Good morning. I'm Andy Thomis, Chief Executive at Cohort PLC. I'm very pleased to be able to announce Cohort's results for 2021, 2022. The presentation today will follow our usual format. I will introduce the highlights. My colleague, Simon Walther, Cohort's Finance Director, will take you through the results in more detail. Then I will bring proceedings to a close with some comments about the outlook for Cohort and the defense market more broadly. Here are the highlights. Our profit performance was in line with the revised guidance that we gave in December. That is some way behind where we were last year, and we'll explain the reasons for that in detail as we go through the results. A more positive indicator for the future is that our order intake was very strong, and we finished the year with a record order book.
That gave us a very high level of order cover for the current year, and it's improved even further since, now standing at 90% of expected full year revenue. I'm also happy to report that cash flow was very strong and well ahead of profit. We finished the year in net funds of GBP 11 million, some way ahead of where we expected to be. That and our positive outlook have given us the confidence to continue growing the dividend, which once again will be 10% ahead of last year. What are the moving parts behind those headline numbers? Simon will give you the detail, but in broad terms, this is the picture. It won't be a surprise to those who've followed us for a while that MASS was once again the largest contributor to group profit.
Revenue fell slightly, but a more favorable mix resulted in a larger profit contribution. At MCL, we saw an increase in customer activity in several important areas that resulted in a strong performance for the year and an unusually strong year-end order book. It was the first full-year contribution from ELAC SONAR, and it exceeded our expectations. ELAC SONAR won a hugely prestigious contract to supply the sonar system for the Italian Navy's new submarines, the largest in its history. We also saw a welcome return to growth at SEA under the stewardship of its new managing director, Richard Flitton. Two of our businesses contracted, and overall, that had an impact on the group's performance. We expected a less positive result at EID, and we highlighted that last year. At Chess, we experienced some growing pains, and that resulted in a significantly worse outcome than we had expected.
Before we get into the detail, a quick word about the future. Cohort ended the year with a record order book, and that has since grown. That is the strongest single indicator of our future prospects. The market dynamics have moved in our favor, with big increases in defense spending announced across Europe since the Russian invasion of Ukraine. That follows on from the U.K.'s GBP 4 billion a year increase announced last year. Cohort's high-tech focus is an excellent match for these growth opportunities. The value of good military communications and intelligence gathering could not have been demonstrated more clearly than by events in Ukraine. We still see some headwinds, especially in relation to lead times and prices for critical components. Nevertheless, these developments give us real confidence about the future trajectory of revenue and profit.
With that, let me hand you over to Simon, who will talk through the results in greater detail.
Thank you, Andy. As already highlighted, revenue is down nearly 4%, and I'm gonna explain the detail behind this in the following slides. The improvement in gross profit, despite lower revenue, is due to improved mix at MASS, higher export sales at SEA, and more naval work at EID. We also saw higher spares and repair work across the group, which is typically higher margin. One of Chess's poor performing projects was closed out in early 2021, 2022. The overhead increase is mostly a full year of ELAC, but also investment in overhead, particularly senior management at Chess and at head office to address more commercial demands from the subsidiaries, but also to deal with the ever-increasing level of compliance faced by a listed group, even on AIM. We also saw a return to more overseas travel and a return to face-to-face meetings, and importantly, trade exhibitions.
Turning to the subsidiaries, these are, as in the past, in alphabetical order, so we begin with the weaker businesses. Chess had a very disappointing year and was worse than we expected. It was the Chess performance that required us to adjust downward our overall group expectations for the year last December. The fall in revenue at Chess was due to delayed orders and delivery problems, partly our own, but also customer-driven delays and some component delays. On the lower revenue, the net margin was much weaker, in part due to overhead burden, but also continuing margin leakage on a few legacy projects. We expect to close those out this year. The investment in overhead at Chess was focused on its management team, and this has begun to turn the business around.
The new year has started better, and we expect a stronger trading performance this year with nearly 100% of its revenue expectation now in order, but also a much better cash performance, reversing much of the cash leakage of the last two years. As we expected at the start of the financial year, EID was much weaker due to a large delivery in 2021 of vehicle intercoms to an export customer, not repeated in the current year. An important order for the Portuguese Navy was further delayed and is now expected to be secured in early 2023. EID has around 75% of its revenue expectation for 2022-2023 on order. We do not expect EID to return to historical performance levels of high teens net margin until 2023-2024, when the naval part of the business should have higher activity.
ELAC contributed a full year's trading performance as compared with five months last year. On a simple pro forma basis, this year was stronger than last year with improved mix, spares, repairs, and legacy hydrographic equipment sales, and improved recovery of direct labor costs due to the large Italian contract commencing in the first quarter of 2021-22. ELAC's order coverage for revenue expectations for the coming year are over 90% as it was last year. The mechanism we negotiated with ELAC's previous owner, Wärtsilä, to compensate us for the delay to an overseas order will continue until November 2022. It will have paid us just over EUR 2.4 million in total, with EUR 0.6 million expected to be recognized in 2022-2023, half of what we recognized in 2021-2022. The export order remains in our pipeline of opportunities.
As in most years, MASS was the largest contributor to group profit. Despite a slightly lower revenue, trading profit was up due to improved mix and flat overheads. The drop in revenue was a cessation of the Metropolitan Police Service contract and slippage of EWOS training provision and some Joint Forces Command activity into 2022, 2023, partly a lingering impact of COVID, as well as focus distraction, particularly at JFC, by the Ukraine conflict. MASS continues to play a key role in its core markets, reinforced by the extension of its JFC support work out to July 2024, and we continue to play a critical role in supporting the U.K.'s electronic warfare and cybersecurity capabilities. MASS' order book extends out to 2027 and now has around 70% of its coming year's expected revenue on order. A good year at MCL, with higher revenue and profit.
As usual at MCL, the profit was quickly converted to cash. MCL saw more activity in unmanned air and ground vehicle systems, offsetting the completion of deliveries to the U.K. submarine program, the latter now moving into a support phase. MCL's strong relationships with customers and suppliers has seen its activity with the U.K. MOD over the last six months markedly increase, and MCL enters the 2022-2023 financial year with a very high level of order cover at 80%. We expect MCL to continue to grow this year, although like all our businesses, supply chain delays remain a challenge. SEA had a better year, although slightly short of our expectations. The significant order wins of last year drove more export and Royal Navy work, and we also saw transport start to recover after the COVID lockdowns.
SEA secured GBP 100 million of orders over the last two years, and it gives it a strong base for 2022, 2023, 80% covered, and its order book stretches out to 2030. SEA has a strong pipeline in its naval system business, and we expect further long-term orders in the coming year. These bridges provide a useful summary of the main moving parts for revenue and adjusted operating profit or trading profit between last year and this. All of these have been explained in the previous slides. The net funds bridge shows a much stronger net cash inflow than was expected this time last year. I was guiding towards a break-even position as at the thirtieth of April 2022. We beat that comfortably with some CapEx delay at ELAC, the Chess minority acquisition slipping into 2022, 2023, and also better working capital performance.
Some of the latter is expected to unwind in the coming year. As we announced last week, 19th of July, we renewed our group bank facility, adding Commerzbank to NatWest and Lloyds. The new facility is for GBP 50 million, compared with GBP 40 million, and extends our facility to July 2025, with options to extend to July 2027. Looking forward into the coming year, we expect to acquire the Chess minority in the first half of this year for a cost of no more than GBP 1.4 million. For the analysts among you, I have indicated our amortization of other intangible assets for the next three years. The tax rate this year, 13.5%, will rise to 18% in the coming year due to the mix of profit sources.
With U.K. rates still expected to rise to 25% in April 2023, our rates will go up to 24% thereafter. As already indicated, some of the timing advantage in our closing net funds at 30th of April 2022 is expected to unwind in 2022-2023. We expect to end the year around GBP 4 million of net funds, but that is never easy to predict. Thank you. I now hand back to Andy.
I hope that's painted a clear picture for you of the results. I'm gonna round off the presentation with some words about the future, then I'll try to sum up. Let's start with the wider market picture. The U.K.'s integrated review last year identified two major threats to the global order.
Russia was seen as the more acute in the short term, but China was assessed to be the greatest state-based threat to the U.K.'s economic security. Of course, alongside those growing sources of instability, we have the well-known ones in Iran, North Korea, and elsewhere. The U.K.'s assessment of Russia sadly turned out to be prescient, as became apparent in February this year. There is every reason to agree with the conclusion on China too. President Xi is continuing to make threats to Taiwan and may have been emboldened by Russia's breaking of the taboo on invading a peaceful neighbor. China's investment in its vast fleet of surface ships, including three aircraft carriers and what is now the second-largest submarine fleet in the world, shows he means business.
The Chinese buildup and the Russian invasion of Ukraine have had a galvanizing impact on defense expenditure around the world, not least in the group's domestic markets. The 2021 UK Defense Review announced a GBP 4 billion a year increase in spending. The U.K. support to Ukraine has resulted in a notable increase in equipment acquisition activity levels.
In Germany, the government announced a long-term increase in defense spending and an immediate EUR 100 billion boost to deal with equipment shortcomings and shortages. Germany is not yet a major market for the group, but ELAC SONAR provides underwater communications and echo sounders for the Navy, and we expect the need for provision and support of these to increase. We also see a new emphasis on naval spending in Portugal. A fleet of six offshore patrol vessels is set to build there, as well as a new multipurpose naval ship. EID aims to provide its new generation of communication system for these, as well as new radios and intercoms for the Portuguese Army. We continue to see good prospects in export markets with the Ukraine conflict and the growing assertiveness of China, driving expenditure in NATO, Southeast Asia and beyond.
In the NATO countries, we're seeing increased interest in land-based surveillance. In wider markets, our strong maritime systems offering has generated a lot of interest. For example, Australia has committed to a large increase in defense spending, including the acquisition of a fleet of nuclear submarines, working with the U.K. and the U.S. in the new AUKUS alliance. Japan is reviewing its defense plans with a view to doubling the level of spending. It's also looking to build new alliances. For instance, through participation in the Anglo-Swedish-Italian Tempest combat aircraft program, and that's a huge change of direction. All of that adds up to a market opportunity that is growing for a business like Cohort. In particular, we're seeing an increased focus on secure communications, command and control, and surveillance systems.
The importance of these could not have been more clearly demonstrated than in the Ukraine conflict, where we've seen Russian troops forced to use the Ukrainian mobile phone network, allowing easy intercept and for them, disastrous tactical outcomes. Another area of focus is anti-submarine warfare, detection and localization of hostile submarines, and the technology to defeat their missions. That stems from the realization of the growing threat posed by both Russia and China in this domain. A third technology focus is artificial intelligence and autonomous systems for land, sea, and air use. These will be vital in reducing the demand for highly trained defense manpower and enabling faster and more effective responses to aggression. Finally, we see increasing demand for cybersecurity and cyber defense services and software. These are now equally important as battlefield tools as for strategic impact. These are all areas where Cohort is supplying products and technology.
Overall, I believe we're well-positioned to meet current and evolving customer requirements. This slide shows the runoff of our order book. The left-hand column breaks out the order book between the group businesses. All six of them have orders on hand of more than GBP 20 million, including MCL, which is unusually high. Three of them have over GBP 50 million. After a very successful year of order intake, SEA has now overtaken MASS as the company with the largest order book, now above GBP 75 million. The total of nearly GBP 300 million is a record high for the group. The slide shows that order book now extending well beyond the next two years. In fact, SEA's order book now goes out to 2030, and we expect that to extend even further if we're successful in winning some of the opportunities we can see currently.
This slide provides more detail on that order book breakdown. The second and fourth columns of the table are important for comparison. They show the deliveries on order for the current year in comparison to the situation this time last year. MASS has more or less maintained its position. All of the others have grown sharply, especially ELAC, MCL, and SEA. SEA sees a particularly good set of prospects and expects to improve its position further this year. Overall, at the beginning of the year, we had 78% of the consensus external revenue covered by firm orders, much better than the 64% last year. By the middle of this month, that had grown to 90% compared to 70% at the same time last year, with more than GBP 20 million of new orders won already this year.
Overall, since the pandemic began in 2020, we've won over GBP 365 million of new orders. That is much better than we feared might be the case when the first lockdowns were announced in March 2020. I should emphasize that this order book picture does not mean that future revenue is set in stone. There can be delays to planned deliveries because of supply chain disruption or for other reasons, and occasionally customers change or cancel orders. This is the closest we have to a crystal ball, and it provides a strong indication of future growth. One reason that our order book has grown is that we've invested in products and technologies that meet the evolving needs of our customers. We continue to track those needs, and we continue to invest. This slide gives some examples.
SEA is working on several fronts, all closely aligned to current defense needs. FILS, the Future Infantry Lethality System, was a U.K. defense research program that SEA has developed into a specialist sensor and communication system that can be integrated with infantry weapons. SEA is also developing specialized communications architecture to allow data transmission to and from autonomous vehicles. It continues to develop the capability of its ROADflow range of traffic enforcement systems. EID is developing its product line to match or exceed its rivals' capabilities at highly competitive prices. Its new soldier system for the Portuguese army is a good example, as is the latest version of its maritime communication system, including some new high-security features. Chess has an ambitious development program focusing on integrating novel sensors, deep learning technology for target identification, and a new small high-definition sensor for autonomous platforms.
ELAC is pushing more boundaries with the development of its trademarked SPHERE sonar technology, developing smart sensors to create more sensitive and flexible acoustic sensor suites than ever before. Ultimately, these will make use of artificial intelligence technology, a potentially hugely disruptive technology in submarine detection in cluttered environments like the South China Sea. MASS continues to develop its electronic warfare training systems and software products to meet the challenges faced by real-life users as tactics and technology evolve in this vital area. That brings me to the end of what I wanted to say today, and this slide provides a summary of the key points I'd like you to take away. The group's order book is at a record level, and we see a good pipeline of further opportunities. As of now, some 90% of our expected revenue for the year is covered by firm orders.
That's a higher percentage than ever before at this point. One reason for this strong position is that our technologies and products are aligned with evolving customer needs. That's a benefit of our devolved business model and small, innovative operating businesses. Despite this strong position, there are headwinds. We've seen increases in lead times and prices for some critical components arising from COVID disruption, logistics delays, and pent-up demand from other sectors. Nevertheless, we expect to grow in the current year, and we expect that growth to accelerate in 2023, 2024 and beyond. Our long-term aim is to target double-digit growth in revenue and profit. We'll achieve that through a combination of investment in new technology and adding new businesses to the group. Overall, we continue to see the future this way. Thank you for your attention. We'd be happy to answer any questions.
Thank you. There are two questions from the online chat. The first one is from Mike Jeremy at Equity Development. Your notes on MASS mention support for STEM students. How are you finding recruitment or success in attracting talent being located in the Cambridge region? Second, do you include lease obligations in net debt?
Thank you. You'll see this is Andy Thomis. Well, it's not just MASS and not just Cambridge. I mean, we as a growing business, and as a business which adds value primarily through its people, I mean, we're not a capital-intensive business, we are looking to grow our STEM workforce. We're pursuing that on a number of fronts. Of course, we need to recruit experienced people, and I think we have a good offering to do that, as a business which offers some exciting work opportunities. We're also engaging at the educational level, that includes MASS.
We're based not only in Cambridge but also in Lincolnshire, and our other businesses in the U.K. and overseas as well, and we've had some success at this. We've grown our workforce by about 5% over the last year, and we're looking to continue to do so. It is a tough market out there, especially for certain specialized skills, and that's sort of doubled when you take into account that they sometimes need to be security cleared as well. But I think we are making some headway. Our HR initiatives have been an important part of what we've been doing over the last year, and we see that as being a really important priority for us going forward.
I hope that answers the question at that point. Let me invite Simon to comment on the other part of the question.
Yes, Simon Walther, and thanks, Mike, for the question. The answer is very easy. It does not. Our bank covenants not included as part of net debt. At the moment, IFRS 16 obligations are removed from those calculations.
Okay. The next question comes from Robin Speakman at Shore Capital Markets. Color on capital allocation, please. Working capital expectations for the current year, CapEx and R&D requirements, plans, opportunities. Also, color on inflation and managing these costs. Thank you.
Again, Simon here. I'll take the first part of the question. I might ask Andy to comment on the inflation bits. The working capital of the business obviously is quite erratic. Some of our businesses like MASS and MCL generally run on relatively low working capital, and are very cash generative. Some of the others which are involved in longer term programs like SEA, ELAC and Chess, and to some extent EID, are a little bit more working capital demanded, and the figures can go up and down. I mean, this year has been a positive flow on working capital to be driven by SEA and ELAC. Chess had a weak year. I think for the coming year, I expect ELAC and SEA to be weaker in terms of cash generation, partly from unwinding cash advances.
We would also expect Chess to improve more and be cash generative for the coming year. In terms of CapEx, generally, the CapEx of the group runs at sort of around the GBP 20 million mark per annum. That's mainly in IT and some production machinery. For the next few years, we have got a capital commitment, regional capital commitment to come on ELAC's new facility in Germany that we mentioned. Numbers are still being finalized on that, but we'd expect that over the next three years, probably to be around the order of around GBP 13 million-15 million spread over those three years. That's certainly in our assumptions for the next few years.
In terms of R&D, of our R&D spend this year of GBP 11 million, just under GBP 3 million is private venture R&D, so GBP 8 million is funded by the customer. A great deal of our R&D spend is customer funded because it's quite bespoke for what they need. It all qualifies for R&D expenditure, both in the U.K. and Portugal. There is no such scheme in Germany. As you can see, the spend on R&D is quite high for the group, across both funded and unfunded R&D. I'll hand to Andy on the inflation point. I can comment on any issues.
Yeah. Thank you, Simon. Yes, inflation is a concern for us. We can manage this in a number of ways. Typically, we will aim to agree with customers where there are long-term contracts that prices are adjusted on an annual basis according to appropriate indices. Any short-term contracts, we'll just make an assumption about the likely level of inflation. Inflation is particularly concentrated in certain areas. Semiconductors are an important set of products for us. Inflation in that area has been high. I think it's fair to say that generally speaking, the value of semiconductor content in terms of value of our products is not. It doesn't make up a high proportion of those.
It doesn't have an overall very large impact on cost. I think perhaps of more concern is the increase in lead times that we're seeing. We can manage that to a certain extent by building up stocks of important semiconductor items. But we can't manage that entirely. We may see some impact from that. I noted this morning that on the Today program, there was someone from the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders mentioning exactly the same factor in relation to car production. That is something of a headwind. On the positive side, though, we have this very strong order book position and a strong record of order intake and good market backdrop.
You know, that sort of underpins our overall position for confidence in the future. I hope that responds suitably to the question.
Thank you. The next question is from Matthew Tong at Liontrust. I'd expect the answer to be yes, but assume you can increase price where cost of goods sold is increasing.
The straight answer to that is, sometimes. Of course, there's also competitive pressure in some areas of our activity. As I explained a moment ago, for longer-term contracts, we frequently manage to build in price indices. Everyone's costs are going up, and that does tend to mean that prices go with them, yeah.
Andy Edmond from Equity Development asks, congratulations on the order book, and you rightly stress the importance of extended longevity. Is it your sense that the recent trend to longer-term ordering will continue?
The answer to that is, we believe that it will do. Certainly, this year we see some good opportunities for really pretty long-term contracts that will stretch the longevity of the order book further. In part, one reason for this longevity has been that we've been winning more contracts in the maritime side of the business, and naval ship and naval submarine build programs are naturally very long, and that tends to extend the longevity of our order book and the visibility of revenue, you know, going out quite a few years. Simon, would you like to comment any further on that?
Well, I think you're right. I think in some areas, particularly naval, as you said, they are long-term. We are seeing the customers probably through a combination of trying to, I think, ensure retention of capability in the industry is looking to invest for longer terms. We have seen this year just gone, SEA secured a 10-year support contract, and we wouldn't be surprised if there's contracts of that sort of duration coming up over the next few years. There are a number in our pipeline. Very much so that they're going towards that length of support.
Okay. Peter Ashworth at Shore Capital. Is there a seasonality to activities? Do you expect the acceleration in orders to continue?
Yeah, why don't you share that, Simon?
Sure. Peter, on seasonality, as you know, in our business, some aspects of it are quite seasonal. We've seen over the years that there's often a very strong second half, if not final quarter spend of businesses like MCL and SEA in the transport division. Some of our other businesses which are much more into long-term support contracts like MASS, like ELAC, there isn't so much seasonality. We obviously have the typical trends for our customers in the summer months can be quite quiet, and then it sort of picks up in September and sort of gets very busy in the new year. We are integrating as the order book gets longer, the predictability of the business better, that we can start to move our business to a more equal first, second half weighting.
I don't expect that to be happening in the coming year or the year after that for the moment. Seasonality will continue.
Peter, in relation to the future order book trajectory, well, we certainly see some good short-term pipeline opportunities to build it further. Beyond that, I would say that the overall market dynamics suggest that spending is increasing, as I mentioned in the presentation, and that's particularly focused on some of the areas where we're strong. I'll be optimistic on that front.
Thank you. There is a question, a two-part question from Annabel Houston at Stifel. The first part: Thank you for the detail on SEA revenue by end market. Can you give any timeframe around when submarine may pick up again, or any color around the wider UK submarine plans?
Do you wanna pick one up on the timing, Simon? I can talk about item actually on plans.
Yeah. Annabel, I mean, in a way, I mean, obviously you probably look at BAE's announcements more about the U.K. submarine program, but where we are at the moment is that much of our work on the Astute program is finished. There's a lot of still change that's coming through, and we have a regular drumbeat of business. We have just received the first orders for Dreadnought, so that will start to ramp up. I do expect our U.K. submarine work to start increasing over the next few years. As you're well aware, we were selected to supply on the Australian submarine program. As we said, the Australians decided on a change to the way they were gonna do their submarine program and going towards a nuclear, although we also understand they may retain some diesel capability.
That has put their program back a few years. At the moment, our orders, we removed that order from our order book, but we expect to hopefully come back on order at some point in the future. Yeah, I expect SEA submarine activity to start to grow over the next few years again, as Dreadnought comes online.
If I can just add a bit of color to that. I think there is certainly, from my discussions with some keenness on behalf of the Australian defense establishment, to make use of the work that was done on systems like communications for the original Attack-class when the new nuclear class of boat comes in. I should also mention in passing that there is a strong intention to upgrade the existing Collins-class boats, which currently use EID's communication system, so we see opportunities there as well. Thanks for that, Annabel.
The second question Annabel asks is: Given the issues you have had to resolve at Chess, would that make you reconsider taking less than 100% of a new acquisition? Thank you.
Well, we're certainly very, very conscious of the fact that having an earn out and a minority purchase agreement as part of the overall transaction, you know, does limit what you can do as far as management is concerned for a period following an acquisition. You have to balance that against the benefits of the flexibility of using those techniques to bridge value gaps between buyer and seller. You know, we're very cognizant of that. Would it stop us doing it again? No. I think it would sharpen our feelings for the potential downsides, so we want to take that into account.
I think these things can be very successful, and we demonstrated that with the MCL acquisition, which proceeded down a similar path and worked very well, Annabel. No, I certainly wouldn't rule that out.
Okay. There are a few similar questions on M&A pipeline from Ben Vaughan at Investec and Matthew Tong at Liontrust. How is your M&A pipeline shaping up in light of recent sector consolidation?
Yes. Well, I would say in terms of opportunities that we're seeing, there's really quite a lot that comes across our desks. We're quite choosy about what we select. You know, we're conscious of the risks as well as the opportunities of doing acquisitions. You know, we're not sort of rushing into large numbers of purchases. I would say, I think in defense speak that the phrase would be it's a target-rich environment. The question is, though, that you know, we need to choose those which will really add value to the business and to shareholders.
Okay. We have a question from Andy Chambers at Edison Investment Research: Can you say what impact in FY20 23 the sale of the terminated systems at Chess will have?
Yeah. Andy, Simon. As you say, the contract that we had to supply was terminated in 2021, 2022. We have found another customer for it. I mean, the impact on Chess is that it's basically moved the revenue cover for this year to for Chess to sort of nearly 100%, which is very good. The margin on it has not been as strong as we normally make on the business, so it is a slightly weaker mix in terms of where Chess will be this year. Overall, it's not gonna change our overall position for this year, but it certainly does help in providing Chess with a sort of cash boost into the first half of the year, which is more than welcome.
Yeah. For clarity, I should say that relates to a particular program to supply one particular customer, which ran into some difficulty and eventually was terminated by mutual agreement. That's resulted in an adjustment to Chess's order book. As Simon said, though, the capital equipment that was actually built for that has successfully been sold to another customer. It's not an especially significant effect on the business overall.
Okay. Well, I think that concludes all of our questions. Thank you very much for everybody's contribution. I'd just like to turn the call back to Andy for any closing remarks.
Thank you very much. Yes, I'd just like to say thank you all for your attendance and for your interesting questions, which we've enjoyed answering. Just to reiterate our closing message, which is that the market dynamics, the strength of the order book, despite, as I've mentioned, some of the headwinds in relation to semiconductor lead times, give us a lot of confidence, that the business trajectory will continue to move towards growth. Thank you once again.