Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to the Amadeus full year and fourth quarter 2022 presentation webcast. The management of Amadeus will run you through the presentation, which will be followed by a question and answer session. You can ask a question on the phone by dialing star one one on your telephone keypad at any moment during the presentation. I am now pleased to hand over to you, Mr. Luis Maroto, President and CEO of Amadeus. Please, sir, go ahead.
Good afternoon. Welcome to our 2022 fourth quarter results presentation. Thank you for joining us today. I'm joined by Till. I will start with an overview of our most important developments in the quarter until we elaborate on the key financial aspects. Let's start with slide four, please, for an overview of our performance in the video. The fourth quarter, global traffic continued to recover relative to 2019. In the last month of the year, according to IATA, global traffic reached 77% of December 2019 traffic, the best global monthly performance we have had in these times. The pace of air traffic recovery in the fourth quarter came at a slower pace than in the previous quarter. Nonetheless, we continue to see strong improvements in international traffic, with the highest progress from Asia-Pacific international traffic.
In the full year, the traffic reached almost 70% of 2019, with international traffic still at 60% and domestic traffic close to 80%. Demonstrated a lot of progress has been made, but also a good amount of recovery is still to materialize. In the traffic evolution, we saw in the fourth quarter growth Amadeus group revenue performance, which reached 87% of the fourth quarter of 2019 revenue, slightly higher than pre-year quarter. This revenue progress supported our EBITDA performance in the quarter, which reached 83% of our EBITDA in 2019, three points better than prior quarter. Adjusted profit reached 66% of 2019 levels. Finally, we have free cash flow generation in the fourth quarter of EUR 177 million, which allowed us to continue to deliver.
At December 31st, our leverage stood at 1.4 times last 12-month EBITDA. As we advance, last quarter, Amadeus is resuming shareholder remuneration in 2023. Please note that our board has determined the back gross dividend proposal of EUR 0.74 per share pertaining to our 2022 financial results and representing 50% of reported profit will be submitted for approval to our general shareholder assembly in June 2023. Finally, in the fourth quarter, Amadeus remains highly focused on its R&D activity to support the implementation projects of new customers and to advance in key strategic areas. As you know, we are investing in evolving our hospitality platform, expanding our Airline IT offering capabilities, continue to invest in NDC, and we are advancing in our shift to the cloud, among other important strategies. Please turn to slide five, as we may review this quarter evolution by segment.
Starting with our distribution, in the quarter, we signed 16 renewals of new distribution agreements, including with Ryanair. We signed a total of 65 in the year 2022. We continue to advance with our NDC strategy. We renewed our agreement with Aeroméxico, and Aeroméxico's NDC source content will be available on the Amadeus travel platform on the second half of 2023. On travel agency side, we expanded our partnership with Perportal to include the integration of NDC offers. We have further grown our presence in the leading global travel management company space. We have renewed and expanded our partnership with American Express Global Business Travel, and with BCD, with source incorporating Amadeus industry-leading NDC content and end-to-end workflow capabilities. To review our bookings evolution in the quarter, our performance reached 70.17% of 2019.
This was at par with quarter three as evolution in quarter four was impacted by higher negative working effects, particularly in October and December, and also by a higher cancellation ratio in December. Our gross daily booking performance continued to strengthen in quarter four over quarter three, improving by 2.8 percentage points versus the previous quarter. Our booking evolution was the result of the industry's evolution enhanced by our market share gains, which are enhancing our performance despite the negative region mix for Amadeus. In the quarter, Asia-Pac reported the highest volume performance improvement versus 19 relative to quarter three. We saw strong improvements in many markets in Asia, including Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. In the quarter, LATAM continued to be our best performing region.
Finally, to share what we are seeing more recently in terms of volume performance, both in January and the first weeks of February 23 compared to 19, our bookings performance has continued to improve and progress continues to be made. Please turn to slide six to review Air IT Solutions. We're pleased to announce a new partnership with Finnair to transform airline retailing with our next generation airline retail offering, bringing personalization and real-time insights to the adoption of Offer and Order products. In addition, in relation to the undisclosed customer announcements we made in Q2 2020, please note that this is only Finnair's domestic business migrating to Altéa. As you may recall, ANA International migrated to Altéa in 15. Only Finnair will be the commission its in-house PSS system. I will also implement new digital pricing and payment Amadeus capabilities.
We have had a number of selling wins in the quarter, including with TAP Air Portugal, Air Europa, and Iraqi Airways. In Airport IT, we continue to expand our reach through new agreements with British Airways, Qatar Airways, and with airports in North America and Asia-Pac. Moving to our volumes performance in the fourth quarter, passengers boarded reached 84.4% of 2019 levels, up 0.9 percentage points over the previous quarter. Our progress was slower due to the demigration of Russian carriers from our platform during the fourth quarter in 2022. Excluding inorganic impacts in the quarter, organic passengers boarded evolution improved by 2.4 percentage points versus quarter three, higher than the reported PBE evolution. By region, Asia-Pac and Middle East were the regions with the highest volume performance improvement in the quarter.
LATAM continued to be our best performing region, reporting 9.4% PV growth versus 2019. Again, to share some color on what evolution we have seen most recently with our passengers boarded into January and first half of February. As you can see, we continue to see good improvements in our performance. To recap on the implementation front, as you may recall, we implemented Air India in Q2 of last year, which covered over 20 million PVs pre-COVID. We are working at present to migrate ITA Airways, Allegiant, Hawaiian, Etihad, Olive Airways, and Bamboo Airways. These contracted customers together could carry an estimated 110 million PVs annually in our recovery scenario. Of this, we reasonably expect 70 million run rate PVs to be implemented by the end of this year.
As I was saying earlier, please remember Russian carriers were migrated from our platform last quarter due to the current geopolitical situation, and they together carried circa 35 million PVs pre-COVID. Please turn to slide seven for an update on our hospitality segment. In the fourth quarter, hospitality and other solutions revenue was 3.6% higher than revenue in the fourth quarter of 2019, representing a four points improvement from prior quarter. Hospitality, which generates the majority of the revenues, in this segment, reported enhanced performance across its revenue lines, supported by new customer implementations. We also saw continued interest from customers contracting from solutions across our hospitality portfolio during the quarter, including Van der Valk Hotels, Fontainebleau Las Vegas, and Sonesta International Hotels Corporation.
Finally, with regards to our payment business, we were pleased to announce in November of last year that Amadeus has applied for a new money license to the Banco de España. Amadeus's existing payment business became Outpayce, a fully owned subsidiary of Amadeus. With this, I will now pass on to Till for further details on our financial performance in the quarter.
Thank you, Luis. Hello, everyone. Please turn to slide nine to review our revenue performance during the period. In the fourth quarter of 2022, our group revenue was 12.9% below its level in Q4 2019, advancing slightly from prior quarter. In air distribution, revenue in the quarter was 21.8% below 2019, primarily driven by the bookings evolution Luis has described and by a revenue per booking, which was 9.1% higher than 2019. The higher revenue per booking in the fourth quarter of 2022 versus 2019 was due to several effects, including various positive pricing impacts coming from combination of inflation and yearly price adjustments, incremental deals, renewals and others, and positive foreign exchange rate effects.
Thirdly, these effects were partly offset by a still higher rate of local bookings than in 2019, produced by the mix of domestic and international traffic that we still have today. For the full year 2022, Air distribution revenue per booking grew by 6.8% compared to 2019, impacted by the same effects I've just described for the quarter. With regards to Air IT Solutions, revenue in the quarter was 6.9% below 2019, driven by the PV volumes evolution, coupled with a 10.2% higher revenue per PV relative to 2019. The increase in the revenue per PV in the quarter versus 2019 was fundamentally driven by, firstly, positive pricing impacts, which were partially offset by mix effects.
Secondly, by a proportion of Air IT revenues not linked to PVs, reporting stronger growth rates than PVs. Thirdly, by positive foreign exchange rate effects. In the full year, revenue per PV increased by 11.4%, supported by, firstly, revenues not linked to PVs outperforming PVs. Secondly, positive pricing impacts, partially offset by mix effects. Thirdly, again, a positive foreign exchange rate impact. Regarding hospitality and other solutions, revenue in the fourth quarter was 3.6% above 2019, now on positive growth versus 2019.
At hospitality, the quarter-on-quarter performance improvement versus 2019 was seen across its revenue lines. Revenue growth in the quarter was also supported by positive FX effects. Within hospitality, in hospitality IT, several areas reported enhanced growth rates, including among others, sales and event management, service optimization, and Amadeus CRS revenues supported by new customer implementations. Media distribution revenues continue to advance, backed by stronger growth rates in media transactions. Business intelligence also progressed, driven by new customer implementations. In the full year, hospitality and other solutions revenue was 4.2% below 2019, impacted by the effects of the pandemic, but with quarter-on-quarter performance improvements versus 2019 through the year. Please now turn to slide 10 for a review of our EBITDA evolution versus 2019.
In the fourth quarter of 2022, our EBITDA amounted to EUR 398 million, 17.3% lower than in 2019 and 3.2 percentage points ahead of prior quarter's performance. The EBITDA performance versus 2019 resulted from, firstly, the revenue evolution explained before. Secondly, lower cost of revenue than in 2019 by 18.5% linked to our booking volumes evolution in our hospitality business. Thirdly, a 4.9% decrease in our combined personnel and other OpEx cost line compared to 2019. In the full year 2022, EBITDA amounted to EUR 1.64 billion, 26.5% below 2019.
If we exclude the EUR 51 million non-refundable government grant received in the second quarter of the year, EBITDA amounted to EUR 1.589 billion, 28.8% below 2019, resulting from the revenue evolution described, the cost of revenue decline impacted by lower volumes, and a 5.8% reduction in our combined personnel and other operating expenses cost line relative to 2019. Now to zoom into our fixed cost evolution, we will focus on the change relative to 2021. Please remember we completed our cost optimization program in 2021, and thus there are no more associated implementation costs in the P&L in 2022. We continue to remove these from the 2021 P&L for comparison purposes with 2022.
Our P&L fixed costs in the fourth quarter of 2022 compared to the same quarter last year were 17.5% higher. Excluding negative foreign exchange rate effects, our P&L fixed costs grew by 14.3% in the quarter. This cost evolution resulted from an increase in, firstly, R&D investment, as Luis described. Secondly, non-R&D spend, like travel and training amongst others, driven by the business expansion relative to prior year, all impacted by higher inflation than in previous years. For the full year, removing the positive effects from the government grant in Q2, our P&L fixed costs were 16.2% higher or 11.8% if we exclude negative FX effects. The evolution resulted from, firstly, higher R&D investment and secondly, growth in other cost lines driven by business expansion, again impacted by higher inflation levels than in prior years.
Taking together P&L fixed cost and CapEx in 2022, excluding the positive effect of the government grant in Q2, we had 13.7% ex FX growth within the 10%-14% ex FX fixed cost growth range expectation we had for the year. As commented before and during last year, we are on the higher side of this range, largely due to effects linked to higher inflation and energy costs, which were difficult to foresee back in February 2022, when we provided the cost range. To review the evolution below the EBITDA line briefly, in the fourth quarter of 2022 compared to 2021, D&A expense was broadly stable with higher amortization expense from internally developed assets offset by lower depreciation expense from a reduction in hardware investment, largely driven by our shift to cloud.
Net financial expense decreased, driven by an increase in financial income and exchange gains. Interest expense was 11.4% higher, caused by a higher average cost of debt relative to last year despite a lower dovish stance. Our income tax rate in Q4 2022 was 21.4%. Comparatively, in 2019, the tax rate was considerably lower, driven by regulatory changes as described at the time. This income tax rate increase slows down adjusted profit growth, absent which performance in Q4 versus 2019 improved relative to Q3.
In the full year, adjusted profit amounted to EUR 742 million, 41.2% below its level in 2019 or 44.3% below 2019 if we exclude the government grant in Q2. Please turn to page 11 to review our cash flow evolution. I will start with CapEx. In the fourth quarter of 2022, our CapEx increased by EUR 17 million or 11.5% compared to the same quarter in 2021, and by 23.1% in the year 2022, driven by higher capitalized R&D investment. R&D investment grew by 23.5% in the quarter versus 2021, and by 29.2% in the year, in line with our expectations to support, firstly, customer implementations. Secondly, our hospitality platform. Third, enhancing our airline IT solutions offerings.
As a fourth point, our NDC-related solutions and capabilities. Fifth, our partnerships with Microsoft, including the migration to cloud. With regards to free cash flow, excluding cost saving program implementations costs paid, we generated EUR 179 million in the fourth quarter. Our free cash flow generation in the fourth quarter of 2022 equals 81% of free cash flow in the fourth quarter of 2019. This evolution is fundamentally explained by our EBITDA evolution. Free cash flow generation in Q4 was slower than in Q3, primarily due to the quarterly seasonality of volumes, which generates quarterly EBITDA seasonality and also seasonality of cash backs payments.
For the full year 2022, we generated EUR 834 million of free cash flow, excluding cost saving program implementations costs paid, which in turn amounts to EUR 783 million excluding the government grant received in Q2. To recap on 2022 from a financial perspective, we are pleased Amadeus has reported positive profits for the full year now. We have free cash flow generation quickly approaching pre-COVID levels. We are pleased to report that Amadeus is back again within its target leverage range of one to 1.5 times net debt to EBITDA, and we are resuming ordinary shareholder remuneration this year. With this, we've now finished the presentation on our 2022 results, and I will pass back to Luis for our views for 2023. Please turn to slide 13.
Thanks, Till. As you have seen, in 2022, significant progress was made towards recovery. We are still at a point where we see degrees of uncertainty in the very immediate term, making it difficult to narrowly forecast our evolution for 2023. I'd like to discuss broadly how our P&L and cash flow generation may evolve in the year in a specific global air traffic scenario. Please bear in mind, we still see moving parts that could influence the outcome. Recently, this traffic scenario has not materialized. This note, this broad consideration may not be valid. 2023, as you might expect, our results will be largely dependent on air traffic. IATA currently forecast 21.1% global air traffic growth for 2023 over 2022.
In this scenario, with global air traffic growing 21.1, we estimate our group revenues could grow in an approximate range of 20%-22.5% over prior year. This growth will result from our segment evolutions. In air distribution, we see our revenue growth supported by continued search gains and an expansionary revenue per booking. In our IT, our revenues will grow driven by the PB evolution, which will be supported by customer migrations from 2022 and 2023. As PBs grow, our revenue per PB will continue its trend of slowly declining. In hospitality and other solutions, our revenue will grow on the back of volume growth and new customer additions across our portfolio. With this level of revenue growth, we expect our EBITDA margin to continue to expand. Our P&L fixed costs will continue to grow in the year.
This cost growth will be compensated by operating leverage from volume growth, allowing for margins to expand. In regards to free cash flow, we expect CapEx to continue to grow, although at a slower pace than last year, and cash taxes should increase over prior year as taxable income results continue to improve. This EBITDA evolution in this specific traffic scenario, coupled with these CapEx effects, should support cash flow generation in a range of EUR 1 billion-EUR 1.5 billion in 2023. I will now pass on to Till for additional color.
Thank you, Luis. First, let me give you some color on our P&L fixed cost evolution expectations for 2023. In this traffic scenario, and with the information we have today, we expect P&L fixed costs to grow, driven primarily by our R&D efforts focused on delivering on our customer implementations and to continue to invest in all our key strategic areas. We also continue to expect high inflation. From these two effects, we expect P&L fixed costs to grow in a range between 7%-10% in the full year over our 2022 P&L fixed costs, excluding the government grant received in 2022. Additionally, this year, we are going to start to have cloud R&D and processing costs weighing in a bit more on the P&L side.
I will elaborate on this shortly, therefore, including this effect as well, our P&L fixed cost growth in 2023 should range between 10%-14% over 2022, excluding the government grant received in 2022. Please note this cost growth in 2023 from a quarterly perspective will be higher in the first half of the year and slower in the second half. In relation to our migration to the cloud, we continue progressing well, and the project is well underway. As you may recall, in February 2021, we announced this project and that it would take us around three-five years to complete. As we said at that time, this process requires incremental R&D efforts and involves a small shift of CapEx to OpEx.
The shift of CapEx to OpEx comes from lower tangible CapEx required for hardware and software investments at our own infrastructure in exchange for higher OpEx cloud processing costs from the use of an external provider or public cloud. The long-term effect on our P&L from having made this shift will also be a small negative contribution to our EBITDA margin evolution, with a positive contribution to our EBIT margin evolution. Furthermore, to complete the full view on this project comparatively to before, we will benefit from all the advantages cloud brings, its modern tools and functionalities. In 2023, this is the first year we will see higher cloud costs, both R&D and cloud processing, weigh in more in our P&L as a sign we are advancing in the shift.
We expect, therefore, a fixed cost increase in association to this project in 2023 and also in 2024 versus the prior year, both in this type of low to mid-single digit growth range. We also expect a P&L cost decline associated to this project when we complete our cloud migration into 2025 or 2026. Moving on to other topics. With regards to our segment margins in the IATA traffic scenario, we see the contribution margin at air distribution and air IT solutions expanding, benefiting from operating leverage as volumes grow. We see the contribution margin in 2023 at hospitality and other solutions diluting slightly, resulting primarily from business mix evolutions we expect in 2023, as well as from business expansion in payments.
The cloud related costs increase I was referring to before will come through in the indirect cost caption in the segment reporting. As a final point, to offer some clarity on inorganic PB evolution into 2023, please remember that Russian carriers have demigrated from our platform and these contributed approximately 25 million PB in 2022. On the positive side, we have firstly, first the 2022 Air India migration lapping in Q2 2023. Plus secondly, all the migrations taking place in 2023 that Luis has already mentioned. Depending on traffic and final migration dates, we should expect roughly an incremental 45-55 million PB from these 2022 and 2023 migrations in 2023. With that, back to Luis now for final remarks.
2022 has been a strong year for Amadeus. We have seen substantial volume recovery and from a business perspective, we have had solid commercial success. We remain very focused on the future and on capturing the growth opportunity ahead. We therefore remain disciplined in our investment programs. We are optimistic about the year and beyond about continued progress in the travel industry recovery. At this point, particularly regarding international traffic and the Asia Pac region, and about how our financial performance will continue to advance with volume recovery, generating stronger margins and free cash flow generation. Thank you. With this, we have finished the presentation and are ready to take any questions you may have.
Ladies and gentlemen, the Q&A session starts now. If you wish to ask a question, please press star one one on your telephone keypad. Thank you. The first question comes from Adam Wood from Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead.
Hi. Good afternoon, Luis. Good afternoon, Till. Congratulations on a strong end to the year. Can I just ask, first of all, a question on the gross profits? We've obviously been running at unusually high levels for a couple of years because of the mix of the business changing. It feels like in 2022, with gross profit at 75.5%, we're more in line with where the run rate was prior to COVID. Are there any kind of big moving parts in 2023 that would move that gross profit margin materially from where we saw it in 2022? Or is that a good base to think about for this year? Secondly, the benefits that you get from the project coming in a few years' time. Obviously, you know, you're looking to be a growth company.
There's lots of R&D projects that you'd be looking to work on. Should we expect that to be reinvested back in the business, or do you think that could actually, those benefits could flow through to the bottom line? Thank you.
Okay, let me start off with your, with the gross margin question first. We have given you obviously a fixed cost indication, because there we've got a very clear view in terms of the evolution of the gross margin. As I said, I do expect overall that the distribution business and also the Air IT business, at contribution margin level, will evolve positively.
The evolution of gross margin, is depending upon business mix eventually, and, between the different segments and also within the hospitality segment.
I mean, just to add, Adam, I mean, as you said, depending on the business evolution, and if we come back closer to the 2019 mix, of course, there could be a progressive movement towards the same logic and the same margins as you are mentioning. Okay. It will depend again, how things are recovering and what is the final business mix.
The second question on the benefit that we've got at the end of the cloud migration from obviously at the moment we are carrying double cost and once the migration is completed, this element will fall away. As we said before, obviously, and you made the point in terms of the opportunities we've got to invest into R&D and progress with further projects. As we said before, we would like to invest, reinvest those things into future growth.
It's very clear. Thank you very much.
Okay.
Thank you. The next question comes from Alex Irving from Bernstein. Please go ahead.
Hi. I think that's me. Good morning, gentlemen. three from me, please. First of all, we've seen rising NDC penetration over the last couple of years and increasing disclosure from IATA around the penetration that is in the agency channel. Could you please tell us what your share of NDC bookings is today and how you expect that to evolve over the course of 2023? Second, staying on NDC, clearly we've seen one large U.S. carrier announce plans to withdraw 40% of its content from EDIFACT channels from April. What impact has that had on demand you're experiencing from agents in the North American region? Finally, ONE on ONE Order. Clearly you have the partnership with Finnair. Great to hear more about that. More broadly, have you detected a meaningful uptick in airlines exploring order management systems with you?
How do you expect your development investment in this space to evolve over the next 12 months, please?
Okay. Let me try to cover. I don't know if I understood the last question of Finnair, but I will try to cover probably related to our announcement of what we are doing with them. Look, with regards to NDC overall, I mean, you know it's an strategic priority for us. We have been investing. We are in the process of implementing that. We have implemented already airlines and travel agencies, but this is a continuous process and progress. In 2022, it was very small % of our bookings, a % of the total. We expect that to increase. Of course, it will depend on the adoption that we are working with our partners. It's difficult to give you an specific number.
Of course, as we are, as the starting point is low, we should see an improvement. Still, I would say, look, this is an ongoing project that will take years, and we'll work with our partners to really be part of what is needed to really push for NDC. So overall, pleased with the evolution, pleased with the performance. Still very low volumes. Yeah, we expect increase in 23, but still not to be a huge amount of volumes compared to our total. With regards to, and this also impacts what you mentioned about carriers, okay? Whatever carriers that have different alternatives, we are working with them closely.
Again, this is not new to really convince them or tell them that our capabilities are better than any other alternative, as we always do. This is part of our discussions we have worldwide, including the U.S. With regards to Finnair, it's an evolution of our current technology, okay? Our current Altéa, which is moving more to what is called as a project order management, Offer and Order. It's an initiative led originally by IATA. It's an evolution of the capabilities that you have. Again, this is an long-term project where we have embarked and, Finnair will be our first customer, but not the only one, where we are doing together an evolution to really have a much better flows and technology moving forward. It's more sophisticated.
It will evolve our current way of dealing with things like ticketing, PNR, you know, all these kind of things that happen in the industry for long. It's a natural evolution. In my view, will take years. Happy with this. Again, Finnair has been the first one to really jump into this project, we would expect more airlines to do so. For us, it's positive. It's a further sophistication of the technology as we always do, as we spoke about NDC, and happy and ready to really invest with our customers to support their growth and their evolution.
Thank you.
Thank you. The next question comes from Sven Merkt from Barclays. Please go ahead.
Great. Good afternoon. Thank you for taking my questions. Maybe first on the fixed cost guidance for 2023, what drives here the high and the low end? I guess it's not necessarily correlated to the high and low end of the revenue guidance, but would you manage cost towards revenues, or what else will drive the low or the high end of the cost guidance? Secondly, on the revenues per booking, this is expected to increase for 2023, but can you give us an update where you see this in the long term, considering the impact of pricing mix and especially NDC? Thank you.
In terms of the range of our fixed cost, it's not linked to the to the revenue scenario. It is obviously driven by factors, again, as I mentioned, the R&D side that we are investing into, equally the inflationary environment that we are, that we are in. We obviously have got a certain view on this.
I've equally given you the element of what I expect from our cloud migration and the processing cost. You've got certain elements that actually will move or are not set in stone as we enter the year right now. Therefore, also if we've got certain opportunities to obviously invest and accelerate certain things, we felt comfortable of operating with that range, which is composed of R&D, the higher inflation, and what we've now this time around highlighted is the cloud migration and processing cost. This comprises the range. In terms of revenue per booking, again, positive evolution that we've seen in the fourth quarter and for the full year. There is again in the fourth quarter and also the full year, a little bit of an FX impact.
I've highlighted that, we've got underlying positive pricing evolution, which is true. There's still a small negative in terms of the booking mix. Again, as we now look forward, of course, I expect that the underlying positive pricing evolution that we've seen in this year is there to stay. FX, we're gonna do whatever it gonna do. Booking mix, I would hope is recovering further as a positive. Therefore, overall, these are the key drivers that were gonna give you the answer to that. I would be, again, we've seen good evolution in this year, and I would also expect that those elements hold true for 2023.
Great. Thank you.
Thank you. The next question comes from Toby Ogg from JPMorgan. Please go ahead.
Yes. Hi. Thank you for taking the question. A couple from me. Maybe just back on the margins. I just wanted to focus on the GDS contribution margin, specifically those came in at 45%. You know, already sort of, you know, back to the 2019 levels. Obviously, we've had various developments since then, including the cost savings, inflation and so on. How should we think about the longer term opportunity for contribution margin expansion in the GDS business? Second question, just on the revenue guidance. You've obviously mentioned the IATA forecast of 21% there as the baseline assumption. How should we think about, you know, translating that into Amadeus' own air bookings recovery within that?
As clearly, you know, IATA, has various different factors in there like China and sort of low-cost carriers, which can also have an impact on the GDS growth. Thank you.
Take the first question in terms of the evolution of the air distribution margin. We have highlighted before as well that we took advantage during our cost saving program in 2020 and 2021, as our most mature business, to streamline the cost structure in there. This is where you can now see together with the pricing evolution in the segment, that actually contribution margin is already reaching the 2019 levels. Now, we've taken obviously a big part of that in the past due to the cost saving program already and created that operating leverage. Therefore, I would say, benefit largely taken. Now it depends upon mix effects, again, pricing evolution and so on and so on.
Second one you want to take, or?
The revenue guidance in terms of IATA, you've got between IATA's RPK, on, and our numbers obviously are several factors that we've spoken about before. This is a difference in footprint in terms of China domestic. You've got also the different exposure in terms of low-cost carriers. And of course, you've got also an element of disintermediation, which we've had also in the years before. Again, we've used the IATA figures and the IATA RPK figures as the best available indicator from an air traffic point of view, leading as well or as the primary driver also for our business segments. This is why we've chosen this particular scenario and based our guidance on it.
Great. Thank you.
Thank you. The next question comes from Charles Brennan from Jefferies. Please go ahead.
Hi. Great. Thanks for taking my questions. I've got a couple if I can, actually. Firstly, can you just say a few words about the hospitality segment, particularly what aspects of the business are dropping away in 2023 that lead to the margin dilution? Then maybe, can you just say something about the pipeline for new customers? Then secondly, you've given us a fair amount of detail on the cost base for 2023. I'm just trying to get my head around what it means for 2024 as well. If we've got 3%- 4% of incremental cost growth coming through from the cloud project, does that mean that 2024 is another year of double-digit cost growth overall? Thank you.
Let me take hospitality first. Yes. I mean, look, in hospitality, as you know, we have many different products, many different lines. I will take one example. I mean, the bookings on our distribution, as you know, are part of our hospitality business, hotel bookings. Hotel bookings are growing. Of course, apart from the natural growth, they also grow when the GDS is recovering and the traffic is also recovering. Therefore, we expect a strong growth of these bookings in 2023.
These bookings are very good in terms of growth of revenues and in terms of margin. They have incentives associated with that as we have with our bookings, and therefore, the margin of the bookings is lower than in other lines of the business where you have incentives. This happens with part of our business when we deal with media and AI. The mix expectation for next year overall in hospitality, I mean, we expect a healthy growth, again, as we have got this year, but some areas of the business are going to have faster recovery because they were more impacted during the pandemic than others or because of the business mix. Therefore, from our revenue growth, we feel very comfortable.
From a mix, growth, there is an impact of this mix that will have an impact on our margin. Again, it was mentioned in the call, but we also report our payment business that has also, a very strong growth. It's faster growing. It's smaller, in terms of the, size, but the fact that it's growing faster than hospitality is also having a mixed effect. It's, it's mainly a mixed effect of the within the segment than really, something else. I mean, it's not that there is some of the margin because the business is growing very healthily in the different lines. Of course, we have a strong pipeline. We have had a good year.
I know we focus often in one specific part, which is the CRS, where we announced the deal with Marriott, and we keep focusing there to really have additional customers. But the growth that we have had and the growth that we expect in the revenues is the result partially of the recovery, as it was also impacted, but not so much as the rest of our businesses. The rest is mainly adding additional customers. We had a good year in terms of customer signatures of our different businesses, and therefore, this should come on top of the organic growth in 2023. Again, coming back to the CRS, yes, we talk to customers. We keep evolving, implementing the customers that we have.
Again, we hope that this will also generate revenues in the short and medium term. But overall, this is a business that has a good commercial traction in many areas that I described before.
In terms of 2024 and kind of the thinking in terms of cost, obviously you were gonna have inflation and we expect obviously that inflation is gonna go down. Overall, I would just say, we expect kind of cost growth to moderate.
Great. Thank you. Thank you. The next question comes from Michael Briest from UBS. Please go ahead.
Yes, good afternoon. Thank you. two from me as well. So Luis, on the PSS side, I don't think I saw a new customer mentioned in the press release today, and I think only one last quarter. Apologies if that's not quite correct. Can you talk about the pipeline of new logos as opposed to sort of expanding your footprint in existing customers? Particularly in the U.S., do you see any opportunities in 2023? Till, just on the cost side, you know, I'm pleased to see the 10%-14%, but a little surprised because if I think about last year, in the first half of 2022, your average headcount was flat on 2021, and you've added 8% to your headcount through the course of the year.
As you mentioned, inflation reared its head in early to mid 2022. A lot of companies see it as more of an issue this year. I'm just wondering, are you gonna slow hiring this year? Because I would have expected maybe inflation and headcount would mean cost increases would be higher or that there's something else in the fixed cost I'm not aware of. Thanks.
Okay. Look, for PSS, I don't know what we have announced. The latest deals, of course, we announce when we can or when we have deals, Michael. Look, we look forward to really keep signing, not just, you know, getting upselling, but also signing new customers. I mean, I think we had an exceptionally good 2022 with the number of customers that we are now implementing. Hopefully, this will continue. Again, the U.S., of course, will love to really have additional customers as we have had in the past. This is our focus. More than that is difficult to say. Of course, we are engaging with everyone. We are close to them.
We work with some of the big customers in the U.S. for some pieces of our technology, not for the core PSS. We would like to convince them to work with us in the future. But again, as I always say, prospects are one thing and contracts is another thing. We have relationship with many customers around the world, but until we are able to really have something concrete, it's very difficult to be specific here. Again, we are happy with the performance. We are pleased with the evolution of the business, and this business requires ongoing sales and contracts. Some years are more intense than others. Hopefully we will keep going in 2023 as we have in 2022.
Michael, on the cost side, we ramped up resources obviously throughout last year in order to support the customer implementations and the R&D focus points. It did ramp up more in the second half, which again, as I said before. This is a driver also for 2023 costs because you've got the carryover of and the annualizing effect of those resources as we see. This is literally kind of the answer to the headcount evolution. Bringing it back, you've got those three elements, R&D investment, inflation across our cost base and the new element, which is now weighing in more visibly, which is the cloud cost, which includes migration and processing costs.
Just to add, one comment. I mean, and you have seen in the margins of our businesses and our e-evolution for 2023. I mean, again, the majority of our increase in the fixed cost, apart from the inflation and everything that Till qualified, I mean, is in areas where we expect, you know, further growth. That's why. I mean, of course, does not mean that we don't expect that in the distribution business. I mean, the requirements of investments overall have been less, and we have there a strong operating leverage. In some areas that are newer or where we are investing or where we are migrating customers is where we are putting our R&D efforts.
This is why you see different margin evolution depending on the growth potential and on the speed of recovery.
Thank you.
Thank you. The next question comes from Nooshin Nejati from Deutsche Bank. Please go ahead.
Hi. Thanks for taking my questions. Three for me, please. The revenue per PBE had a big jump in Q4. Can you quantify the impact of pricing compared to other factors? How should we think of this impact going forward, and what would be the saving of any decline here? You mentioned the 70 million PBE run rate by end of 2023. Can you tell us how we should think about the saving of this as well? My last question. When I look at Western Europe, I'm wondering what is your observation over there? Why do you think it is so behind other regions still? Do you see a fundamental change in behavior here, or what are the main factors for it to be so behind? Thank you.
Let me start with the revenue per PBE evolution. We obviously had a positive evolution, as you say. I highlighted that there's a positive FX impact, which is a little less than it was actually in the third quarter. Underneath we've got, again, we've got mix effects, but we've got also there a very clear positive pricing evolution, which I've described from, again, in inflationary price increases, upselling, and incremental deals that have been coming through in there. These are the key components of the positive revenue per PBE evolution. I didn't understand you had a run rate question on passengers boarded. Do you mind repeating that, please?
You mentioned the 70 million PBE run rate by end of 2023, if I'm correct. I was just wondering how should we think about this?
For, for 2023, you would be in essence needing to think of an additional EUR 45 million-EUR 55 million PBE due to the implementations that are gonna come in a phased way.
All right. Sorry, on the first question, I was just wondering how much of the pricing impact you're seeing. Can you quantify the pricing impact on the revenue per PBE and how we can carry it into 2023? Like, I'm wondering how we should think of any sort of decline going forward.
Look, it is. Let me put it like that. Within that price increase that we are seeing, it is a very important element. Okay?
All right. Got it.
I'm sorry. We are trying to understand the last question.
Oh, no worries.
Yeah, yeah. That's the reality. Western Europe, we have seen the recovery. I mean, we see some impacts, especially in some countries. I would say everything that is around Russia. I mean, we see these countries having an impact there. Yes, overall Western Europe is not performing as other regions. Look, it is what it is. More than that, I mean, we cannot say. We expect this to keep recovering. It is also true that in Western Europe, and you have seen from the figures, I mean, the low-cost carriers have had a very strong recovery compared to the full-service carriers. I'm talking here on the GDS. Therefore, on the GDS front, it has had an impact of recovery.
Hopefully, there will be a further recovery in that part of the world. I would say there's an impact of further or fastest growth of low-cost carriers. That has happened worldwide, but, very specifically too in Western Europe, much more. The second impact, I think the war is having an impact, more than in other parts of the world in areas around Russia. We have seen some countries around that with worse performance of other countries.
Understood. Thank you.
Thank you. The next question comes from Victor Cheng from Bank of America. Please go ahead.
Hi, Luis. Hi, Till. Congrats on the solid quarter. Three if I may. Just going back thinking about IATA 21% growth for this year, how should we think about that relative to not just distribution, but also in PBE's evolution this year. I think obviously you have mentioned earlier because of the Max and China as well, but can you give us a bit more context around that? Secondly, on the bookings performance year-to-date, clearly that has improved massively versus Q4. Can you give us some color on what is driving it? Is corporate driving recovery? Where do we see corporate levels versus leisure right now?
Lastly, you know, I understand NDC is still very low volumes, but can you help us understand your latest perspective on unit economics on NDC bookings, both on top line and margins? Thank you.
Okay. Let me start with some color, then if you feel you can add more. I mean, look, the way we work again, I mean, you have seen historically with IATA, okay? We take into account in this case China, of course, because in the this is having an impact. We have the impact of disintermediation. We plug our market share expectation for the year. With that, okay, these are the main impacts. You arrive to the booking estimation as you do. More or less we are doing as we do every year. Of course, we have also the bottom up and the input from the commercial organization. Therefore we reach a range.
This is not different from what we have done in the past. In the PBs, it's a bit different because, of course, we have the list of PBs per airline. The mix is different, and we take into account that plus the migration. Look, using IATA is always a good reference for us. Of course, things may evolve, and we will adapt to that, this is mainly as we have done in the past. We are used to this reference, and it has been a reliable one, of course, considering the mix impact that we have. When we talk about evolution in January and February, look, January was...
We started with the year, of course, difficult to read what is going on with holidays always, but we started weak, and then we have seen an improvement. Improvement has been across the board. Of course, the fact that Asia is coming back in some countries in Asia has got a strong performance. And it's a kind of moving back to more normality in terms of mix. International traffic was also positive, because at the beginning, as you know, was very much focused on the U.S. domestic was the first one. Leisure versus business overall has been coming back and recovering more towards, you know, the pre-pandemic, in terms of leisure versus business and in terms of international versus domestic.
As more countries open and we have more, you know, more growth, that has been the reality. Still saying that, as I mentioned before, low-cost carriers have benefited more, but again, we see also full service carriers coming strongly in this part of the year. Still a bit early, that's why, I mean, as we have seen a weak beginning of January and a strong second part and beginning of February, we are a bit careful and cautious about how things may evolve because we have seen that in the last year with some months very strong, some of the months weaker, and we are a bit prudent about how this may evolve in the future. It's true that we have seen a strong recovery in the month of February. I don't know if.
I can just add to the corporate top of leisure. again, your TMCs and corporate have actually behaved, fairly stable and steady. Remember, during the second quarter last year already, we saw a proportionate recovery and uplift in the TMC segment. Was underpinning that there was good demand in the corporate, in the TMCs or in the corporate travel as well.
Yeah, I didn't cover NDC. Look, the economics, I mean, we are not disclosing that in our deals, but we don't expect, as we said, look, a negative impact for the economics of NDC at margin level. At gross level, I mean, you have all kind of contracts. There are different models that we are applying, and still the volumes are small, so it should not have a relevant impact in any line of the P&L, at least in 2023.
Got it. Thank you. Yeah.
Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, we have now reached the end of the results call. I will now give back the word to Mr. Luis Maroto for the final remarks. Thank you.
Thanks again for joining the call. I'm looking forward to the first quarter and hopefully 2023 keeps recovering, and we'll have another good year. Thanks a lot. Bye.