Hello. Thank you for joining us today for Burberry's preliminary full-year results presentation. In terms of the agenda for today, I will start off with some brief remarks on our performance, then hand over to Ian to update you on our financial results. I will then provide an update on the business, and we'll take your questions at the end. I'm very pleased with our performance and the progress over the past year. We have delivered strong financial results. Revenue comp was up 7% and 14% excluding Mainland China, and adjusted operating margin increased 60 basis points at constant exchange rates. This was driven by strong performances in leather goods and outerwear and revenue accelerating in the fourth quarter as growth rebounded in Mainland China. In November, we set a clear ambition and strategy for the next phase.
Since then, we have successfully launched a new creative expression for the brand, and Daniel has presented his first show for Burberry. We are building on our strong foundations with a new brand aesthetic across all product categories. While the external environment remains uncertain, I'm confident that we can achieve our FY 2024 guidance and our GBP 4 billion revenue ambition in the medium term. I will now hand over to Ian, who will walk you through the numbers.
Thank you, Jonathan. Overall, we are pleased with FY 23 performance. In summary, retail comparable sales growth landed at 7% for the year and at 14% excluding Mainland China, where we saw significant COVID-19-related restrictions. Adjusted operating profit margin increased 60 basis points to 19% at constant exchange rates and increased to 20.5% at reported rates. Adjusted earnings per share grew 30% at reported rates, and we have increased the proposed annual dividend by 30% in line with adjusted EPS growth at reported rates. Cash conversion remains strong at 87%. Net debt to adjusted EBITDA landed at 0.5x , the bottom of our target range of 0.5x-1 x.
Having completed the GBP 400 million share buyback in FY 2023, our strong financials enable us to announce a further GBP 400 million share buyback for the current year to remain within our target leverage range in line with our capital allocation policy. We are retaining the guidance for FY 2024, and the medium-term targets also remain unchanged. Turning to the abbreviated income statement, and as usual, I will refer to changes at constant exchange rates at CER. Please note that FY 2022 was a 53-week year under our retail calendar, and the 53rd week contributed GBP 35 million of revenue, GBP 27 million gross profit, and GBP 9 million of adjusted operating profit. The 53rd week is removed when calculating growth at CER. Revenue is reported at GBP 3.1 billion, a 5% underlying increase and 10% reported.
Overall, we saw an 80 BPS reduction in gross margin impacted by inflationary pressures that were only partly offset by price increases. Adjusted operating profit was GBP 634 million, increasing by 8% at CER. The adjusted operating profit margin benefited from 60 BPS of underlying business improvement despite COVID-19 disruption in Mainland China, and closed at 20.5% at reported rates, including a 150 BPS currency benefit. Adjusted diluted EPS rose 30% at reported rates, benefiting from increased interest income and reduced shares in issue following the share buyback program. Free cash flow remains strong at GBP 393 million in the year, an increase of 16% with conversion at 87%. A full year dividend of GBP 0.61 per share is proposed, growing at 30% in line with adjusted EPS growth at reported rates.
Adjusting operating items amounted to GBP 23 million, including a net profit from the sale of our Boston store. We have published full details of adjusting items in the appendix. I shall now move on to the detailed performance for the year and the fourth quarter, starting with revenue. Comparable store sales increased 7% in the year. We saw a 1% reduction from spaced, leading to total retail growth of 6% at CER. Wholesale revenue increased 1%, with EMEA seeing double-digit growth offsetting pressure in Asia travel retail. Licensing continued to see good traction, rising 22%. Total revenue was up 5% at CER and 10% on a reported basis. Reflecting on FY23 revenue progression, performance by quarter was impacted by COVID-19 disruption in Mainland China, principally in Q1 and Q3.
However, outside Mainland China, we saw a consistent underlying performance with sales up 14% overall and a double-digit % growth in each quarter. Moving on to the regions that Jonathan will describe in more detail later. EMEA was a standout performer, showing good double-digit growth every quarter, with Q4 rising 27% in line with the full year average. The region has benefited from tourists outside Mainland China, with a mix of tourists rising to over 40% for the full year versus under 25% last year. In Q4, we saw high single-digit growth compared to 2019 levels, despite Chinese tourists being around 80% lower. Americas was more subdued at -3% for the year and -7% in Q4 due to a softening macro environment with a decline in men's shoes and ready-to-wear.
Americas nationals were up 2% in the year, although fell 2% in Q4. Mainland China showed a strong recovery during Q4, increasing 13% with the lifting of COVID-19 restrictions and was flattish against two years ago. Chinese nationals increased 23% in Q4 with good nearshore tourist growth. Asia Pacific was very strong in Q4, up 19%, with South Korea up 7%, Japan up 30%, and South Asia Pacific up over 50%. Adjusted operating profit rose from GBP 514 million, adjusted to 52 weeks of FY 2022 to GBP 556 million, up 8% in the year at CER, boosted to GBP 634 million, up 21% at reported rates. Overall, gross margin landed at 69.7% at CER, broadly in line with our guidance of around 70%.
During the year, we saw inflationary pressures on transport, raw materials, and labor that was only partly offset by price increases. Net operating expenses were up 2% at CER due to increases in net selling and marketing, offset by a reduction in administration costs. Currency was a major contributor, as mentioned, bringing our adjusted operating profit margin to 20.5% at reported rates. Turning now to the cash flow statement. We delivered strong free cash flow of GBP 393 million, with conversion of 87%. Working capital was an outflow of GBP 76 million. Both trade creditor and trade receivable days were broadly in line with last year. Inventory turn remained flat at 2x, but within this, there is a much higher current season percentage at the period end. The cash outflow in the current year was primarily due to the phasing of our spend.
COVID lockdowns in mainland China impacted our ability to make payments in the fourth quarter of FY 2022, and certain non-trade items required higher accruals in the prior year. Capital expenditures was GBP 179 million, broadly in line with our guidance, mainly focused on investments in the store network of GBP 110 million, where we opened or refurbished 60 stores during the year with a further 7 in April, and IT investments of GBP 60 million. Tax cash was at GBP 140 million outflow, falling GBP 40 million compared to the prior year, which included one-off payments. Moving on to our net cash bridge and capital allocation. We started the year with net cash at GBP 879 million and generated GBP 572 million of cash before CapEx.
We invested GBP 179 million in CapEx for organic growth, and dividends amounted to an outflow of GBP 203 million. We also returned GBP 400 million via share buyback in the year. We ended the year with net cash of GBP 663 million and net debt of GBP 460 million after GBP 1.1 billion of IFRS 16 lease liabilities. This results in a net debt to adjusted EBITDA ratio of 0.5x , the bottom of our target range that extends to 1x adjusted EBITDA. Based on strong cash position and expectations for FY 2024, we are planning to return a further GBP 400 million to shareholders via share buyback during this year. Finally, the current year outlook and guidance.
We confirm our near-term guidance for FY 2024 to grow revenue at high single-digit CAGR at 2020 CER, and to achieve an adjusted operating profit margin of around 20%. We are expecting retail space to be broadly flat for the year. For wholesale revenue, we are guiding to around a low double-digit decline in H1. Expect the full year to recover to broadly flat growth with the cadence impacting H1, H2 revenue weighting. The effective tax rate is expected to be around 27%, primarily due to the increase in the UK corporation tax rate from 19% to 25%. We expect CapEx at around GBP 200 million, including GBP 120 million on stores. Currency is now expected to be a headwind to revenue of around GBP 70 million and adjusted operating profit of around GBP 40 million based on 21st April spot rates.
Finally, as mentioned, we have announced a further GBP 400 million share buyback to complete in the current financial year. I will now hand back to Jonathan.
Last November, I shared the ambition for Burberry's next phase to realize our potential as the modern British luxury brand. Building on our strong foundations, reinterpreting our heritage and unique attributes with a modern vision and aesthetic, leveraging them to drive revenue growth and acceleration. I presented our plan to achieve this, focusing on 3 key elements: harness the power of the brand, bring all product categories to full potential, and to strengthen distribution. We have made good progress across all areas. We talked about the opportunity to bring more clarity to the brand, refocusing on Britishness and broadening our appeal. With Daniel, we have started to address this with the launch of a new creative expression of the brand. I'm pleased to share with you a short video of some of the highlights so far.
In February, we revealed a new brand identity with a new Burberry wordmark. Alongside this, we've refreshed our iconic Equestrian Knight Design. This is a heritage mark from our archive that has existed since 1901. Daniel was very excited to revisit this and bring it to life in bold new color. In February, we relaunched new branding across multiple touchpoints, including the facades and interiors of our stores in key fashion cities. In each location, we brought to life the Equestrian Knight in a unique way through colors, textures, and shapes specifically designed for each space. Here you can see hand-embroidered flags outside our store in Regent Street, London, and our store windows in Sloane Street, and in our store interiors in SoHo, New York.
For our store in Rue Saint-Honoré, Paris, we collaborated with British artist Tom Atton Moore, who created 7 back-to-back suspended works to hang in the store's windows. As well as a bespoke rug installation, this brought to life our new vision in a cohesive yet localized way, elevating the customer experience in each stores. Alongside this, we launched Daniel's first campaign for Burberry. Set against a contemporary London backdrop, the campaign featured a cast reflective of modern British society that Daniel styled in our iconic rainwear and Burberry Check. The campaign presented a sharper and more coherent brand image, which we rolled out consistently across all communication touchpoints. Here are examples of some of the impactful out-of-home displays in top-tier cities, including Los Angeles and Tokyo, as well as print spreads in key fashion magazines, which were supported by partnerships on social media.
In November, I mentioned the opportunity that Burberry has to give a stronger level of inspiration and pull to the brand. I called out our advertising at Heathrow Airport, and as you can see here, the results of this campaign are quite impactful. Overall, the campaign reached nearly 0.5 billion people in its first week. At the same time, we've taken a fresh approach to our social media, which we believe gives us sharper content, more creativity, and better engagement. Our goal is to deliver a more inspirational experience, and we plan to do this by developing stories with creators who interpret the brand in new and exciting ways. We will build on this as we continue to roll out our new creative expression for the brand with a greater focus on product in the coming months.
We followed the launch of our new creative expression by returning to London Fashion Week schedule for Autumn/Winter 2023 runway show. For Daniel's debut collection, we built a custom-made tent in Kennington Park to create a show space that reinforced our connection with the great British outdoors. The seats were covered in bespoke colored Check blankets, and the audience had a strong representation of creative talent across all industries, which helped make the show very impactful. The show introduced a bold new color palette to our aesthetic and reimagined codes synonymous with Burberry, such as gabardine, the Equestrian Knight, and Check. It also celebrated British symbols like the rose and swan. Combined, the campaign and the show performed very well across press, generating over 4,000 pieces of global coverage with an estimated reach of 4 billion.
Key fashion publications celebrated this new chapter, recognizing the strong connection with our British identity, and editors praised Daniel's creativity, revisiting the brand's heritage through an innovative evolution of our codes and product. The response from our consumers to our creative expression was also overwhelmingly positive, with many calling out the Britishness of the collection and expressing excitement about what's to come. The show was the season's most-viewed show on Vogue Runway across all fashion weeks. In November, we shared our ambition to bring all categories to their full potential, shifting our mix more towards accessories. I'm very pleased with the progress that we've made, particularly in our core categories. In outerwear, growth was up 7% versus last year and up 16% excluding mainland China, with a strong acceleration in heritage rainwear in Q4.
In leather goods, we're up 12% versus last year and up 19% excluding mainland China, with strong growth in women's bags as well as men's leather goods. Performance was also strong in women's ready-to-wear, which delivered double-digit growth year-on-year. I also said that we'd make our campaigns and brand activations more relevant, more coherent, and more connected to who we are and what we offer. Our brand campaign is a good example of this. Our iconic rainwear featured front and center of the campaign. We dressed our VIPs and brand ambassadors in the show in heritage trench coats. Daniel opened his collection with a look that featured his modern take on the Burberry trench. We launched a refreshed version of our trench containing organic cotton and launched it in 10 pop-ins and pop-ups in high-visibility cities.
This 360-degree approach was a great success and delivered very strong acceleration in heritage rainwear sales, which doubled year-over-year in the last quarter. In leather goods, we continued to see strength in our women's bag pillars, particularly Lola, Frances, and our newly launched Vintage Check line. We launched our Vintage Check line in Q4, and it is resonating very well with our customers. We're excited to build on this with Daniel's new product, and I'm very pleased with the work that we have done for Daniel's first collection. It covered a refresh of all our product categories, including new families of distinctive bags, enhancing our current offer, a completely new shoe offer which has strong potential, and a fresh take on ready-to-wear, with a broader offer for the Burberry woman.
This collection will land in our stores and online from September and will showcase this dynamic new offer through our campaigns and marketing activations globally. We look forward to building on this with our future collections. In terms of distribution, across markets, performance has been particularly robust in EMEA, and we are seeing strong momentum in APAC, with growth accelerating in the last quarter as COVID restrictions were lifted in mainland China. We're progressing at speed with the rollout of our store refurbishment plan, and we've delivered a material improvement in store productivity. We've focused on strengthening our foundations in e-commerce, and we have developed a comprehensive plan to unlock our potential in this channel. Starting with the EMEA, we had a very strong performance this year, up 27% versus last year. Performance was strong across all markets and particularly in UK, Italy and Spain.
This was primarily driven by the return of tourists, particularly from Americas and Asia. All product categories grew double digit versus last year, with very positive performance across our core strategic pillars. New and refurbished stores now represent 25% of the network in the region. Here is an example of our refurbished store in Place Vendôme, Qatar, which we reopened in June 2022. In Americas, we are seeing some softening in the region due to the recent macroeconomic slowdown. I'm encouraged by the direction in which our business mix is evolving. We are recruiting more higher-spending women buying into higher AUR products, particularly leather goods. We will build on this through dedicated local store activations and as we continue to roll out our store refurbishment program.
We have two major refurbishments planned: 57th Street, New York, starting over the summer, and Rodeo Drive, Los Angeles, which will reopen in June. While the 57th Street refurbishment takes place, we'll be opening exciting pop-up on Fifth Avenue, which Daniel has curated to maintain strong engagement with our local clients. You can see here our store in Dallas, which opened in October. It provides a significantly elevated shopping experience. In Asia Pacific, our performance has been volatile, primarily driven by Mainland China and Chinese customer travel restrictions. However, we closed the year positively, up 2% versus last year, and saw strong growth momentum in the last quarter, up 19% following Mainland China's reopening in January. In Mainland China, overall, performance for the year has landed down 11% versus last year and was heavily affected by the COVID-related disruptions.
Since the lifting of the restrictions in January, we have seen a gradual recovery, delivering growth of 13% in Q4, with strong performance during the Lunar New Year. I visited the region earlier this year, traveling to Chengdu, Beijing and Shanghai, visiting more than 30 stores. I was impressed by the quality of our store network and by the energy and excitement of our teams for this new chapter of the brand. In April, we also welcomed Chinese actor Chen Kun as our latest brand ambassador and look forward to collaborating with him for future brand events and campaigns. South Korea delivered strong growth in FY 2023 on the back of an already strong performance last year. This was achieved thanks to the successful elevation of our brand perception, improvements in our store network, and by capitalizing on our strength in outerwear.
Japan grew 27% versus last year, this is a region where we see very strong potential and our core product pillars are resonating well as we have seen the highest share of leather goods. The rest of Asia grew 36% versus last year, we are seeing strong rebound with the Chinese tourism. Overall, in this region, we are most advanced with the refurbishment of our network, with 40% of our doors new or converted to date. This is one of our more recent refreshes, Taikoo Li in Chengdu, Mainland China, which we opened this March. Here, we created highly localized and culturally relevant store experience, which is resonating very well with our customers. As mentioned in November, strengthening our distribution will be key to accelerating our growth, we are already delivering results.
In FY23, we increased the number of updated stores by 60, bringing the total number of new and refurbishment stores to around 30% of the full-price network. These stores enable us to deliver a different customer experience with a more dynamic product discovery journey and a stronger focus on our accessories categories. We aim to reach more than 50% of the network, which will cover the majority of our key doors by next year, and to complete all store refurbishments across our network by FY26. We also highlighted our goal to transform store productivity. We saw a material improvement versus last year. This was supported by optimizing the size and location of our store network and elevating it through the store refurbishment program. Strong growth in higher AUR categories, including leather goods and outerwear, and double-digit increase in sales from top-spending customers.
Giorgio Belloli has joined us in a newly created role of Chief Digital Customer and Innovation Officer. He has a deep experience in luxury e-commerce, and he is bringing a new energy and fresh ideas to the team. We've developed a comprehensive plan to unlock our potential in this area. This includes maximizing traffic to burberry.com, elevating and personalizing the shopping experience to drive conversion, and creating an exciting offer for our online consumer. In September, we'll unveil a new creative expression and customer experience on our website as we launch our Winter 2023 collection. To execute our plan, we have also made changes to our operating model and hired other specialists in new leadership roles. We have integrated our supply chain and product development teams under a new Chief Supply Chain and Industrial Officer, Klaus Bierbrauer, to improve efficiency while ensuring end-to-end ownership for delivery.
We have also strengthened the connection between product merchandising, planning and design under a new Chief Merchandising Officer, Delphine Sonder. This will enable us to ensure consistency and balance in the offer, enabling a high level of productivity. We've streamlined our collection structure to simplify the product development and planning process for each collection while also optimizing deliveries to the store.
Our core offer continues to be a strength and great asset. We are now improving delivery flow and availability across all retail doors. This will enable us to improve on-time delivery and drive option productivity. We are already seeing positive results in the categories where we have implemented these changes. Alongside these changes, we are strengthening our industrial capabilities. In March, we entered into an agreement to acquire product development business from Pattern, a long-standing Italian supplier. This strategic investment will enhance our technical outerwear capabilities, building on our strong manufacturing heritage in the U.K., and provide greater control over product quality, delivery, and sustainability. We also appointed Kate Ferry as our new Chief Financial Officer. Kate has extensive experience of public market, business transformation and development, and an excellent understanding of the luxury industry. She's a strong addition to our leadership team.
I'm excited about her joining in July to support this next phase of Burberry's development. We continue to make progress on our responsibility commitments. We further reduced our Scope 1, 2 and 3 carbon emissions and expanded our aftercare services to cover more products in more stores. To support our U.K. employees through the cost of living crisis, we brought forward the living wage increase by more than six months. We also expanded our wellbeing program to benefit more than 5,000 workers in our extended supply chain, and we continue to positively impact young people through community programs and The Burberry Foundation. I'm very pleased with what we've achieved this year, and I'm proud at the pace in which we're executing our plan.
Our teams are very excited about this new phase, and I would like to thank them for their hard work and support over the past year. While the external environment remains uncertain, I'm confident we can achieve our ambitions and realize Burberry's potential as the modern British luxury brand. Ian and I will now take your questions.
Ladies and gentlemen, if you wish to ask a question, please press star followed by 1 on your telephone keypad. If you change your mind and wish to remove yourself, please press star followed by 2. When preparing to ask a question, please ensure that your phone is unmuted locally. To confirm, that's star followed by 1 to ask a question. The first question is from the line of Chiara Battistini with JP Morgan.
Thank you very much. Good morning, everyone. I have a couple of questions, please. Firstly, as Daniel Lee now has presented the first collection, I was wondering if you could give us more color on how the order book is shaping up on his collections, the response from the buyers, and also how that ties in with the guidance for wholesale down low double digit in H1, please. My second question is on spend and on your OpEx plan for this year. You've talked in the presentation about hirings, about investments in the stores, about investments on the brand. I was wondering how you're thinking about your OpEx growth for this year.
Notably, given the OpEx were very well contained in H2 this year, whether we should expect a further acceleration on OpEx spend. Actually, finally, sorry, on the growth margin, you mentioned in H2 that it was down under inflationary pressure. Is, was there any promotional activity or any push into outlets on the old collections as you transition towards Daniel Lee, please? Thank you.
Hi, Chiara. Thanks for those questions. Just, first of all, with regards to Daniel and the order book, in regards to wholesale, as you know, we launched Daniel's collection for our show, which is the smaller part of most buyers buy for the winter collection. It's a smaller phasing, and indeed, the deliveries for that will start in September. The response to the show from our wholesale clients was overwhelmingly positive, super excitement. We had probably a bigger attendance in terms of wholesale clients and key fashion press than we've had for many years. We were really, I think that ticked all of the boxes for us and people were very encouraged by what they saw in the showrooms.
We had some good response. We had some pickups in categories where we did expect, particularly in accessories. Where really we will see this comes through from the following season, so the next big collection that we launched to our wholesale clients is in two weeks, in June, which will be our pre-collection, which tends to be the bulk phasing of their buyers. We're very encouraged, which is why we've also highlighted this phasing from a softer half two, a softer half one ramping up into a stronger half two.
Obviously, Americas, which I'm sure we'll talk about, was the main impact in terms of our wholesale guidance for half one, which was really down to an overall macro effect on our wholesale clients, mainly doing destocking. In terms of wholesale response, and feedback, and indeed momentum, in relation to Daniel and the new era, super excited. Just a quick anecdote there. I'm sure you saw from the show, you know, completely new aesthetic, and, you know, a lot of development and cohesion across all product categories. When we had the showroom in Paris, our store is probably about a 10-minute walk from our showroom.
If you went into our store, it's full of incredible product, which we're actually trading very well at the moment, as you saw. You walk down 10 minutes into the showroom, and the showroom was full of life, full of color rather. This is obviously complementing the core offer that we have and we will always continue to maintain. Overall, very excited. You know, this will take a few seasons for us to develop and get to exactly where we need to be, but we've got... We've seen an improvement in our shoe offer overnight within... Again, just to repeat, this has been done within 4 months of Daniel starting. We have a new refreshed shoe offer. The bags, incredible offer of bags.
All of these have been really well-received, so we're super encouraged by that. In terms of the CapEx spend, we've raised our CapEx in terms of our front-facing investments for next year, so we're speeding up our store refurbishments. Last year in FY 2023, we refurbished 60 stores. Going forward, by the end of this year, we'll have more than 50% of our network covered. Really pleased with how that's progressing. In terms of OpEx spend, we touched on this before in November. We will be increasing our OpEx spend versus the OpEx, the marketing spend, versus what we spent in this year.
A continued investment in the brand, particularly coming through CapEx and our real estate and then in OpEx in terms of marketing. The GM pressures were really related to inflationary pressures that we had. We managed to partially offset that from price increases, but most of the impact that we had on the margin was related to our inflationary pressures and cost of goods.
Great. Thank you very much.
The next question is from the line of Edouard Aubin with Morgan Stanley. Your question please.
Hi. Good morning. Thank you. Just one follow-up on wholesale. Given the anticipated decline you do expect in wholesale in the front half, could you just help us with the level and quality of your inventory at wholesale partners today, especially in the U.S.? Secondly, more broadly on the U.S., following the softening in trends that you did see in Q4, could you comment on what you're seeing on the U.S. retail trends as we've moved into April and May? It would also be really helpful to understand, what your 2024 outlook embeds for the U.S. market as well, please. Thank you very much.
Yeah. Thank you. With regards to our wholesale, again, it's worth pointing out that post-COVID, as you know, there was a big growth in terms of our business, both in wholesale and in retail, which was primarily at the entry price of our offer. As the business has softened through last year, through the back end of last year, the calendar year of last year, inventory levels are higher in terms of our wholesale clients in terms of the stock that they're holding. It's not a problem. This has resulted in a lower order base, which is why we're highlighting that our half 1 order base is going to be lower, which is really driven by the U.S. situation that I've just explained.
That would really enable them to destock and get a correction of their inventory levels. In terms of our overall U.S. business, I mean, positively, despite what I've mentioned in terms of the lower price categories giving, having been softened from a very high base 2 years ago, we're seeing an encouraging response to our higher AUR offer, mainly coming through bags and leather goods, so very positive there. We've also seen actually a good growth in our elite customers. We're confident that, you know, this is really in line with the overall elevation strategy that we've put in place. We're confident that we're in the right place and we're managing that in the right direction.
We're also just going forward into that, in terms of the elevation strategy, we're building on a lot more local activations to sort of, you know, really push Daniel's collections as we go into the second calendar half of this year. We're refurbishing heavily and we're investing heavily and accelerating our refurbishment program in the U.S. We're closing our rodeo store for just a couple of months. That will open again in June. That will be fully refurbished. The bigger project is 57th Street in New York. We're also, to balance that out, we're opening a pop-up in Fifth Avenue, so really pleased about that. Just another, you know, quick highlight, we've had a trunk show with our new offer and our new collections.
We've got all of our top elite clients in to see that, and, super excited about, what we saw there in terms of pre-orders.
Great. Thank you.
The next question is from the line of Thomas Chauvet with Citi.
Good morning, Jonathan and Ian. three questions, please. To continue on regions, nationalities, Europe and China. The European LFL were nearly up 30% Q4. What was the share of locals versus tourists? Can you comment on the growth in local European demand? Any weakness there like you saw in the U.S.? For the Chinese customer base, obviously, quite a nice tailwind in Q4. How do you expect that clientele to respond to Daniel Lee's collection versus Riccardo? You know, what will differ in terms of the appreciation of the style of certain categories? What do you think will work better with that cluster? Secondly, FX-It's a fact of life, you're now getting the reversal of last year's benefit.
Can you tell us whether the GBP 40 million headwind on EBIT is prompting you any price action that goes beyond the normal strategy of brand elevation and pricing just to offset that GBP 40 million headwind? Finally, a question on your product mix. You talk in the press release about strong growth in Q4 in the refreshed heritage trench coat, while men's ready-to-wear, excluding outerwear, so I guess a lot of casual wear there, was much softer. Do you think we're going through an important change in the fashion cycle where consumers will return maybe to a more formal way of dressing, and therefore, casual wear, streetwear by product perhaps underperforming from here? If so, how are you and Daniel Lee preparing for that?
you know, I would be keen to hear your view on the mix between, you know, classic and formal wear and casual wear, street wear. Thank you.
Okay, thanks, Thomas. Just starting on the EMEA, we saw, you know, a very good growth, as you said, in the year, 24% up in the quarter. Tourism was the main driver of that. Our EU locals were up in Q4, which was driven by mainland Europeans. Our tourist mix, however, was very positive. We're 41% for the year versus 24% last year. Q4, we saw 40% again versus 27%. It's pretty similar there. The encouraging thing is obviously a high level of tourist flows going into mainland Europe, which is good, especially clearly coming, at the moment, coming from our US and the Middle East.
The tourist mix overall for us is 40% tourist, 60% local. This really highlights the great job that we've done in terms of growing and developing our local customer. In terms of China, really encouraged by the performance that we're having in China. We've seen a strong uplift in terms of our tourist flows in China going down into Southeast Asia as well. Our mainland China recovery was 13% in Q4, you know, big improvement on Q3. Our Chinese nationals increased 23% in Q4. We're really pleased with how that's going. I think the, the most encouraging sign for us was to see a high level of tourist spend going into Southeast Asia.
We feel, I touched on it earlier, but we feel that, we were right to be continuing in our investments in the regions in terms of our store refurbishments in China. Our network there, I was really impressed when I saw it. Our positioning is extremely strong, and the stores look great. This will also help us, going on to one of your next questions in terms of product mix. I mean, the offer and the journey flow through the stores to how it was pre-COVID-19 in China, we believe will give us, you know, a good opportunity to increasing the store productivity there. Also welcomed a new brand ambassador, Chen Kun, who's extremely well known there.
We think that this will help us to, you know, considerably improve and ramp up our marketing activities there. We're really encouraged by that. At the moment, we haven't embedded in our the upside that we could potentially get in terms of Chinese tourists coming into Europe. We're looking forward to seeing how that develops as the summer season develops. Really pleased with how we are in China. Just again, a little bit of a insight there into what I saw when I visited in March.
It's very clear to me that the appetite for Burberry for what's to come in terms of, you know, Daniel Lee is very well known in Asia, not only in across Asia, you know, including Japan and Korea. There's a huge level of excitement there. The customers are really aware of his talent, what he will bring. They've studied the show at great length and really positive. This isn't just anecdotes. People are coming into the stores wanting to know when it will be delivered and, you know, a high level of interest in all product categories. From that respect, we're really encouraged. It's positive.
In terms of the product mix that you mentioned and the shift, really encouraged by the growth that we've had, in outerwear. Outwear being, you know, a key strength of ours. The fact that we could, grow our outerwear business overall, by 16%, excluding mainland China, but 7% overall, I think is a good achievement for our core product. The rainwear campaign that, we did, that I did call out, I said we were going to focus on our core strengths of our business as we went into this calendar year, with a stronger, 360-degree approach to that. That was, I would say, brilliantly executed, actually, even better than I expected.
For us to have in our peak trading periods, you know, through March post-show of having growth, triple-digit growth on our core category, I think this is something that people are really calling out as an opportunity for Burberry and something that maybe potentially we were missing in the past.We're definitely seeing, you know, I think it's in line with what I touched on there with the Americas, that the more entry price level of product is softening in some cases. Men's jersey is one area, so that, you know, that's really, you know, in relation to the macro situation that I discussed in America. However, we're shaping our offer. You know, this was something also that we've been working towards in terms of our merchandising offer, our offer in our stores.
In fact, when you do go into the U.S., the share of our accessory business in the U.S. is one of the strongest across all of our regions, which I think is encouraging, and it's in line with, you know, with what we wanted to do. We're building on, in terms of trends in the marketplace, I would say, you know, clearly now there's the good thing is it's this is really playing to our, you know, the direction that we're going. You know, there's evidence that people are now, you know, casualization trend that we've seen very evident, you know, in the past four or five years is still important.
We're also seeing people now coming more into areas like dress shoes, formal tailoring, dresses, even categories like knitwear, very, a big opportunity for us, where historically we've been a little bit soft. We've been building up on those categories there as well. As well as being a trend, it's something that we've been calling out in terms of opportunities for Burberry.
Jonathan, do you want me to pick up?
Yeah, sorry.
No, no problem. Thomas, thanks for the question. You mentioned the FX headwind coming through in FY 2024, quite right. In terms of pricing, FX is a factor, but it's not the deterministic factor, of course, in our pricing reviews that we conduct, for each season and regularly by reference really to local competition and global indices. FX may come into it from time to time, but it's very volatile, it's short term, and it's not something we chase in terms of pricing strategy. I hope that answers your question.
Thank you, Ian. Thank you, Jonathan.
Thanks so much.
The next question is from the line of Charles-Louis Scotti with Kepler.
Good morning. Thank you for taking my questions. I have three, actually. In China, we are seeing mixed economic data, very recently, especially the unemployment rate of young people. Can you update us on the current trading in Q1? Obviously, I guess it's accelerating strongly year-on-year, but if you could give us an idea of the growth on a two-year stack or three-year stack if it's more relevant for you. Second question, can you update us, please, on your ambition to increase your sales density by 50% to GBP 25,000 by I guess fiscal year ending March 26th? This would be very helpful if you could remind us what is the starting point in terms of fiscal year.
Lastly, you are getting more retail space flat this year. If I look at your store network in fiscal year ending March 23 and also over the past 6 years, the network of directly operated stores and especially concessions has been streamlined in EMEA. Shall we expect further concession closure there or are you happy with the network currently? Thank you.
Yes. Thank you, Charles. In terms of, maybe, Ian, I can part share this, but in terms of China and the performance of China today, as I said, we're very encouraged with the performance of what we saw in Q4. I would say at the moment that current trend is actually still continuing. Can't really say too much about that at the moment, but I think we can assume that we will continue to focus on our business in China. Overall, our local Chinese business versus pre-COVID is flattish. You know, it's a good improvement from what we've had last year. This is positive. In terms of the densities, our densities are up in FY 23.
Really moving on to, you know, our ambition is 25,000 square meters, as you mentioned, in FY25. We've been pleased with the progress that we've made through last year, and we're moving towards our target of achieving that, which would be more than a 50% increase in our overall densities. On the size of the network, again, I've called this out before. I think we had a good rationalization of our network before I joined. I personally feel that the network that we have, we're very well repositioned. I'm very happy with that. It will pretty much remain as it is, if anything, just minor fine-tuning.
Pretty much I would say we're looking to keep our retail space pretty much in line with how it is today.
Thank you very much.
The next question is from the line of Thierry Cota with SG.
Yes. Good morning, Ian and Jonathan. Three questions for me. First, could you make some comments on the tailwinds and headwinds for the gross margin this year after the H2 erosion and basically what you expect overall at that level of margin? Secondly, on your wholesale implicit to edge guidance for this year of, I presume, double-digit growth, I was wondering if there was anything specific, any specific aspects to wholesale to bear in mind or whether we can start to consider it as a proxy for retail, to some extent, or not?
Lastly, on your medium-term target of high single-digit growth, if that does equate to get there a sort of low-teens approach for this year, I was wondering if you could help us break it down between price and volume or ASP and volume in your mind, and again, in the context of possible or not, price increases this year. Thank you.
Sure. Thanks, Thierry. I'll start on the wholesale part question, and then Ian will follow up on the other two. In terms of our wholesale guidelines, you know, as I mentioned, as we've mentioned before, the H1 slip is pretty much related to the macro issue that we're having in terms of American wholesale. We expect to see this lift in the H2. We also, it's just worth pointing out as well, in FY 23, we also have pressures on wholesale in terms of our duty-free business and travel retail wholesale orders. We see those coming back in H2, so this is one positive.
Just reminding you in terms of our long-term strategy with wholesale, where we're working towards it being a 15% of our mix. Still an important channel, but it, you know, it's an area where we would also look to, you know, we're focusing really on the retail side and top line growth, and we manage our wholesale business accordingly. We will target it to be around 50%-15% of our total mix.
Thanks, Jonathan. Thanks, Thierry, for the question. Yes, on gross margin, quite right to pick out the headwinds that we face during FY 2023, certainly inflationary pressures coming through transport, materials and labor, ending with that 69.7% at CER. We will see some of those pressures still coming through in H1 in FY 2024, although the transport costs are alleviating a little with lower fuel costs and greater supply. There's also some mix trends going on within gross margin, of course, wholesale to retail and regional mix that will have an impact, positive impact with gross margin. Some benefits coming through there. Overall, we're guiding gross margin at this point, roughly around the same level, around 70% for FY 2024.
On the high single digit growth, CAGR from FY 2020-2024 is the guidance for this year. We haven't broke that down between price and volume. Prices are coming through for the most part in FY 2023 as part of the mix, so we probably expect that to continue in FY 2024 as well.
All right, great. Thank Thank you very much.
Thank you.
The next question is from the line of Louise Singlehurst with Goldman Sachs.
Hi, good morning, Jonathan and Ian. Thanks for taking my questions. I've got two, please, if I can. Just more broadly on like the cluster and the performance. Obviously, we're halfway through the quarter. I know there's very limited information that you can give us on that. Just to check, has there been any particular change, like through the quarter, the exit rate, if we think about that U.S. cluster? I know, Jonathan, you were saying in the press this morning that the U.S. is under pressure, but I just wondered if there's been any further deterioration at the end of the quarter and going into Q1. Similarly across European, domestic, China, obviously, you've already given us some color on already. If we could focus on those and obviously elsewhere in Asia, that would be great.
My second question, just thinking more broadly about the EBIT margin. Obviously, the FX impact was bigger than we were all expecting in fiscal 2023. We've got the headwind in 2024. I mean, how confident are you if we think about the underlying margin expansion on a constant currency basis of expansion in 2024 versus 2023 constant currency? Thank you.
Thanks, Louise. I'll just touch on current trading. Obviously, I don't want to go into too much detail there. In terms of China, I would say no change in the trajectory in the region. You know, we've seen, you know, a good continuation of where we are today. The nationality has accelerated from Q4. We had a really good period in Golden Week, which was great. Again, good performance on Golden Week versus last year. In America, some deterioration, not too significant versus Q4. It continues to be difficult, driven by a decline in really those categories that I mentioned earlier. EMEA really pleased with EMEA. Continues to show a good growth there, good double-digit growth there.
I haven't really touched on it before, but mentioned it in the slide. It's, you know, still an area of opportunity for us, but seeing very good trading coming from Japan and Southeast Asia as well. This has been a big highlight for us. Actually, in terms of Asia-Pacific, probably one of our biggest positives, I would say. We're really encouraged with how that's going in Macau, Hong Kong into Singapore. Some really, really strong performance there as the tourist flows increase. Yeah, that's, I would say the main takeout there.
Yes, Louise. Hi, thanks for the question. As you say, we are guiding on FY 2024 to around 20%, EBIT margin. That's after the investment that we're gonna make in customer-facing activities that Jonathan mentioned earlier. If you take the FY 2023 margin at FY 2020 FX rates, you get to 19.6. Coming to around 20 is progression. Then you've got to adjust for the FX, as we've said, -40 against EBIT for this year. That will fit you in the right position, I think.
Great. Thank you.
The next question is from the line of Luca Solca with Bernstein.
Yes, good morning. My questions are on price discipline. I understand you were saying, Jonathan, that your long-term goal is to reduce wholesale to 15%. I see that some of your peers, take Gucci or Prada in the most recent years, who are also exposed to wholesale, have reduced that to around 10% in the most recent years. Is there any particular reason why you would want to be ahead of them and why you wouldn't want to be lower in the high single digits, for example? Wouldn't that give you more control on price execution? The second question connected to this is on the GBP 2.5 billion in retail revenues. How much of that is dependent on off-price distribution?
Would be, GBP 750 million far off the mark at this point? You've been pointing out, positive trends in full price sales. Maybe connected to this, if you could, give us a sense of where your full price stores profitability is, that would be, that would be great if possible. Thank you.
Hi, Luca. Thanks for that. I mean, good questions. I would say, in terms of, you know, the target that we set in terms of our wholesale mix going to 15% is very much a, you know, a midterm target. It's a target that's been set, you know, as I joined the business a year ago. This is really the first step for us. Wholesale is an important channel for us, I would say. You know, historically, we've, you know, we're with some very strong partners there. We're pleased with the distribution that we have today with regards to wholesale and the performance of it.
There is and there will be, I think one of the areas where we've already started is the conversion of some of our good top wholesale distribution, particularly through department stores. You know, we're working on converting a lot of that into concession. is a journey that we are very much on at the moment. So, I guess we'll able to share some more color on that, you know, further down the line. In terms of on the pricing, we've got, you know, we. This is something that we, you know, we don't share the mix of our business in terms of outlet versus full price sales.
Our full price strategy is very much the key part of our strategic plan, and we're very encouraged with the pickup that we've been having in our wholesale, in our full price business performance. This is really what we're focusing on. With regards to the outlets, it's a channel for us at the moment that works well for us, working on liquidating our end of season product. You know, that's the way it is at the moment. You know, that's what we'll continue to focus on. It's very much a focus on the full price business.
You know, I would probably here call out, obviously we've seen good strength across all the regions, but in Europe, for example, we've had a very strong performance in the pickup of our full price business in the last year or so. I think we're heading in the right direction there.
Thank you very much indeed.
Thank you.
The next question is from the line of Rogerio Fujimori with Stifel. Your question, please.
Hi, everyone. Thanks. This is Rogerio from Stifel. I have a follow-up question on gross margin and another one about marketing. I think on your, I think, indication of 70% gross margin for fiscal 2024, could you elaborate a little bit on the tailwinds, on the other tailwinds and headwinds? Because I can see channel mix working in favor as retail should strongly outperform wholesale. I think product mix is working in favor with software making a comeback, scarves making a comeback also with Chinese tourists and leather goods picking up in the US. You have regional mix in favor of China coming back, cost inflation easing on freight costs. Your Euro exposure is hedged. Just wondering, I think about, yeah, the...
of the other headwinds that cross margin level that we should keep in mind. Then I think, as we approach, I think the arrival of Daniel Lee, these products in stores, how should they think about saving of marketing spending H1 versus H2 to increase brand heat? Thank you.
Okay. I'll touch up a little bit on the gross margin, and then I'll let Ian come on to that, and then I'll also mention about the marketing question. You know, I'm pleased with the way that we've been able to manage our margins this year, because actually it was a very good performance considering the extreme pressures that we've had, mainly obviously in terms of inflationary pressures on our cost of goods and logistics, etcetera. Also in terms of the regional mix of business that we have. I think it's actually a good achievement considering the challenges that we've had. I'll let Ian kind of de-develop a little bit more color on that.
In terms of the marketing, we mentioned before that, you know, our marketing spend is high single digit. We're increasing that. We still remain at high single digits for this budget. You're absolutely right to call out the fact that, as we looked into planning this year's marketing spend, we definitely have geared it towards the summer. The second half, a little bit into Q2, where you'll start to see a lot more amplification about the new storytelling that we're about to have. There is a definite phasing of how we're cutting our marketing spend half one versus half two.
Thanks, Jonathan. Thanks, Rogerio, for the question. I think you hit on most of the variables actually going, running through gross margin. There, we are expecting to see some tailwinds from the regional mix, from the channel mix that you mentioned. I still think there's some headwind on, in cost. Obviously we buy ahead, so we've locked in a few costs on labor and materials. That's more of a headwind for us, as you say, transport with some relief there. Within that mix, we'll see how it evolves during the year, but again, guiding to around 70% for the full year.
Okay, thank you. Just one quick one on the U.S. cluster. I think you indicated the U.S. cluster down 2% in the March quarter. Was there any change in April? Thank you.
No. We're seeing a continuing trend there, Rogerio. Yeah, you're quite right, -2% for Q4, +2% for the year, but some deterioration in the back end of the year, and that's a continuing trend, and not much more to call out there at this stage.
Thank you very much.
The next question is from the line of David Da Maia with CIC. Your question please.
Hi, good morning. Three questions from me, please. The first one on a clarification on your fiscal year EBIT margin guidance. You said around 20% at constant currency, but on which base? Is it full year 2022? Full year 2023? That's the first question. The second one on FX. Can you explain why the negative impact from FX is disproportionately high this year at the operating level, with a GBP 40 million headwind compared to only GBP 17 million at the sales level? The third one on Daniel Lee collection rollout. Can you give us a yearly indication of how the contribution to sales from Daniel Lee collections will increase in the coming quarters, starting from Q2? Thank you.
Okay. I'll start on the. Thanks, David. I'll start on the Daniel Lee collections. Again, I'm super excited about what we've had to come. The start of the deliveries of the show collection, which Daniel designed, will be in the end of September, so the end of Q2. That will progress through and obviously improve in terms of the share of our newness mix of goods. It will grow as the year, the financial year progresses. Again, it's really important to highlight, we're very pleased with the performance of our offer to date. This will be, as far as we're concerned, it's a continuation of our business. It's Burberry.
Daniel, we've got, we believe one of the best designers in luxury. This will be an enhancement for us, and it's really part of our growth strategy, but we're also very positive about the flow. We don't see, I think From my understanding is we kind of called out in the past a lot of the waiting for Daniel's product versus the old product. You know, we really see this as a seamless flow in which will enable us to have, you know, a, you know, a better long-term performance and momentum and building on the great platform that we have.
Thanks, David. Just on EBIT guidance, you're quite right. It is around 20% for FY24, and that's at CER FY20 rates. We've done some math for you to help you. In FY23, the equivalent at FY20 exchange rates, the margin was 19.6%. We're making some progression from 19.6% to 20% in FY24, then you've got to take off the FX headwind of 40. That will get you your reported margin. In terms of X being disproportionate, it's a bit of a mixed review on FX. There's lots of moving parts within COGS and within OpEx. Obviously, the mix is different every year.
We run those numbers, and I said that we've done that at 21st May spot rates, and we've got that GBP 70 million headwind to revenue and GBP 40 million to EBIT. That's what our model is showing us, and hence why we're guiding on that today. There's no sort of rhyme nor reason or direct linkage between the GBP 162 benefit and the GBP 78 benefit we had in FY 2023. It's just how the mix of business and phasing of our business pans out in FY 2024. That's, we're happy to guide you on those numbers.
Thank you.
The next question is from the line of Piral Dadhania with RBC.
Hi. Good morning, everyone. Just two quick ones from me, please. Firstly, are you able to share with us what the marketing to sales ratio spending was in fiscal 23? I think your ambition is to grow it towards high single-digit % of sales across your strategic plan. That's just in the context of our view that, you know, the cost to compete in the luxury sector appears to be going up, just given what some of your peers are doing. Secondly, just an update if you have one, on the lobbying in relation to the VAT Retail Export Scheme for U.K. VAT refund. Just wondering if there's any progress there and any update on any discussions you're having in that respect. Thank you.
Sure. Thank you. In terms of the marketing spend, again, we don't share our actual spend for that. It is high single digits. It will grow this year in terms of the % share. We still remain at high single digits. This is actually in line with our peers, we're not out of line there. You're absolutely right to call it out. It's a very important part of driving growth and supporting all of the changes that we're having. I do feel and felt this actually even before I joined, that Burberry are very good at this. We're very strong on that.
At the activations that we do and the activations that we've already put in place, to support the new creative expression that we have been very impactful, very well received. People are seeing them. Outdoor home, for example, is very much a key trend at the moment, and it works well for us. Just to highlight, I don't know if anybody has seen, we now launched our summer campaign, which is really strong. Really also playing again to our... in February, we played onto, you know, one of our key strengths, which is the trench, Daniel has picked up. Again, to repeat, this is...
these campaigns are coming from Daniel Lee with product that is already existing in the business, which is why I highlight the fact that we already have a very strong offer in place. Our summer campaign is really playing to our strengths and highlighting our Vintage Check. We actually anticipated that and launched it in Miami for the Formula 1 Grand Prix, which is I think last weekend or the weekend before. Really pleased with the impact that's having. I do think that there we do compete. I think we're in a good place in terms of what we do in marketing initiatives, and it definitely works well, and we get the responses that we get.
It's, you know, we're already seeing in some reports that the awareness of what we're doing is on the rise and increasing which is great. In terms of the VAT, we're as we've mentioned before, we're disappointed that the government chose to scrap the VAT Retail Export scheme. We think it leaves the UK in a competitive disadvantage for global shoppers. Our current trading suggests this is the case with the UK underperforming versus the rest of continental Europe. We've seen a much stronger performance in terms of tourist sales in mainland Europe, Spain, Italy and France than we're getting in the UK, where we're still getting growth, but it's not at the level that we're getting to mainland Europe.
The other interesting thing that we're seeing more and more is a stronger increase in surge in British shoppers shopping in mainland Europe, which again, is quite a concern. For us being, you know, a British brand where we're calling out the fact that we are really coming back to celebrating the fact that we're being British, in the first port of call for any tourist, is clearly you go to Buckingham Palace, you go to Harrods, and then you go to Burberry as well. These are the three key destinations for tourists when they're coming to London, and it's something that we're gonna keep campaigning for.
Thank you, Jonathan.
This concludes our question and answer session, and I would like to turn the conference back over to Jonathan Akeroyd for any closing comments.
Thank you very much. Overall, as I said, we're considering all of the changes that we've had in the past 12 months. We've had challenges on the macro environment. We've had changes in executive leadership for myself and changes in creative leadership. Going back to, again, what I said in November, we have a great platform, we have an incredible brand. We're very pleased with these results that we've got in place there. We also see a great opportunity to build on and focus on growth in the midterm going forward. Thank you for your time. We really appreciate it, and we look forward to talking to you again in July. Goodbye.
Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes today's conference. Thank you for joining. You may now disconnect. Goodbye.
This presentation