Good morning everyone, and welcome to TGS Q2 2022 earnings release. My name is Kristian Johansen, I'm the CEO of TGS, and with me today, I have our CFO, Sven Børre Larsen, and our EVP of Digital Energy Solutions, Jan Schoolmeesters. Let's have you read the forward-looking statements after the presentation is over. I'll just jump straight to the highlights of Q2. Again, we announced our numbers as we always do on the sixth business day of the quarter. Obviously the revenues won't come as a big surprise to you. I have to say, we're extremely pleased about the quarter. It's the third quarter in a row now where we not only beat your expectations, but we actually beat our own expectations as well, which is always great.
We had strong late sales of $97 million in Q2 of 2022, and that compares to about $30 million in the same quarter of last year. The total revenues, if you include the pre-selling revenues, were $230 million, and that compares to $72 million in Q2 of 2021. A significant year-on-year improvement on revenues this quarter. We had POC revenues of about $136 million, and that compares to $54 million in Q2 of 2021. Not only did we have strong revenues this quarter, but we also had a strong order inflow. We had new orders signed of $156 million, and that compares to $49 million in Q2 of 2021. The backlog remains at around $220 million.
It's slightly down despite the fact that we had a very strong order inflow, and the reason for that is that we completed a big project in Argentina in the quarter. The financial position remains really strong. We have a net cash balance of $255 million after Q2. That means that we can continue to pay a quarterly dividend of $0.14 per share, and that's U.S. dollars, which again is about $16 million paying out to shareholders after Q2. We're really pleased about delivering on our strategy. If you go back to our capital markets day that we had in February 2021, and you look at the slides there and where we talk about our strategic priorities going forward, I can clearly look back on that and say we have delivered on that.
It's partly supported by M&A. As you know, we actually did 3 M&A transactions. First one announced on the 29th of June, and during that week, starting the 28th, we announced 3 M&A transactions that will be closed eventually, during July and August and possibly September. We're delivering on our strategy, and we're extremely excited about the new acquisitions that will really be a game changer for TGS going forward. The reason for doing that is that we believe the market recovery is continuing. We've seen that, as I said, the third quarter in a row now where we beat our own expectations and we beat the market expectation. We think it's gonna continue. We're gonna continue to see a market recovery in our seismic business.
If we move on to the next slides and the next section of the presentation, we're gonna talk a little bit about the operational highlights for Q2. The first slide talks about the multi-client operations that we had going on in Q2. Some of these have been discussed previously. For example, the Engagement 2, I'm not gonna talk too much about that because we completed the transaction in March or early April of 2022. I'm not gonna touch too much on that other than saying that this is another successful OBN transaction in the Gulf of Mexico. In fact, we looked back on the performance of our three OBN surveys now, or our two first OBN surveys in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico, and they're just as good as the last surveys that we kicked off in the 2008-2010 period.
We are very optimistic now that we can continue to do OBN surveys in the U.S. GoM, covering the same area that we did a lot of work from 2008 to 2012, and with the same type of profitability, which is again, just shows that seismic is developing in terms of technology, and you can overshoot areas over and over and over again, which is just a great business model and a great business to be part of. Second one, if we move right, Cameron Canyon, that's a new project that we announced in Canada. This is a 10,000 sq km of 3D data. It's actually an extension of the South Bank survey that we did back in 2020.
Fast track data is gonna be available in 2022 or for the 2022 licensing round, and that licensing round is gonna be later this fall. Final data is supposed to be available in 2023 for that data set. Moving further to the right, NOAKA 2022 OBN, also a new project. This is an extension of a 2021 project that we did, and the final data here will be available in 2023. Two of these projects I've talked about right now is OBN projects, and again, goes back to our internal review of these projects where we see good profitability and we see a very strong market going forward where we cover a lot of these areas that are about to be mature, and now we cover that with new technology, new and better technology.
Obviously, that's a part of the reason why we announced the acquisition of Magseis, of course. Magseis is, by the way, the supplier in both these two projects. Sarawak 3D, I've already talked about that in our Q1 presentation. Its phase one is about 8,500 square kilometers of 3D data acquisition completed in Q2, so it's already done. Final data is scheduled for 2023, and there is a possibility there for next or further phases of that project. We're working now with our clients to identify new areas where we can continue acquisition. Suriname is an interesting area. Suriname is one of the areas that we saw big discoveries in February this year. The phase one is about 11,100 square kilometers of new 3D data.
In addition to that, we also do reprocessing of about 3,000 square kilometers of existing data in Suriname. So again, this is another project where we see potential for additional phases subject to client interest, which we believe is good in line with exploration success that we see. Last but not least, Red Sea 3D. Phase one here is about 6,800 square kilometers. It's a long offset 3D data with acquisition completed in early April. Phase two is another 5,000 square kilometers, and acquisition there is about to complete as we speak. Final data will be sometime around year-end 2022 or early 2023 for phase two.
In addition to that, you also see that we have a number of ongoing processing or reprocessing projects where we take existing data and reprocess that to improve the quality. Then, as I said, being able to sell it or license that once again to our clients. A busy quarter in terms of multi-client operations, busy quarter for our processing centers as well, and we think it's gonna stay busy. Partly because our view now is that the market continues to improve, and we see greater client interest pretty much all over the world. Also very excited about a new wind measurement campaign that we announced in Q2. This is revolutionizing the way the wind industry accesses offshore measurement data. You can see the picture of the lidar buoy on the right-hand side.
Basically, we're applying the existing multi-client business model and data lake capabilities to wind lidar data. The first project that we announced is a new wind measurement project offshore the U.S. East Coast. This is a New York Bight area. For those of you who follow the wind industry, you saw it was a really successful licensing round announced in New York Bight just a few months ago. This enables the most accurate forecasting of the wind energy production potential. Like with our multi-client projects for oil and gas or seismic, it's supported by industry funding, and it's exactly the same business model. We go out and we seek industry funding. We don't own the equipment, but we charter the equipment for the job. We hope to license this to multiple parties.
An extremely interesting and innovative idea from TGS, where we take a very successful business model that has been proven now about 40 years, and we apply that to another similar industry that sees great growth potential for the future. Very proud of what the team has done in this regard. Just the creativity and the ability to use an existing success story in new markets is just what we wanna see in terms of making the transition for TGS. I'll give you an update on our strategy, and especially in light of the acquisitions we made and try to put them into a context in terms of how we think about the market going forward and how we see TGS develop not only for the next years, but for the next decades.
First of all, the roadmap for continued long-term value creation for TGS is basically can be summarized by four bullet points. It's industry-leading cost structure, it's scale, diversification, combined with a strong balance sheet. If you start on the left-hand side, industry-leading cost structure is just extremely important. You know, we have a very strong focus on cost in TGS. We want to have the lowest unit cost of any player in our industry. We try to improve efficiency through smart adaptation of technology and a continuous process improvements, whether that's in processing operations or in multi-client operations. Number two is scale, and scale is important in terms of explaining the acquisitions and talking and justifying the acquisitions we made.
We not only see high margins on incremental sales, but we can provide customers with better quality at a lower cost. For example, the ION multi-client data library, which is close to 30% of TGS in terms of 3D, but we can continue to license that library just with adding a few number of people to do that. Scale is obviously very important also in terms of keeping that industry-leading cost structure. Diversification is important. What we really wanna do is to utilize our core competencies to build an offering across the energy value chain. We talked about this in the Capital Markets Day back in February 2021, and I'm extremely proud of what we've done since then in terms of building a business organically and by M&A.
In the future, our goal is basically to reflect the overall energy mix. If you look at the energy mix in 20 or 30 years from now, you will see that oil and gas will still be probably the majority of it, but you're gonna see the highest growth in areas such as solar, wind, geothermal, carbon capture and storage, and you name it. We wanna be part of that, and we wanna reflect the overall energy mix, whether it's in 10 years, 20 years, or 30 years. That's really our reason for the diversification. Not only that, but we also see that a lot of these businesses, they're probably more insight-driven than data-driven. They also provide a different business model.
Rather than being a project-based business like we do today, it's a subscription-based, non-cyclical revenue stream that goes well along with our slightly more cyclical revenue stream in seismic. Then last but not least, and this is very important to us, a strong balance sheet backs all these other strategic priorities. A low financial gearing to counter the high operational gearing we see. That again allows for counter cyclical investments, and it also allows TGS to do acquisitions and inorganic growth in times like we're in right now. That's kind of the roadmap that we're following in terms of how do we think about the next year, but not only the next year, but the next five or the next ten, etc.
The next one is basically showing a similar slide to what we showed in 2021 at the Capital Markets Day. But now we've added the acquisitions on the right-hand side, and you can see how the acquisitions are really fitting into the strategic priorities that we announced to the market. If we start with the first one, new technologies in mature basins. We saw back in 2019 and 2020 that some of the core areas of TGS were about to move from frontier to mature. Take North Sea as an example, U.S. Gulf of Mexico, even Brazil was making that kind of transition from frontier to mature. When you go from frontier to mature, you also need to apply new technologies in terms of being able to overshoot your existing data.
I think this is a great example where we, as I showed on the previous slide, we've been using OBN now for three different surveys, both in Norway and U.S. Gulf of Mexico over the past two years. We're gonna continue to see a quite significant growth in that regard. Magseis Fairfield fits perfectly in terms of applying these new technologies in mature basins. Magseis is very strong in areas such as Norway, Gulf of Mexico and Brazil, and those are really the key areas for TGS as well. We want to strengthen our position in South Atlantic. South Atlantic is probably the area where you're gonna see the highest seismic activity going forward, whether it's gonna be frontier or mature basins, but it's a growth area.
Both the acquisition of ION and Magseis Fairfield back that strategy, as did Spectrum back in 2019. There is a plan behind that, and it's really increasing our footprint and our scalability in the South Atlantic. Both these transactions, both Magseis and ION fit perfectly into that strategy. We don't address the point on further growth onshore, so we will have to seek that growth from organic activities. If you move down and look at the technology strategies, one is to expand the value chain through data analytics, and Prediktor fits perfectly in there. Prediktor has 40 experts within data analytics who's gonna help us and basically fill the gap that we have in Europe, where we have about 40 people in Houston working data analytics.
Now we're also gonna have 40 people working out of Europe. It's a perfect fit to our existing Houston-based team. Imaging quality and reputation. As you seek new technologies in mature basins, there's also gonna be a higher requirement for better processing. TGS has been a tier one, tier two processing company for many years. We think that with the acquisition of ION, we can get even stronger, and we can be a clear number one or two in our industry in processing as well, which has been our goal for quite some time. Magseis Fairfield. ION is gonna help us to get there because we can take the best of two companies, build the best software package, get synergies from hardware, and more scale.
Magseis Fairfield is also gonna help us there because Magseis Fairfield is gonna increase the traffic and the workload for our processing centers. In that regard, both these transactions actually support our strategy in a great way. Last but not least, diversification. I touched on that on the previous slide, but, you know, having data offerings towards other energy-related industries and other industries that may have higher growth potential than oil and gas for the next two or three decades is obviously an important part of our strategy, and that's where Prediktor fits perfectly in. Couple of minutes on these transactions that we did. Magseis, I think most of you are quite familiar to Magseis, but it is the world's leading OBN acquisition company.
They got a strong position in TGS's core markets such as Norway, Brazil, and Gulf of Mexico. We made an offer to acquire all the outstanding shares on the 29th of June this year. The strategic rationale is quite obvious. Number one, it strengthened our multi-client business towards ILX and converted contracts. This is the part of the market that has shown the highest stability during the down cycle, and it's a good way for TGS to secure an even stronger position in that market. It also positioned TGS for production seismic and 4D. Again, these are examples of relatively stable, non-cyclical markets that TGS would love to get into at the right moment, and we think this is the right moment to do that.
Number three, it further enhances TGS's position in OBN processing, so I touched on that already. Number four, don't forget the fact that it also improves the exposure towards energy transition-related industries, and that would be offshore wind, that would be CCS, so carbon capture and storage, and also deep sea minerals. This transaction fits into TGS in so many different ways, and it really changes the way TGS can pursue our clients in the future. The global OBN market, as I mentioned previously, is looking really promising. It's probably gonna pass about $1 billion of total revenues this year. It's gonna continue to grow next year. More interestingly, if you look at the market share of OBN versus streamer seismic or market share of the total, you see it continues to go up. It's almost.
We expect it to be close to 1/3 of the overall seismic market already in 2023. We think this is the right timing to do this and feel very, very positive about this transaction. Another transaction was ION. It's expanding our multi-client footprint and data processing offering, and the description of ION is that it's considered the number five multi-client company globally, very similar business model to TGS. It's asset light, strong position in Africa and Latin America, as you can see on the map. We basically acquire all ION's offshore multi-client data, both 3D and 2D, and also the processing business. We did this as part of a Chapter 11 process that ION went through in the U.S. It's a relatively big database.
If you look at the Multi-Client Library, it actually increases by 29% as a result of this transaction, and the 2D library increases by 14%. It's quite a significant change and increase in our total footprint. Not only that, we're also buying a processing company. A processing company that has a great reputation in the market, and a processing company that comes with IP, it comes with technology, it comes with people, and you name it. In many ways, we feel really good about this transaction as well. I think it's really gonna help us to improve our imaging reputation, which as I said, was one of the key priorities back in 2021 when we announced our new strategy. Then Prediktor.
Prediktor, Jan is gonna talk more about that, but it's gonna be an important building block in our renewables strategy. The company is a leading provider of asset management and real-time data management solutions. They do that both to renewable and energy asset owners. The company is based in Fredrikstad in Norway, has about 40 people, and has a strong presence already in the solar industry, but they also deliver solutions to other types of industrial assets, whether that's wind energy or even oil and gas, for that matter. If you look at the growth potential for solar power, the EIA expects a compounded annual growth rate of about 11.7% over the next 10 years or so. That compares to about 8.9% for offshore wind, for example. This is the fastest-growing area in renewables.
For TGS to get a footprint into that is obviously a game changer for our strategy as well. We can help Prediktor accelerate the go-to-market strategy. We have offices all over the world. We have long experience of 40 years of experience to break into and get into new countries, and obviously, we can help Prediktor with a go-to-market strategy to put their growth strategy on or accelerate that growth strategy. With that, I'm gonna hand it over to Jan Schoolmeesters, who's gonna talk more about the Digital Energy Solutions progress and the strategy going forward. Then he's gonna hand it over to Sven Børre Larsen again, who's gonna talk about our financials, and then I will come back and talk about the outlook and summarize the presentation.
Thank you very much, and welcome to Jan.
Thank you, Kristian, and it's great to be able to explain a little bit more around the Digital Energy Solutions strategy and progress. Digital Energy Solutions, that's the group in TGS where we have put together all our digitalization efforts. Part of that is also New Energy Solutions. Why we put New Energy Solutions in this group is because we feel it's essential to resolve the complex energy picture to make the right decisions based on the right data. If you look at the complexity of the energy sources, there's more and more sources, more and more intermittency. We feel that the digital solutions are gonna help to master that type of intelligence.
This is giving rise to the DES vision, the Digital Energy Solutions vision, where we really wanna create a one-stop shop for data and insights for the energy industry. With that more and more complex picture of the energy landscape, it's more and more mixing of energy sources. You really need to have a multitude of different data sources to make your decisions, to make your optimization of power plants, when to produce more, when to produce less. We have grouped this in energy producers and supply chain, energy distributors and energy consumers. Those are more like industrial consumers because they all play a part here. They all influence the investment decisions that you're gonna make for new areas to invest in, wind parks, solar parks, you name it.
We're building up this database, and if you look at TGS, what we've done over the past 40 years, we've always worked with big data. We've always worked with digitalization, and we accelerated that in the last decade with a lot of data and analytics efforts and development of software as well. All these elements are really key now. We have a strong base of our data lake that contains all the subsurface data that you can imagine, seismic well data products, and also closer to the surface. We have APIs that we provide to clients to get access to the seismic data lake, but we also continue to develop more and more software to extract the right insights from that data.
You can also see that Prediktor that is doing this for live streaming data fits in perfectly here. They capture millions of data points. They put it together, they make sense of it, they provide it to clients, client software, and they also have their own software. It fits perfectly in this DES vision. We don't want to do this just on a part of the value chain. We want to do this for the full project life cycle. When you screen an area, when you select an area, when you work up an area, we want to be able to provide the right type of data and software, and ultimately, when you operate the assets as well, which is something that Prediktor has the expertise for.
In order to go about this building up from the subsurface onward to other data sources, we needed to ramp up our DES team. We did some recruiting of subject matter experts in wind and in solar, coming from DNV, coming from Scatec, coming from industry in general and project financing. With a handful of those subject matter experts, we started developing organic products. I'm giving you an example of the TGS wind ecosystem.
That's not normally an area that TGS would be straightaway finding the right types of solutions, but through the subject matter experts and through some innovative thinking, we were able to come up with a real slick type of software that has low latencies and that gets good reception in industry. It's got several components, and the colored text means that we have that either in-house or it's ongoing, and the darker blue ones are where we are collaborating with others. Worth mentioning here 4C, the company that we acquired last year, it was key for us to get access to clients, to understand the clients. Their expertise helped us to develop the right type of product as well. Then we built what we call the Wind AXIOM.
That's a GIS-type platform where you can interrogate a lot of the areas around the world, find the most suitable areas in terms of energy output, in terms of wind profiles, in terms of the bathymetry. There's all sorts of different data streams that go into this to make the right decisions. We now high-grade that with the LiDAR measurements that Kristian mentioned before. That's an innovative way, new business model for the industry that we're bringing to market. That's gonna be proprietary data that we're mixing in with a lot of the public data here to make sure that the picture becomes more and more precise. Worth mentioning is that we also have the ambition to put the multibeam data in there, new measurements.
We already have existing measurements in there, but also, ultra-high resolution shallow seismic is really interesting. That's where, for instance, Magseis has a proprietary-type solution which we are really interested in as well. The energy forecasting completes the picture there. You can see that we have a whole range of products here that are relevant for investment decisions. We are ramping up on the subscription side of things. Of course, the first multi-client lidar is a new type of thinking, a new business model that shortens timelines, that reduces cost, and that makes it more practical for our wind developers to get to the development of their wind parks quicker.
That type of thinking leads into our second focus, and that's really the disruptive solutions that we're aiming to explore. We believe that with the limited margins that there are for wind developers, for solar plants, et cetera, that we need to have the smartest approach. We put some venture capital into a startup. It's led by the former chief digital officer of Siemens Gamesa. They have a passionate team of a handful of people that are now building up the company. Their whole concept is based on the fact that if you have a lot of the development is around even higher wind turbines that capture more wind in high wind periods, but they're all producing at the same time, so you get a lot of electricity influx.
With the post-subsidy market, when the pricing is not fixed but it's market-driven, you see that electricity prices can reach zero because there's just too much electricity being produced in times when it's not really that needed. What they have done is they work with an AI model, taking all these different inputs and variables that you cannot do by just the human brain, and they combine this to find the optimal wind park designs, but also the operation of wind parks. How can you optimize it such that you can capture wind in the low wind periods, that you can optimize energy output for those periods? That's gaining good interest. They still have a long way to go, but we have 10% of the equity.
We're working together with them, and they're very focused on the onshore market, which is interesting for us, as we've been focusing on the offshore market to date. It gives us an entry into a new market, with a collaborative effort of product development here as well. That's the second track that we've taken to further grow our vision and the platform-type solutions that we see. The third one is through M&As. We need certain areas. We need to strengthen our subject matter expertise, get access to clients, and have a track record that gives confidence to clients that we can deliver the full value chain of solutions here.
If you can be in operations and maintenance phase of these wind parks, of these solar parks, that's really one of the highest aims that we have, because you're in the project for 20, 30 years, making sure that you provide the right type of software and run it and optimize the assets. It's a real attractive part of the segment to be in. With Prediktor, that gives us a ticket to be in there. They're already providing a lot of the solutions, and they do this also to sizable ventures. They have the biggest customers in the industry as their clients. They have Johan Sverdrup. They provide the data streams there to Equinor and others.
They have the Dogger Bank wind park that is being built, the Benbulben solar park. These are extremely large projects, but they're entrusted with the mission-critical data from these companies. It's really a strong feat from a relatively small company in Fredrikstad to have been getting the confidence of the clients. When we called around and talked to clients, they were all singing the praises of Prediktor, but they also were extremely happy that a company like TGS would take over, because they recognized that it is much more robust in terms of the future, in terms of driving innovation, in terms of global reach, new geographical regions that we can support more operations. We get very strong support from the Prediktor clients, which was really important to us too.
We see that they had a year ago one utility-type client. Now they have nine in the portfolio. It's really strong growth that we already see, but we believe that we can also open up new areas, new regions, and we can definitely help them improve the scalability, because we really have built up a lot of expertise in cloud-based solutions that are well accepted by industry. That's a quick run-through of Digital Energy Solutions, where we are at this stage. The next focus is gonna be a lot on making sure that we get more value out of the companies that we acquire, like Prediktor, like 4C Offshore, that we combine the efforts here and make sure that one and one is more than two here.
Also we continue to build up on the full value chain offerings that we see and explore disruptive ideas. With that, summary of Digital Energy Solutions, I hand it over to our CFO, Sven Børre Larsen, who will go through the numbers. Thank you.
Thank you for that, Jan. We certainly have exciting things going on in the DS segment. As we speak, we actually have roughly $16 million of annual or a run rate of annual subscription revenues in the DS segment. We expect that to grow quickly going forward. As Jan said, I will go through the financials today. I'll start by talking about the operating revenues. First, early sales. You can see the chart on the top left-hand side. We had early sales of $127 million in the quarter. Early sales is all the sales that we have committed for the service that we completed in the quarter. So this.
It's not a POC recognition as we used to have with respect to the pre-funding revenues that we reported before. This is a point-in-time revenue recognition of all the revenues that has been committed to-date on projects that have been completed during the quarter. This quarter, the $127 is, as you can see in a historical perspective, quite high. The main reason for that is that we completed the Malvinas 3D project in Argentina. That was a project with very high pre-funding. We also saw some contributions from the Voyager 3D survey onshore U.S. in the Powder River Basin in Wyoming. Also from the AM20 or Atlantic Margin 20 survey in the Norwegian Sea in Norway.
Obviously also a few other smaller surveys. Going over to late sales. We had a really strong late sales development in the quarter with $97 million, and that's obviously a huge year-on-year improvement. The strong late sales is obviously driven by the recovery we have seen in frontier markets. We also had some help from transfer fees during this quarter. We are also optimistic that we're going to continue to see quite decent momentum in late sales in the second half of the year. Proprietary revenues came in at $6 million, so a couple of millions more than we saw in the previous quarter and also in the same quarter of last year.
This gave us total revenues of $230 million, which is, of course, a massive improvement of what we have seen in both in the previous quarters and also compared to Q2 of last year. I will talk a little bit about the operating result and cash flow, starting with the operating expenses on the top left-hand side. We have $31 million of operating expenses in the quarter. As you can see, it is fairly high compared to what we have shown over the past few quarters. This is entirely down to the profit-based bonuses that we pay to the employees. This quarter, the bonuses contributed eight or almost $9 million.
Adjusting for that, the cost development is pretty much in line with what you should expect. On the amortization side, we had fairly high amortization in the quarter, $161 million. This consisted of $120 million of accelerated amortization, which was largely driven by the completion of the Malvinas project. As I said, the Malvinas project had really high pre-funding rate, actually more than 100%. When we recognize revenues from such projects, there will also be quite high associated accelerated amortization. In addition to that, sometimes when we have high late sales, we will have to accelerate amortization on some of the vintage surveys where we recognize these high late sales.
Therefore, in quarters and years with high late sales, we will sometimes see that not only early sales is contributing to high accelerated amortization, but also late sales. In this quarter, we actually had a bit of a few million dollars of accelerated amortization related to late sales. Straight-line amortization increased slightly in the quarter to $39 million from $36 million in Q1. We expect due to the completion of projects in Q2, a further slight increase in the straight-line amortization in Q3 and into Q4. It will be probably slightly above $40 million the way it looks right now.
Also in the quarter, we recognized some smaller impairments on various surveys, totaling approximately $1.4 million. All in all, as I said, this led to total amortization of $161 million in the quarter. We had an operating result of $31 million, corresponding to a profit margin or an operating margin of 14%. We showed strong cash flow in the quarter, strong cash collections, combined obviously with the strong late sales. $59 million of free cash flow in the quarter, which as you can see, compares very well in a historical perspective, as well. I'm going to talk a little bit about the Multi-Client Library. First operational investments were $43 million in the quarter.
This is the Multi-Client investments into the Multi-Client Library. We are starting to see a very good pipeline building for Multi-Client investments for 2023, and customers are already quite interested in discussing ideas for 2023. That's a very promising outlook or a promising signal for what may happen going forward. For this year, we stick to our guidance of approximately $200 million for now. Looking at the net book value of the Multi-Client Library, you see that it continues to slide in this quarter as well with a high amortization as we touched upon.
This means that we are in a very good position for showing strong margins and also strong return on capital in a market that is expected to continue to recover going forward. On the bottom left-hand chart on this slide, you can see our historical investments or historical cost of the different vintages. You can also see where the net book value of these vintages sits now, represented by the white diamonds. The white diamonds show the percentage of net book value or the net book value as a percentage of the historical cost.
As you can see, which is quite illustrative, is the 2022 vintage where the net book value is already as low as 33% of the historical cost. It just shows that we have a very aggressive amortization of our library. Then on the bottom right-hand side, you can see how the revenues in the quarter were distributed from the different vintages. The most interesting thing on this chart is that we continue to see strong sales on older vintages. The pre-2018 vintages contributed with 23% of the sales. And these are vintages with pretty much zero book value at this stage.
We clearly see this as a quality stamp of a well-executed multi-client strategy. Looking at the income statement, as I already touched upon, we have $230.1 million of revenues, subtracting the various cost categories, $1.5 million of cost of goods sold, $21.1 million of personnel costs and other operational costs of $10.3 million. We ended up with an EBITDA of close to $297.3 million, which is obviously a massive improvement compared to the $50.5 million that we showed in Q2 of last year.
Subtracting the different categories of amortization and the $1.4 million of impairments and also the depreciation, we had an operating result of $31.4 million, compared to a loss of $15.1 million in the same quarter of last year. The result before taxes, after subtracting financial items, ended up at $33.5 million compared to a loss of $22.5 million in the same quarter of last year. The tax cost was fairly normal in the quarter, 24% tax rate, which gave us a net income of $25.4 million corresponding to an EPS of $0.22. This compares to a loss of almost $16 million in last year, which was -$0.14 per share.
The balance sheet not very much to comment here other than noting that it continues to be very strong. We had a cash balance of $255 million at the end of the quarter, and on top of that, we have undrawn credit facilities of $100 million. We have plenty of liquidity reserve to comfortably cover the M&A transactions that will be executed in Q3. Obviously you would expect to see the cash balance going a bit down going forward due to these M&A transactions, but we will still be in a very solid financial position.
As I already touched upon, the cash flow was very strong in the quarter, $86.6 million of cash coming from our operations. The investment activities or investments of $31.1 million and dividend payments and other financial cash flow items of $19.6 million meant that we had an increase in our cash balance of $35.9 million in the quarter, and that we ended up with a cash balance of $255 million at the end of the quarter. Based on the strong cash flow and the strong balance sheet and despite these M&A transactions, the board continues to resolve dividend payments to the shareholders.
We continue to pay $0.14 per share. Also for Q3, the ex-date will be on the 28 of July, and the payment date of the eleventh of August. By that, I will hand the word back to Christian, who will go through the market outlook.
Thank you, Sven, and thank you, Jan. I'm gonna wrap it up with a brief market outlook and then open up for questions from the audience. Let's start with the five pillars that position TGS for the next energy upcycle. Number one is energy demand continues to rise and energy security is becoming critical. I think the Russia-Ukraine situation has really gotten energy security back on the agenda for both nations, governments, but also for companies all over the world. Energy demand continues to go up, so despite the fear of a recession, I think all you need to do is to go to any European airport these days, and you see that demand for energy is certainly quite strong. Second one is significant underinvestments in oil and gas.
In fact, exploration spending is down 76% from 2014 to 2022. That forces, and now I think our clients are forced to higher spending. That goes with all energy sources. Obviously, not only oil and gas, but including oil and gas, but also for other energy sources that we discussed today. Great growth expectations for wind energy, which is close to 9% CAGR for the next 10 years. You know, we talked about almost 12% growth potential for solar energy, and you see that pretty much along the entire value chain of energy. The third one is recent exploration success. That drives frontier investments and licensing activity.
If you look at the month of February, just in isolation that month, we had three major discoveries in relatively frontier basins such as Suriname and Namibia. Since then, our clients have announced new discoveries in Guyana and in Australia and pretty much all over the world. What we know is that exploration success obviously drives frontier investments and licensing activity, and we've already started to see that. You know, if you look at TGS and our market insight is that typically you start to see that in terms of your lease sales. You start to see greater interest for your own data library, and then after that, you will see that companies are also getting committed to invest more in future projects.
We think that in that regard, 2023 will also be really good in terms of new investments and potential for new contracts. The fourth one is quite important too. Price volatility triggers demand for data and insight across the energy industries and sources. What we know that if you provide data and insight, the more volatility, the better it is. Because volatility is good for a provider because they need more data and they need more insight in terms of making an investment decision, whether that's wind, solar or oil and gas. In that regard, we think price volatility is gonna continue, and we think price volatility is good for a data company like TGS. Last but not least, client cash flows support higher spending.
If you look at the cash flow of our clients now and you compare that to the budget that they set back in October, it's probably twice or three times as good. Some of these companies are still very disciplined in terms of paying back to shareholders, reducing their debt levels. When you get to the point of, you know, late 2022 or early 2023, they're pretty much done. They pay their shareholders. The shareholders are really happy in terms of the dividend yield that they're getting. The banks are also happy in terms of the debt levels are back to a level that they can easily justify for the future. We think that again is gonna be a significant trigger to increase activity going forward.
Our contract backlog and inflow, like I touched on and Sven also mentioned that, but you see that the backlog is coming down slightly, and this is due to a big project in Argentina that we completed in Q2. The good thing here is to look at the contract inflow, because the contract inflow is almost as good as it was in Q4 of 2021. If you look at that in a historical scenario, you see that it's the second best in a long period of time. In that regard, it just fuels the optimism for management in terms. We see as a better market, and we see that the market continues to improve even from the level that we saw back in Q4 of 2021.
The timing of the expected recognition of contract backlog, you can see on the right-hand side, and that kind of helps you a little bit when you make your estimates and for the next quarters. You see that we have about 25% of our backlog is now related purely to Q3 of 2022. To summarize the presentation, we're very pleased about the strong late sales, which is about three times as much as it was back in the same quarter of 2021. It was driven by higher frontier activity and transfer fee. Even if you adjust for transfer fees, the quarter was great in terms of late sales. Number two, the total revenues are really good because we had high revenues from pre-funding projects that we completed in the quarter as well.
We had a strong order inflow. As I said, it's the second highest we've had in the time series I've just referred to. The backlog remains strong. We're in a solid financial position with a net cash balance of $255 million. We just closed three M&A transactions in the last week of June and the first week of July. I have to say, what we've been through over the past month is just truly extraordinary, and I feel extremely good standing here as the CEO of the company and reporting really good sales and really good backlog, a great prospect for the future, and then three transactions that really gonna change TGS, both in terms of scale and in terms of diversification. That are two of the really strategic pillars that we focus on now for the future.
With that, I wanna thank you very much for the attention today. I wanna open up for questions. I wanna ask Sven to come up with me and facilitate the Q&A and hand it over to you, please.
Yes, thank you, Kristian. You can all pose questions during or on the web player. We got some questions here already from first, a few questions from Christopher Møllerløkken. Could you indicate how much you have invested in Nash Renewables? And could you give a bit more flavor regarding how you decide whether you make venture investments in a new startup becoming a minority shareholder, or if you make an acquisition of a company?
Yeah. I think in terms of the investment that we made in Nash, I mean, we're talking very low dollar values. You can probably see in the cash flow for Q3 that it hardly makes any difference. We're talking a couple of million dollars. I think that the reason why we do it is that we wanna be positioned for new technologies, and we wanna be positioned for potential disruptions in our industry. We think it fits really well in with the rest of what we're doing in terms of wind energies. I think Jan gave a good presentation in terms of how it fits in. To just repeat the answer to your question, we're talking very low values in terms of dollars here.
It could be good. It could be much bigger than what it is today, and that's really what we're hoping for.
Another question from Christopher. With Q2 late sales being positively impacted by transfer fees, would you agree it would be fair to assume a fairly significant drop in Q3 late sales?
Yeah. I think it's fair to say that the whole industry benefited greatly from transfer fees in Q2, and I think some companies probably more than others. We also had a quite significant impact from transfer fees, but we continue to see an uptick in activity in Frontier as well. In that regard, I would be extremely pleased if we could get the late sales to the level that we had in Q2. That may be a bit too ambitious. It may come down, but it still has a very positive trend. If you look at the year-on-year growth, it's fantastic in that regard. I think that's all I can say about Q3 late sales because it's still very early days.
Christopher also has a question about the Beirut case that has been written about a little bit in the media. He's basically asking whether we have received any updates from the U.S. Court regarding when a hearing may be scheduled.
Yeah. I think you all understand that we cannot really go into details about that, but we're aware of the lawsuit filed in the Texas court. We strongly deny these allegations. Let me be very clear on that. The allegations, actually, they attempt to draw a connection between the incident that happened in 2020 in Beirut and a survey conducted by a subcontractor of Spectrum back in 2013. It's seven years between the two and quite a few layers between the company who chartered this vessel and TGS today, of course. Media actually picked up on this already back in 2020.
As a result of that, we did a quite comprehensive investigation of Spectrum's activity in Beirut at the time back in 2013. All I can say is that it really confirmed both by internal and external lawyers that Spectrum acted diligently at the time. In that regard, that's really all we wanna talk about in that regard today.
Question from Erik Tveit. You chose not to increase your guidance for multi-client investments for now, but I guess you have some upside here. How much would you, your internal estimate need to change in order for you to change your official guidance?
Yeah. I think if you look at our late sales performance, you would probably be a bit disappointed that we're not able to invest more given that the market is clearly improving based on our late sales. But it goes back to my previous point that typically we see a market uptake first in the late sales, and then it's a bit of a time lag, and then you see that in terms of future commitments for new surveys as well. I think the next trigger point is probably gonna be the next year's budgets that are probably gonna be announced sometime in October, November from our clients. I'm hopeful that you're gonna see a significant increase in new acquisition activity as well as late sales.
in that regard, we already start to see quite a significant backlog build up now for 2023, and I think that trend is gonna continue. there may not be a great upside for 2022, but we think 2023, when we get new budgets that really reflect the new market we're in, we think that's gonna reflect our investment activity as well.
Let me add that I think it's not carved in stone, but if we're approaching kind of a change of ±10% to the guidance, we'd obviously need to consider going out and change the guidance officially. That's probably approximately the range we're looking at. Then we have a question from John Olaisen of ABG. Do you expect to see any transfer fees in the second half of the year? And could you indicate the most important upcoming licensing rounds that could drive TGS lease sales over the coming quarters?
Yeah, there will be transfer fees also in the second half of the year, but they're not gonna be as big as we've seen in the first half of the year. That's that much we can already say because if a transaction hasn't been announced yet, we're probably not gonna collect transfer fees within the next, you know, four to five months. In that regard, I also have to say that transfer fees is part of our business. You know, I think Q2 was obviously really good for the entire industry as it was with TGS.
If you look back historically, I mean, it's usually been in the range of $20 million-$50 million every year as far as I've been with the company, and I think that's what you should expect for the future as well. While transfer fees is a good kind of short-term thing, it's slightly more negative in the long term because we see clients are disappearing, so we want to have as many clients as possible. The good thing, though, is that we also see new startups coming out of that, and we hope to continue to see that trend as well. Yes, there will be transfer fees in the second half of the year. They won't be as big as in the first half of the year, but there will still be transfer fees.
The second part of his question was related to.
Yeah, there were the upcoming licensing rounds.
Upcoming licensing rounds. Yeah. I think what we've seen now is a significant pickup in lease sales, particularly in Africa, but also parts of South America. I think, you know, if you wanna talk about licensing rounds that have been announced for the second half of the year, I think, you know, Canada is one, obviously, where we have new data that is gonna be presented before the licensing round. There is a couple of them in Africa as well, where you will see that it's gonna trigger licensing rounds.
I think first and foremost, you see a lot of African nations now coming to us and our competitors discussing plans for 2023 and thereafter because they obviously see that the current oil price and the lack of energy and the high prices of energy really triggers more activity in that regard.
A couple of questions from Kevin Roger from Kepler Cheuvreux. It seems like you want to reinforce your position in the seismic business. Why don't you move on? Why don't you move on the imaging business?
Yeah, we really do. I think the acquisition of ION was probably more driven by improving our imaging position than the multi-client data library, although the data library is fantastic and has a good fit. But we really have high ambitions for our processing business as well. We think there is a little bit of a gap to close to number one in that industry, but we also hear from clients that they're really keen on helping someone trying to close that gap. That's really the ambition to make the acquisition of ION. Our strategy is really being a top tier across the value chain. We wanna be a top tier, obviously, in multi-client, which we've been for 40 years.
We wanna be a top tier in processing, and I think we can get there with the acquisition of ION. We're already a tier one company in OBN with the acquisition of Magseis. It's a great position to be in, and I think when we look back on this, you know, whether it's in a year or in a decade, we're gonna feel really good about what the strategic changes that we made in early July.
Then he asks about the transfer fees, whether the data was fully amortized. What we can say there is it's a mix. Some of the data that was involved in the transfer fee is obviously fully amortized and some of it wasn't.
Yeah.
It's a mix. It doesn't seem to be more questions, so.
Well, in that regard, I wanna say thank you very much for your attention today. I wanna wish you all a great summer, regardless of where you're gonna celebrate the summer. It's pretty hot in most places in the world. I would recommend Norway, which is 16 degrees Celsius this morning, so it's very comfortable and nice. I really hope to see you when we announce our Q3 presentation later this fall, and I wish you a great day. Thank you very much.