Today, and thank you for standing by. Welcome to the Imerys 2024 first nine months and third quarter results. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. After the speaker's presentation, there'll be a question-and-answer session. To ask a question during the session, you will need to press star one one on your telephone. You will then hear an automated message advising your hand is raised. To withdraw your question, please press star one one again. Please be advised that today's conference is being recorded. I would now like to hand the conference over to your first speaker today, Alessandro Dazza, CEO. Please go ahead.
Good evening to all of you. Sorry for my low voice, impacted by the weather in Paris. Thank you for joining us tonight to review Imerys Q3 and first nine months 2024 results. Next to me this evening, as usual, Sébastien Rouge, our CFO. And as usual, please let me start with some highlights of the quarter we just closed. I would say a strong quarter for Imerys. Demand for our specialty minerals was up, thanks also to good market share gains, resulting in volumes and revenue growth compared to last year. Net of perimeter effect, and I remind you that the beginning of July, we divested our assets serving the paper market. So net of this effect, volumes were up 3.8% versus last year after a Q2 which was also up 2.7%. So two quarters in a row with a strong performance, certainly outpacing the market.
Over the nine months, thanks to these two strong quarters, we are in positive territory volume-wise again. Positive news also with regards to pricing. We announced, if you remember, three months ago that the trend of prices would reverse, and it has reversed in Q3. Prices are up 0.3% versus last year, and year-to-date, still slightly negative on the back of a Q1 which was still impacted by returning some surcharges to customers. On the profitability side, our adjusted EBITDA for the quarter was EUR 148 million, reflecting the perimeter effect, the disposal of the assets serving the paper market in July, and a lower contribution of joint ventures versus last year. It was announced and expected, and Sébastien will give you more details in this regard later on.
The rest of the business, our performance minerals business in particular, delivered a very strong performance driven by strong volume recovery and a positive price-cost balance, and I will come back on this. For the first nine months cumulated, we posted an adjusted EBITDA of EUR 533 million, up 3% versus last year, and representing a solid 19.2% margin, 150 basis points higher than last year. Group overall generated in the first nine months EUR 214 million of current net income, group share up 11.3% versus last year. Again, underlying a robust year-to-date performance at the end in an economic, macroeconomic, and geopolitical environment which remains challenging and uncertain. So even more, I think, important this performance. Based on all this, we confirm our guidance with an adjusted EBITDA for the full year 2024 between EUR 670 million and EUR 690 million.
On these following slides, we deep dive a little bit more on our sales performance, and you see the impact of perimeter highlighted here. Q3 revenue, solid, as I said, 4.1% organic growth following 2.1% last quarter versus last year, of course. Good performance coming from the U.S., which is holding up well. European activities still enjoyed also a light rebound, especially around consumer goods. Asia also doing okay. Weakness in, I would say, automotive and industrial markets, really in Europe, which are lagging behind past performances. Prices reverted, as I said, to a positive trend in the third quarter, as we have announced. year-to-date, we are back in positive territory volume-wise and just slightly negative on pricing, but overall, Imerys is organically growing again.
If we now look at EBITDA performance, the graph on the left side highlights the significant improvement of Imerys EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin in the first nine months of the year, reaching 19.2%, as I said, up 140 basis points versus last year. What are the drivers? Stronger operating leverage and an improved year-to-date joint venture contribution, more than offsetting what we lost in terms of perimeter with our recent divestiture. On the right, if we focus on the evolution of prices and costs compared to last year, this graph illustrates, I think, very well our ability to adjust selling prices to cost inflation. In H1, when we had to give back some prices after the very high increases of last year, we could more than compensate with strong savings on the variable cost side.
Now that variable costs are catching up, our sales prices are catching up as well, as we maintain in all quarters a positive price-cost contribution. I think this is clearly a strength of this group. Finally, I would say on the note on the right, I think it's remarkable to note the impact of our cost savings programs that generated EUR 93 million of gross savings or gross gains since the beginning of the year, which is a 3.5% improvement in our cost base. If we deep dive a bit on our end markets rapidly and recent trends in Q3 construction, it remains subdued, and if we go a bit in detail, Q3 is in line with what we saw for the rest of the year.
Weakness in Europe in general, U.S. holding in terms of statistic, but thanks to infrastructure and non-residential, which remains strong, whereas residential, which is our main market, Imerys' largest exposure, still subdued. Similar trends in Asia with China partially recovering thanks to these government stimulus programs, but fundamentally residential area still lagging behind. Interest rates have started dropping, but we do expect a recovery of these end markets on the back of a large deficit in housing in all our main markets, being Europe, being the U.S. This could, should, I would say, trigger solid demand for our mineral solutions in the quarters to come. Consumer goods holding well in the U.S., helped by a robust job market that continues. A bit flattish in Europe despite lower inflation. I think people are still saving in this uncertain economic environment.
Growth in China also limited because of increased household savings and low confidence, but should still, we believe, still be positive overall for the year. If we move to automotive, certainly the biggest source of worries today, excluding China, all other markets show clear weakness, and unfortunately, this is expected to continue in the coming months, and recent announcements for all the big car makers, I think, reflect this high uncertainty for the months ahead. Europe posted probably a bit of a stronger drop and a negative outlook for the rest of the year. The same for Japan. North America is destocking. China is really the only one moving up, driven both by domestic demand and booming exports. Everybody expects H2 to be a bit lower, but still growing. Energy going well, positive trend overall. China investing massively in solar, a bit of higher industrial activity worldwide.
So overall, we look positively to this market. Electronics that experienced strong growth during COVID and then a negative catch-up is finally going back in the right direction. So good progress. And electric vehicle contrasted, decreasing in Europe and the U.S. Not only the expected growth is not there, the recent months showed a decrease compared to last year. We believe it's temporary, but it's a fact, more than compensated by a strong Chinese market, production, domestic sales, and export booming. Last slide, on the markets. I would say industrial activity in general remains weak in Europe, and we don't see short-term a significant rebound. It held well in the U.S. It is slowing down towards the end of the year, as economists tell us, but it remains still a good level. And it's okay in China.
These programs from the government are starting to show an impact, and exports remain very strong. Iron and steel, it's a market that remains under pressure. Europe, you see a plus for the quarter, but it's really because the very, very low comparison of last year. I think iron and steel makers are not particularly happy in Europe with the current level of demand. U.S. is holding low, a bit more protected. In China, that has been exporting a lot, comes also under pressure, both on the export side, but also a weak construction market that is the big user of steel. And we expect this trend to remain in China for the coming quarters. I hand over to Sébastien for more details on our financial performance of the quarter and the nine months.
Thank you, Alessandro. Good evening, everyone. We will go through some of the key aspects of our financial performance. You will see for the first time in our results the full effect of the disposal of the assets serving the paper market. An important aspect of the release is to make sure that this perimeter effect does not overshadow the good performance of Imerys' underlying business. If we start by revenue on the third quarter, the perimeter effect we mentioned, -EUR 83 million in Q3, is mostly related to the assets serving paper. You will note a continuing recovery of volumes, up 3.8% on the quarter, and they are now positive year-to-date. The price also continued to normalize after two years of high inflation. Even with market-driven adjustments, as expected and as announced, prices were positive in Q3 as compared to last year.
All in all, for the nine months, sales reached EUR 2.8 billion and showed positive organic growth for the first nine months of the year, and I would say for the first time of the year as well. If we look now into more details at our three business segments and the different business dynamics, beginning with our biggest segment, Performance Minerals. In Americas, the business was up 11.6% organically in the third quarter. It benefits from strong volumes, especially in consumer goods and market share gains, all coupled with positive prices. In EMEA and APAC, sales reached EUR 308 million in Q3, also an organic growth of 5.7% as compared to last year. Plastics performed well, as we also managed to gain some market shares. The segment also benefited from the ramp-up of our new plant in China dedicated to lightweighting solutions for automotive polymers.
Filtrations and life science improved as well. Pricing is back to a positive trend. If we look at the global picture, the performance activity shows a solid performance with 8.2% organic growth in the third quarter, and it drives a 2% organic growth for the first nine months of the year, where also we see the increased dynamic in the Americas. If we look now at our Solutions for Refractory, Abrasives and Construction, the segment recorded sales of EUR 284 million in Q3, a slight decrease like-for-like as compared to last year. Volumes were impacted by the weakness of the automotive sector, directly impacting our abrasive activity. European industrial activity, as mentioned by Alessandro, was low in the last three months, whereas the U.S. demand was actually more solid. In the same period, prices were almost stable, a good achievement in a deflationary environment.
Since the beginning of 2024, we have generated more than EUR 900 million of sales with an organic variation of -1.6%. Now we complete the segment review with the Solutions for the Energy Transition. Our Graphite & Carbon business posted a 1% negative variation in Q3 versus last year, but the good news is that it improved sequentially, +7% as compared to Q2 of 2024. The business was supported by the lithium-ion battery market improvement, as destocking in the value chain is almost over. It is partially offset by some price adjustment, highlighting the competitiveness of this market. Just one word about The Quartz Corp, our high-purity quartz joint venture. We observed only limited disruptions after Hurricane Helene hit the U.S. operation. The production is gradually coming back to normal in the U.S., and we have no supply interruption to our customers.
We still expect a strong growth of the overall photovoltaic market, even if on the short term, the value chain is impacted by high inventories. Let's look now at the group profitability as a whole. In the third quarter first, adjusted EBITDA reached EUR 148 million, down versus last year, principally due to a perimeter effect of minus EUR 17 million following the disposal of our assets serving paper. We also, as we announced, had a lower contribution of our joint ventures in Q3, a variation also of -EUR 17 million as compared to Q3 2023. It means that the adjusted EBITDA of overall our underlying business increased in Q3 by EUR 10 million, thanks in particular to the good performance of our performance business.
If we now look at the profitability for the first nine months of 2024, adjusted EBITDA reached EUR 532 million, an increase of 3% versus last year.
It represents a 19.2% margin on sales, which has to be compared with 17.8% in 2023. It is worth mentioning the positive evolution of variable costs that you see on the graph, lower than last year, and also more predictable. Forward prices for freight and energy give us a better visibility to the input cost and enable our businesses to normalize the contractual relationship with their customers. If we look now at the other elements of our income statement for the first nine months of 2024, driven by the increase of EBITDA, the current operating income improved by 9.8%, reaching EUR 330 million or 11.9% of sales. With tax expenses and financial expenses very close to last year, the current net income from continuing operations landed at EUR 214 million, up 11 versus last year.
The really exceptional elements of our P&L are the net other operating expenses that represented EUR 357 million, mostly coming from the translation reserve associated with the assets serving the paper market that we divested in July. The translation reserve, we already spoke about that, is largely related to the historic devaluation of the Brazilian real since the acquisition of these assets decades ago. As a reminder, and we announced that already, at closing, this translation reserve has been recycled to the income statement as other income and expenses in accordance with applicable IFRS standard. We remind you that this is a non-cash loss of EUR 302 million, and even if it drives down the net income, it does not have any impact on the group shareholders' equity, and then no impact on the solidity of our balance sheet. I now hand over to Alessandro for the outlook and the questions.
Thank you. So let me wrap up this short presentation with our outlook for the coming months. We continue living, for sure, in a challenging environment, but Imerys has proven, with its track record of resilience in challenging environments, that it can deliver. We have shown solid operating performance. We have a diversified portfolio of specialty minerals, and we have a geographical large footprint. All this makes us confident that we will deliver our adjusted EBITDA target for the full year, which I remember, EUR 670 million-690 million. Thank you very much, and I suggest we open the floor to questions.
Thank you. As a reminder to ask a question, you will need to press star one one on your telephone keypad and wait for your name to be announced. To withdraw your question, please press star one one again. We will now take our first question. Please stand by, and the first question comes from the line of Ebrahim Homani from CIC. Please go ahead. Your line is now open.
Hello, Alessandro. Hello, Sébastien. Thank you for taking my question. I have three, if I may. The first one is about the guidance. Am I too optimistic if I say that the upper side of the guidance is now closer than it was in H1, given your numbers? My second question is about TQC. TQC, could we have any update on the situation as the solar panel price seems to remain weak? And my last question is about the talc litigation in the U.S., if we can have an update on that also.
Ibrahim, yes, with pleasure. We've given the guidance, and we confirm our guidance without further comment on the guidance itself, which remains unchanged. Probably your second question addresses also part of the answer. Why there is a range? Because businesses are subject to markets. We have seen, for instance, in our existing joint venture on quartz, that we have had a weak third quarter on the back of high inventories and consequently destocking, especially on the solar market. Semiconductors holding well. Optical fiber, other markets are doing really well. Solar, which itself is doing very well with double-digit growth, very strong, and announcements that are even more positive in terms of expected investments in the photovoltaic world and installations going forward. We have to live through a destocking. As you know, the market is largely in China.
Therefore, our visibility remains limited, which by definition gives a certain uncertainty on the timing of recovery and restart, but not if it will restart. It's a great market. It will deliver. Let's live through the destocking. Specifically on our joint business, fortunately, the hurricane has done limited damage, especially on people. Nobody was hurt among our employees or families. There has been some material damage, especially around infrastructure. We are working to restart fully the production. It is limited, and fortunately, our dual setup, U.S. and Norway, allows us also to guarantee a full supply to our customers, having some inventories in the value chain and in Norway. So we have reassured our customers that we will be up and running, certainly before there is any issue in terms of supply.
We don't comment on prices, as we never did, but the information that came up in the news and in certain comments from market players around the summer were more relating to the lower quality quartz, let's say the lower purity, which is typically a sand. It's not really the market where we play. We play in high-purity quartz, 5x9s, which is something else. It's not, let's say, a commodity, but it's really a high-added value that has its own rules. And the third one is around talc. If you recall our last communication, there were two deadlines coming between July and today. One was the potential settlement agreement reached by the North American talc entities with Johnson & Johnson, which was signed, filed, and approved on October 8th.
It's one of the many agreements that are part of the overall Plan of Reorganization, that's the name, which has been filed with the court, and the hearing took place yesterday, the day before yesterday, and yesterday. Today was still an option to attach another day. There was no hearing today. We are waiting for the judgment of the judge. Once again, we remain confident that these agreements will stand, the reviews of the court and potential oppositions, and normally, if and once approved, should bring us to the next step, which is a voting process that theoretically should be launched very soon if approved. We were confident a month ago. We are confident today and we look forward to the decision. It's a matter of days, the judge will publish it, I'm sure, in the next few days.
Then the process continues because the voting takes 60 days, and there will be a calendar, an estimated calendar. Everything moves along as we have announced since, I would say, the beginning of the summer.
Thank you very much, Alessandro.
Thank you very much.
Thank you. We will now take our next question. And the next question comes from the line of Sven Edelfelt from ODDO BHF. Please go ahead. Your line is now open.
Yes. Good evening, gentlemen. Thank you for taking my question. I would have three, if I may. So the first one is on the asbestos, actually. If I'm not mistaken, there has been a document published today on the Delaware Court. On that document, refer to a date which is on the 4th of November for the judge to approve or launch the vote. So in this document, I can even find the ballot for the plaintiffs to vote. So everything is available. So correct me if I'm wrong, but this is very positive on the, to some extent, I mean, you didn't mention this, Alessandro, in the answer to the previous question. So that's the first question. And then I would have two. The other one, the next one is on The Quartz Corp. After the hurricane, have you had some order from Chinese customers?
Have you been able to raise price potentially, given there has been many damages to the Spruce Pine mine as well as the logistics? Maybe if you can elaborate a bit on that, that would be great. Lastly, how should we view the organic trends in the coming quarters? Usually, Imerys, as always, a very strong rebound, let's say, after a certain period of weakness. We had like two years of a very strong destocking effect this time. How should we view the coming quarter? Is automotive weakness a reason to believe the rebound should be different for you this time? Thank you.
Thank you, Sven, for your questions. What you refer to is, let's start on the Chapter 11 process. What you refer to are probably some minutes that have been already published that for sure are rather positive because what you say means fundamentally an approval, and of course, we have read and attended the hearing, an approval in principle of the plan and therefore even a starting date of the voting. We have learned to be cautious on this topic since, given our past experiences, therefore we really would like to wait for a formal confirmation to the moment the judge publishes and enters it in the register. It's her decision because she's a female judge, but for sure, the hearing went definitely well, so I hope all you said will be confirmed. The 4th of November is next week, Monday.
So I hope all of this will be formally confirmed through a formal entry, and therefore then we will for sure also communicate, Sven. I believe that starting a voting procedure, although it's not the end, because the end is a positive vote, but I think it's an important information. Therefore, if the plan of reorganization is published and the voting process starts, we will definitely issue a small communication for the market to be aware, which could be as soon as the beginning of next week. Definitely positive. On TQC, once again, we don't comment on prices, but fundamentally, I think both the main player in this market and ourselves through our joint ventures, we have reassured the markets that also thanks to relatively high inventories today because of low activity, we will not cause any disruption in the market. One could say it's a pity. You could profit.
The reality is the market is relatively soft at the moment, as I said before, and as you can see in the numbers, because you can interpret through the profitability of the company. It's a soft market. We have our main plant in Norway. Therefore, we can supply the market. So the market, there was nervousness around the hurricane because the question is, is total damage a long, long-term damage, or is something that can be fixed? And fortunately, it's the third case for the people, for the area, and for our plants. It's something that can be fixed in a reasonable time. And therefore, I believe the market will not suffer shortages, which at the end is the best. People have to rely on this product. It's key. It's good if it's available, and people don't have to worry. So we will not abuse the situation.
On the contrary, we will help our customers to continue producing without interruptions, and it looks like it's going in the right direction. On the third one, on organic growth, typically after a crisis, there is a rebound, so it's normal. I think Imerys is sensitive to volumes because we have a relatively high leverage, so a rebound in volumes for us can be very profitable. We have done two good quarters. I think if you look at peers or similar companies, similar market publishing in these days before and after us, there are very few that post organic growth of 4% driven by volume because the market around us is not particularly [Foreign language], so we are doing a good job. We are gaining market share. I think we are in good markets today after the work we have been doing in the last three years.
We have products that probably grow more than the market because of penetration, more usage. I don't think we are yet in a rebound. Look at automotive. You mentioned it. Automotive is a mess. It can only get better. Maybe we'll stay low. Maybe we go down still a bit further, but it can only get better. Housing, construction, it can only get better. It will, as rates fall. We do expect a significant rebound. U.S., France, Germany, Italy, the need for houses is very high. The moment that people believe in a rebound in normal mortgages, we should see this rebound. The way I interpret it is the world is still at slow pace. We have, of course, institutions and consultants that tell us forecasts for the future of the economy.
Everybody points at a rebound in 2025, but six months ago, they told us the rebound will be at the end of 2024. I think the end of 2024 is worse than the beginning of 2024, so economy is what it is, but we are living, I think, uncertain times that normally should go back to a more solid, healthy growth with volumes. Imerys will do very well. It's doing well in a difficult market. It will do very well when we believe it, but we don't have a crystal ball. Is it Q1 2025? I doubt it. Is it Q2? Maybe. It will move. Is it Q3, Q4? It's ahead of us. We need confidence. We need interest rates. We need a bit more certainties. The geopolitical situation, the American elections.
So there are a lot of things that are holding back the confidence of consumers, of investors, of companies that hold back their investments. But we've been holding for a while. There are needs. So it will come back strongly. And then I hope that we materialize what you say, strong recovery after a slow cycle. But I'm very happy of what the company has delivered the last two quarters, frankly. Thank you, Sven. I hope I addressed it.
Okay. Thank you, Alessandro. So let's light a candle for the 4th of November. Thank you. Have a good one.
Thanks.
Thank you. We will now take our next question. And the next question comes from the line of Aron Ceccarelli from Berenberg. Please go ahead. Your line is now open.
Hello, Alessandro. Hello, Sébastien. Good evening. I have three questions. My first one is about the U.S. Maybe can you unpack a little bit the performance in the U.S. in performance minerals? Because clearly, very strong volume growth driven by consumer goods, but we are not seeing many companies in consumer goods growing these days so fast. So I would like to maybe understand what's driving that. The second one would be on the exit rate of Q3 and how maybe if you can provide just some comments around October. And I remember last time we spoke, you were clearly a little bit more cautious than everybody, I would say, around Q4. I would like to understand maybe if that feelings have remained the same or the situation from a business perspective has really improved and what that means for pricing going into Q4.
The final one is Graphite & Carbon black. i think Q2 results were quite confident on a rebound of this business. I think we saw the volume growing, not the pricing. So how should we think about revenue development into the end of the year for this part of the business? Thank you.
Starting on the U.S., it's growing because we're good. Very simple. I think we have been doing a good job in terms of market share. We have done a bit of innovation. We have invested in some capacities in markets where we see growth. And what we have been telling now for several months is starting to be visible. And I'm not surprised when you say other companies don't show this growth. I'm not surprised. So it's really partly market share. There is a bit of innovation. There are new products. There are markets that are growing faster. Don't forget the U.S. is a bit protected. So you have some investments going on to replace typically Chinese imports. So if you are in the good markets, that's what you address. And that's what we really see coming. What is ahead of us? Q4, you're right.
When we announced in July, I was quite euphoric. After the summer, I was prudent or more prudent because all the macroeconomic news we heard from July on were negative. What we hear today remains quite negative, frankly. We don't hear and look at automotive, as I said before. So I continue to remain prudent, but it doesn't mean that Imerys will not grow. I was prudent for Q3, and we delivered + 4%. So I think we can outpace markets. Of course, if markets grow, for us, it's two times good. But I remain confident that this trend that we have seen in Q2, we have seen in Q3, will continue. There is no reason. Good market, good products, good commercial actions. So I hope we don't see a total as I said, 4th of November. But I don't think the 4th of November will change the world.
I think the two candidates stand, especially from an economic point of view. I don't see these big differences. If the government will be split as the last polls indicate, there will not be major changes of policies, which means good for us. Stability, interest rates down, economy will be good, Imerys will grow. Don't ask me a forecast for Q4. As I didn't do it in Q3, I will not do it in Q4. If I look at where we are in the 30th of October, we have not closed the month. But I don't see worries. I don't see a collapse. On the contrary, I see a trend, which is not a solid rebound, but I see an Imerys that continues growing. We will see November. We will see December. Pricing. We entered the year. We said, "We have to give back something to customers." We've done it.
We said, "As the year will go on, the comparison to last year will smoothen. Plus, some price increases will be transformed." Sorry, some surcharges will be transformed in price increases because costs are growing. Labor is growing. Some costs are growing. So we will pass in positive territory. We delivered. Q3, we are positive. Q4, we will be positive. I'm sure. And last synthetic graphite and carbon black. destocking, as Sébastien said, largely done. We only see some spots. So single customers that are less successful with the batteries or with the end electric vehicle that still have a bit of inventories. But we are back on solid organic growth. Basically we are flat on sales in Q3, -1%, but we have given back last year significant pricing. So volumes are up a lot. Very solid. And it will continue.
So we are the preferred supplier. One product may be better than the other. One geographic area better than the other because of these pockets of less successful battery makers or EV makers. But the trend is back to growth, even with Europe softening and America softening. China, I think it was the month of August, was the first time in history that China sold more EVs than combustion cars. And this trend is not there to reverse. It will continue. So on the mid-long term or even the short one, I think we will continue to grow.
Thank you very much.
Thank you.
Thank you. We will now take our next question. And the next question comes from the line of Jason Fairclough from Bank of America. Please go ahead. Your line is now open.
[Foreign language], Alessandro. Sébastien, [Foreign language]. [Foreign language]. Thanks for the call tonight. Look, two quick questions for me. One is maybe a simple one on the JVs, and the second one is just on your outlook commentary, particularly around autos. So just on the JVs, I wanted to just check my numbers. Is it correct that the quarterly progression on the contribution from JVs from Q1 through Q3 goes 55, 28, and then 5? I guess my question then is, how do we think about the progression from here? And did you maybe get ahead of yourselves when you changed the reporting on these businesses after Q1? Second question then is just on autos, and especially for Europe. It looks bad. I mean, globally, it looks bad, but Europe, it looks really, really bad, like a different level of bad.
We have VW talking about closing factories in Germany for the first time ever. So I guess, how are you thinking about capital allocation to the European businesses that service European autos? Would you actually consider shrinking this footprint?
Shall I start with the second? What you say is totally true. So in terms of market expectation, Germany, Volkswagen, it's all true. I see the announcement of Volkswagen rather as a positive one. Time to wake up. If this industry in Europe wants to remain competitive, you have to look for efficiencies. So in a declining market, if you don't address your costs, look at Imerys last year. If you don't address your costs, you're not going to be competitive. It's the beginning of the end. So as much as it's a hard decision and it will have an impact on social impact, if you don't do it, you're a loser and there is no future. So they will not produce less cars because they closed three factories.
They will produce the cars they need to produce in other factories, optimizing their costs, and I hope one day to be more competitive. So it's the way business works. So that's it. And we'll live through this one. In terms of allocation, first message is if you have a mine, it's difficult to move it, impossible to move it. Therefore, fundamentally, where we are, we are. Products are used in different markets. And if you look at our typical pie of end markets, automotive represents around 12% and is worldwide. Our last big investment, greenfield, was minerals for polymers in China because we saw that market being more promising than the European one. And that's where we put our money three, four years ago. It started last year, ramping up. It's one of the positive volume effects that you see.
We were with the right product in the right market, so the right decision. Would I build a greenfield plant in Europe today to serve the automotive? I guess the week after, I have a new job, to be very straight. It would be a very risky investment. So indirectly, the answer to your question is yes. You put your money, your capital allocation where you see good businesses. And I think Imerys today has done the job to clean up. We have good businesses, and then where the trends are, we invested a lot in Graphite & Carbon, carbon black and graphite because batteries will be with ups and downs, will be the technology of the future, growth. And now we do also a bit of geography, and frankly, the U.S. has shown to be very dynamic, so we are very glad to have a significant presence.
We are looking at Asia more, frankly, because we expect the future to be steadier. And we are very cautious in Europe. It's a fact. Today, Europe is, from a competitive point of view, under pressure. So we will be more careful. But yes, it's part of what you do when you run a business. Allocation is the first. And looking specifically at figures, Sébastien, I think Jason's figures are right.
Yeah, the figures themselves are right. I will remind that we have several JVs within the figures, but one is bigger than the other, there is no doubt. At the end of the day, we communicated on the fact that Q1 was a little bit out of the ordinary on the positive side.
And we remain confident that it was a good thing to change a little bit the way we present the numbers because it has forced everyone to highlight the value of the JVs that was a little bit transparent before we were doing so. So somewhere, we paid a price when it goes up and down. But down the road, we are very confident of the midterm prospect of this investment. And we're sure that the way we present, nobody will forget. So as Alessandro says, it's not a matter of if it will rebound. It's a matter of when. And we want to make sure that you take into consideration the value of this business when you look at Imerys as a whole.
It's a matter of transparency. So we want to be as transparent.
These two businesses comprising the Solutions for Energy Transition are both growing fast, net of destocking. So I think it was adequate to give them the proper visibility and recognition because they will be a big pillar of Imerys' future growth going forward. Their percentage will grow. And by the way, Jason, when you're at 5%, it's difficult to go down. The probability that you go up is probably higher because below 5%, there is not much left. So thank you.
That's funny. Thanks. Appreciate the color there, Alessandro. How do we think about the run rate, the normal level of profitability in this business? Is there normal, or is it just going to be all over the place? Is this EUR 20 million-EUR 25 million a quarter?
We don't do forecast on specific businesses, and certainly not on this one at this time. So we'll not answer this question, Jason. As I said, I think what is important to retain exposure is, number one, photovoltaic; number two, semiconductors; and then smaller markets, optical fiber, and so on. The end markets are great markets. So you can have a hiccup in the middle because of a destocking or high inventories. But fundamentally, one day, we should see on the back of a hype, you tend to overproduce and maybe overstock once you learn. And the same was for EVs three, four years ago. Normally, we should see in the future a much more stable trend, more structured, and consolidation comes to the market. So the level, time will tell, but I do not expect this volatility going forward because the end market is not volatile by definition.
It's a straight curve up. We ourselves are investing massively in solar. China is investing hundreds of millions of gigawatt hours. All governments, Africa, people see the future of electrification in Africa will go straight to solar because you don't need big grids. You don't need big installations. So there is a potential for these markets for me that it's great. It's just immense. Thank you, Jason.
Yep. Okay. [Foreign language] , and [Foreign language]. [Foreign language]. Thanks, everybody.
Thanks.
Thank you. We will now take our next question. And the next question comes from the line of Laurent-Daniel François Renaché from LRESG Advisory. Please go ahead. Your line is now open.
Hi, gentlemen. Congratulations on your result. Thank you for taking my questions. Many have been already asked, so I will try to be imaginative. I would like to focus once again on TQC because when I've been looking at what went on in the region and Spruce Pine location, I discovered that the railway, which is supplying the railway that is used to transport the materials, is totally out of order, so I'd like to understand currently, if we assume that the plants are ongoing and able to produce like before the hurricane, there is still a very large problem of logistics because the railway is destroyed. There is one bridge which is totally destroyed, which was supporting the railway line, so I just want to understand that now maybe it's more difficult to transport the quartz from Spruce Pine. You need maybe to take a road.
How does it cut the long storage and add to cost? And maybe you have a better position because you have a dual production site, and you can use without additional cost all the stock you have in Norway versus your main competitor, Sibelco, which have all their stuff in Spruce Pine. Is it a fair way to seize the market? Is there a big disruption in terms of logistics, or it's not so costly to transport from Spruce Pine? This is the first question. The second is relating to French taxes. So we understand that the French companies will enjoy the pleasure to have an exceptional tax in 2025. I'd like to know if in your case, it is material or not so much because at the end of the day, you've got a very international business, and many costs are located in France.
So I'd like to understand if this additional tax, this higher tax rate would hurt you that much. So this is basically the two first questions.
Thank you. I will let Sébastien address the potential tax impact. On logistics, to comment, what you say for sure, it is true. Having two separate locations, we definitely have a natural hedge because you have containers on the water going to Norway, and you have, by definition, a buffer inventory in Norway for your production. So for sure, for a customer that looks at our business, at our joint venture, definitely will feel more at ease, more comfortable with the setup we have because we are not only the place that was hit. As I said before, we do believe that the damages remain limited. There should be no disruption. And therefore, everything will be okay. On the logistics, I know a lot of my plants. I'm not sure in this specific case if we transport by train or by train only.
You can truck, I'm sure, if the railway is broken, but I really cannot tell you how we transport today. What I know is a high-value product, high-added value product. So I think changing from truck to train should not kill the economics of this product. So I don't think logistics should be, both for us and our competitors, should not be the one killing the business. But since I don't know the answer, I will make sure that I understand how we transport. On the tax?
On the tax, first of all, it's also a long journey to follow exactly what will come out of the 2025 tax law. Overall, it cannot be material, as I think, as you hinted in the question. France is less than 7% of our overall activity. On the other side, that's our headquarters, so we've got more than 7% of the cost.
So obviously, we pay a fair amount of tax in France, but not that much income tax. So even if there is an extra load, there is no reason it becomes material at your level. Thank you all.
Thank you very much for your question. I've got the last one. The former questions were related to automotive. But in my view, the biggest share of your client industry is construction, to the tune of 40% of your sales. So is it fair to say that mainly half of that chunk of 40% has not recovered already because residential is very weak currently? So in a way, it's good news because with interest going down, you've got a big engine of recovery there that has not been currently light on, while still you already enjoy something like 4% like growth.
Thank you, Laurent, for your last question. Yes, construction is our main market, as we always say, between, let's say, 38%-40%, and we are largely exposed to residential, as we said, so infrastructure is a smaller part. I would say, I would guess, is around 70% residential, so housing, that's a house, an apartment, takes a lot of minerals. How much is recovered? I don't know. Fundamentally, we are still living among the lowest levels in terms of construction. I think France a day or two days ago announced the lowest level in 20 years, so it can only go up. That's what I was saying. It can only go up, and still we are doing well, so it's two strong messages. It can only go up, and we are still doing well. The U.S. was less severely impacted, I have to say.
Still, they had several quarters of negative housing permits and new starts. We see the trend turning. We are by far not at the level we were a year ago or a year and a half ago. But again, that's why there is potential to grow, and it will grow with interest rates. It's very related. So for me, how much is recovered, I don't know. There is a big recovery potential ahead of us, and in the meantime, we enjoy the work we do in terms of new products, penetration, and market shares. So thank you very much, Laurent.
Thank you. We will now take our next question. And the next question comes from the line of Auguste Deryckx from Kepler Cheuvreux. Please go ahead. Your line is now open.
Hi, good evening to all. So I have two questions. First, you mentioned gain in market shares, which has led to an increase in volume. Are you able to quantify how much of the 3.8% volume increase comes from growth in the end markets and what comes from the gain in market share, or at least some order of magnitude? And my second question is on solar. So if we look at the results from solar panel manufacturer or even the communication from Mersen, the figures for the third quarters are poor, and the outlook is also poor. So can you help me to make the link between these elements and your rather encouraging communication concerning the recovery of quartz? Thanks.
I'm afraid I will disappoint you a bit, Auguste. On the first one, very complicated because you have different markets, different geographies, and that makes it very difficult to really try to quantify. And you have a number, 3.8 volume growth. How much is each geography? So difficult, really. And I don't know. It would be a total guess. For me, first, we track for each single market the competitive landscape, and it goes down really to product and market, the competitive landscape, market share gains, and market share losses because we also lose. We are not only winners, and the net result, what comes up from the analysis of the different markets is that we are at the moment gaining shares. So that's the internal tracking we do.
And if you remember a year ago or a bit less than that, I said exactly the same in the other direction. We have lost some market shares, in full transparency, against Asian imports when electricity or energy in Europe was extremely high. So we are fighting back with a normal level of energy and in other markets independently from energy. So that's so far for my transparency, really, what I can say. And the other indicator, if you look really at comparable businesses, customers, or peers doing the same, some are listed, some published, when you see negative volume and you see positive volume in Imerys, probably there is a market share gain. But it's very difficult to quantify.
And the second one on photovoltaic on solar. I have not seen the communication from Mersen, but if Mersen sells components to the photovoltaic market, as for sure the same issue that we have today, selling high-purity quartz to the photovoltaic market, there is limited production. So the producer of photovoltaic panels, modules, cells, panels, as you want to call them, have slowed down significantly because of high inventories in finished products. So I'm not surprised if Mersen says we are down and we don't see when. For the very same reason I said before, what's its public knowledge as well is installations of photovoltaic, I think we are close to 20% growth. It's booming. So it will eat these inventories, and then we will see coming back all the way up the value chain for us and for Mersen. So it's two different things.
Not the same time horizon as well. It's two different things. One is finished products, and one is upstream, our components, our minerals. I don't know what Mersen sells. It's probably around their connectors, electric. They have a big business in electrical. So I guess it's around the connectors, but it's the same. They give components or raw materials to build a panel. If you don't build panels because you have so many in stocks, the business must be down as ours. It's, by the way, a confirmation that it's not Imerys, but it's an inventory issue in the value chain or in the production chain.
Thank you, Auguste.
Thanks. Get well soon, Alessandro. Bye-bye.
Thank you. Bye.
Thank you. As there are no further questions, I would now like to hand back to Alessandro Dazza for any closing remarks.
I think we never ask so many questions. Last night I was pretty sick, so I will remember in the future. No, I thank you very much for the great interest you show in Imerys. It's very appreciated. And thank you very much for the evening. And talk to you soon.
Thank you. Bye-bye.
Bye-bye.
This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for participating. You may now disconnect.