Thank you for standing by, and welcome to the Aristocrat half-yearly 2022 results announcement. All participants are in a listen-only mode. There will be a presentation followed by a question-and-answer session. If you wish to ask a question, you will need to press the Star key followed by the number one on your telephone keypad. I would now like to hand the conference over to Mr. Trevor Croker, Chief Executive Officer and Managing Director. Please go ahead.
Good morning, and welcome to Aristocrat's financial results presentation for the half year to 31 March 2022. My name is Trevor Croker, Chief Executive Officer and Managing Director of Aristocrat. It is a pleasure to present Aristocrat's half year results today. With me on the line is Sally Denby, our Deputy Chief Financial Officer, Hector Fernandez, CEO of Aristocrat Gaming, Mike Lang, CEO of Pixel United, and Mitchell Bowen, CEO, Real Money Gaming and Chief Transformation Officer. Thank you to everyone for joining us. Turning to our agenda on slide two. Please note that the full details of the half year results are contained in the Review of Operations document released this morning.
Today, we will step through the presentation deck, beginning with an overview of progress against our growth strategy, which will include an update on our response to the situation in Ukraine and our plan to scale in online real money gaming, or RMG. We'll then move to our group financial results for the first half. We will also address Aristocrat's on-market share buyback program of up to $ 500 million, which we announced today. We will subsequently step through highlights of our operational performance and full year outlook and finally opening the line to your questions. Before we begin, please note the usual disclaimer statement available at the back of today's presentation deck. References to prior corresponding period or PCP relate to the six months to 31 March 2021. Turning now to slide four.
I'd like to begin by recapping Aristocrat's established growth strategy, which we continued to execute over the reporting period. In a nutshell, we aim to deliver high-quality, profitable growth by continuously improving the competitiveness of our product portfolios to take share and diversify our business. To do this, we invest in great people, game content, technology and capability, building on the foundations of culture, governance, and exceptional financial strength. We're also prepared to invest aggressively, both organically and inorganically, to accelerate our progress. The diagram describes our strategy flywheel and the key features of our approach. Today's results demonstrate it remains highly relevant and effective. Turning to slide five. Over the six months to 31 March 2022, we continued to execute our strategy. We delivered further profitable organic growth with above-industry performance in key segments and genres, driving additional expansion in share.
The business has also continued to grow in scale, diversification, and resilience. We took further significant steps forward in leadership and capability while continuing to execute against our ambitious ESG commitments. Strong cash flow generation and balance sheet strength was also evident over the half, with an $ 1.3 billion equity raise in October, contributing to a total of approximately $ 3.3 billion in liquidity as at 31 March. Turning now to slide six, addressing our response to the situation in Ukraine during the period. I've previously spoken about how our strategy helped us make the right choices in response to COVID disruptions over the past two years, particularly with respect to our global gaming business. We doubled down on strategic strengths, maintaining investment and focus on the long term.
Our response to the terrible situation in Ukraine, which began in the latter part of the reporting period, provides another example of our approach to managing volatility and macro circumstances that are beyond our control. First and foremost, we've acted in line with our values and done the right thing by our people. We have made every effort to enhance the safety and wellbeing of our Ukraine team and their families, and we will continue to do so. Pixel United has worked methodically to address areas of strategic risk and opportunity in a fast and focused way, protecting our people and the business. The choices we made have effectively accelerated the implementation of Pixel United's growth strategy and further grown its scale and resilience.
Today, over 3/4 of our approximately 1,000 Ukraine staff are set up in safer locations in Ukraine or abroad, a meaningful increase on the 2/3 we reported in March. Several new office locations have been established in global game talent hubs to support further growth and to accommodate people we've relocated from Ukraine. Through the incredible efforts of our people, our Ukraine operations are currently delivering around 70% of pre-conflict output, with further improvement expected over time. We regard this as an achievement that shows the quality of our people and culture and the effectiveness of our business continuity arrangements. The work done to leverage additional capacity across Pixel United teams and locations has been exceptionally effective. It has ensured minimal disruption across the portfolio from a content, live ops, and features perspective, with no material earnings impact on the Pixel United business.
In the context of the imposition of sanctions and the non-viability of continued operations in the country, we suspended our mobile games in Russia and are exiting third-party relationships in Russia and Belarus. We're working quickly to find the right approach for our Russia studio team, ensuring our people and business are protected. While we are unable to comment further at this time, we are confident we will achieve the right outcome in the near term that will secure the future for the Vikings game and also ensure a successful worldwide launch of Magic Wars in fiscal 2023. This is obviously a complex and dynamic situation, but by focusing on what we can control and investing in our strategic drivers, we are confident that we will emerge a stronger and even more resilient business going forward.
I could not be more proud of our people and the extraordinary efforts they have brought to bear over the last few months, and I wanna take this opportunity to thank them publicly. I'd now like to turn to slide seven and address our strategic scale in the online RMG segment, which has been a significant focus over the reporting period. To recap, the global online RMG segment is comprised of iGaming, online sports betting, and iLotteries. Online RMG represents an estimated total addressable market of $70 billion globally and is predicted to grow in line with broader consumer and technology trends together with the regulation of additional jurisdictions. Scaling in online RMG is a logical growth and diversification opportunity that is highly complementary both to Aristocrat's gaming and free-to-play mobile businesses. It provides another channel for the distribution of our world-leading content.
It leverages our strengths, including our proven ability to attack attractive adjacencies through strong investment and effective operational execution. We said that our first focus will be in North America, given the scale of the opportunity together with Aristocrat's deep customer and regulator relationships and the resonance of our premium content in the market. iGaming, both table and slots, is currently legal and operational in six states of the union, with expectations of significant growth over time. Over recent months, Aristocrat has accelerated our build and buy strategy to scale online RMG to be a third operational engine of our business, alongside Aristocrat Gaming and Pixel United. The new business has crystallized its objectives and is implementing its plans at full pace. Our ambition is to ultimately be the leading gaming platform within the global online RMG industry.
This mindset guides our approach, which is to take a portfolio view anchored in product strategy led by premium slots content and strong IP. We're also proceeding on the basis of clear and high-quality commercial execution strategies to deliver feature-rich, frictionless, and scalable technology architecture. Also key is the building of an independent organizational model with an entrepreneurial mentality and nimble operations that attract and engage top talent internally and externally. In the medium term, we are targeting a significant share of the U.S. iGaming market as measured by net gaming revenue over the next five years, growing to penetrate at least 70% of regulated jurisdictions across North America. Over time, and as our long-term ambition makes clear, we see significant additional opportunities in verticals beyond iGaming and beyond North America. Increasing organic investment in product and technology will be required. This is the build component of our plan.
By the end of calendar 2022, Aristocrat will have iGaming products with two major customers in two jurisdictions in the U.S., increasing to three jurisdictions by January 2023. This represents half of the currently regulated iGaming jurisdictions in the U.S. Customers will be able to offer their patrons the opportunity to play Aristocrat slots on their mobile devices via customers' online casino apps. We'll be investing to refine our offer, broaden feature sets, and expand our presence in terms of customers and jurisdictions in the period ahead. D&D investment behind the online RMG business will be reflected in spend over the 2022 fiscal full year, which we expect to be modestly above our historical range of 11%-12% of revenue.
Simultaneously, we are accelerating assessment of buy options to add key capability and technology where we can achieve this faster and better scale inorganically, consistent with our disciplined M&A criteria. We have a clear line of sight over our priorities and our options. From the first half of fiscal 2023, we'll also report operational highlights from this business separately in our market disclosures. We are focused and energized on the task ahead and look forward to further adding to the group's growth momentum and diversification as we accelerate our build and buy strategy. Before moving to highlights of the financial result for the period, I'd like to say a few words on our sustainability strategy and the progress we've made over the six months to 31 March 2022 on slide eight.
Aristocrat also continued to make progress across its material environmental, social, and governance priorities, consistent with our commitment to delivering sustainable long-term performance. Over the period, high levels of employee engagement were maintained globally. The business also built an environmental management system to build data capabilities to support our adoption of a groupwide science-based emission reduction target by the end of 2023 calendar year. Aristocrat continued to invest in responsible gameplay initiatives with the Australian first trial of Aristocrat cashless gaming technology set to begin in New South Wales imminently in partnership with the government, the regulator, and our customer. Further exploration of new tools and functionality has been undertaken by dedicated teams within our gaming and Pixel United businesses, with more investment in expanding our global RG team.
We look forward to releasing further detailed disclosures and information on our progress over the 2022 fiscal full year in November, in line with our normal practice. Turning to slide 10. Over the six months to 31 March 2022, Aristocrat delivered normalized profit after tax and before amortization of acquired intangible or NPATA of $580 million. This represents an increase of 41% in reported terms and 37% in constant currency compared to the PCP. Revenue increased 23% to over $ 2.7 billion. On a constant currency basis, revenue was 20% higher than the prior corresponding period, driven by outstanding performance in gaming operations and outright sales, supported by robust portfolio performance from Pixel United.
This was achieved despite mixed operating conditions and challenges, including the outbreak of hostilities in Ukraine in February 2022, an industry-wide moderation in overall mobile game demand post-COVID, and ongoing global supply chain disruptions. Earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, and amortization, or EBITDA, was over 30% higher than the PCP at approximately $ 970 million. Operating cash flow of $ 502 million was 42% higher than the PCP, reflecting strong business performance and underlying cash flow generation capability. The group's balance sheet also remained extremely strong. The directors have authorized a fully franked dividend of $ 0.26 per share or $ 173.7 million in respect to the period ended 31 March 2022. The record date will be 27 May 2022, and the payment date will be 1 July 2022.
I'll now provide further details of our group results and also address capital management and today's announcement of an on-market share buyback program. Slide 11 sets out the composition of Aristocrat's reported NPATA performance of $ 580 million, normalized for significant items and compared to the PCP. As I mentioned, the result is 41% above profit performance for the six months to 31 March 2021. It is also 37% above the pre-COVID half year 2019 NPATA result, reflecting a strong recovery in the Americas and ANZ gaming markets, and further growth in Pixel United.
In gaming, the Americas business delivered a $ 174.7 million increase in post-tax profits, driven by our double-digit expansion in Aristocrat's premium gaming operations footprint to over 56,000 units, combined with a strong 18% increase in fee per day to $55.75. In addition, a 78% increase in outright sales revenue reflected increased customer capital availability, increased penetration of our portrait cabinets, as well as our successful expansion into strategic adjacencies in North America. The ANZ business grew post-tax earnings by $ 4.4 million, supported by the launch of MarsX cabinet and high-performing game portfolio, despite the impact of extreme weather and mandated venue closures in key markets across the period.
The international Class III business grew post-tax earnings by $ 28.7 million due to large openings in the Philippines as Asian and European markets continue to emerge slowly post-COVID lockdowns. Pixel United delivered post-tax earnings growth of $ 9.5 million, driven by strong performance in social casino games, including Lightning Link and Cashman Casino, and continued momentum in RAID: Shadow Legends. Costs associated with the proposed Playtech transaction, increased interest expense, and continued strong investment in strategic capabilities grew corporate and other costs by $ 20.8 million post-tax. Investments in talent and technology, including to scale in online RMG, increased over the period and remained at industry-leading levels. Finally, foreign exchange positively impacted the result by $ 18.5 million. Turning now to slide 12.
Operating cash flow increased 42% to $ 502 million compared to the prior corresponding period, reflecting business performance and underlying cash flow generation capability. The change in net working capital in the period reflects the reduction in payables and the decision to increase inventory levels in response to COVID-driven supply chain disruptions. Interest and tax expense increased 71%, reflecting the higher tax payments due to improved business performance, timing of tax payments, and increased funding costs associated with proposed Playtech transaction. Capital expenditure of $ 131 million in the half relates primarily to the investment in hardware to support continued growth in the Americas gaming operations install base in line with our strategy.
The major financing activities undertaken by Aristocrat in the period included the $ 683 million repayment of Term Loan B debt and the $ 1.3 billion equity raising referenced earlier. Turning now to capital investment priorities, balance sheet, and liquidity in more detail on slide 13. Aristocrat continues to focus its capital allocation on driving organic growth and investing in M&A opportunities to accelerate the implementation of its long-term growth strategy in line with our rigorous investment criteria. Over the reporting period, we committed $ 313 million in D&D to further strengthen our product portfolios, representing 11% of group revenue and within our 11%-12% target range. We also invested $262 million in UA to drive mobile portfolio performance, representing 28% of Pixel United revenue within our 26%-29% target range.
Finally, we invested $ 131 million in CapEx, as previously noted. Notwithstanding this investment, business performance over the period drove continued strong excess cash flow post dividends and deleveraging. Following the equity raise in October 2021, Aristocrat's leverage has continued to trend below its historical range. Aristocrat currently has net cash of $ 524 million, representing a net cash to EBITDA leverage ratio of 0.3x. This provides the opportunity to continue to invest strongly in growth initiatives, including a build and buy strategy to scale online RMG, while also returning cash to shareholders. We are therefore pleased to announce a new on-market share buyback program that, in addition to our existing discretionary dividend policy, will be an ongoing component of our established capital allocation framework.
The on-market share buyback program of up to $5 00 million will be conducted on an opportunistic basis, subject to our leverage profile and market conditions. The program will enhance flexibility to our capital management framework and maximize shareholder returns while retaining our capacity to pursue organic and inorganic initiatives consistent with our growth strategy. We also took the opportunity to successfully refinance our debt facilities, which further diversifies our capital structure and enhances our scope to continue to invest strongly for growth. New debt facilities were supported by existing and new investors, with closing and funding expected to occur by the end of this month. Our debt is competitively priced, with the new facilities priced at a weighted average cost of SOFR plus 150 basis points. During the period, Aristocrat also maintained its credit ratings. This completes the overview of the group results.
I'll now step through operational performance for the six months to 31 March 2022 and the outlook for the remainder of this financial year. Turning first to the operational performance of Aristocrat Gaming business on slide 15. Just a reminder that further segment performance details are provided in the appendix to this presentation. Gaming segment revenue and profit grew over 38% and 60% respectively, reflecting continued penetration of high-performing games and cabinets, particularly in Americas and in ANZ. In local currency, Americas profit increased over 55% to more than $ 482 million, driven by growth in the Class III premium and Class II gaming operations footprint. The business grew share across key segments and significantly expanded margins, reflecting growth in gaming operations of more than 5,500 units to over 56,000 units in total.
The business's decision to retain significant inventory despite COVID disruptions in the prior year also mitigated substantial supply chain costs increasing during the period. Over the full year, however, we are expecting increased supply chain costs to have some impact on margins, notwithstanding ongoing active management and mitigation of costs where possible. Aristocrat's Class III premium install base grew 18% to 29,513 units, with continued penetration of leading hardware and configurations and high-performing game titles. Almost all machines were switched on in customer venues that were open at 31 March 2022, as pandemic restrictions were further eased across North America. On a combined and unadjusted basis, the average Class II and Class III fee per day increased 18%, as previously noted.
For the six months to 31 March 2022, Aristocrat Gaming averaged 18 of the top performing 25 games in the premium lease segment, and 10 of the top 25 games in the wide area progressive segment, according to industry data, again demonstrating exceptional portfolio strength. North America outright sales revenue increased 78%, with volumes up over 4,700 units compared to the PCP, driven by growth in customer capital commitments and penetration of new hardware along with growth in adjacencies. This comprised expansions in the VLT Canada, VLT Illinois, VLT Oregon, and Washington CDS segments. Aristocrat also entered the Kentucky Historic Horse Racing, HHR segment in the period, and is poised to enter the New York Lottery market in the second half of 2022.
The business also launched cashless functionality in the half, with the Oasis wallet now live in 13 Boyd properties across multiple U.S. states and with more installations planned. In ANZ, revenue increased by 6.5% to over $ 222 million in constant currency compared to the prior corresponding period, while overall profit increased by almost 7% to $ 90.8 million. Margins increased by 0.2 percentage points to 40.8% due to favorable product mix in the reporting period. Average cabinet selling price also increased, driven by continued penetration of the recently released Mars X cabinet across all markets.
The business maintained its market-leading ship share across the reporting period off the back of continued strength of the product portfolio. In summary, the global gaming business delivered another high-quality performance in the reporting period, driven by exceptional cabinet and game portfolios, customer partnerships, and effective commercial execution. The gaming business has entered the second half of the fiscal year with excellent momentum and is well-placed to extend its market-leading positions in gaming operations and sustainable share growth in outright sales and markets globally. Now to Pixel United on slide 16, and I note that the figures on this slide are in US dollars. Our risk-adjusted focus is on maximizing long-term profitability across our expanding portfolio of world-class evergreen franchises in attractive genres, supported by high-quality legacy titles.
Pixel United delivered a successful six months to 31 March 2022, achieving robust top and bottom line growth, continuing to take share and maintaining strong portfolio momentum despite cycling an exceptionally strong PCP. Seven of the top 100 mobile games in the U.S. over the 12 months to 31 March were Pixel United titles. The business retained its number one position in the social slots and squad RPG genres, and its number two position in casual merge. Bookings grew 5.8% off the back of investments in live ops, new features, and content. While revenue was up 6.4% and profit increased 3.2% to $ 311 million compared to the PCP. Profit performance reflected effective and dynamic UA allocation, along with an increased contribution from the proprietary commission-free platform Plarium Play.
Plarium Play accounted for around 27% of total Plarium revenues over the period, up from around 20% at the 2021 fiscal full year. More generally, all platform revenues are an increasing focus across all genres in our business. Effective cost management supported this result, even as the business absorbed costs related to implementing our business continuity plan in connection with the situation in Ukraine. From an overall industry perspective, we've seen exceptional growth from 2019 - 2021 in the order of 20% +. Industry data suggests a return to a sustainable growth trajectory in the mid-single digits during the reporting period and over the medium term. Regardless of market conditions, Pixel United continues to focus on our performance and growing our share of key genres.
During the period, the business accelerated execution of its longer-term growth strategy, including through strong UA investment as previously noted, as well as continued diversification of marketing across platforms and channels. Investments were also made to further bolster core game development, operational and leadership capabilities, and broaden our presence in key talent markets globally. Building on the acquisitions of Futureplay and Playsoft in the last 12 months, during the period, Pixel United finalized a minority investment in the studio Ultracine, based in Montreal, which is a major game talent hub. Ultracine specializes in the development of fashion and design sim games, bringing attractive new genre capabilities to the business. We are consolidating our social casino operations, previously split across Product Madness and Big Fish under the management of Product Madness. This will ensure maximum momentum and alignment behind our social casino growth plans.
The former head of games at Amazon, Larry Plotnick, has been appointed post-period end to lead our revitalized Big Fish business, adding to a range of world-class hires as we continue to grow the Pixel United operation. A drop in DAUs from 6.7 million- 5.9 million at 31 March 2022 reflected an ongoing focus on DAU quality. It also reflected our decision to suspend our games in Russia, in addition to EverMerge stabilizing and a relative but anticipated decline in DAU for Mech Arena: Robot Showdown following its worldwide launch in August 2021. The absence of any scheduled worldwide launches in the period also contributed to lower comp. The focus on DAU quality is reflected in ARP DAU performance, which grew 11% or $0.08 compared to the PCP, demonstrating strengthening player engagement across the portfolio. Turning briefly to key genres.
The social casino segment contributed $ 483 million in bookings in the period, an increase of 10% on the PCP, driven mainly by the continued strong growth of Lightning Link and Cashman Casino, supported by the ongoing performance of Heart of Vegas, Big Fish Casino, and Jackpot Magic Slots. Performance benefited from effective investments in live ops, features, and new slot content. The role-playing games, RPG, strategy and action segments contributed $ 334 million in bookings in the period. This was an increase of 9% in the PCP, driven by growth in RAID: Shadow Legends as the title moves into profit mode and the contribution of Mech Arena: Robot Showdown. We continue to have great confidence in the potential of this breakout action game, which is due to launch on Plarium Play in the northern summer, supported by strong marketing execution.
Legacy titles also contributed to generate solid revenue and contribute to profitability. I'd also like to make some comments on RAID bookings performance in recent months. We are continuing to invest strongly in content, features, and live ops while moderating UA investment as we move into profit mode for this world-class evergreen title. As previously noted, the game is cycling over exceptionally strong prior year performance. In addition, our decision to stop accepting payments from Russia and the fact that our industry data is not capturing Plarium Play bookings are also relevant contributors. The pullback in RAID bookings on a year-on-year comparison correlates broadly with what's been reported on an industry basis, noting that we have grown share in the genre and the game continues to perform very well. We are therefore very comfortable with our strategy for RAID and its strengthening profit performance.
We continue to actively manage the title for maximum lifetime value in the context of our whole portfolio strategy. Moving finally to the social casual segment, which delivered $ 135 million in bookings in the period. This represents a decrease of 12% on the PCP due to the maturing of the portfolio, the stabilization of EverMerge after scaling the game successfully over the last two years, and the focus on effective UA investment. We are excited by the ongoing progress of the mobile business. Looking ahead, one worldwide marketing launch is planned for the final quarter of fiscal 2022. The game, Merge Gardens, is a refreshed Futureplay aquarium title in the Merge genre. The worldwide launch of Magic Wars has been rescheduled to fiscal 2023 as we finalize the right outcome for our Russia studio, as previously referenced.
The new pipeline social casino title has also been rescheduled to fiscal 2023. These changes reflect our commitment to ensuring metrics support, strong UA investment, and will deliver successful launches for key titles. In terms of the broader pipeline, we have over 10 titles in active development for planned launches over the next few years. Going forward, we anticipate continued profitable growth in Pixel United, with a strong focus on further growing the product pipeline and accelerating our strategic momentum. Turning now to outlook for fiscal year 2022 on slide 18. Aristocrat plans for continued growth over the full year ending 30 September 2022, assuming no material change in economic and industry conditions, reflecting the following factors. Continued market-leading positions in gaming operations measured by the number of installed machines and fee per day.
Sustainable growth in floor share across key gaming outright sales markets globally, including new adjacencies. Growth in Pixel United bookings and profitability, with UA spend expected to be at the lower end of the historical range of 26%-29% of overall Pixel United revenues, given rescheduled new game launches. Continued D&D investment to drive sustainable long-term growth, with the investment likely to be modestly above the historic range of 11%-12% of revenue. Further investment in core business capability to facilitate ongoing transformation in our scale and velocity, and investment to support the RMG strategy. Non-operating expense assumptions are also set out on the slide, specifically relating to interest expense, amortization of acquired intangibles, and income tax expense. The group has entered the second half of the 2022 fiscal year with excellent fundamentals and strong operational momentum.
We have deepening resilience, broadening capability, and a balance sheet that continues to provide full strategic optionality. With that, I'll conclude the formal presentation and hand it back to the moderator to open the line for questions. For the benefit of others on the call, please limit yourself to two questions before rejoining the queue if you wish.
Thank you. If you wish to ask a question, please press star one on your telephone and wait for your name to be announced. If you wish to cancel your request, please press star two. If you're on a speakerphone, please pick up the handset to ask your question. Your first question comes from Matt Ryan from Barrenjoey. Please go ahead.
Thank you. I just had a question on the operating leverage that you're getting in North America, and I sense from your comments that you're sort of suggesting that a bit of that was from the higher participation balance. As we can see, the outrights grew quite a lot as well. Just curious on what you think drove such a big increase to the margin, and how sustainable you think that is going forward?
Yeah. Thanks, Matt. Appreciate that. I'll make a couple of comments and then Hector Fernandez, who's here, can make a couple as well. Well, first of all, you know, we took a position early in this period to take a long position on inventory, and so we've really focused on making sure that we have the availability and the position of inventory to support our pipeline and supply chain. I think there's also a mixed component to it as well, so a mix between gaming operations and for sale, and then also a mix within for sale segments as well. Some route markets are a little bit less profitable than others, but it's a balance in the mix from that perspective.
Strong customer relationships and partnerships that have been built from the post-COVID period as well that have made our relationship the way that we're working together around driving more value as opposed to just on price from a gaming point of view. I think the other point there is when you've got a portfolio as strong as we have in games, you've got cabinet leverage coming through with the new cabinets and new hardware coming through, it's been well received in the marketplace. Hector, you might just add some extra comments.
Yeah. Thank you, Trevor. Thank you, Matt, for the question. I mean, definitely, kind of to reiterate some of the things that Trevor talked about, it's really that investment in D&D that we continued throughout the COVID period. You have seen there's an industry report that came out today as well, and you see the strong performance of the product continue to be recognized industry-wide. Obviously, we also have continued elevated coin-in levels across the U.S. You would've seen some public data that GGR continues to be strong despite some of the inflation headwinds we talked about a few months ago. Overall, it's really the quality of the portfolio.
It's our ability to place You know, high fee per day product in the marketplace. Quite frankly, from a customer point of view, which Trevor talked about was the most important element of it, customers are recognizing the value that we're delivering to their business overall. Like we talked about a few months ago, far less of a transactional business, much more of a strategic partnership focused on long-term success.
Just to round that out, Matt, before we close out the question, we do expect to see some increased supply chain costs and logistics impacts in the second half, which will put a little bit of more pressure on margins in the second half as well.
Okay, thank you. Maybe a question for Trevor or for Mike. I was just curious on the guidance for Pixel United bookings to see growth. I assume that's over the full year. Maybe just dig into what you see changing throughout the remainder of the second half relative to, I guess, what we've seen in March and April and just any, I guess, big picture themes that you might be seeing, you know, given that it doesn't appear like you're going to see much of a benefit from new launches.
Yeah, I'll make some comments, and then Mike can probably dig into some of the relative performance of the subgenres, our house versus the market. I think first of all, you know, we've spoken about the COVID bump that we'd anticipated and have seen flow through from 2020 to now. You know, 2022 is half the 12 months to March 2022 is still 37% above the period to 2020, so it's still strong growth on a year-on-year basis. It's still a really relatively large market. We continue to believe that there's growth in that market. We don't believe that this is a systemic decline for the balance of the year. There was some softness in Q2 across the whole marketplace, but we don't believe that's systemic, and we think it's going to normalize in that mid-single digits ratio going forward.
At the same time, in both squad RPG and in social slots, we took share, which tells you that we grew ahead of the category, and we still believe that because of the content and the live ops and the features, that we're going to be able to continue that for the balance of the year. But Mike, you might add some more color.
Yeah. Thank you, Trevor. First of all, I think the core reason why I believe we will continue to grow is our focus on our franchise product and the live ops features and content that we're constantly creating within those products to gain share, as Trevor mentioned. I mean, you look at the results we had, you know, we grew at you know social casino at 10%, the market was going backwards. RPG strategy action, we grew close to 10%, the market went backwards. I think that's gaining share and really creating a differentiated experience for our consumers that is gonna continue to monetize the marketplace.
You know, in regards to the broader question around, you know, post-COVID, I think it's really interesting, yet clearly, you know, you look on a comp basis, it's on top of a very successful year last year. However, you know, relative to our competitors, relative to other digital players, for instance, in digital video streaming or other things that got really big bumps in COVID and then saw this huge drop over these last periods, we're still growing. It may not be growing at the rates of the 30%, 40% we saw in the past, but it's still growing. I think that shows not only the strength that we have within our diversified portfolio, but the ongoing demand that there will be in this market.
In regards to the pipeline, we still have a game that we are launching this summer, Merge Gardens, which we're excited about coming from our Futureplay acquisition. We think we're very well prepared then after with the 10+ games that are in our pipeline, that over time we'll be able to continue to drive new product like we've done over the last three or four years.
Thanks.
Thanks, Matt.
Thank you. Your next question comes from Adrian Lemme from Citi. Please go ahead.
Hi, Trevor. Thanks for taking my question. I just wanted to drill down a little bit on Mech Arena. It looks like it's annualizing at about $60 million in bookings so far. Just wanted to understand how the revenues have been growing as you've introduced enhancements like the Battle Pass and Pilots features over the last few months? Then do you see, you know, another step change in revenue down the track and how do you plan to get there? Thank you.
Yeah, thanks, Adrian. I'll hand it over to Mike. I mean, this is our first foray into the action genre. We've talked about RPG action and strategy. I believe we're quite well positioned in RPG with the number one game and being able to scale a game like RAID, but also build off the legacy of Vikings. This is our first entry into action. It's a more complex genre, but frankly, early signs and early downloads have been exciting from my perspective around the potential of this genre. That means we've got to keep working on it, both bringing in specific components that are required for action, but also developing, you know, some of the learnings that we've had from other games have been successful. Mike can give you some context of where we are on the journey with Mech Arena.
One thing just generally in the action segment to keep in mind is that the most successful big hit games are ones that came from the console and had established brands. We're starting out at the gate with no brand whatsoever as we're trying to build that. Again, in a genre that we've not operated in, which is much different in some ways, not only from a product standpoint, but a marketing standpoint in terms of the much broader audience. As a result, you know, we're very, very pleased with the results we've had to date. As we look going forward here, the potential is number one, the launch on Plarium Play, which we think again, will provide a more robust experience to the consumer.
Number two, we think there's an advertising opportunity in Mech Arena that we're, for the first time within Plarium, leveraging kind of across the portfolio, the expertise we have in our advertising into the Plarium organization.
Three, we've got some innovative marketing campaigns that are gonna hit most likely in the fall. There's more to come on that we think are a way that the more unique way to probably scale that game. Again, I do wanna set expectations. You know, we all have said that the comp here is a first entry into action. We'd be very pleased to have a game, you know, over $ 100 million in revenue, and we're still on target on an annualized basis, and that's still our goal as we look at this game going forward.
Thanks very much. That's very helpful. If I could ask a second question, please. Just trying to understand that the profile for international Class III leading into the pandemic, the earnings trajectory was, you know, sort of down in the sort of years leading into that. It's having a good recovery at the moment. Yeah, just wanted to understand how you see this recovery playing out? Is FY 2019 profitability, you know, a reasonable target for it to get to, or is something else changing the business, please?
Yeah, I think I'll hand to Hector, but I think the opening comment there, Adrian, is that these are a number of global markets that are reopening at different paces post-COVID and having different timelines and regulations that come around from it. Hector will give you some context as to how it looks for the half, but also some thoughts on what it looks like going forward.
Yeah, thank you, Trevor. Thank you, Adrian. Really, when you look at the international market like Trevor talked about, you almost have to look at country by country, region by region. If you start off in, obviously, Europe, and in the EMEA business, it was open, closed, open, closed as different kind of variants of COVID swept through the area. We've been very pleased what we have seen as more of the countries have opened up. The vast majority of our product is on now in the EMEA region. We're starting to see very positive signs of that recovery happening. If you look at Asia specifically, Macau still remains relatively closed. It's a very evolving situation.
It's very fluid, as all of us have read in the news, and therefore, we continue to watch that market. If you look at other parts of Asia, that has vastly reopened at a faster rate than Macau. As new openings and expansions have happened, we have seized on that opportunity to place our products there. We remain bullish on the international markets relative to the overall opportunity, but it is a bit bumpier than, call it, the U.S. that has remained, once it opened back up, remained largely open.
I think, Adrian, the key point in the half that drove the large step-up was the new openings in the Philippines. The two large new openings in the Philippines.
Yeah, understood. Thanks very much.
Thanks, Adrian.
Thank you. Your next question comes from Desmond Tsao from Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead.
Oh, hi, Trevor. My first question is just on the land-based side of the business. Again, sort of maybe sticking with outright sales, which was obviously a really strong performance in the half. I was keen to just get your thoughts around the split, in particular, the contribution in the half from some of the new adjacencies that you entered. Sort of trying to tie that back into that comment you made around mix shift across outright sales, and perhaps maybe the opportunity heading into the second half as well from some of these new adjacencies that you guys are about to enter into.
I'll give you some context for the half, and then so Hector can talk to the forward position. About 25% of the full-year numbers for the half were in new adjacencies. Sorry. The key adjacencies that were successful during that period of time were Illinois, continuing to build out Illinois, Washington CDS, a couple have continued to improve our performance in the area, plus some of the iGaming product as well. For the second half, Hector might talk to the new adjacencies that we're talking about entering, being HHR and New York lotteries.
Thank you, Trevor. Des, just to reiterate Trevor's point, we are starting to see traction in these new adjacencies. We've been talking about the need to continue to expand the total addressable market and where we play. We believe, given our content portfolio and the performance in other segments, that we could be successful there. The VLTs have really come on strong for us, particularly the Illinois market, where we have taken some significant share there. If you look at the second half, like Trevor talked about, there's two really exciting market opportunities for us. One, historical horse racing or HHR. That's roughly a just shy of a 20,000-unit TAM, which we launched in the first half, and early days of success around that market.
The second piece is New York Lottery, which we actually won one of the designations there. It is a market we have never participated in, primarily dominated by two of the incumbent competitors. That market is roughly about 15,000-16,000 units, and our plan is to enter that market in the second half.
Okay. Got it. Thanks for that. Second question is, maybe just around the Pixel business in particular, EverMerge. You know, I guess some of the recent data suggests performance has been softening. You know, obviously, there was clearly an impact from the IDFA changes. But yeah, just keen to get your thoughts around how you're thinking about EverMerge, particularly in light of, I guess, the lower UA spend guidance for the full year as well.
On EverMerge, you may remember in previous conversations we've talked about it's really the one game from a scaling standpoint that we have seen an impact in IDFA in the casual segment.
Driven a lot by the ineffectiveness of Facebook as a market platform, which we were highly reliant on. The team has been investigating other kinds of ways to scale it. It has been in the market for two years. You know, we also from a life cycle standpoint, believe that it's important that we start focusing on profits and having profitable growth in those games. You know, the game now is recently going into cumulative profit. We believe that the game over time will significantly have a long life, of which we will be able then to drive long-term profits out of that game. You know, I think we don't see a situation in which EverMerge is gonna scale significantly more than it is, but we don't see it dropping back.
We think we have a really good, stable, you know, core player base that will be able to drive profits in for a long period of time then.
Got it. Thanks, Mike.
Great. Thanks, Desmond.
Thank you. Your next question comes from James Fuller from Evans and Partners. Please go ahead.
Morning, all. You mentioned supply chain disruptions impacting costs and logistics. I just wanna see if, I mean, do you anticipate this to impact your ability to fulfill orders?
We've currently got. Like I said, we went long on it during the period. There are continuing logistics challenges which are emerging across global supply chains generally. We are still being able to meet new openings and meet the order profiles that we're working with our customers. It's a live dialogue, James, and we just have to stay close to them because the pipeline remains very strong. It's already strong for this half. We're just gonna have to manage it proactively with them.
Thank you. Secondly, on iGaming, reading your ambitions and medium-term targets, is it correct to say that the U.S. will be the focus for the first five years before you consider pursuing the global opportunity?
James, I think you've read it right. I wouldn't necessarily lock us into five years. We can see that there's opportunity to be part of the opening up of the US gaming market. As we said, three out of the six markets by early calendar 2023. As that legalizes, being able to open up to those markets. It wouldn't preclude us from going into Europe and other markets, but I wouldn't necessarily quarantine it to five years. We will be able to build the capability and technology and then scale it in North America and take it to other markets.
Great. Thank you.
Thank you. Your next question comes from Rohan Sundram from MST Financial. Please go ahead.
Hi, Trevor and team. Just the one from me. In land-based, how would you rate your forward visibility at the moment? In terms of the conversations you're having with your customers, how would that compare to, say, six months ago? How are they thinking about the consumer outlook and maybe your thoughts as well? Thanks.
Yeah. Thanks, Rohan. I think, first of all, reading the sentiment coming out of the US customers, they still seem to be confident going into this quarter. If you read the sentiment coming from the US customer base, that continues to be strong. You know, being in the U.S., I'd say that's consistent from my perspective and observations at this point in time. Hector can talk to you about visibility and pipeline.
Yeah, Rohan. Thank you for the question. We actually have a lot better visibility now than we did, call it, six, 12 months ago. We talked a little bit about capital allocation. Some customers were getting capital allocation one month and/or one quarter at a time. We're seeing the market recovery and customers getting capital allocation a year at a time now, which is good news for us. As we previously talked about this partnership and having more long-term deals in place, we have a lot better visibility now than we've ever had before.
Great. Thanks, Trevor and Hector. Thank you.
Thanks, Rohan. Thank you.
Thank you. Your next question comes from Alexander Mees from Morgans. Please go ahead.
Good morning, gentlemen. Congratulations on a great result. Two questions please. First one, just with regard to land-based gaming, the average selling price has been reasonably flat in North America year-over-year, despite very strong growth in volumes. Is that an issue of mix or are there other factors at play?
It's predominantly around mix. Introduction of new cabinets and also going into new markets and adjacencies, which may have a lower ASP. It's a mix, a bit of both.
Great. That's clear. Just secondly, the buyback that you announced will take you to roughly a neutral net debt position. I'm just wondering, given the current economic circumstances, what you see as the optimal gearing ratio for the business right now.
We don't disclose a gearing ratio, but we have been a conservative business to maintain optionality. I think where we sit as a consequence of the buyback, it really is neutralizing incremental cash the business is generating on an ongoing basis, allows us to continue to invest aggressively in our organic business to continue to drive growth and keeps our options open now for inorganic growth going forward. We don't disclose anything specifically, but I do think when you look at some of the multiples in the markets in which we're participating that are coming off and softening, having the strength of the Aristocrat balance sheet and the commitment to invest longer term around talent and people and technology is a strong position for us to be in.
That's, well made. Thank you very much.
Thanks, Alex.
Thank you. Your next question comes from Larry Gandler from Credit Suisse. Please go ahead.
Hi, guys. Commendations on your efforts in Ukraine there, doing some great work. My question relates to the previous question around liquidity. Trevor, $ 3.3 billion of liquidity is a lot of money and, as you say, the buyback's gonna neutralize the cash flow. Let me just think out loud here. Prior to your bid for Playtech, you know, investors were not entirely surprised that the direction of the acquisition would be real money gaming. That was the obvious strategy. Now, with your build and buy strategy in real money gaming, you know, I can't see how that's going to require $ 3.3 billion.
I guess what falls out of that is the question is, do you guys have a strategic interest for acquisition growth in maybe land-based or, mobile gaming? You know, not bolt-ons, but actually maybe doing large deals in those arenas.
Yeah, thanks, Larry. I appreciate the question. I won't get into the size or anything else, but our priorities at the moment are to buy scale and enter the RMG business. That remains pretty clear. We've been transparent about it with the Playtech deal, and it leaves us in a good position for that. What other genres or other sectors of the business we continue to pursue after that, we've continued. We've spoken about tuck-in and investment in the digital business to keep building our talent and pipeline. I won't preclude us from anything, to be honest with you.
We have the capacity, and as I said it earlier, with the multiples coming off in some of our competitive or some of the markets in which we operate, we have that reserve, that optionality. We have put the buyback in place to signal to our shareholders that we can still drive growth for them and return them through growth and dividends. At the same time, give them returns to shareholders and return the cash to shareholders so they get the best of both worlds, a growth company that is giving cash back to shareholders and still being confident about our growth going forward.
Can I just follow up with that? Is there any particular, you know, major area, say, in mobile gaming, like, you know, the merge category or any other particular category that you can identify a large player that, you know, you'd be prepared to acquire? Or is it just really just bolt-ons for games and studios?
Larry, I don't want to play forward our strategy too much. All I'd say to you is that we're active, and we know what we want. We know what we're looking for. We have, like we've done with our DNA for our land-based businesses, when we look at an adjacency, we look at where there's something that's got a, an attractive marketplace where we believe we can be successful, and we've got some skills and capabilities to enter it, and then we look to buy to accelerate that entry into that segment. I won't go into specific targets, but we are comfortable with the options that we have.
We're also gonna apply, like we've done with every M&A, the rigorous discipline that we have around the way we do our M&A at Aristocrat to make sure it's in the right interest in the medium to long term, and it also supports shareholders' objectives as well.
Okay. Understood. The other area I wanted to ask was Real Money Gaming. Just to be clear, it sounds like your initiative is you'll be supplying your own remote game server to an operator. If that's the case, we can expect for this initiative, perhaps the standard margins that fall out of that or maybe as an initial product launch, you know, the margins might be less. Maybe if you could just comment to that.
Yeah. Look, I'll hand over to Mitchell Bowen, Larry, if that's okay. I would suggest that the content as we see in our land-based business, our content does monetize well. I'll hand over to Mitchell Bowen just to make a couple of comments.
Thanks, Trevor. Excuse me. Thanks, Larry. Look, I think you're right, Larry. Originally, there'll be increasing organic investment in product and technology will be required in the build component. As we launch initially with a remote game server with two jurisdictions by the end of this calendar year, as we start to grow and scale, margins will increase.
Thank you. Your next question comes from.
Thanks, Larry.
David Fabris from Macquarie. Please go ahead.
Oh, hi, Trevor. Just thinking about D&D, I mean, the guidance that you've given implies there's gonna be a step ahead of that 12% average run rate in the second half. When we're looking into FY 2023, I mean, should we be assuming that it sticks above that 12% level? I guess it'd be nice to understand the level of investment that's going into that iGaming business and whether you can get back into that 11%-12% range in the next few years.
David, we believe investing 11%-12% on an annualized basis into D&D is a competitive advantage. It's above most industry benchmarks and competitors. The fact that we go slightly ahead of it this year, you know, modestly ahead of it, is a consequence of investing for both our organic businesses and also supporting the build aspects of the RMG business. You can assume that the 11%-12% is a fair forward investment, which has been consistent, which is what's driven the growth at Aristocrat for a number of years now, and we can continue to see that as a competitive advantage.
Yeah, I guess, but is there a change in profile given the fact you've now got iGaming in there as well, or does it still hold at 11%-12%, I guess, is the question?
We believe it's gonna be in the 11%-12% range, probably more towards the high end of that range. Where we've got ways to deploy organic investment to drive growth in the organic businesses, we'll continue to do those as a priority, whether it's entering a new adjacency in gaming or whether it's expanding talent pools and capability in digital and building games in the RMG sector.
Okay, that makes sense. Just another question, just thinking about that balance sheet. You know, you could look to get some leverage in there through the buyback, and hopefully we see some ongoing M&A. Can you talk about where you think the optimal level of leverage is for a business like Aristocrat?
It's probably best the shareholders' perspective of what that is. You've seen us go up to about 3.4x when we bought VGT, and we're quickly able to bring it back to within that 1.5x-2.5x range, which tends to be a sort of a range that Australian investors seem to be comfortable with. You know, this business has got strong cash flow generation and solid fundamentals, and we've got the ability to do what needs to be done. I won't get to a specific range as such. You can look at our history and assume that we're consistent with what our history is.
Got you. That's all for me. Thanks, Trevor.
Thanks, David.
Thank you. Your next question comes from Simon Thackray from Jefferies. Please go ahead.
Thanks very much, gentlemen. Just a couple of questions. I'm gonna try and tackle one that I think's been approached a couple of different ways. The targeted build-and-buy strategy for real money gambling. What's the way we think about the level of OpEx and CapEx over the next 12-24 months for the build rather than the buy phase? To help understand the sort of rollout, what's the sort of expectation for margin as we move through this five-year journey to the margins approach to, you know, land-based or digital-based? I'm just trying to get a bit of an understanding of investment in margin and where the margins are intended to end up at the end of the journey.
Yeah, look, it's not gonna be land-based margins because they're a pretty unique margin set. It's not necessarily gonna be digital margins. I'm not gonna answer the question specifically because we don't give margin guidance, but it's not gonna be at the level of land-based business. We are investing, as we've already said, to be modestly ahead of the 11%-12% in D&D, and we believe that we'll stay within that range or low towards the top end going forward. We're also building out the OpEx, and you see the guidance we've given there about continuing to invest in the capability, you know, particularly in our corporate cost and OpEx side. Our objective is to share more visibility of this with you next at the half next year.
This time next year, we'll be able to show that more context to it. What I would say to you is that we are confident in our ability to invest. We're also confident in the returns that we will get by investing, whether it's because of our customer relationships, whether it's around the content or the way that we're investing to develop the technology solutions. I really won't give you any more guidance than that, Simon, at this stage.
No, that's fine, Trevor. It's still helpful. Just one for Mike. I think just following up on the IDFA impact on EverMerge and, you know, noting the half-on-half decline in booking for EverMerge in social casual. How does this impact the thinking around the launch strategy for Merge Gardens then in summer for the second half? That's the first part. Then Mike, maybe just clarify the contribution to the delivered EBITDA margins in the half from the 7% lift in Plarium and Play revenues onto the Plarium and Play platform.
Okay. Yeah, in terms of Merge Gardens, I mean, we've learned a lot from the experience of EverMerge that we're applying. The other thing, too, I wanna reiterate is that we've got a world-class publishing organization at Plarium that has a tremendous track record in scaling games that is bringing that new expertise in regards to that. In particular, looking at more innovative ways of, within the marketing mix, like they've done with YouTube, I'd say probably in the future, TikTok and other, you know, vehicles like that, you're gonna see more and more of that as a vehicle that, we think could be very interesting. Again, there's still a lot to learn in that. I'd also say that game is also, much less of a pure casual game.
There's a lot of RPG elements to that game that's a little different, and that's gonna allow us to maybe get more sticky players at the end of the day, we think, because of that. Your question on Plarium Play, I won't get into specifics in the margin because probably Trevor will kick me under the table. Broadly, let me just say this, is that the fact that we are shifting off-platform is a really key strategic area with the company, not just within Plarium, but across the entire portfolio. We've seen great work by Joar Becker and the folks at Product Madness in terms of their ability to do that.
We think that's a strategic benefit to us, not just because it allows us to be commission-free, but it gives us even more direct access to data and relationships with those customers because they're coming directly to us. Quite frankly, in some cases, like for games like RAID and Mech Arena, it's even a more robust customer experience. At the end of the day, we're very pleased with the results we've had, and clearly that gives us more and more financial and strategic opportunities.
All right. Terrific. Thanks, gents.
Thanks, Simon.
Thank you. Your next question comes from Justin Barratt from CLSA. Please go ahead.
Hi there. Thanks for your time today, guys. My first question was just on the buyback. I appreciate that the program will be conducted on an opportunistic basis, but can you give us any timeframe as to when the buyback may complete, based on the current situation or current circumstances?
Yeah, we won't go into that. We've made a commitment that we'll do it. We'll do it diligently, and we'll do it with discipline. It'll be a consequence of both the market pricing and various other factors. We won't give any guidance about how long or when it's gonna be complete.
No problem. The other one, I just wanted to see, is there any, or can you provide us with any update on the process for appointing a replacement CFO?
Yeah, sure. We're in deep recruitment at the moment, and we're seeing a number of candidates, and we're continuing to progress. We feel confident about being able to attract and engage a great CFO in the business at the right point in time. When we do that, we'll definitely let the market know.
Fantastic. Thank you.
Thank you. Your final question comes from Ben Brownette from Jarden. Please go ahead.
Hi. Just wondering, Mike, if you could, I know that you don't wanna mention what you're gonna be doing in Russia, but I'm just wondering from a gameplay perspective, what happens if you can't make a decision on that soon, and the people that are in the Ukraine that are working at 70% of the pre-conflict output, when does that potentially start impacting your plans?
Well, in regards to Russia, as we've said, Trevor mentioned, we're really trying to finalize the right strategic solution for our Russia studio team, and we feel we have a path now to secure the Vikings title and launch Magic Wars next year, while really upholding all the legal and people obligations that are at the core of that. As you can appreciate, it's a very complex legal and political and, you know, there's people's lives involved in a lot of this. We really can't go into details at this point. I promise you, as soon as we do have more information, we will do on that. As of today, we feel we're on the right path to secure it.
In regards to Ukraine, I do wanna say one quick thing, is that yes, 70% isn't 100%, but it is an amazing accomplishment of the people there. I mean, again, the third anniversary being released only two weeks later than expected. It shows the testament of the kinds of people and their commitment to the company. It shows tremendous leadership by our team at Plarium as well as Product Madness. You know, it is an incredible accomplishment. Long term, though, we have a, as part of our business continuity plan, three things that we're doing. Number one is we're opening up studios in Poland, which we'll announce more. The reason Poland is it's a location that's close to Ukraine. That's where the people wanna be.
Number two, because the western part of the country is generally safer at this point, we're continuing to help those people in the west be able to have the opportunity to work and find the right environment to do so. Three, we're continually looking at our other strategic geolocations that we have of how they can supplement. You know, we've built significant capacity over the last year in Finland, as you know. We've also built a lot of capacity in Barcelona, where we have up to 100 people within a three-month period. I think we've really moved, pivoted very aggressively in still really great strategic locations, but that are outside of harm's way in regards to what's happening within Ukraine.
Understood.
All right. Thanks, Ben.
Thank you. There are no further questions at this time. I'll now hand back to Mr. Croker for closing remarks.
Yeah, thank you. Just being conscious of time, I'd now like to call the final proceedings to a close. On behalf of the broader Aristocrat team, we thank you for your ongoing interest in the company and wish you all a good day. For further follow-up, please engage with Linda and the IR team. All the best, and thank you for your time.
Thank you. That does conclude our conference for today. Thank you for participating. You may now disconnect.