Rolls-Royce Holdings plc (LON:RR)

Earnings Call: H2 2017

← View all transcripts

Mar 7, 2018

Okay. Right. We're just a couple of minutes past 09:00, and it's time to start. So thank you for joining us here at London Stock Exchange and for those of you joining online. My name is Jennifer Ramsey, and I lead the Investor Relations team at Rolls Royce. I want to welcome you to our full year results presentation for 2017. The agenda for today will be Warren East, our Chief Executive, will share his perspectives on the progress we've made and the challenges we faced in 2017. Then Stephen Daintive, our Chief Financial Officer, will talk through our financial results in more detail with reference to both current accounting and IFRS 15. And Warren will then round up with his outlook for the year ahead. In terms of presentation, the presentation should take roughly forty five minutes. We do have a lot to cover though. And then we will be taking questions. If you want to take a question online, please access the webcast service via our webpage and we'll endeavor to answer those questions if you haven't already answered them in the room. And finally, if I could ask you to switch off your mobile phones so that there is no interruption during the presentation. We are not expecting any emergencies. If the alarm does go off, please make an orderly exit to the front of the building into Patanossa Square. And with that, I'll hand over to Warren. Great. Thank you very much, Jennifer. Good morning, everybody. Thank you all for coming, and I hope I can drive the projector this morning. I'm going to start with a few highlights. I'll then do a quick run around the business, step back and review the priorities we set a year ago for 2017 and reflect a little bit on the progress there. Stephen will add some significant color to the numbers before we summarize and do questions. So I think the summary on this morning is we say this is an encouraging set of results and I actually feel it's good progress to be standing here reporting record revenues, a growth in profit and almost tripling of free cash flow after absorbing some significant costs, reasons for which we'll talk about in a moment. And to know that that's actually generated from underlying improvements in the business right across our group. So it's a pretty encouraging set of numbers. Just to pick on some of the highlights there. Obviously, a big driver, a big driver of the improvement in cash flow is the growth in our installed base and in particular our fleet of large engines on wide body aircraft. And halfway through the year, our in service flying hours were up by some 15% in Trent's. At the end of the year, that's up by 22% year on year, continued momentum and it's quite a good momentum picture. Some years ago, we were facing a large ramp in volume productions. And how were we going to do that with large engines? Well, this is the third consecutive year that we're able to report a significant growth in production of large engines. And I'm particularly encouraged with that over 35% in actual engines delivered to nearly 500 engines, over 500 engines produced, and the run rate of production during Q4 setting us up in the right place for the growth we expect in volume production as we go through 2018. So I'm feeling quite encouraged about that. At the same time, of course, we all know that when we produce an engine and stick it on an airplane wing, then we make a cash loss. And we've been fairly transparent about that. But the good news is that we are squeezing down on that. And in the year, 40% of the large engines were Trent XWB. And on Trent XWB, we made significant progress at squeezing down on the cash deficit and we're still on track, to get to our breakeven goal on that by around about 2020. The standout performance probably among across the group systems, where under new leadership in power systems, we saw a really good recovery in numbers. I'll talk about that in a little bit more detail in a moment. But this is really driven by rigor and discipline and an execution mindset that is now starting to become prevalent in that business, which is very encouraging. Looking ahead to the future, well, the future is all about new technology. And clearly, we need to be working today on the new technology that's going to enable us to win in the future. And, we had a good year with our new big engine architecture, the ultra fan architecture and both the core engine and the gearbox that is required to create that architecture going forward. So that was encouraging. Of course, it's all about people. And it seems like it's been a very long time, but actually just reflecting on it, 2017 was the first year in which we've had a new executive leadership team. And so, that team has actually only been out on the pitch for twelve months. In fact, twelve months ago, Stephen was sat platform rather than on this side of the platform. And a lot happens in twelve months. Of course, it's not all been glorious. And particularly recently, there's been quite a lot written about the issues that we're facing with some of our customers on Trent 1000, and I'll start with that issue. So this is a very important issue for us. First of all, let's just get it in perspective. You know, these engines are mechanical beasts. The engines themselves are perfectly healthy, but mechanical things wear out. And what's happening is that some of the components on the Trent 1000 are wearing out sooner than we and our customers expected. That is causing a lot of disruption for our customers. And obviously, we are very sorry and we work quite closely with all of our customers to minimize the operational disruption. But we have been taking significant steps to do that. Over the last twelve months, we've almost tripled our repair and overhaul capacity to deal with the Trent 1,000. We've tripled our capacity to provide the vital components that are necessary. And it obviously takes some time for that capacity to come on stream and be effective, which is why we've seen this issue escalate. It is a dynamic situation. And whilst we are managing it on a day to day basis, We have not only put that extra capacity in place, we're addressing the issues by redesigning components and we have plans in place to get all those redesigned components in the engines over the next several years. This will be costly. And we are putting in our earnings release this morning the latest estimates of that cost. And the good news is that even though it escalated in 2017, we absorbed that full cost in 2017. And the latest estimate of our costs are completely encompassed in the outlook that we've come out with today for 2018 and indeed beyond into our medium term free cash flow ambitions. Now it wasn't all challenges in our Civil Aerospace business. Actually, not only did the team, I think, do a fantastic job of dealing with those challenges, but they also delivered on some really great achievements. So the ramp up in deliveries, I already spoke about. The growth of 12% in invoice flying hours, that is the business model working. Have been working hard over many years gain the design wins, and now we're delivering on those design wins and growing the size of our fleet. And when you or I get on an airplane and go from A to B, there's now a larger possibility larger probability rather that that is powered by a Rolls Royce engine. And that is the business model working. And that is why we have a 12% increase in invoiced flying hours. At the same time, we're not just sitting there and counting the extra flying hours. We're working hard on reducing the costs, amount of money it costs for us to install the engines and continue to grow the size of that fleet. And as we look forward and think about how the business develops in future and we grow that competitive position even more, then new engines. And during 2018, of course, we've had a peak of new large engines coming into service. And we're very pleased with over a twelve month period, three of the large new engines, the Trent 1,010 version, the XWB 97 ks version and the Trent 7,000 for the new Airbus A330neo, they all had their first flights on their airframes. Two of them are now in service and the third one will be in service later this year. And looking even further ahead, then good work on new technologies. As I said, the standout performance around the group was really from Power Systems and that delivered an underlying profit improvement of over 60%, which is really encouraging. Actually, more than encouraging momentum, which is what it says on the slide. Last year, I talked about linearization in this business and how it was very back end loaded historically and how we couldn't make it linear in one year. But actually, in 2018, we made 2017, sorry, we made significant progress at that linearization, and that has contributed significantly to the performance, but not at expensive revenue. So revenue has grown by 3% in the business. And that new leadership team are really making significant changes. One of the changes they're making is simplifying. So we've had a significant reduction in the number of products in the portfolio and that has all led to this meaningful improvement in profitability and cash flow. I think there's great potential here. There's a massive installed base and that installed base of approximately 140,000 engines is growing by approximately 20,000 engines every year and that's a fantastic service opportunity. Now we add some digital technology to that and we can address that opportunity. Looking forward to the underlying products themselves, of course, is these play in markets which people are focusing a lot on making the engines cleaner and less damaging to the environment. That is a great opportunity for us to deploy better technology and secure our market share with competitive solutions. And I'll come back to that when we're discussing the strategy after Stephen's been talking. So in our defense business, a solid year. Defense business really is characterized by long periods being dominated by service whilst you're tracking new opportunities for OE design wins. Those windows for OE design wins don't open very often and you need to track and keep on top of them. So quite a lot of this activity is around service and about squeezing more out of the installed base that we have. One of the ways we do that is by getting closer to our customers. So that access box up there is all about extending an agreement that we've had for many years with Avial, which is now a Boeing company incidentally. And that they effectively act as a distributor, particularly in The U. S. For us with the significant presence that we have there, getting spare parts on the site to make those airplanes available for the U. S. Customer as soon as possible. And so having had a little agreement with them for many years, we've extended that agreement this year across quite a lot of the fleet. At the same time, we look at the costs of what it takes to manage our business and we made significant progress there in reduction of cost of our operations. Obviously, some of these contracts, they are quite long term contracts. They cover a lot of engines and there's obviously nervousness when those contracts come towards the end. And so it's very pleasing to be able to report such a significant renewal of some of those long term contracts. I talked about staying on top of the opportunities for new OE. And the good news is that looking beyond the home countries of The U. S. And The UK for our defense business, encouraging to see some export orders. And the service piece, again, the bottom corner there isn't just about signing up deals with distributors. Sometimes we have to get close to our customers as well and to new service centers there for the UK MOD. Progress in some of our other businesses. Well, I'll take Nuclear at the top of the slide. This business is there's a small piece of civil nuclear, and that's around control systems and service. And news is we secured some significant contracts in that business. But most of the nuclear activity is dominated, in fact, by some unique contracts with the UK MOD for propulsion systems for their nuclear submarines. And we've been making good operational progress on that, notwithstanding some of the or in fact completely reversing some of the headlines that you might have read a few years ago in terms of operational improvement. And that makes it much easier for us and also makes the activity a little bit more profitable for us. We've been investing some of that profit in future capability, increasing both capacity and capability for the new generations of nuclear submarines for which the UK Ministry of Defense relies upon us. In marine, have notwithstanding the difficulties which everybody knows about in that sector and for our business, we have actually, during the course of 2017, established quite a leadership position in ship intelligence, autonomous and remotely operated vessels. As most of the people in this room know, we've also been facing serious downward pressure from the effective disappearance of the market in offshore for us. And that's caused us to do a lot of work right sizing the business, and we completed the rightsizing exercise during 2017 with a further 13% reduction in some of our G and A costs. After all that, we still believe that the right thing to do is actually have a strategic review of the commercial marine operations. Naval marine activity is good and has been good and has been profitable and I'll talk about that in a moment when we talk about the restructuring that we're proposing. But consistent with the four box model that I put in front of people in November 2015, when considering the portfolio and looking at the activities that go on within some of our businesses, then not all of those activities where we offer true competitive advantage into a truly attractive and growing market. And there are limits to how much we want to be able to invest in to improve the competitive position and that's why we're having a strategic review of our Marine business right now. Just before Christmas, we completed on the acquisition of ITP. So this is a long term joint venture with Rolls Royce and we took over full ownership just before the December. So I think more on this as we go forward. Significant point to note, I'll just remind everybody, when the put option was announced, one of the advantages that this means is that they are a risk and revenue sharing partner for us. And we've been through a lot of the risk on XWB and the development that they've done on XWB. We're now coming into the revenue bit. And so this is a great opportunity to actually capture 100% of that revenue flowing through that risk and revenue partnership rather than just 50% of it, which is where we were before. So I think that's the sort of the good news part about acquiring ITP. Meanwhile, we're working through getting our heads around the rest of their business. It will be continued to be reported as slightly arm's length like that. That's a contractual obligation. The business does actually do a certain amount of activity for our competitors. And for that reason, we won't be integrating it fully with the rest of the group. Now I want to step back, change gear for a moment or two and talk about group level priorities. These are the priorities that we set twelve months ago. And I'm just going to quickly whiz across the chart here. Of course, there are actually priorities, not four because the box on the left is a cheap box containing three, where we strengthen our focus on engineering, operational and service excellence. Switching to the first of these boxes, engineering excellence. So there are three stages, right? You have science, technology and then engineering, because engineering is all about taming science for our benefit. And the good news is that we're making significant progress in all of those three areas. During the year, we did a bit of restructuring with our engineering and technology organization and pushed engineering, the right hand side of the chart, much closer into our businesses. So we took away some of the central engineering, put it closer in the businesses, closer to the customers, closer to the projects and programs that really matter. That's the engineering end of it. Meanwhile, coming back towards the left of the chart, the technology piece, we actually created a Chief Technology Officer, and that has enabled us to get a lot more focus on future technologies and addressing things like the change in mix of skills that we need over the next decade or so, adjusting the balance between thermomechanical, pretty much thermomechanical only, and little electrical and tilting that balance and getting our skill set a bit more aligned to the future. Operational excellence. Well, clearly, we continued the modernization of Rolls Royce production facilities, more investment going on there, more use of up to date technology. And that enables us to do things like deliver on the promised production ramp. We need to worry about how much it costs us to produce all those more things. And so clearly, we have a lot of activity focused on how we improve productivity. And there are all sorts of examples such as the one shown on the slide where some of them are incremental improvements in productivity, some of them are like the example on the slide, which is completely transformational, a task which was done in one way and has been done in that way for many years, now being done in a completely different and modern way. And when we roll out more of those sorts of things around the business, we'll see more productivity improvement. In terms of operational excellence, it isn't all about manufacturing. Some of it is just rigor and discipline and an execution mindset in managing the operation. And that's delivered the excellent increase in profitability in our Power Systems business shown on the right of the slide there. Service excellence. This business is about installing engines, whether they're on airplanes or whether they're in other pieces of kit. And then they go into environments where it's absolutely necessary for that engine to perform and generate useful power. And so there's a this is where the service opportunity comes from. So clearly, we've been active in doing things like power by the hour in our civil aerospace for many years. And one of the things we've done recently is put geographically or put in region close to our customers some of these service centers. And in fact, I opened the latest or the final move in that sequence in The Middle East last week. In terms of the focus on providing that service, we also need to worry about how much it costs us to provide the service, not just to be very nice to our customers. And so we continue progressing on reducing the cost there. And then if you look across our business, we can actually take some of the lessons that we've learned over many years in civil aerospace and apply it to other parts of our business. So in Power Systems, where we have that massive installed base of 140,000 engines growing by a significant number each year. And so what we've done is actually take some people out of the Civil Aerospace business and replicate the model in our Power Systems business. I mentioned twelve months ago that we were going to do that. We've done it and we've secured the first really significant long term contract deploying that approach. We obviously talked quite a lot over recent years about transformation program and saving £200,000,000 of cost at an annual run rate by the 2017. There were progress reports on the way. That's now behind us, and it's done. It wasn't all about cost reduction. It was a little bit about simplicity as well. And the good news is that we have achieved some progress on simplicity, but we have a lot more to go. There is more complexity in the business, and that is why we've announced the next piece of restructuring and simplification around our business. The next priority was around building trust and rebuilding trust and confidence. And I think there, it's a matter of, you know, I'm very pleased that in the main, we have either delivered on what we said we would deliver, green boxes, or at least we've been transparent when some of the delivery has been delayed, orange boxes, on the slide. And I don't think I need to go into more detail than that at this stage. Another builder of trust and confidence is really okay, so that's all glorious, but show me the money. And we have been consistent about talking about growing cash generation in this business. And when we presented our results twelve months ago, we first talked about, well, yes, 1,000,000,000 about £1,000,000,000 of free cash flow by about 2020. We're still on track to do that. And the building blocks which enable that to happen are still absolutely in place. And very simply, it's about making more money come into the business and stop money leaking out of the business or reduce the amount of money leaking out of the business. And so yes, we are seeing the business model work increase in engine flying hours. Good news, we are seeing an increase in cash from improving performance in non aero businesses. Yes, we are seeing reductions in cash outflows right across through whether it's the cash we spend on delivering engines or whether it's the cash we spend on indirect costs elsewhere around the business. It's all very well to talk about a fantastic service opportunity, but of course, this is also an opportunity for money to go out of the door, and so we need to focus on reducing the cost of delivering on all of that service. And it's very easy to spend an awful lot of money in this type of business on investing in technology and R and D. So we pay careful attention to the allocation of capital there. And I think the goal that we have set out before about that being broadly flat over the coming years is absolutely intact. The final priority I had last year was about developing our long term vision and strategy. I'll talk more about this after Stephen has added some color to the numbers. I will return to that very slide. So I think to summarize on this section, I think we have demonstrated good progress in at least three out of the four boxes and probably the fourth one there with a question mark. It's not really for us to judge. That's more for you, but I'm quite pleased with the progress in 2017. Now over to Stephen. Great. Thank you very much. Thanks, Warren. Good morning, everybody. Apologies in advance for the large number of finance slides. But as a relative newcomer, there's a lot of really interesting things to talk about at Rolls Royce. So if you'll forgive me that, and I'll go through. But we're trying to add a bit more granularity and transparency to our numbers as well to try and sort of lift the flog a little and bring the business to life. So hopefully, you'll appreciate the extra slides that we've slotted in. So there's the order, the full year results. I think the first number I always look at is revenue growth. Rob Warren talks about momentum, good momentum within the business. I'll go into the revenue in bit more detail on the next slide. A little bit of gross margin compression due to the OE mix as a proportion of revenues, that's the big driver there. But encouragingly, a growth in free cash flow as we head towards that around £1,000,000,000 by around 2020. So I think encouraging results all around. Looking at the revenue growth, and the way I sort of look at the business is that we have three core revenue streams. We've got the OE revenue, the long term service agreement service revenue and then the other service revenue, the time and material type service revenue. And again, what I think is to be light to our Rolls Royce is the visibility, the very good visibility in particular about the first two revenue streams. The OE revenue, we've got good visibility of the order book and pricing on the order book and so on. Long term service agreements, 4,400 installed engines growing to over 6,000 engines over the next few years, good visibility around that. And still good visibility on the other service revenue, less so than the first two, but still good visibility there as well. So there's good visibility of revenues, strong growth across all three revenue streams and the gross margin compression that I talked about. Just running through those numbers, good growth across all three. Moving into the next line in the income statement, research and development. Our gross research and development actually increased by a little bit year on year. After third party contributions, our net R and D spend, that's that ten thirty five number that Warren showed on his earlier slide, up 7%. Amortization, we add that back on and then we as a cost. And then the amount that we capitalized up on last year, which I'll come to in a second and then the risk and revenue sharing partner contributions getting us down to a charge that is somewhat lower than last year on an income statement basis, but clearly at a gross level and then the net level higher than last year. The increased investment is largely in Civil Aerospace, three wide body engines entering or engines in service, the advanced development programs that Warren mentioned and then the ultra fan making up the key components of that increase and the key part of the £1,000,000,000 in total. In 2018, we expect net research and development to increase by around £50,000,000 year on year. Those are those key numbers there. So looking at Civil Aerospace Research and Development in a little more detail. The ultra fan targeting 25% fuel efficiency. And we've also taken the opportunity to look at the application of our research and development policy and bring it in line with our peers, particularly MTU and Safran. And what we've done is we've started capitalization a little bit earlier in the process and we're ending capitalization a little bit later in the process. And the impact there in 2017 was £83,000,000 taking it up to total capitalization of $342,000,000 in the year rising to around £400,000,000 in 2018. This is around better alignment with industry practice. Looking on to commercial and administrative costs. We have around £1,200,000,000 of C and A costs in our income statement. And I put on the right hand side there what the key lines of expenditure are: general management, comms, finance and so on. I would say that the initial phase of the restructuring program that Warren mentioned, focus will be here. There'll be several waves to the program, and we'll tell you more about this and share more with you at our Capital Markets Day in mid June. But the strapline that we're using is a lean corporate center and empowered businesses. And so the first phase of attention will be very much on C and A costs of the £1,200,000,000 that we're highlighting today, which is pretty much flat year on year. Looking at our group cash flow. So what are the material drivers of the £173,000,000 growth in free cash flow? Well, first of all, we have cash outflows from the high installed engine production in Civil. So whilst we continue to make progress on engines like the XWB-eighty four, the average cash margin, as you will see shortly, is flat year on year at £1,600,000 and we're actually building and delivering more than the previous year than in 2016. So there is an increase in the cash outflow as a consequence of that. On the other hand though, we get increased cash revenues from the aftermarket growth. We'll see that in a little while in the Civil Aerospace cash slide. The Trent 901,000 engine issues, pounds 170,000,000 of cash outflow in 2017, doubling to around £340,000,000 therefore, in 2018, as we've highlighted today. That's a drag on the cash flow. The strong Power Systems margin improvement, good cash flow improvement in Power Systems in both profit and in working capital management, as we'll see later. A little more increase in CapEx on facility modernization to cope with the ramp up in production and to deal with the engine issues that we've talked about a little while ago. Higher future program R and D investment, again, mainly in civil, but improved working capital management, which is a part of doing business within Rolls Royces and a feature of our business, which we'll talk about later. A little bit more tax, largely due to the change in mix of the geographical mix of profits, but then slightly reduced pension payments, getting us down to the £173,000,000 increase in free cash flow. We're guiding today to around £150,000,000 plus or minus £100,000,000 in 2018. That excludes ITP. We completed that on the December 19. That is looking at a cash outflow in 2018 of around £50,000,000 But then we have indicated moving to around a breakeven position in 2019. So that's a short term cash outflow for that business. So business unit review, going through the businesses one by one. Civil Aerospace, 12% growth in OE, delivered, of course, by that large growth in engine deliveries. Long term service agreements, 10% growth. The flying hour growth there, where I mentioned the 12% growth and the in production Trent fleet growing at 22%, so very good growth for that business. 17% growth in the time and material revenues, so good growth across all three revenue streams, giving you that 12% overall. But a gross margin compression driven again by that OE mix change and the impact therefore within the numbers on Civil Aerospace. We do sell our engines at a deficit and make the profits then in the aftermarket on those long term contracts. Trading cash flow is flat year on year, and I will show you a breakdown in a little while of just how that moves, all the various moving parts to get you to that flat performance year on year. Looking at those drivers then, underlying revenue growth, and I've run through many of these already. Delivery is up 35%, 12% growth in flying hours. The widebody fleet is now 4,400. And Business Aviation Services, we don't talk an awful lot about our Business Aviation Services, but a very strong aftermarket here, up 18%, 18% revenue growth. The gross margin reduction driven by the OE mix, growth in widebody and Business Aviation Services. And within the gross margin as well, of course, is the £170,000,000 of cash cost in respect of the Trent 901,000 that I'm sure there'll be quite a few questions on later in this session. So the operating margin, the slight improvement reflects the gross margin decline, but it also increased and benefits from, of course, the capitalization treatment and that extra £83,000,000 as a consequence of doing that. Senior costs were a little bit higher due to some restructuring provisions that have been taken in the year. Looking at then at the cash drivers in Civil, and this is building on a slide that we shared with you back at the half year. So the three key drivers are, first of all, the OE economics, the cash margin per engine sold. A key driver here to watch out for is the Trent XWB 84. Why are we highlighting the XWB? When we see the order book in a little while and the size of the order book and the profile of it, the significance of the XWB to that future order book highlights the significance of this particular measure. Service value will be driven by the growth in the installed engine base, growth in flying hours, the efficiencies of shop visits. And in cost management and capital, focus on operations, C and A costs, this is the cost base getting our overheads under control, putting rigor into our capital allocation decisions and continued working capital management. So looking at our engine deliveries, 35% growth. We're guiding today to around five fifty engines delivered, and these are engines delivered that's invoiced. We build we built just over 500 engines in 2017. And I think in 2018, we'll be heading towards building around 600 engines also to deliver those 550. So record levels of wide body deliveries at four eighty three, moving to five fifty next year. Looking at the economics then, the XWB, we highlighted in 2016 a 7% compression of the deficit, 37% in 2017, largely price driven rather than cost driven. Of course, would rather it be more cost driven than price driven, but we will take the benefit. And we do see the route through to the breakeven position by 2020, and this chart here just sort of highlights that in a very simple way. And what causes the drag, therefore, on the margin staying flat at 1.6%? So notwithstanding the progress on the 84%, the Trent 900 has some temporary pricing impact that's dragging the gross margin down. And the Trent 700 has had a good year of sales as it enters its final one or two years, couple of years of its OE experience, so to speak, of its selling experience. And there's some pricing discounting going on in its final couple of years as it heads towards becoming a sole aftermarket product. And there's a bit of price going on there to compress the margin as well. So those are the two drivers to flat year on year. Looking at the fleet performance. So the in service fleets, large engines, 7% growth and the Trent fleet is 11% to 3,300. The flying hours, 12% across the wide body fleet. And the in production fleet growth is 22%. That's up on the 15% of last year and the 15% that we reported at the half year. So good momentum within the Trent in production fleet. Overhauls, This is an interesting piece of data. And as we look forward, we'll get familiar with this and how sensitive our cash trajectory is to the number of shop visits that take place in the year. Just for absolute sake of clarity, these are the overhauls, the scheduled long term service agreement overhauls that take place every sort of five, six years or so. So flat year on year at two forty, despite the growth in the installed fleet. I should point out though, there's a number down here at the bottom left, that three fifty sorry, I'll go back to this one, which is the there you go, three fifty check and repair overhauls, and that includes hospital visits as well. So for example, the Trent 1,000 shop visits will be within that three fifty. The two forty is more the regularized schedules, long term service agreement shop visits that we anticipate. And the bit in the bottom left, there'll be very small check and repair overhauls, but there will be a bundle in there that are the Trent 1,900 shop visits, just for the sake of clarity. So the trading cash flow. So this is the 2017 versus 2016 comparative. How do we get to that flat performance year on year? So the four forty three sorry, 44 original equipment at 1.6 gets you to 0.7. The spare engines gets you to the four eighty three in total. 12,600,000 flying hours gets you to 1,300,000.0 of aftermarket cash compared to the aftermarket cash margin compared to the £1,000,000 £1,000,000,000 I should say, in 2016. So you see the wide body cash margin growing from £700,000,000 to £800,000,000 Business and Regional, flat year on year at £700,000,000 V2500, around £300,000,000 And then certain operations and engineering costs taking us down to a cash gross margin of £1,100,000,000 C and A, pounds 300,000,000.0, 300,000,000 R and D rising a little bit to £700,000,000 CapEx up a little bit to £500,000,000 Working capital benefits, which we'll talk about a little later, gets you to that trading cash flow performance. So you can start to see the key drivers of free cash flow very much around those top two or three lines that get you to the wide body cash margin. So let's look at those in a little bit more detail. There's the R and D and the CapEx. What we've tried to do with this slide is show some of the likely trends over the next five years. And again, I would emphasize the point that it will not be linear. So we shouldn't be looking for these sorts of growth rates exactly on a linear basis. They will be lumpy, but we're pointing to around five years from now, what might the world look like. Just before we get into the chart, looking at the bottom left there as well, we've indicated the what the order book looks like. So to put it in context, again, the significance of the Trent XWB, 2,500 engines on order, so good visibility, going back to the point about the visibility of revenues, and 1,400 of that 2,500 is the XWB. So and that visibility helps us, therefore, when thinking about over the next five years what the growth rates might be. So installed engine deliveries, four forty four in 1739 gets you to that £483 We're looking at around 5% compound annual growth rate over the next five years for those two. Cash deficit per engine, currently an average of £1,600,000 We're aiming to get towards £400,000 cash deficit per engine by 2022 or over the next five years or so. The in service fleet, the 4,400, we think is going to be growing at around 8% on a compound annual growth rate over the next five years. Invoice flying hours, in line with the growth in the installed fleet and our projections on traffic and so on, growing at around 10%. And then the shop visits will grow in line with the growth of the installed base. And these are the long term service agreement shop visits going back to that February comparable that I ran through a second ago. R and D and CapEx and commercial and admin costs, broadly stable R and D and CapEx. And commercial and admin costs, put stable. If anything, we'd hope to see reductions here, stable if not reducing on commercial and admin costs. So these are the key drivers for Civil Aerospace over the next five years. Very quickly running through the programs. And Warren did make the point as well, there is a we talk and with very good reason around the 901,000, but over 80% of the fleet is flying very well. The Trent 700 in particular, 1,600 engines in service, 9% flying hour growth in the year and a very good dispatch reliability. The Trent 800, good performance there, smaller parts of the fleet, 13 aircraft transitions in 2017. We had a high point of transitions in 2017 than ever before. We've pretty successful in transitions during the year. Trent 7,000 came into service during 2018. And then the XWB-eighty four total cumulative flight fleet hours have now gone past 1,200,000 flying hours on the Trent WB-eighty four. We have, however, had significant issues on the 1900. I'm sure we'll go through this in some detail in the Q and A. We are highlighting today GBP 170,000,000 cash cost across both engines, about GBP 120,000,000 of that is in the 1,000 and GBP 50,000,000 of that is in GBP 90,000,000. And we highlighted also the in service cost issues, the 179 and the 48,000 I will talk about that, I'm sure, during the Q and A. Power Systems. The standout performance, think, Warren said, across the group. Good revenue growth, 3%, particularly in service revenue and a terrific improvement in profitability, and that flowed through to cash flow performance as well and not just through profit growth, but also through working capital management. The key drivers of that. The chart on the left, it just puts the performance of Power Systems in 2017 into very stark numbers. 11.3% return on sales and revenue, record revenues and profits for Power Systems in 2017. So relatively new leadership, but a reinvigorated leadership team at Power Systems. And as we'll see in a second, tackling the business on a variety of fronts. So good revenue growth, a better H1, H2 mix in the business, helping improve both margins but also factory utilization. R and D spend down 6%, real focus and rigor around R and D spend and on C and A costs as well. So really good knockout performance in Power Systems across a variety of fronts. I won't dwell on the details here, but these are some of the details of the performance improvements on a performance push, but also structural cost reduction as well. Over the last two years, a 30% reduction in product variance in Power Systems. So these comparatives are 15v17, just in case you're looking for numbers consistent with the rest of the pack, and the focus across a variety of fronts at the bottom there. Defence, a resilient performance, reporting revenue down just 1%, so a pretty solid performance. Operating profit, little bit down on last year, a little bit of margin compression there, largely impacted by lower long term service agreement life cycle cost reductions. Two or three big programs in The UK defense fleet coming towards maturity, the Seaking, which retired the Typhoon and Tornado, dampening profits there to an extent. As we go through those drivers, OE revenues up Transport Patrol in The U. S. In particular, done well, partly offset by lower compact sales. And then growing combat services in the F-thirty five lift system, but then I've mentioned the seeking fleet retirement hitting the export market. The gross margin, adverse mix there, lower legacy spares volumes and lower one off long term service agreement releases than previously. We do, however, benefit from the non repeat of the last year's TP400 charges, 31,000,000 in there. R and D costs are up 10% as well as we develop the future transport program spend and that's around the advanced program that Warren mentioned. Looking at an overview of defense and the markets, we have a strong position in The U. S, renewed that £1,400,000,000 contract that Warren alluded to. The UK is a and there are some headwinds in The U. S, the growing impact of the U. S. Department of Defense pricing The UK is a similar market and it has those single source pricing regulations, the tightening of the Ministry of Defense budget in 2010, tornado retirement, a tightening contract ending shortly. So The UK market is a little tougher market. And the export market has been a tough market for the defense business as well in 2017, and we see that continue to an extent in 2018. But there are some good export opportunities, and I'm sure we'll get through those in the Q and A. Marine and Nuclear, I won't dwell on these numbers. Marine continuing to operate in tough markets, down 9%, but costs are down by 13%, delivering that flat year on year performance. And you'll have read about and we'll talk more about our strategic review. And Nuclear revenue is up 4%, but higher spend on SMRs in 2017. IFRS 15, a quick word on this. Just a reminder, no change to cash flow from IFRS 15. We welcome this new accounting standard. I think it makes it easier to understand our business without the distortion of capitalizing the OE losses. And we understand exactly and there's a, as you might expect, a greater connection between profits and cash flow as a consequence. I highlighted down here on the box at the bottom right, the greater forecasting challenge in the civil aftermarket around, not the revenue scene, but around sort of the profits in its own way, the number of shop visits they're going to take place each year. So rather than under old accounting on a flying hour basis, revenues and profits will only be recognized when a shop visit takes place. So that will be the big difference in the sensitivity of the phasing of the overhauls, but also the mix and the work scope of the overhauls as well, the type of work overhauls that take place. So it's the first year of adoption, we're still learning, but it will bring much greater transparency to our business. The impact in 2017. So 2017 number operating profit of $1,175,000,000 pounds goes to the reduction is £854,000,000 getting us to £321,000,000 of profit in 2017 on a new basis. And that is the basis now that we're working towards as we give our guidance for 2018 profits of around £400,000,000 or so. And the key driver of the difference in sort in very simple terms, the absolute material key driver is that £700,000,000 wide body cash deficit, which now flows through our numbers immediately on sale rather than being capitalized and amortized over the life of the contract. Here are the major drivers, volumes, costs and so on. Sorry, I was a bit longer on that. And then the service revenue and margins. Well, these are the key items that will make profit and revenue flex according to actual performance. One thing that we should make clear, long term contract accounting doesn't go away completely because in the aftermarket, we still have to take a view on the long term contract percentage margin percentage of each contract. So that still comes into play. So there will still be that element there. We don't completely lose that aspect of long term contract accounting. A couple of other accounting issues on the horizon. IFRS nine, no material impact. This is around just simplified accounting for financial instruments, but no real material impact for Rolls Royce. IFRS 16, with effect from the January 1 next year, we'll be bringing our all of our leases onto our balance sheet. And at the half year, we'll share more details with you on how that impacts our numbers. The rating agencies, in case the question comes up, are already familiar with this and look at free cash flow and take this number into account in any event as they assess the health of our business. Outlook and guidance. We put this table in the pack this morning. We thought it's helpful just to summarize it all in one place. We are looking at mid single digit revenue growth for the group. Group operating profit of £400,000,000 plus or minus £100,000,000 building from the March And we've gone through each of the divisions line by line there just to explain how we get broadly to that £400,000,000 And free cash flow, 400,000,000 plus or minus £100,000,000 And all of these numbers accommodate the known issues on the Trent 901,000 that we've talked about in our release today. We have excluded ITP from numbers below just so that you can see a comparison with the business that you're familiar with today. Throwing ITP into the mix will reduce cash flow by about £50,000,000 but it increase profit by about £50,000,000 So just to put context around that as we look into 2018. Commentary, I won't repeat the commentary. This is what's all in the pack for each of the businesses. And this is the format that we'll be using at the half year when you'll see the business under the new three division setup, ITP in there and then whatever we do with other and eliminations to get us to a group continuing basis. And that's the shape of the portfolio. Key drivers to get us to the GBP $450,000,000, and Warren has pretty much gone through these, so I won't dwell on them. But the large driver there, increased cash revenues from the aftermarket growth, and we will continue to see further working capital improvements. Dividend is held steady at the same level as 2016. It's part of our overall capital allocation considerations. Our Capital Markets Day in the June, we'll look at capital allocation and returns on capital as well as looking at our progress in our restructuring program. When we look at our dividend, we're making a conscious linkage to free cash flow. And the growth in free cash flow will be the guide for us for the appropriate time to review our dividend policy and revisit that. So in summary, good performance, encouraging results. These are the priorities that I sort of set myself, when I highlighted the half year areas that I'll be looking at. I think just a couple of things on this. Costs, restructuring has been announced. Cash, I hope you'll see some enhanced analysis of cash flow. We changed the internal language as well. We went through our budget process, medium term plan process recently. And what absolutely delighted me, only realized that at the end of the process, didn't talk profit once throughout the whole process, the whole senior management team. And it was like, crikey, maybe we should have thought about the profit number, but it was cash was the internal language. And incentive schemes as well. We've now moved 75% of the weighting of our management bonus schemes to cash flow, which I think is an encouraging sign. Clearing the fog, hopefully, the drivers of performance that we highlighted today are helpful there. Balance sheet and capital allocation, we've introduced a new investment approval process. We're looking at return on capital targets. That's for the Capital Markets Day. And then the finance team, four clear priorities for us for 2018. And one of those that I am somewhat embarrassingly very excited about is value based modeling, which is a rolling five year forecast, a real time rolling five year forecast across the group on a driver basis. And I'm told that, that I'm going to see some very exciting results in two weeks' time as to where we've got to on that one with a whole bunch of metrics that drive a five year view of the business. So working on that. So in summary, delivering priorities, improving financial performance, our focus on cash running throughout the organization and the restructuring program will help drive further pace and simplification and efficiency. Thank you very much. Thanks, Stephen. I'll just do a few slides of summary here before we do questions. First of all, returning to the vision and strategy. So we said we'd addressed this during last year and we did. And if you look at Rolls Royce, well, a lot of our business is about aerospace. And what that means is that we have great domain knowledge in the aerospace world, but it doesn't necessarily make us an aerospace company. In fact, when I go around and talk when I first joined the business, I talked to lots of people around Rolls Royce and asked them about what's Rolls Royce really all about. And the answer is about power. And it's about basically, I express it as converting stored energy into useful power. And that's what we do across all of the applications that we serve through all the different types of engine that we produce. And historically, lot of that has been around better performance and better costs. And increasingly, as we look forward, it's around more efficiency and cleanliness and attention to the environment. And so we rephrased our vision as around pioneering the power that matters. And that's because if I look at how we've done that historically, it's always been around using the cutting edge technologies of the time. And actually, there's no reason why that shouldn't continue going forward. In fact, as we address issues like creating cleaner, safer, more efficient engines, then we have to embrace the best cutting edge technology. So that's the summary. So how do we go about doing that? Well, down at the bottom of the slide, I talk about a balanced portfolio. And you've heard this from Rolls Royce before, and we've talked about long cycle businesses and short cycle businesses, and that's kind of Business 101 financial common sense. But actually, each of these businesses uses slightly different technologies and the technologies flow through. And what is important to one type of business and to market sector at one stage perhaps applies at a different stage, a different time in another sector. And so included in the balance, as far as I'm concerned, is flowing of technologies through the different markets and businesses that we serve and exchange in both directions and exchange of the way in which we go about execution as well. So for example, in our Power Systems business, there is an awful lot of electrification. Electrification is an inescapable trend in industrial markets today, and that includes in aerospace in due course. But it's actually present today in many of the markets that we serve through our Power Systems business. And so there's a clear flow of taking the electrical systems expertise that we develop and practice with real customers in real applications in tough environments in our Power Systems business. We take that system expertise in one direction and we map it into our domain expertise from aerospace in the other direction. And so that's what championing electrification is all about. At the same time, of course, electrification is going to hit wide body airplanes in the mainstream for many years. And so it's absolutely essential that we remain cutting edge in terms of our gas turbine capability. And that's what vitalizing our existing capabilities is all about. And then how do we go about delivering all that? Well, it's about embracing things like more digital technology today. And a lot of that isn't just in the service end. Some of it is in the design end of our operations, linking our designs with our suppliers and with our customers. So that's what reinventing with digital is all about. And a good example of that applied in service and an example of applying that to the balanced portfolio is the way I talked earlier about taking the service model out of our Civil Aerospace piece and moving it into our Power Systems business. And then generally transforming our business and modernizing it and making it fit for the twentieth century twenty first century rather, this is what the box on the right hand side of the chart is all about. And there's a picture of applying optical measurements as the mechanical measurements in our production process. So the other sort of big picture thing that we've done is talk about restructuring our business from five to three, I just wanted to a little bit more depth on what we've done there. So if you look at the two at the top line of five businesses and the two on the right hand side, Nuclear and Marine, well, we've taken the submarines part out of our Nuclear business and we've put that into Defense. The customer is the same and so it's in alignment with customer. We've taken the services and control systems piece and plugged that into the services and control systems pieces within our Power Systems business because it's a similar type of activity on the one hand and a similar type of technology and product on the other hand. And in our Marine business, then we've moved the naval marine piece, a profitable cash generative piece into defense. Again, customers are the same, so alignment with customers. And we do have a strategic review on other parts of the commercial marine operation. But be under no doubt that we will continue to operate in the marine sector, in fact, our Power Systems business. That includes a lot of marine applications, lot of marine customers and a lot of electrification opportunity in the marine sector. We set ourselves some priorities for 2018, and I won't go through them all now. But clearly oriented, you should read this chart like a clock, starting with customers because they're the people that actually pay us the money. And if it wasn't for customers, then we wouldn't have any business. But we do need to focus on that cutting edge technology so that we develop the best solutions for our customers, and that technology has always been the foundation of our business and will continue to be so. Of course, it's a business, and so financial progress is really important, not only so that you guys can feel happy, but also so that we can generate enough cash to invest in the future of our business, make it more resilient In that resilient box as well as the output from the financial piece, we have the people piece because the people are the key differentiator around our business, and it's all about values and behaviors. So summarizing, 2017 encouraging. '18, we think it's going to be a year of significant progress. We've got some clear priorities for the team. And as we look forward, we remain pretty optimistic about the future, growing market share into growing markets and growing profitability. And with that, we'll deal with whatever questions you may have. All then. Where are we going to start? Let's I think we'll start here, Microphone, and then and then we'll go along this, the second row. Alright. Thank you very much. Good morning, gents. Christian Laughlin from Bernstein. Warren, I have a two part question about cash flow, actually. So kind of starting more tactically versus last year, ostensibly, things look a lot better given that you're giving, an outlook for positive trajectory in cash flow in 2018 whilst absorbing several 100,000,000 of, what was presumably unanticipated costs last year at this time relating to 1,009 100. So, if you could talk a little bit specifically about what are the positive offsets, within that guidance, particularly in this coming year. And then more broadly, over the next several years, from just a higher level, how the restructuring progress has impacted the the building blocks you've previously talked about towards about 1,000,000,000 cash flow or so target in 2020. Apologies, maybe this is in Stephen's lane right now. Okay. So Stephen's going to answer the first bit. Yes. So just to clarify all the numbers, we've highlighted £170,000,000 in 2017 on £901,000 doubling to the peak year next year of around £340,000,000 And notwithstanding that, we're reporting $450,000,000 free cash flow. So one might do the sums of thing, if it weren't for that. I think a couple of things. We carry within our guidance and indeed within our business plans around GBP 100,000,000 of cash contingency within our numbers for engine issues in any event. So automatically brings the number down a little bit. What are the positive contributors? Well, I think we've pointed to it really, I think, in the slides that the aftermarket growth is a big driver of the cash flow performance. And also at the same time, it is the reduced OE losses is another key driver. And working capital benefits is what we've reported today around £550,000,000 of working capital. It is a nature of our industry of the negative working capital aspects of particularly Rolls Royce as an OE manufacturer that there are customer deposits we take in advance. And when we invoice our customers the airframers, we invoice on a gross basis and we pay the concession fee later the discount fee to the operator in after a couple of two or three months later when the engine is in service. So you will get in a growing business, you'll get that benefit over a cutoff period at the year end, for example. In the growing business, you'll get year on year benefit there as well. So those are the big drivers of those positive contributors. And the next question was around the £1,000,000,000 Was that Well, basically, just kind of from a higher level perspective, and and this is something Warren's talked about a lot over the last eighteen months, building blocks towards a the the target of around £1,000,000,000 around, 2020 or so. So in in, tying that into the progress you've made just in the last year and the restructuring, how that ties into this specific building blocks, if that makes sense. Okay. So I mean, think over the last year, it's been pretty much according to plan. I mean, yes, we probably didn't have quite as much, in our own minds as contingency, as Stephen just spoke about, the engine issue. So arguably, we could be a little bit ahead of perhaps plan. But we always did say about £1,000,000,000 by about 2020. And a lot of good things could happen, and we'd be ahead. And a lot of bad things could happen, and we'd be behind. So I think we're broadly on track. In terms of restructuring, well, five units to three units is undoubtedly less complex to manage. And simplicity is a fundamental plank of what we need to do to modernize this business and make it competitive. I think in terms of restructuring, how does it affect the fundamental building blocks? Well, anything we can do on simplicity can improve cost, and that is helping us achieve the closing of the cost deficit of the cash deficit on OE sales and that's a key plank of the driver to £1,000,000,000 It's going to help improve the cost of service and that's also a key plank on the driver to £1,000,000,000 Difference between 2017 and 2020 is roughly two thirds of it is civil aerospace, those two blocks. It's clearly going to help us also with the other piece, which is wide general costs, G and A expenditure. And it enables us to put more focus on technology and so delivering better into the future. And one of the other things that we hope to achieve through the restructuring isn't just moving pieces around on organization charts. It's actually changing what it is that people do on a day to day basis to make it easier for them to do their jobs on a day to day basis and inject perhaps group wide some of the rigor, discipline and execution mindset that we've seen so strongly in our Power Systems business in 2018. Great. Thank you. Thanks. We've got one behind there and then we're going along the row. Jamie Rowotham from Deutsche Bank. Two from me, one on trading cash in civil and the other on XWB. Stephen, looking at Slide 40, the way you've presented the trading cash from Civil, that's very helpful. Just thinking about the dynamics going into 2018, I think you've guided elsewhere that the cash loss on OE probably steps up again in in 2018. Clearly, aftermarket, underlying should also go up in a positive way, but offset by the in service cost step up on Trent one thousand. Do you actually see a positive delta on civil trading cash flow in 2018 contributing to the step up in group free cash flow to $4.50? You touched on a good point. Yes, but not materially for the very fact of the OE. The OE margin reduction will take time to flow through. So that's why we're using sort of 2020 sort of breakeven. So it's a good point. And yes, it will grow, but we shouldn't be expecting material growth in cash flow in Civil. Yes. Okay. Thanks. And and just on XWB, could I ask how the ramp up's going on the dash 97 k compared to eight seven k? You know, I think we've seen some airlines switching their orders from the dash 1,000 to the dash 900 of the a three fifty, United and and CAFE, I think just at the end of last year. Presumably, that's whilst that's a boost to you achieving that breakeven on 84 k by 2020 that you showed on the slide, it's perhaps a slight hindrance to achieving breakeven maybe a couple of years later on the 97 k. Anything you can say on that would be helpful. Yeah. Well, we've seen we've seen a small amount of of of that sort of order shifting. And frankly, I've sat here before and talked about small changes in the order book are inevitable after a period of such exuberant ordering. But now that 97 ks is in service, then we don't actually see any issues as far as ramp up is concerned. Volumes will continue to be dominated by 84,000. But I don't see any signs on the horizon of a material change in the shape of the 97,000 backlog. Thanks. Thanks so much. Good morning. Rob Stallard from Vertical. A couple of questions. In your slides, you noted that the shop visits are expected to roughly double over the next five years. I was wondering if you could give us some idea of the profile of how that's likely to pan out over the next five years and the likely cash implications. And then maybe Warren, one for you. Boeing, talking about the MMA, a lot of talk about that potentially entering service in the middle of the next decade. What's Rolls Royce's latest position with regards to that potential program and your interest of being on that plane? Thank you. Thanks. Do want do shop visits? Yes. So on shop visits, two forty, rising to around 600 or so. And that is a reflection of the installed fleet. I think you'll see more sort of start to accelerate in the later of those years rather than in the earlier of those years. We have a relatively high proportion of young engines, so to speak, and that will therefore lead to it. But then it will pick up as they start approaching their first shop visit, as you would expect, after sort of five years or so. So that's that. And as it comes to the sort of the cash implications of that, well, we're investing hard in our services space generally to better understand engine performance. And a large part of our digital drive is in fact looking at engine health performance and then being able to better anticipate having the right parts in the right locations when the shop visits take place. So I'd hope we'd hope to see some improved economics there. But net net, whilst one might see around the time of the shop visits, reduced cash margin as you might expect, in absolute terms, you're going to see very good growth just driven by that growth in flying hours to that high number from the 12,500,000 flying hours today. Yes. And the second question on Boeing and the NMA. Well, right now, there continues to be a lot of discussion about that, but there's no committed program. We're in the business of selling engines. And so naturally, we would want to go after that opportunity if it makes commercial sense as an individual opportunity to pursue that. Strategically, it makes perfect sense for us to go after that, and that's what we're doing. Let's walk back up that side, Jon. Morning. Thank you. We'll do that one, and then we'll do that one, and then we'll go over there. Rami Myerson from Investec. Two questions. The first question is around the order book. The slide you put up, you've got 2,500 engines in order. And based on your planned production rates, you will probably exhaust that order book or a similar amount within the next five years. And order intake for Trent's has not been particularly strong in recent years. So how do you think about order intake momentum or book to bill over the next few years So, would be the first I think actually over the last eighteen months or so, book to bill has held up remarkably well. And a bit like the answer to the previous question, after the exuberant period of ordering, we would absolutely expect to see the absolute size of our backlog decline. But as we look at airline customers and their plans to modernize their fleet, then subject to what happens in the competitions, we don't see a problem with replenishing our order book, obviously, subject to what happens with the competitions. And competitive situations between different airframes as well. Unfortunately, we can't sort of control all of that. And the second question maybe more for Stephen around the transition from Total Care to the Select Care and other models. I think it was an interesting comment around Singapore Air moving some of its fleet into new Total Care long term service agreement business models. How should we think about that transition of actually quite a large number of aircraft moving into those models impacting the cash generation from your services business? Relatively immaterial impact. I mean, Care is the vast proportion vast majority of the fleet. Well over 90% is on Total Care. And that's the model of choice and that's what customers prefer, so small impact. You. You. Good morning. Selim Fonaro from UBS. I've got two questions, if I may. The first one would be on the IAE contribution for 2017 and what we're looking at for 2018 and how you're thinking about that over your five year chart? And my second question is looking at some of the focus you had on the customer and how you are delivering for the customer in aerospace. So if we look at the A330neo, if you could just comment on the delays that you've had on the engine side there and what are the issues related to, similarly on the XWB larger engine. And what I'm getting at is, are we sure that the issues that we've encountered on the Trent 1,900 are not going to come up in two years' time on the XWB? And how much are you investing in simulation tools if we are going to go for M and A engine? Thank you. Okay. So the V2500 question, yes, we are expecting that to continue at around $250,000,300 million pounds for each of the next five years. So and you can use that assumption. Okay. And talking about the 97 ks and the Trent 7,000 and the probability of issues such as we've seen on the 1,000 appearing on newer engines. First of all, yes, the A330neo will be delayed in terms of its entry into service versus the original time plan. And that was actually the case with 97 ks and A350-one thousand as well. It's not all about engines. The aeroplanes are complex bit of kit and there's a lot that goes into it and the engine is one of those complex bits of kit. We have undoubtedly played our part in the delay for A330neo. However, our delivery schedule for Trent 7000 has been stable now for about the last six months or so since well, since around the Farnborough issue last year and, sorry, the Paris issue last year. And so I'm reasonably confident that we will be there or thereabouts and not be the issue that's holding up that launch when it happens. As for, whether and so what you should read from that is that everything you've seen on Trent 1,000 has nothing whatsoever to do with any sort of program schedule shifting on the new engines. Obviously, we can't guarantee that there won't be issues with those new engines. It's a complex system and there's all sorts of interaction between how the thing is used and how it's been designed. What I would say, however, is that the Trent 900 was designed around 2001 and the Trent 1,000 was designed around 2005. And yes, we use different design tools as we move forward. I'd ask you to consider what's Moore's Law done since 2001, in terms of the compute power that we're able to deploy to design these things? Answer quite a lot. And that doesn't give me total confidence, because you cannot be totally confident in these things. But it gives me a very reassuring feeling. And in terms of, pointers in that direction, then it's very encouraging to see the XWB initial performance and compare that with the early years of Trent one thousand. And the new design flows and the new design tools that are being used definitely seem to be having an impact. Yeah. Thanks. I think we had one over that side, and then we're going to come across the middle. Andrew Gollum from Berenberg. Two questions, please. Firstly on cash flows, traditionally Rolls Royce has had very lumpy cash flows throughout the year. So two questions around that. Is that profile in VertiColomb is improving and smoothing? And was there anything within the last month or so that or around the year end that we should know about that have come out in the numbers today? And the second question is on ITP. I think that the first installment was through shares. What do you anticipate the structure of the next payments in the coming year or so, shares or cash? Yes. I'll do that. So yes, lumpy cash we do. We have really lumpy cash flows and it sort of struck me that it's coming in relatively new. It's quite difficult to decipher sort of operational cash flows from there's concession payments, there's risk and revenue sharing partner payments, there's participation fees, there's R and D contributions. We have big, large, lumpy cash flows. And in its own way, I often reflect that giving sort of guidance on hundreds of millions of pounds on a £15,000,000,000 revenue business in itself is a little bit sort of difficult. Having said all of that, it is an area that we're paying a lot of attention to, to get improved visibility of it and management and planning of it as well. In an ideal world, I'd like to systemize it so we take out that sort of roller coaster ride that we have, and that's what we're trying to achieve. We're not going to get there overnight. There's a lot to do in this space. But as that whole sort of cash flow working capital management, I think there's a very good opportunity within our roles to get a much even profile of flows. So we're not there yet, focusing on it, but there's still a lot to do. And Warren, ICP? Well, yes, I mean, yes, the first payment was in shares. We have an agreement where we decide on a quarter by quarter basis, and we'll make those decisions subject to very short term cash requirements. And if I look at a sort of worst case, then a worst case would be in the 3% to 4% dilution range even if we had to pay for the whole thing, in shares. And so that's kind of boundary condition, but we would this is over several years. And you can see that we absolutely expect to see our cash flows improve over that period. And therefore, I wouldn't expect the shares to continue right throughout the period. And I didn't mean to skip your questions, sorry, about around the year end. If anything, I think it's concession payments that we pay after the engine in service to the operator and yet we bill the airframe on a gross basis. But that's something we get every year, and the impact, therefore, is just is the growth year on year, the way you see that as a driver of working capital growth. I think we have to move since it's right next to you, why don't you just pass the microphone? Jeremy Bragg from Redburn. Two questions. One on middle of the market again. Do you think you could hold R and D flat in 2022, I. In five years' time if you have to accelerate Ultrasound for middle of the market? So conceptual question, I. E, what's it going to cost? And question two, can you comment on the sort of revenues per engine or per pound of thrust for a new engine versus an old one? I. E, do you see materially higher power by the hour revenues for a similar thrust output engine for an XWB versus an old one? And, also, do you see a different overhaul pattern on those engines, please? I'm struggling simplistically to take 3,300 engines divide once every five years to get to 260, two forty overhauls. So can you help with those things, please? Thanks. Yes. Right. Let me start with NMA and the R and D cost profile. I mean the answer is that if we're engaged in that program, it's likely to cost somewhere between 1,000,000,000 and £2,000,000,000 over a period of probably about five years. And what we will endeavor to do is make as much of that cost as possible overlap with the underlying architecture development, which is the UltraFan program. We need to do that new architecture because we need to be competitive for large engines in the back end of the next decade. If there's an opportunity to take some of that investment, convert it into an NMA program and start to monetize that investment a few years sooner than we would otherwise be monetizing it, then it sounds like a pretty sensible thing to do. But it isn't going to come completely free of charge. We understand that. And so in terms of absolute, would we be spending absolutely the same amount of money in 2022 as with or without NMA? No, it is bound to cost us a little more. But in the scheme of how much we spend on R and D in total, how much we intend to spend on R and D in total, it's going to be a small perturbation rather than a massive change. With regards to are we getting much more out of newer engines, the answer is it depends. The pricing matrix is complex and we try to secure, on the basic principle, more value to the customer means more money to Rolls Royce. So if it's a bigger thrust engine and I can lift more people into the air, then I pay more. And that is consistent and that works and people understand it. If I can do that and at the same time, spend less on the fuel, that is required to do it, then part of that value is actually just competed away. It's these newer engines are cleaner, they're more efficient, but they need to be in order to maintain our competitive position. If we can secure extract some of that extra benefit that we're giving to the customer, then we do. But I wouldn't sort of bank on us achieving 100% success there. I don't know of any technology sector in the world that the businesses actually achieve that because we'll compete the benefits away. Think we need to come this side and at least sort of ring the changes so that the microphone people can get there. Thanks. You. Nick Cunningham, Agency Partners. A quick question about, IFRS 15, and I apologize for asking about profit, which is obviously somewhat declassay, nowadays. But there's I suppose it is the starting starting point for a cash flow. The the the, IFRS 15, I think you'd indicated in the past that there'd be about a 100,000,000 annual convergence per year, towards, if you like, old gap, forecasts, which is quite a helpful sanity check for us when we're we're doing our, of of of adopting IFRS 15 forecast. Obviously, that didn't happen this year, but we we can clearly see maybe some of the reasons for that. I want is that still a reasonable rule of thumb? That's my first question. And then on R and D, the the movements that you indicated, I was wondering if you could expand that a little bit, if you like the important lines of the R and D, what leads to the net R and D? And as to is it all falling into civil? Is all the delta in civil? Or is there anything else going on there? Right. Okay. So IFRS 15, yes, slightly larger impact of just over £100,000,000 or so. And it's actually a good news story that actually explains that sort of £100,000,000 more than we expected because we sold more Trent 700s linked profit accounted for in 2017 than we'd anticipated, which is of course good news. But there's a £200,000,000 delta because of that. And that's an impact there or sorry, 200,000,000 impact because of the Trent seven hundred sales margin. So that was the key delta on it, but your original view is the correct one. And then R and D, yes, just going through the slides, and I'll just get my slide back in front of me again. We start off around £1,400,000,000 and then we have contributions from third parties of around £400,000,000 And The UK is the significant contributor, but it's across Germany, The U. S. And other European countries and so on. That gets us down to £1,000,000,000 And then we've got the capitalization amortization of the number that we highlighted there in the pack and then capitalization of that spend of around £400,000,000 or so. And the policy application that we put in is in respect of the starting a little earlier on the preliminary design review rather than engine certification. So once we prove the economics of the engine, we start capitalizing it. And then rather than engine in service for stopping capitalizing, we often carry out some performance enhancements to the engine in the first one or two years of its life to get it up to full spec, and that might be oil sorry, fuel burn or whatever. But so it's one or two years later after engines in services, a slightly longer capitalization period that gets you to that extra £83,000,000 that we've highlighted this morning, and that gets you to the net R and D. And When you look at the buckets, think of the net, let's say, 900,000,000 that you're left with then, often we talk about civil aerospace, 200,000,000 of that is in Power Systems. And then about 100,000,000 of that is in digital and electrification around the electrification initiatives that we're working on, that's combined by the way, that's not each, and also enhancing our service offerings in the aftermarket. So that's in there. And then in civil, you've got around sort of, let's say, 300,000,000 across those three engines that were just brought into service over the last twelve months. And the balance is a whole variety of aerospace technologies, whether it be around turbines, combustion, fuel efficiency, emissions and so on, the bulk of the spend. That's the broad mix of the R and D when you get down to that £900,000,000 I'm afraid I'm not living up to the rigor discipline and execution mentality here because we're overrunning on time. So if we just have to make this the last question, I'm afraid. Can we go in the middle there for the last question? I'm very sorry. Yes. Thank you. It's David Perry at JPMorgan. Maybe one for Steven, one for Warren. Steven, on this capitalized R and D issue, you talk a lot about the £83,000,000 accounting policy, but the much bigger jump seems to be a more discretionary decision to just capitalize way, way more R and D than has been done, I think, ever, and it's going to be even more going forward. So can you just explain why you've decided to do that? Because I think you'll it's sort of 400,000,000 that you're talking about, and it's all going to civil error. And then, for you, Warren, I don't know whether you were misquoted by a journalist the other day, but, in in The Times, they were talking about this huge push into electrification, but it hasn't really been discussed much in this meeting. I mean just sort of can you talk a little bit to the cost of that and the payback on it, please? So on the capitalization, I don't think it's sort of more than ever. I think it's more around the fact that we are in the midst basically, the three large engines that we've brought to the market in the last twelve months with their first in the twelve month period in their first flight, the capital spend on that is significant and the capitalization of that is ongoing until they reach full spec, which will be a little while after engine into service. The £83,000,000 is very much around the policy application, is very much around aligning with our European peers. MTU and Safran are the two examples that I quoted, and it is consistent with that. And we think it better reflects the economics of the capitalization phase when it's appropriate to do so. That's where we are on that particular treatment. And on Electrification then, as I said when presenting a moment or two ago, this is an inexorable trend in industrial technology markets. Actually, whilst it makes for quite good stories in terms of actual financial impact today, it's relatively small. We're probably going to be spending about £50,000,000 on transferring electrical capability into the aerospace domain during 2018. But most of the activity happens in our Power Systems business. And as I say, that is absolutely deliberate. This is servicing applications where electrification is prevalent today. And it enables us to develop systems expertise, capability in that area, but at the same time have a revenue stream to back it. So it's kind of absorbed in in our Power Systems business. So can I just be cheeky as one more? This is more a request. Yes, cheeky. In your presentation, Steen, you said you were really pleased that in your planning discussion, there was no discussion of profit. It was all about cash. So in the guidance you give us, can you just guide us to cash by division? Because it seems that in Congress that we get guidance on profit, but you yourself plan around cash. I'd like to get there, I think in good time, not ready just yet. I think we've added a lot of extra guidance this year, and there'll be more to come, I'm sure. But at this stage, we're giving just group cash guidance, and let's see where we get to in six months, twelve months' time. Thank you. Thank you all for coming along and taking an interest. We'll be back in six months.

• Annual report
• Annual report
• Slides