Good morning, and welcome to the Silvergate Capital Corporation third quarter 2020 earnings conference call. During today's presentation, all parties will be in a listen-only mode. Following the presentation, the conference line will be open for questions with instructions to follow at that time. As a reminder, this conference call is being recorded. I would like to turn the call over to Ms. Shannon Devine, investor relations for Silvergate Capital Corporation. Please go ahead.
Thank you, operator, and good morning, everyone. We appreciate your participation in our third quarter 2020 earnings call. With me here today are Alan Lane, our President and Chief Executive Officer, Tony Martino, our Chief Financial Officer, and Ben Reynolds, EVP and Silvergate Bank's Director of Corporate Development. As a reminder, a telephonic replay of this call will be available through 11:59 P.M. Eastern Time on November 9, 2020. Access to the replay is also available on the investor relations section of our website. Additionally, a slide deck to complement today's discussion is available on the IR section of our website. Before we begin, let me remind everyone that this call may contain certain statements that constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These include remarks about management's future expectations, beliefs, estimates, plans, and prospects.
Such statements are subject to a variety of risks, uncertainties, and other factors, including the COVID-19 pandemic, that could cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated or implied by such statements. Such risks and other factors are set forth in our periodic and current reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We do not undertake any duty to update such forward-looking statements. Additionally, during today's call, we will discuss certain non-GAAP measures which we believe are useful in evaluating our performance. The presentation of this additional information should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for results prepared in accordance with the US GAAP. A reconciliation of these non-GAAP measures to the most comparable GAAP measure can be found in our earnings release. At this point, I'll turn the call over to Alan.
Thank you, Shannon, and good morning, everyone. Today, I'll provide a high-level overview of our operations before speaking to our results and the continued success we are achieving growing our global payments platform, the Silvergate Exchange Network, or SEN. I will turn the call over to Tony, who will provide a more detailed review of our third quarter financial results before opening the call for questions. On previous earnings calls, I've addressed the current environment and how we've optimized our workforce while continuing to deliver uninterrupted service to our banking clients. 95% of our employees continue to work remotely, and I'd like to thank them once again for their continued hard work and efforts during such a challenging time. The record results we are achieving would not be possible without the dedicated commitment of our team.
Several years ago, we made the decision to invest in our own infrastructure so that Silvergate Capital Corporation could compete and succeed in a digital world. When we saw digital currencies emerging as an investable asset class, we doubled down on that decision by investing in the technology and regulatory compliance necessary to develop the SEN. The acceptance of the SEN by the digital currency ecosystem is evident in our third quarter results, where our global payments platform achieved an incredible milestone, having surpassed $100 billion in transfer volumes just three years from inception. Our customers completed over $36 billion in SEN transfers during the third quarter alone, exceeding the $32 billion that was completed during all of 2019. This milestone further validates the SEN's competitive advantage and expanding network effect as we continue to add new customers to the platform.
As can be seen on slide four, net digital currency customers increased 23% year-over-year to 928 in Q3 2020, as compared to 756 in the year-ago third quarter. Looking forward, we continue to maintain a strong pipeline of potential new digital currency customers with more than 200 prospects either in the pipeline or onboarding process. Digital currency activity was very strong in the third quarter, and the SEN handled a record 68,361 transactions, representing a sequential increase of 70% as compared to the second quarter of 2020, and an even more impressive year-over-year increase of 455% as compared to the year-ago third quarter.
This strong growth also contributed to the 36% sequential increase in digital currency fee income to $3.3 million in the third quarter, as compared to $2.4 million in the second quarter of 2020, and 106% increase as compared to $1.6 million in the third quarter of 2019. These results clearly demonstrate the SEN's strong network effect and the need for digital currency investors to be on the SEN in order to efficiently transact in the digital currency ecosystem. During the third quarter, Bitcoin and other digital currencies saw strong price appreciation and an active trading environment, which we believe contributed to the increase in the number of transactions occurring on the SEN. We saw digital currency deposits grow $586 million to $2.1 billion in the third quarter as customers maintain higher deposit balances in order to transact on the SEN.
As we've seen in the past, our digital currency deposit growth is not linear. Factors such as digital currency price appreciation, trading volumes, and volatility within the digital currency markets influence deposit levels. We believe that as more fintech firms and corporate treasuries announce their investments in Bitcoin, the ecosystem as a whole will continue to expand, and Silvergate Capital Corporation will continue to benefit. Turning to SEN Leverage, which, as a reminder, allows customers of Silvergate Capital Corporation to obtain US dollar loans collateralized by Bitcoin, we continue to make significant progress. We exited our pilot program at the end of the third quarter with approved lines of credit totaling $35.5 million, compared to $22.5 million in the second quarter. We anticipate a long growth trajectory for SEN Leverage and will judiciously expand credit availability to our customers over time.
We believe that prudent underwriting, combined with the unique capabilities of the SEN to facilitate loan draws and repayment 24 hours a day, seven days a week, will enable Silvergate Capital Corporation to attain attractive risk-adjusted returns as we expand the offering. Before turning the call over to Tony, I thought I'd touch briefly on the key banking risk metrics that provide the foundation for our success. We've always employed a disciplined and conservative credit culture, which is a key factor in our ability to navigate the recent economic duress with no loan losses and little in the way of loan loss provision expense. Turning to interest rate risk, while we don't predict interest rates, we recognized some time ago that our net interest margin and profitability could be negatively impacted in a falling interest rate environment.
In early 2019, we proactively addressed this risk with the interest rate hedging strategy we've discussed in the past. Finally, we remain well-capitalized with a total risk-based capital ratio of 24.68% at September 30th, 2020, and a highly liquid balance sheet as reflected by our loan-to-deposit ratio of 61.45%. Our strong financial position provides our customers with confidence that we are managing our balance sheet to minimize risk and ensure that their deposits are highly liquid and available via the SEN 24 hours a day, seven days a week, 365 days a year. To conclude, I am very pleased with our performance, especially given the ongoing uncertain economic environment.
While the Fed's zero interest rate policy will be a headwind for many, Silvergate Capital Corporation has an exciting growth engine in the SEN, which provides us with numerous opportunities for profitable investment to enhance growth, while our scalable mortgage warehouse business should continue to be a strong contributor to earnings. We believe we are in a very enviable position, and I couldn't be more excited with what the future holds for Silvergate Capital Corporation. With that, I'd like to turn the call over to Tony for a more detailed review of our financial results.
Thank you, Alan, and good morning, everyone. As outlined on slide five, Silvergate Capital Corporation reported third-quarter net income of $7.1 million, or $0.37 per diluted share, up from $5.5 million and $0.29 per diluted share reported in the second quarter of 2020. The increase in profitability this quarter versus last quarter was due to revenue growth, with increasing digital currency-related fee income, combined with interest income growth from our mortgage warehouse business as we handled a record level of financing transactions. In addition, we reduced our interest expense in the quarter by calling all outstanding brokered CDs by the end of last quarter. We also benefited from a reduction in our effective tax rate, which had an impact of approximately $500,000 or $0.03 a share due to a year-to-date adjustment upon filing our prior year tax returns, which also included a benefit from research and development tax credits.
These items in aggregate more than offset the impact of decreasing yields and the absence of any securities gains versus last quarter, as we did not sell any securities during the current quarter. Our tangible book value per share increased to $15.18 at the end of the quarter, up 17% compared to the year-ago period. Net interest income was up 18% over last quarter, with net interest margin coming in at 3.19%, up five basis points as we reduced our funding costs, as discussed earlier. Non-interest income was $4 million during the quarter, compared to $5.4 million in the second quarter of 2020, largely due to the $2.6 million gain on sale of securities in the second quarter. Our allowance for loan losses remained at $6.8 million, representing 91 basis points of loans held for investment. Turning to slide six.
In Q3, deposits were $2.3 billion as compared to $1.7 billion at the end of Q2 2020. Non-interest-bearing deposits totaled $2.2 billion, representing 95% of our total deposits at September 30th, 2020. The increase in total deposits from the prior quarter was driven by an increase in deposit levels from digital currency customers, resulting from increased volume of SEN transactions during the quarter, as Alan has discussed earlier. On an overall basis, our weighted average cost of deposits for the quarter was one basis point, compared to 37 basis points in the linked quarter, due to the absence of brokered CDs in Q3. Turning to slide seven, our net interest margin was 3.19% for Q3, compared to 3.14% in Q2, and 3.39% for Q3 2019.
The third quarter increase was driven by the reduction in callable brokered CDs, which drove down the cost of funds, partially offset by lower yields on loans and securities, along with the impact of maintaining a higher level of cash and cash equivalents during the quarter related to the increase in digital currency deposits. Now on to non-interest income on slide eight. Non-interest income for the third quarter of 2020 was $4 million, a decrease of 27% compared to the $5.4 million in the second quarter of 2020, and a $1.4 million increase compared to $2.6 million in the third quarter of 2019.
The primary driver of this decline compared to the second quarter of 2020 was a decrease of $2.6 million in gains on sale of securities, offset by an $855,000 , or 35.1% increase in deposit-related fees. Compared to the year-ago period, the increase was primarily due to a $1.7 million, or 98.7% increase in deposit-related fees, partially offset by a $344,000 decrease in gain on sale of loans and a $282,000 decrease in service fees related to off-balance-sheet deposits.
Turning to slide nine, non-interest expense for the third quarter of 2020 was $14.1 million, up slightly from $14.0 million when compared to the second quarter, and up versus $12.6 million in the third quarter of 2019 due to increases in salaries and employee benefits, professional services and other general administrative expense. On to slide 10, our securities portfolio totaled $944 million with a yield of 2.49% for the third quarter, down $7 million from a balance of $951 million at the end of the second quarter of 2020, with a corresponding yield of 2.67%.
Our securities portfolio, when combined with our balance of cash and cash equivalents, represented 43.6% of total assets as of the end of the third quarter, in keeping with our strong liquidity position with a combined balance of $1.1 billion. Our total loans at September 30th, 2020, were $1.4 billion, up $286 million compared to the linked quarter and up 40% compared to the third quarter of 2019. The increase from prior year was driven by mortgage warehouse loans, which were up 106% in aggregate, and SEN Leverage loans which are new to 2020. Overall, the credit quality of our loan portfolio is strong, as our non-performing assets totaled $4.1 million, or 16 basis points of total assets at September 30th, 2020.
That is a decrease of $445,000 from the $4.6 million in non-performing assets, or 20 basis points of total assets that we had at June 30th, 2020. On slide 11, we provided a detailed breakdown of our loan portfolio and an update on our COVID-19 related loan modifications. We continue to work very closely with our borrowers to provide necessary support under the current circumstances. As of September 30th, 2020, we have an aggregate loan value of $33 million, or 4.4% of our total loan balance held for investment remaining on full payment deferrals or modified interest-only payments. On slide 12, you can see a breakdown of the loan-to-value ratios for our commercial and multifamily real estate loans, along with our one to four residential loans.
As Alan touched upon earlier, we managed the loan-to-value ratios on our real estate loans to relatively low to moderate levels, providing significant collateral protection from losses in the event of default. At the end of the third quarter, our weighted average LTV was 53% in our commercial and multifamily portfolio and 55% in our one to four family residential real estate portfolio. The levels at which we maintain our portfolios is key to supporting our levels for allowance for loan losses. During the third quarter, we did not record a provision for loan losses, which compares to $222,000 recorded in the 2020 second quarter.
The level of our allowance remained flat from the prior quarter due to historically strong credit quality and minimal loan charge-offs, and was largely influenced by the low to moderate loan-to-value margin in the company's commercial and multifamily real estate and single-family real estate loans held for investment. Turning to slide 13, our Tier 1 leverage ratio was 10.36% at the company level and 9.84% at the bank level, with the bank ratio well in excess of the 5% minimum ratio to be considered well-capitalized under federal banking regulations.
Our total risk-based capital ratio of 24.68% reflects the fact that a large proportion of our deposits are held in cash and high-grade and highly liquid securities. Our loan to deposit ratio was 61.45% at the end of the quarter, a decrease compared to 66.75% at the end of the second quarter as our deposit growth more than offset our loan growth compared to the prior quarter. Now that we've concluded the formal part of the presentation, I'd like to ask the operator to open up the lines for any questions. Operator?
At this time, we will be conducting a question-and-answer session. If you would like to ask a question, please press star one on your telephone keypad. A confirmation tone will indicate your line is in the question queue. You may press star two if you would like to remove your question from the queue. For participants using speaker equipment, it may be necessary for you to pick up your handset before pressing the star key. One moment while we poll for questions. Our first question comes from the line of Joseph Vafi with Canaccord. You may proceed with your question.
Hey, guys. Good morning. Terrific results. Really nice to see the kind of accelerating progress here. Number one, I think first on the SEN and the metrics that we kind of saw in the quarter here. Was there anything going on in terms of large new customer ramps, or was that growth kind of broad based? Secondly, Alan, I think you mentioned that you are exiting your pilot now on SEN Leverage. I was wondering if you could kind of explain exactly what that means and giving growth in the business, growth in the balance sheet here, and some other things. If you have a view that you'd like to share on kind of trajectory on the SEN Leverage product and loans there, because I think there's good demand and maybe it's somewhat constrained at the company level at this point. Thanks.
Yeah. Good morning, Joseph. Thank you very much for the kind words and the question. This is Alan. I'm going to just go ahead and ask Ben if he wants to address your question. I'll just say at the outset, Joseph, that there really was no significant concentration in the numbers. This truly was just, as I mentioned in my opening remarks, just a combination of the increase in activity, the increase in the cryptocurrency prices as well as the activity. It's just great to see the SEN humming along. Ben, do you want to give a little bit more color on Joseph's questions?
Sure. Thanks, Alan. Thanks, Joseph. We're excited to be out of the pilot for SEN Leverage and in a place where we can scale the product offering. Today, we have two strategic partners for SEN Leverage in both Bitstamp and Anchorage that have done an incredible amount of work over the past 12 months to make the pilot successful, and we couldn't be more excited to take the next step with them. It's hard to say how big SEN Leverage could become. As Alan mentioned, we believe that prudent underwriting, combined with the unique capabilities of the SEN to make loan advances 24 hours a day, seven days a week, will enable us to grow the product in the coming quarters.
As of the end of the quarter, we had 599 institutional investors as deposit customers, and we believe that almost all of them are looking for greater capital efficiency. We're not in a place where we're going to provide any guidance on what growth of SEN Leverage is going to look like in the coming quarters. As you'll notice, Q3 was more than Q2, which is more than Q1. I guess maybe most importantly, we're out of the pilot and we're seeing strong demand from our customers, and so we couldn't be more excited about the path ahead. Just as it relates to SEN and the large ramps, I think Alan hit on it. It wasn't a single customer that provided a major catalyst.
We've really seen significant increase in usage across all of our key segments, digital currency exchanges, institutional investors, and stablecoin issuers.
Great. Thanks. Maybe just one quick follow-up related to kind of growth in the SEN metrics and volumes and the like. I know there's generally a pretty good backlog here of customers. Has that backlog changed in terms of perhaps newer and higher quality institutions that are now starting to look at digital currencies and just the quality of the pipeline now versus perhaps six or nine months ago. Thanks a lot.
Yeah. Ben, do you want to just keep on going on that one?
Yeah. We continue to be excited and impressed at the caliber of firms that are coming to Silvergate Capital Corporation and looking to use the Silvergate Exchange Network. That really is a testament to the two-sided network that we've created of exchanges and what we call institutional investors. It's really a network of market makers and OTC desks. As the bigger, more established, say, fintech players come into the space, we're excited that those folks come to Silvergate Capital Corporation looking to be part of the Silvergate Exchange Network and able to settle the US dollar side of the trade, 168 hours a week as opposed to the 35 hours that the traditional wire system allows you to do. We feel really good about the pipeline, Joseph, and excited about the prospects that are coming our way.
Thanks very much, guys.
You bet. Thanks for the questions.
Our next question comes from the line of Eugene Koysman with Barclays. You may proceed with your question.
Good morning.
Morning, Eugene.
Thanks. When we look at your digital currency deposits by customer type, we clearly saw strong inflows across the board, not just from traders, but from exchanges and other fintechs. Can you talk a bit more about the key drivers of growth, specifically for exchanges and these other fintechs? Are there any abnormalities or one-time events? Should we expect some of these deposits to normalize back down going forward?
Sure, Eugene. This is Alan. I will start with the question, then, as I've done in the past, I'll ask Ben to add a little color. As Ben was just saying in response to the last question, we continue to see pretty impressive folks coming to us to engage with us, to open an account for us to hold deposits for them, so that they can transact on the SEN. As we've discussed in the past, our primary goal here for this ecosystem is to improve capital efficiency, to really take all of the friction and the counterparty risk out of trading in this ecosystem. In order to do that, it just seems like folks continue to beat a path to our door. It continues to be 100% by referral as new folks look to enter the space, institutional investors, exchanges, OTC desks, et cetera.
As they are looking to come into the space and they're talking with their various advisors and other folks that are already in the space, we are very blessed to just be receiving constant referrals for new folks that are looking to be part of the SEN. I think I'll turn it over to Ben to see if he has any additional color beyond that.
Yeah. I think one of the exciting data points for us is that not only did deposits grow by $586 million in the quarter, but that's on top of $263 million in deposit growth during the first six months of 2020. We're seeing a total increase this year of about $850 million. As Alan was talking about, we're continuing to grow customers and products. I think it also probably makes sense to note that there are a number of very positive trends in crypto that have created some significant tailwinds for us. Those include strong price appreciation of digital assets during 2020, an active trading environment, adoption of Bitcoin as an investable asset class by corporate treasuries, and then significant new capital formation from VC firms. We're continuing to benefit from all of those positive trends that are going on.
As Alan has said, it's difficult to predict what the remainder of this year and 2021 will look like from a deposit perspective. We're confident that the network effect that's created by the SEN will continue to be a critical piece of infrastructure that our customers use to create greater capital efficiency.
Got it. Thank you. Just to follow up on your comments about the new customers, would you be able to share with us specifically, as it related to exchanges, how much of the inflows was from the new customers versus the existing exchanges adding more funds because of the volumes of flows? Also, with JPMorgan banking the biggest of your exchange customers, how much of these deposits or how much they would've been higher if, let's say, JPMorgan wasn't in the picture? If you could help us gauge that.
Sure, Eugene. This is Alan again. On your first question, we don't currently disclose how much of the volume is coming from new versus existing customers. I can tell you just anecdotally that it would not be a significant mover. What I mean by that is that we didn't see existing customers with either an outsized increase or decrease in volumes. That kind of relates to your second question, which is that we have not really seen an impact of JPMorgan coming into the space. I think as we mentioned when they first made the announcement, they are targeting two exchanges who are both customers of ours, as I think everybody is aware. Importantly, those exchanges really want to have multiple banking partners and multiple sources of liquidity. Nobody has the SEN other than Silvergate Capital Corporation.
We're basically seeing the same type of activity. When volumes increase across the ecosystem and volumes are increasing from other customers, we're seeing the same type of volume increases from those customers that JPMorgan is purportedly banking. Really, no impact so far that we can see. I want to give Ben a chance to add any color that he might have on that.
Yeah, no, I think that's right.
Thank you. Now I just wanted to shift to the other side of the balance sheet. What are your plans for the elevated mortgage warehouse, held for sale book? Has that come down both the and quarter also what are the activity levels like in the third quarter for your customers there? What kind of turnover speed are you seeing in the warehouse right now?
Sure. This is Alan. Mortgage warehouse, ever since we launched the mortgage warehouse division back in the spring of 2009, mortgage warehouse has been a strong contributor to our earnings and to our growth. That is continuing right now. As I'm sure you're aware, there is a bit of a refi boom going on in the residential home market with interest rates at historic lows. Silvergate Capital Corporation is once again, very well-positioned to participate in that increase in activity. We have a lot of great customers who have been customers of ours for years, and we continue to add customers on the margin. Once again, one of the things that we've talked about in the past, specifically as we've exited some of our other lines of business over the last few years, is we've really focused on trying to be in scalable businesses.
We've discussed the fact that our mortgage warehouse operation is a very scalable business. It's also a great complement to the deposit growth that we're experiencing in the Digital Currency Initiative. The duration of the asset and the potential duration of the liability is also a great match. As you know, we, on the deposit side with the digital currency deposits, those deposits that are on our balance sheet from exchanges and the deposits that are on our balance sheet from institutional investors, we assume that those deposits are potentially volatile and are going to see fluctuations from day to day, week to week, month to month, et cetera. We would not want to be investing those deposits in a long-term asset.
It's very appropriate for us to use a portion of those deposits to fund our mortgage warehouse operation, where the average duration of those loans is less than two weeks. That has not changed. We've seen right through this pandemic that the mortgage companies that are clients of ours are continuing to see increases in loan volumes, and those loans are being funded and then sold to the ultimate investor very consistently in under two weeks. We're very comfortable with the asset class. We're very comfortable with the interest rate and liquidity exposures that we have there, and it's a scalable line of business.
Thank you. That's very helpful.
You bet.
As a reminder, if you would like to ask a question, please press star one on your telephone keypad. One moment while we poll for questions. Our next question comes from the line of Michael Perito with KBW. You may proceed with your question.
Hey, good morning.
Hey, Michael.
Thanks for taking my questions. I just had a few more things I wanted to hit on. Just a quick follow-up on the SEN Leverage. I know you guys aren't in a position today to comment on where the balances might go and how long it might take them to get there. Can you remind us if your thought process around how much exposure to that asset class you're willing to take on the balance sheet has changed or updated? Secondly, I apologize if this is something we've discussed in the past, can you also just remind us the regulatory capital treatment of these loans?
Sure. Tony, do you want to take the question on regulatory capital?
Yeah. From a regulatory capital perspective, they're 100% risk-weighted.
Yeah. I just thought I'd give Tony a chance to warm up. On the limit, the way we're approaching SEN Leverage— I was commenting earlier on mortgage warehouse and the fact that we opened that line of business in the spring of 2009 during the height of the financial crisis, the last financial crisis, if you will. We were a much smaller bank then. We were about $300 million in assets. The way we started that business was when we started, we said, "Okay, well, let's devote 10% of our balance sheet to mortgage warehouse," which was a very small number way back then, and look at what it's grown to now. We typically like to crawl, and then we walk, and then we run. It's a combination of, number one, making sure that we're very comfortable with all of the different risks.
I've said in the past, I still believe that this ultimately could be some of the best lending that we've ever done because the collateral is a liquid asset that trades 24 hours a day, seven days a week, 365 days a year. Candidly, Silvergate Capital Corporation is the only bank that I'm aware of that has the capability to not only monitor the collateral coverage ratio 24/7 , but also provide our customers with the opportunity to make margin calls on nights and weekends. Also, importantly, if in fact a margin call is not made and we find ourselves in a position where the collateral coverage ratio is falling, we have the opportunity to liquidate the collateral and pay down the loan. So, that being said, we will continue to roll this out in a very prudent manner.
The way we think about risk at the outset, from a limitation standpoint, is we think about it as a percentage of our capital. This is very consistent with the regulatory treatment on looking at concentration limits of different asset classes as a percentage of capital. It's very common, and many bank analysts on the line will probably remember back in the day when in commercial real estate, regulators said, "Well, you're going to be deemed to be high risk if you have more than 300% of your capital in commercial real estate," for instance. Now, I'm not suggesting that we have a 300% limit on SEN Leverage. With that as a framework, you can expect to see us start with something that is maybe a fraction of our capital, something less than 100%.
As we get comfortable with as we're adding borrowers, as we're adding additional service providers, we're going to be looking at the layered risk of how many service providers are we partnering with and how much Bitcoin are we holding with each one of them. That's one level of risk. Obviously there's also the risk with an individual borrower. What is the size of their line relative to the overall size of the portfolio? It's a layered risk approach. I think you can see just by the way we've operated in the first three quarters since we launched the pilot, that we're taking a prudent rollout approach. What I would say is, Ben touched earlier on the fact that we've got just under 600 institutional investor clients, and you can throw any kind of a number on that that you want.
Well, let's assume that every single one of them wanted a SEN Leverage loan. Let's say it was $500,000 million per institutional investor. Well, that's $300 million right there. Some of them will want more. Probably wouldn't be efficient to do much less than that. We can definitely see over time that this can grow to be a significant asset class on our balance sheet. We're going to be mindful of those other risks that I was discussing a couple of minutes ago. Again, I'll come back to a comment I was making regarding scalability. We believe this is a very scalable line of business and very complementary to the deposit side.
The last thing I'll say, apologize for the long-winded answer here, but the last thing I'll say is that to the extent we start seeing that the demand exceeds what we're comfortable holding on our balance sheet, we do believe that this is a loan category because of the yield, the attractive yield characteristics, that we will be able to find participants. It's certainly possible that this actually turns into a little bit of not only a balance sheet play, but also a fee income opportunity as we lay off portions of balances to other lenders. That's the way we're thinking about the rollout.
No. I appreciate the long answer. That was really helpful, Alan. Thank you. I guess before I move on, is it fair to say that, just if I'm kind of hearing everything you guys have said to my question and prior questions and your remarks correctly, that you're going to be measured here. It's not a stretch to say, though, that you will be limiting the growth relative to the demand you already have? I don't know if that makes sense. Basically, you guys could grow this more than you're probably going to out of the gates here initially, correct?
Yes. That's our belief. Yes, absolutely.
Yeah. Okay. Then moving on, I just want to do two other things quickly. One, I have to go back and measure it a little further back. If I look year to date, 4Q to third quarter here, your revenue per FTE is up almost 30%. Just curious. You kind of talked about scalability, which I guess makes sense then as that metric's improving here. Just as you look at the results in the third quarter, which obviously were very strong, but do you see continued momentum on that metric, and is that something that you guys are mindful of, or do you kind of look at things differently as you kind of internally measure your performance?
Yeah. That's a great question, Michael. Tony, do you want to take that one?
Yeah, sure. Thanks for the question, Michael. We're definitely conscious of the metric. As we've said in the past, the businesses that we focus on are scalable businesses. Both in the case of the SEN leading indicators as well as the mortgage warehouse business, we've got deep teams, and we've been able to take on the incremental volumes with our existing infrastructure. That's why that metric has increased. We're comfortable that we can continue to increase the volumes with the existing infrastructure. In terms of FTE builds, that would be more related to development of new products, but not necessarily required builds with the existing products.
Helpful. Then just lastly, kind of a longer-term question maybe for Alan or Ben. The digital fee currency, fee income growth has been strong for quite a while now, but obviously notably the last few quarters here. With the customer set growing, it seems like there's continued runway based on your remarks. I guess my question is, if I look at kind of the broader scope of the financial services industry, whether it's in the brokerage or on the traditional bank side, there are a lot of pressures on fees, just broadly speaking. While the competition pickup in the crypto space hasn't seemed to really have any negative impact at all directly to you guys and your growth. Longer term, do you envision maybe some fee pressures that could emerge?
Is there any kind of internal thoughts or planning around that we should be mindful of?
Sure, Michael. This is Alan. We are certainly aware and looking across the banking landscape that fees are under pressure, as you mentioned. One of the things I'll remind everybody on the call about is the fact that we currently don't charge for SEN, and that's a strategic decision. So when you're looking at this fee income growth, it is truly from the kind of traditional banking services that we offer. It's wires, ACH. While there's certainly the possibility that those fee line items see pressure over time, we do strongly believe that we provide a significant value to our customers. There's significant utility in what we provide with the 24/7 access. Our customers are, quite frankly, very focused on being able to have the right liquidity on the right platforms at the right time, 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
I don't want to understate it, but the wire or ACH fee in order to get the money on the platform, we certainly do competitive monitoring, and we believe that our fees are competitive with the market. Once they're on board, they can transact over the SEN 24/7 with no additional charge.
We've also talked in the past about the fact that the foreign currency exchange offering is still a relatively new offering. It's in its second year. As we continue to build that out, we see a potential fee income growth there. Having said that, I do appreciate the question because one of the things that I touched on in my opening remarks is the fact that we did see a lot of activity. The third quarter was a pretty high-activity quarter, as we've shared. I'm not predicting that's going to fall off. It's definitely true that fee income in general will kind of track the underlying activity in the broader cryptocurrency markets.
As we've seen in the past with both our deposit levels and our fee income levels, we generally believe that those are going to grow up into the right over time. That growth is likely not going to be linear. For instance, if you were to go back and even just look in the presentation that we just made, that Tony was going through, we had a little bit of a spike in last year's third quarter, and then it dipped a little bit in the fourth quarter. Again, I'm not predicting that here. It's really easy to just kind of see graphically what we're talking about, whether it's fee income or deposit growth. We take great comfort in the fact that the overall trajectory is strongly up and to the right.
Great. Well, listen, thank you guys for taking my questions. I appreciate it.
You bet. Thanks, Michael.
Our next question comes from the line of Michael Del Grosso with Compass Point. You may proceed with your question.
Good morning, thanks for taking my questions. Kudos on the strong quarter. Fairly broad sources of growth that I can see. I'm going to follow suit here on some of these growth questions. Just on the SEN volume and deposit growth, can you comment on the cadence of that through the quarter? Was that sequential improvement from July through September, or what did that ramp look like? If I could ask, post-quarter, there have been two fairly large product announcements from FinTechs in the digital currency industry. Anything you're seeing thus far in October would be helpful as well.
Sure, Michael, thanks for the questions. I'm going to turn it over to Ben in just a second. Before I do, I just want to say that again, in general, we didn't see anything unusual. There was kind of a ratable increase throughout the quarter. Again, what we see is a lot of movement week to week and month to month. As an example, because our customers are seeking capital efficiency. It's not uncommon for us to see a surge in deposits on a Friday as customers are wanting to make sure that they have enough liquidity on the SEN over the weekend. Then they'll be transacting over the weekend, depending on what the trading opportunities are that they're seeing and the weekend volatility, et cetera.
They may draw down some of those deposits early in the week, and then they may or may not come back. There's this ongoing daily, weekly, monthly volatility that we see, which is one of the reasons that we continue to manage the liquidity profile in such a prudent fashion. Again, there is definitely kind of a baseline that we don't go below, and then we continue to see spikes throughout the month. With that kind of comment on volatility, I'll ask Ben if he has any more direct responses to your questions.
Thanks, Alan. Yeah, I think, in response to the question about kind of what we're seeing in the macro environment and new products coming out from other firms, one of the things that Silvergate Capital Corporation benefits is having a very unique perch because of the Silvergate Exchange Network and the fact that on the exchange side, they're looking for greater liquidity, and on the institutional investor side, those folks are looking for greater capital efficiency. When these broader announcements come out, oftentimes, let's just say Silvergate Capital Corporation is aware of those things kind of ahead of time. That's important because it gives us an opportunity to think about what's going on in the marketplace, what are the demands of our customers, and how can Silvergate Capital Corportion solve those problems in a unique way that creates a sustainable competitive advantage for us.
We're excited about corporate treasuries that are investing in Bitcoin as an asset class and other fintech players coming into the space. We just think that we're really at a point where a rising tide lifts all boats, and Silvergate Capital Corporation is excited to have the customer base that we do and be able to work on some new products with folks.
Great. That's very helpful. On that point, on new products, Alan, I know that you previously commented on the ability to provide custody services, and I know that given some of these announcements that have come post-quarter from some of these emerging and new fintechs, that certainly seems to be a place of incremental demand. Is there any significant call-out as far as potential product plans or pilots? I guess along those lines, is that something, should you choose to pursue, would that be something you'd like to build organically, or how should we think about that?
Yeah, Michael, that's a great question. I would say that you're not likely to see us build a custody solution internally or organically. We have partnerships with some of the best custodians in the space, who have literally spent 100s of millions of dollars to develop very secure, robust custody solutions. Some of them are using different types of technology, right? You got everything from the air-gapped bunker. It's in a vault in a bunker somewhere to the HSM, the hardware security modules. When we look at the space, we will likely choose to partner with some of the existing providers, which we are already doing.
As you know, we could not be offering SEN Leverage if we had not already chosen some very good partners to help us, not only with the management of the monitoring the price and helping with the potential liquidation via their order books, but also, first and foremost, with a custody solution. We don't have anything to announce today, but clearly, to your point, it's looking more and more like a custody offering is going to end up being table stakes to continue to provide the services that the growing institutional investor community is looking for in this space. While we don't have anything to announce, we're definitely continuing to look at it.
What I would say is, the reason we haven't launched anything to this point is because we have not yet or had not yet seen it as a way for us to make money. That certainly could be changing.
Great. I appreciate it. Thank you.
You bet. Thanks for the question.
Our next question comes from the line of Ryan Todd with Block Research. You may proceed with your question.
Good morning. Thanks for taking my question. I think we've hit on this now from a few angles, so I'll try and reframe a bit. I think it's an understatement to say that just providing financial payment services to this digital asset industry is having its moment. Just the announcements that have come out even in the past few weeks, whether that's OCC's second interpretive letter on banks holding reserve assets behind stablecoins, corporate treasury balances into Bitcoin from some companies. PayPal, obviously, last week. You mentioned not providing guidance on SEN volumes per se. We talked about the strategic rationale for not charging per SEN. I'm wondering how you're thinking about this growing pie of customers and total addressable market from some of these announcements. Maybe some insight into what the sales cycle looks like for the backlog of prospective customers.
Just ultimately, I'm wondering whether these new entrants kind of opens up a way to potentially monetize SEN over time. Thanks.
Yeah, Ryan, this is Alan. Thanks for the questions. I think I'll turn it over to Ben to talk a little bit about the sales cycle.
Thanks, Alan. Dating back to 2014 when Silvergate Capital Corporation started banking digital currency customers, first and foremost, we had to create a process of vetting these potential customers and doing our due diligence and understanding their compliance programs. That's still true today. The sales cycle for a new exchange looks quite a bit different than the sales cycle for an institutional investor or a stablecoin issuer. That sales cycle is kind of largely the same, and a lot of the timing of onboarding really depends on how mature the client is and how long they've been doing it. One of the things that we haven't talked too much about on this call is sort of the emergence of stablecoins and those payments, US dollar payments over a blockchain, is another way of saying it.
We continue to be excited about that space, in addition to the other things that you mentioned, Ryan. If you think about it, really what Silvergate Capital Corporation does between our API and the SEN Network is it allows our clients to receive traditional US dollar payments, whether that be by wire or ACH, in a very scalable fashion where they can attribute those to their clients very quickly and very programmatically. Then it allows them to source liquidity and also mint and burn stablecoin 24 hours a day, seven days a week because of the SEN.
That's another area that we're excited about, and we continue to develop our payments platform, and our API capabilities so that we can continue to support for the infrastructure needs that are there, in addition to SEN Leverage and the other ways that we can support some of the folks that you mentioned.
Awesome. That's helpful. Just a quick follow-up. On SEN Leverage specifically, has there been any intention or, I don't know if this has been mentioned yet, but intention to expand margin with other assets as collateral besides Bitcoin? I'm also just wondering plans to expand to other exchanges.
Yeah. This is Alan. I'll take those. We have no current plans to expand beyond Bitcoin. Being a federally insured, regulated financial institution, as we look at the different assets and we look at some of the characteristics of those assets, whether or not they may or may not be securities. How deep is the market? What's the liquidity of those other assets? How do they trade? We believe there's plenty of opportunity for us to focus on Bitcoin, which is the largest by far. It's got the deepest order books, the deepest liquidity pools. That's not to say that we won't add other assets over time, but we're going to make sure that this is working very well with Bitcoin before we expand beyond that. As far as adding additional service providers, that's something else. We are in conversations with others.
With our two pilot partners, we've worked very well with both of them, and as we look to move out of the pilot, we want to make sure that they are very well rewarded for partnering with us on these. We will look to really deepen the partnerships that we have that are existing while we're looking for the next partner. That's not to say we won't have other partners, but we don't have anything to announce today.
Awesome. Got it. Okay, thanks. Congrats on the quarter.
Thanks, Ryan.
Ladies and gentlemen, we have reached the end of today's question and answer session. I would like to turn this call back over to Alan for closing remarks.
All right. Thank you, Laura. We are very pleased with our third quarter results as they clearly demonstrate Silvergate Capital Corporation strong positioning given the solid credit quality of our loan portfolio, ample liquidity and capital, combined with the numerous opportunities that we have to further grow the SEN. We believe that the runway for the SEN is boundless as we continue to develop and grow products such as SEN Leverage. We are truly in a position of strength and are excited with what the future holds for Silvergate Capital Corporation. Given the continuing pandemic, I do hope everyone with us here today is safe, and I want to thank our employees once again for their ongoing hard work and commitment. Thank you again, everybody, for your time, and hope you have a great day. Thank you.
Thank you for joining us today. This concludes today's conference. You may disconnect your lines at this time.