Sir, thank you very much. I would also like to welcome you, ladies and gentlemen. I'd like to welcome you to our conference call on the results of the third quarter of fiscal 2022. All members of the board of management of Infineon are participating in this conference. Jochen Hanebeck, CEO. Constanze Hufenbecher, Chief Digital Transformation Officer. Dr. Sven Schneider, Chief Financial Officer. Andreas Urschitz, Chief Marketing Officer. And Dr. Rutger Wijburg, Chief Operations Officer.
My dear Mr. Urschitz, I am very pleased to welcome you as a new member of the board of management in this circle for the first time. My dear participants, first of all, Mr. Hanebeck will give you an overview of the business performance of Infineon, after which all five members of the board of management will be available to field any questions you may have.
I'd like to hand the floor to Mr. Hanebeck for his statement.
Thank you, Mr. Hops. Hello. Welcome, listeners. In a difficult situation, Infineon is doing well. The macroeconomic and geopolitical situation has become more challenging, however. The lasting coronavirus pandemic continues to cause restrictions on supply chains, especially in China. The war in Ukraine is leading to shortages and rising prices for energy and important raw materials. High inflation rates lead to more restrictive monetary policy on the part of the central banks. All these factors are dragging down economic growth. Consumers are becoming less confident. The purchasing managers' indices are dipping. We see that the demand for semiconductors for consumer applications is declining, such as PCs, smartphones, television, and domestic appliances and battery-operated equipment. Nevertheless, the structural drivers, decarbonization, digitalization, are ensuring that there's still a high demand for semiconductors.
Both the dynamism, the fundamental data in key applications of Infineon, such as automotive industry, renewable energies, data centers, and the Internet of Things, remain robust. Accordingly, we had a strong third quarter, where we were able to increase revenue and profitability. An indication of the unbroken demand of our customers for many of our products is the backlog of confirmed and unconfirmed orders. It has continued to rise from EUR 37 billion at the end of March to EUR 42 billion at the end of June. We treat this indicator with great caution because the customers' ordering behavior depends very much on the shortage of semiconductors. Also, the movement in the exchange rate and price changes made a major contribution to the increase that I've mentioned. We can see that the imbalance between supply and demand is gradually reducing, especially for products from our own manufacturing.
The bottlenecks are less pronounced. The lead times are stabilizing. It appears that we are approaching the end of a long upswing. Nevertheless, the picture varies according to application. Some markets have slowed down considerably. Others are showing completely unbroken dynamics. It's in no way certain that all the applications will follow the same pattern. It was therefore particularly important to keep a close eye on early indicators and to react promptly, and I'll talk more about that in my outlook. Let's first of all turn to the business developments in the third quarter. There, Infineon achieved revenue of EUR 3.618 billion, which is a growth by 10% over the previous quarter. Compared to the previous quarter, it's an increase of 33%, in fact. The strong U.S. dollar gave us tailwind here.
With a constant exchange rate, the quarterly growth would have been about 6%. To put it in another way, about 1/3 of the increased revenue, compared to the previous quarter, is due to the currency effect. A further point was that the effects of the restrictions in Shanghai because of the pandemic at the beginning of the quarter were less pronounced than expected. This applies in particular to the Power & Sensor Systems division. In addition, at Infineon, we succeeded in obtaining further supplies from our contract manufacturers, which enable us to serve our customers' demands better. Finally, good pricing helped to increase our revenue. The factors mentioned also had a positive influence on our profitability. The segment result rose to EUR 842 million. The segment result margin improved slightly to 23.3% after 23.1% in the previous quarter.
This means that the margin was higher than the guidance of 21%, which we gave in May. The free cash flow improved, as expected, considerably from EUR 120 million in the second quarter to EUR 440 million in the third quarter. Greater profitability and a smaller increase in operating capital than the previous quarter made contributions here to ensuring that Infineon was able to more than compensate the higher investments. Now, the results of the four business units. The Automotive segment in the third quarter achieved revenue of EUR 1.701 billion, which was an increase by 14% compared to the previous quarter. All the product and application fields contributed to the substantial increase in revenue, especially microcontrollers. The segment result also improved considerably.
It came to EUR 399 million, which corresponds to a segment result margin of 23.5%, following 21.7% in the previous quarter. Additional supplies, including from contract manufacturers, positive price effects and the support of the U.S. dollar exchange rate contribute to increasing revenue and profitability here. All in all, automotive production is hampered by bottlenecks over materials and delivery interruptions, and particularly the restrictions because of the pandemic in China, aggravated the problem at the beginning of the past quarter. Once this has been overcome, the Chinese automotive market began to recover very quickly, which was supported by state incentives and robust demand. We can expect that other regions follow China with a certain time lag. The continuing limitations in the supply chain and the considerable macroeconomic imponderabilities make it difficult to estimate developments in the global automotive market.
The current forecast by S&P Global for calendar year 2022 is 80.8 million vehicles, which implies a limited upward potential for the second half of the year. In the short term, the market is held back more by the limited supply than by demand. Even if bottlenecks are being reduced gradually, there are still cases in which car manufacturers lack a golden screw to complete their controls. In a whole series of cases, it's up to us to supply this decisive part. The growing number of semiconductors in vehicles will remain an important demand factor in the foreseeable future. For Infineon, it's decisive that the growth drivers, automated driving and electromobility, are completely intact and still provide considerable structural growth potential. Infineon is well- positioned to exploit this potential, which confirmed by recent design wins from our customers.
At an established U.S. automotive manufacturer, we won the contract for the battery management system of an electric version of a top-selling model. Our business with silicon carbide for automobile electronics is continuing to gain traction as well. As of recent time, we're working with Vitesco Technologies in silicon carbide-based power semiconductors, which can support the efficiency of electric drive trains with a voltage of up to 800 V. With this increased efficiency, we can increase the range of electric vehicles considerably. In addition, we are in discussions with a well-known American car manufacturer for a contract to supply silicon carbide solutions for onboard charging devices for several years. Its business volume of mid-three-figure million euro range. Here, as with other customer orders, we benefit from a differentiated offer. We combine excellent equipment architecture, packaging skills, quality and reliability of supply.
Industrial Power Control. The division in the third quarter achieved revenue of EUR 436 million, which is a slight increase by 1% compared to the strong March quarter. Demand in the sectors of renewable energy and energy infrastructure continue to develop positively, and also automation and industrial drives are robustly dynamic. On the other hand, the waning consumer confidence is reducing the demand for semiconductors in domestic appliances. This field of application only accounts for the mid-teens percentage range of IPC's revenue. The segment result declined to EUR 82 million. The segment result margin was 18.8% after 21.6% in the previous quarter.
As already mentioned in the last telephone conference, we have to take into account regarding this development that cost increases on the one hand, and price increases on the other hand, do not take place at the same time. Furthermore, the limitations in Shanghai because of the pandemic and the resulting logistical challenges had indirect negative consequences on the revenue and margin development at IPC in the third quarter. We expect that this development will reverse in the present quarter. Looking ahead, the market dynamism in most of the target applications of IPC remains high. Decarbonization is a strong driver of renewable energies and expanding the energy infrastructure. Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the independence of fossil fuels for many states has become a motive of security policy for the energy turnaround, which will accelerate the expansion of renewable energies.
Market researchers at IHS Markit predict that 2022 will see an additional 255 GW of photovoltaic capacities will be built. In 2023, they expect it to be 311 GW. That is an increase by a good fifth. This figure shows very impressively how great the transformation is, which has begun. In semiconductors for applications in the field of renewable energies, Infineon has a leading position. This is supported by expertise in silicon carbide applications such as photovoltaic inverters, power storage and charging infrastructure for electric vehicles where growth is strong. For industrial drives, we see robust demand at present. There are some major macroeconomic imponderabilities, but investment plans reflect the growing demand for alternative sources of energy and smart manufacturing.
In mature markets such as domestic appliances, because of the gloomy mood among consumers, we expect a further weakening. Let's turn to the Power & Sensor Systems segment. Revenue came to EUR 1.021 b illion, which means exceeded the EUR 1 billion threshold in a quarter for the first time compared to the previous quarter, it was 10% up. We see a lasting high demand for power supply solutions, solar panels, and mobile charging as well as for cars. In contrast to that, the demand in a consumer end market such as computers, smartphones, and battery-powered DIY equipment is weaker. The development of the U.S. dollar had positive consequence for PSS's revenue, and in addition, the delivery interruptions following the measures to contain the coronavirus pandemic in Shanghai were less pronounced than originally expected.
Our colleagues from the supply chain are really doing outstanding work, and we very much appreciate their continuing efforts. Thanks to the higher revenue, the segment result increased to EUR 277 million, which corresponds to a segment result margin of 27.1% compared to 25.6% in the previous quarter. Our differentiated product portfolio helps us in a weaker macroeconomic environment to be successful and to compensate for demand fluctuations in some target markets by business and other sectors. To give an example, look at our MEMS microphones, which lead the field. Our customers love the outstanding signal-to-noise ratio of our microphones. This characteristic enables new applications such as studio recordings with laptops or telephone conferences in large rooms.
Conferences with a large number of participants in the room who are a long way away from the microphone are possible with good audio quality. Also very successful are solutions for power supplies for data centers. They offer outstanding properties for DC converters, which are used in systems for machine learning and AI training. A dedicated graphics processing platform for these applications is now possible thanks to our solutions. That's good for Infineon. Compared to the main processor normally used in servers, a system like this requires about 1.5x as many semiconductors. With the growing number of mobile devices, notebooks, and battery-operated equipment with higher charging capacities, more rapid charging functions are also required. Engineers see a challenge here because they need to have smaller form factors. Solutions based on gallium nitride are the ideal answer to these requirements.
Anker Innovations, which is a global leader in charging technology, has decided on our digital power control of the next generation with the integrated gallium nitride power stage, which is a combination that provides an outstanding efficiency of more than 95% and reduces power losses compared to other charging solutions by 21%. There is great market potential to be expected in the field of the Internet of Things with more innovations by PSS. This could make the use of keys a thing of the past. With our solution, the mobile telephone becomes a key to open and close locks without using batteries or having a separate power supply in the lock. The application draws the necessary power contact free from the mobile phone, which is known as energy harvesting.
The exchange of data and power uses the NFC method, which is already known when paying with your smartphone. With our solution, we are opening up a reliable, low maintenance, and secure way of operating smart locks at the same time. It's particularly good for locks which not lead to a great deal of mechanical effort, such as offices, hospitals, and gyms. Other uses are bicycle locks, letterboxes, and parcel boxes, and the solution can also be used in more complex systems such as main doors. The market for smart locks will probably grow in the years ahead, according to analysts, and the use of equipment without batteries will also increase this growth. The Connected Secure Systems segment. The division in the third quarter achieved revenue of EUR 456 million, which is about 2% more than in the previous quarter.
Demand exceeds supply in many fields like Industry 4.0, and government documents, and payment transactions. On the other hand, the weaker consumer confidence is reducing the demand for wearables and gaming consoles. The segment result declined to EUR 84 million, and the segment result margin was 18.4%, falling 24.1% in the previous quarter. We'd expected this development because cost increases and price increases do not take place at the same time. Furthermore, our investments in research and development to strengthen the product roadmap of CSS also reduces profitability in the short term. We are confident in the medium- to long-term in drawing synergies and revenue from the takeover of Cypress, where the lasting dynamic is giving us tailwind in design wins.
Our microcontrollers and connectivity solutions are selected by leading manufacturers for new smart television models, battery driven tools, domestic appliances, and smart home equipment. In addition, with our embedded security solutions, we are able to support wireless charging and IoT applications, which led us to gain new business. In development of equipment for application in Internet of Things, the combination of our OPTIGA Trust M Express and our CIRRENT Cloud ID is a popular security solution because it offers a trust anchor integrated hardware for linking IoT devices to the cloud. Our competence as a supplier of IoT solutions is something we want to expand. Therefore, Infineon recently took over the NoBug company with offices in Romania and Serbia. The NoBug team has 120 engineers who have great expertise in verification and design services for all digital functionalities of semiconductor products.
With digital competencies in research development, we want to expand Infineon's ability to develop complex systems for IoT applications. Ladies and gentlemen, that brings me to the outlook. The geopolitical and macroeconomic situation has deteriorated in the last few months, which has led to a pronounced weakness in various consumer semiconductor applications. At the same time, important markets such as automotive, industry, renewable energy, cloud computing or IoT are growing strongly and are in short supply. Major bottlenecks are limited to a small number of product sectors in the meantime, but there are shortages all the same. Inventories in the supply channels are relatively low. In the inventories of customers downstream, we see that they are gradually filling up.
Since semiconductors are normally of elementary importance for those manufacturers' production and only account for a small part of the cost of the final product, which means the demand situation is favorable for us. We don't see any phase in destocking in the near future. Of course, in times of increased volatility, it's particularly important to be vigilant. Our key markets are following different driving forces and have different economic cycles. We are constantly keeping an eye on the earnings trends of our business and are prepared to react promptly. If necessary, we should not hesitate to adapt our investment expenditure to the changing situation. Our short-term outlook is marked by strong visible demand and limited supply as well. We're confident that we shall succeed in completing the fiscal year successfully.
Our forecast for business developments is based on the assumption there'll be no major disruptions in manufacturing because of discontinuation of Russian exports of natural gas to Western Europe. However, we're monitoring the realm very precisely. Very shortly after the war in Ukraine, we introduced measures to reduce the use of natural gas in our manufacturing processes considerably, especially at our sites in Germany and Austria. We're confident that by the end of the last quarter of the fiscal year, we shall be able to reduce the consumption of natural gas at those sites by two-thirds. In addition, we are constantly talking to the relevant authorities about a reliable energy supply. First of all, our outlook for the fourth quarter.
In view of the strength of the U.S. dollar compared to the euro, we are adjusting the expected exchange rate from a rate of 1.10 so far to 1.05 now. In the final quarter, we're expecting an increase in revenue to about EUR 3.9 billion. The growth of 8% compared to the third quarter will be driven solely by volume and price. Since the exchange rate that we presumed in the fourth quarter has only deviated very slightly from the actual exchange rate in the third quarter. The segment result to margin will probably be about 25%. Apart from the positive effect from greater revenue, we also see an increased value added from system solutions, which are made possible by technologies, products, and competencies from the former Cypress. These synergies make a noticeable contribution to improving our profitability.
Based on the forecast revenue for the fourth quarter, the fiscal 2022 as a whole, it will lead to expected revenue of about EUR 14 billion. Three months ago, we'd expected revenue of EUR 13.5 billion. We're therefore increasing our expectation again. Only a small part of growth, about EUR 140 million, is due to the strong U.S. dollar. The greater part comes from additional volume, and to a less extent, for price developments which are positive for us. Annual revenue growth will probably be about 27% as a result. Our guidance for second result margin is expected to be more than 23%. About 1 percentage point higher than in our last guidance in May.
For fiscal 2022, we are still planning investments in property, plant, and equipment and intangible assets, including capitalized development costs of about EUR 2.4 billion. Here we are expecting that ordered equipment to fit out our semiconductor manufacturing will reach us on time. The free cash flow is likely to be about EUR 1.4 billion, and previously we had expected EUR 1.1 billion. Ladies and gentlemen, that brings the end of my comments. Again, Constanze Hufenbecher, Sven Schneider, Andreas Urschitz, Rutger Wijburg. Now, please take any questions you might have.
Thank you very much. Ladies and gentlemen, if you'd like to ask a question, please press star followed by number one on your keypad. Please ensure that your mute key is deactivated so that your signal can reach our system. Should you find that your question has already been answered, you can withdraw your question by pressing star two. Now, as a reminder, please press star one today to ask a question. Our first question comes from Stefan Kroneck from Börsen-Zeitung. Please go ahead.
Hello. Stefan Kroneck here from Börsen-Zeitung. Mr. Hanebeck, in your statement, you indicated that it appears as if we are nearing the end of a long upturn. After that, you were very explicit on the various markets. What implications would result from this statement if everything is going as well as it appears to be at Infineon, for the operating activities? 'Cause after all, you are anticipating an end of the upturn. What's going to happen afterwards? Are we going to see a downturn? Stagnation? What conclusion should I, as an economic journalist, draw from this information? Thank you.
Well, thank you, Mr. Kroneck, for your question. Of course, this year, given the figures that I have presented, we have put in an extraordinarily good performance. We are not going to delve into guidance for the following year today. I think that you're familiar with how we handle these things. We're going to do this later this year in November. It's safe to say that the picture is going to be a little bit more differentiated. There are markets that are closer to the consumer, smartphones, battery-operated devices, household appliances. All of these will become weaker. There's no doubt about that.
On the other hand, we also have topics that have great strong structural growth potential, such as renewable energy, electric drivetrains, data centers, et cetera. All of this will come together to form a new picture, and we will try to convey it to you in November. Having said that, things are moving very dynamically right now, and we are monitoring all KPIs and any news very closely in order to basically cobble together this picture as best as possible.
Should the situation become weaker in general, then of course, we would look at investments, CapEx and other further open areas and take countermeasures. From a current perspective, I think that mainly we will focus on the very strong structural growth drivers.
Okay. Thank you very much.
Thank you. This brings us to our next question from Ilka Kopplin from Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. Please go ahead.
Good morning. I have three questions. First of all, I'd be interested in knowing this. You alluded to the fact that on principle, when the war on Ukraine started, you took measures for the locations here in Europe and in Austria to conserve gas. What exactly did you do? And on top of that, in the final analysis, what is your take on the situation? You say that you are in constant exchange with the authorities, but you cannot completely replace your gas needs, if I've understood you correctly. That would be too optimistic.
And I'd also like to know how worried you are when you look to China and Taiwan. The situation there is increasingly coming to a head, and I'd like to know what you think would happen if a possible war, of aggression would mean for your sector. Thank you.
Sorry, I forgot to switch on my microphone. Thank you very much, Mrs. Kopplin, for your questions. Mrs. Hufenbecher will respond to your first question with respect to gas, and I'll address China and Taiwan after that.
Thank you very much, Mrs. Kopplin. Jochen Hanebeck mentioned this earlier. We prepared ourselves since the beginning of the war in Ukraine to reduce our gas consumption as best as possible. Our objective is through to the fourth quarter to reduce our gas consumption from 2/3 to 1/3. As you said correctly, we cannot completely avoid using natural gas, especially when it comes to exhaust air purification. At short notice, we cannot renounce gas. Over the medium term, the situation may be different, but for climate control, especially of the clean rooms, to a certain degree, we can switch to oil.
We're prepared to do this. We have made investments for this purpose in corresponding infrastructure, and we have secured oil supplies so that we are confident that in particular, with respect to climate control and heating of the clean rooms, we can renounce gas to the greatest possible extent through to the end of the year. These are essentially the measures that we have taken with respect to natural gas. The situation, of course, is such that for our own consumption, direct gas sourcing is something that we're quite optimistic about. We're also trying to evaluate something else, but we will not be able to secure this completely, and that's the situation of our suppliers.
In particular, chemical supplies are essential, and here we're in exchange with our suppliers, but we cannot reliably say that at all times, all the materials that we need will be at our disposal. This remains the big unknown.
Thank you, Constanze. I'd like to attempt to answer the second question now. The situation with China and Taiwan is something that we are scrutinizing with great worry, I must say. Taiwan, with the factories that it has and the companies that are located there, is an essential supplier and player in the semiconductor chain. This is something that we have learned repeatedly, it's safe to say. Now, of course, it would only be speculative what scenarios could develop from this, and I'd ask you of your understanding that we cannot give you any insight on this.
However, serious ramifications could arise for the entire semiconductor industry and in turn for all related value chain. From a current perspective, all of that would be rather speculative. With respect to China. That was the answer with respect to Taiwan, obviously. Now, moving on to China. Yes? We have a 30% stake in our sales from China, but about 1/2 of this revenue is assumed to continue to be exported. These are products that will crop up somewhere else in other markets. That's what I wanted to say with respect to China. Now, I hope that I've answered your questions.
Thank you.
Thank you. Just as a reminder, to ask a question today, please press star one on your keypad. We have a question from Angela Maier from WirtschaftsWoche. Please go ahead, madam.
Good morning, Mr. Hanebeck. I have a knock-on question with respect to Taiwan. Perhaps you could quantify or describe the extent to which Infineon is dependent on that country, maybe in percentage of revenue or percentage of production that is local. Perhaps you could also tell us how you're going to react to this or how you are reacting to this, because this is a development that has lasted for quite a while and is coming to a head. Perhaps you could give us some insights on that. Thank you.
Yes. Thank you, Mrs. Maier, and good day to you. Now, I don't have the figures at my fingertips, but we have an outsourcing share. In other words, the share where we commission external manufacturers relative to the entire group is 30%.
This includes, for sure, Taiwan to a great extent, in particular, the two local foundries and a back-end player. However, this does not account for the entire 30%. We've also dedicated ourselves to this topic for quite a while already. With respect to resiliency, we are taking a very close look at the exposure that we have here and where we can establish and build up alternatives, in terms of packages. Packaging services situation is slightly easier than it is for the front-end technologies that are made in the foundries. What we're doing here is to take a look at possibilities of shifting capacities outside of Taiwan. However, this is a very long, drawn-out process. It takes a long time to make this conversion.
In terms of revenue, Taiwan accounts for roughly 10% of consolidated revenue, and we have a very high share of reexports here as well. On top of that, we support and endorse and welcome the European Chips Act and the U.S. CHIPS Act, which aim to build up capacity long term that is not located in Taiwan or China. I believe that this will be essential in order to avoid falling into an autarky. I don't think that'll ever happen, but at least we in Europe and also in the U.S., significant shares of the semiconductor value-added chain should be located. In other words, these two regions should own those supply chains to a great degree.
Okay, thank you very much.
Thank you very much. One last reminder, please press star one to ask a question. We're going to wait a couple of minutes. We have another question, this time from Christina Amann from Reuters. Please go ahead.
Hello, and good day to Munich. Mr. Hanebeck, I have a question with respect to the expected cool down. You said that once demand went down, you would take a look at CapEx to take countermeasures. You announced bigger investments, EUR 2.4 billion to expand front-end manufacturing and also in Asia. Would this relate to these investments, or are you talking about something entirely new next year? I know that sometimes you consider building new plants. Is this something that Infineon is mulling over? Is this in the offing, or is it not on your agenda at all?
Thank you very much, Mrs. Amann, for your question. The budget that you mentioned, EUR 2.4 billion, runs until the end of September, and I'm sure that all of it will be spent. With respect to the construction of the new fab in Kulim, which we communicated in February, well, this factory will definitely continue to be driven forward. On the one hand, this factory will generate revenue in 2025 to a significant extent.
Furthermore, this fab addresses an especially pronounced growth field, the wide-bandgap semiconductors, also known as silicon carbide or gallium nitride semiconductors. Here we will definitely keep our pedal on the metal, if I may use this metaphor. With respect to additional factories, well, we've always said that the power semiconductor sector means that you have to manufacture in-house because IP, first and foremost, lies in technology, in the front-end technology that is.
Because of that, it is safe to assume that we will continue to build factories. We've always said that we believe in economies of scale and that therefore, existing sites such as Dresden, Villach, and Kulim will always have a good position in this perspective. We don't have any announcements in this area.
We have a written question from Bloomberg. They would like to know our take on the further development in China with respect to further lockdowns. This gives our colleagues the possibility to file written questions. Please don't be surprised. This option is available. Thank you.
Well, of course, it's very difficult to answer this question. We are monitoring the situation as everyone else is doing. I believe that there are a series of cities which are already under lockdown right now and are suffering.
We've also seen a situation where a manufacturing site in Wuxi was temporarily affected, but that situation has changed. It's no longer the case. It remains to be seen how things pan out in that area of the world. We have tried to set ourselves up as best as possible, but it goes without saying that this situation also has ramifications for the end market and consumer confidence. In operating terms, we have managed this so far, and I believe that we will be able to succeed doing so going forward as well.
Thank you. There are no further questions from any of the people who have dialed in thus far. So no further questions over the telephone.
Very well. We don't have any more written questions either, so thank you very much for your support. That means we don't have any further requests to take the floor. Now I'd like to therefore close the Q&A session and would like to ask Mr. Hanebeck to make his concluding remarks.
Thank you, Mr. Hops. Listeners, the slower economic growth and geopolitical imponderabilities are leading to a deterioration in demand for some markets, in particular consumer markets. We are vigilant, watching out for early signs of cyclical movements in our markets, and are prepared to react promptly. Nevertheless we see robust dynamism in the most important fields of application for us: automotive industry, renewable energies, data centers, and the Internet of Things.
Supply is gradually improving, but is still far from enough to satisfy the strong consumer demand. The third quarter was a strong quarter, and we expect that revenue and results will continue to grow in the fourth quarter of the fiscal year. The strong demand for semiconductors is unbroken. Semiconductors are indispensable components in decarbonizing and digitalizing our lives.
Thank you for your interest. Stay healthy and goodbye.