Hello, thank you for standing by, and welcome to Imperial Fourth Quarter 2021 Earnings Conference Call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. After the speaker presentation, there will be a question and answer session. To ask a question during the session, you'll need to press star one on your telephone. Please be advised that today's conference may be recorded. If you require any further assistance, please press star zero. I would now like to hand the conference over to your speaker today, Dave Hughes, Vice President, Investor Relations. Please go ahead.
Thank you very much. Good morning, everybody, and welcome to our fourth quarter earnings call. I'll start by introducing you to the management team we have in attendance. Brad Corson, Chairman, President, and CEO. Dan Lyons, Senior Vice President of Finance and Administration. Simon Younger, Senior Vice President of the Upstream. Sherri Evers, Vice President of Commercial and Corporate Development, and Jon Wetmore, Vice President of the Downstream. I'll quickly go over the cautionary statement. Today's comments include reference to non-GAAP financial measures. The definitions and reconciliations of these measures can be found in attachment six of our most recent press release and are available on our website with a link to this conference call.
Today's comments may also contain forward-looking information, and any forward-looking information is not a guarantee of future performance and actual future financial performance and operating results can differ materially depending on a number of factors and assumptions. Forward-looking information and the risk factors and assumptions are described in further detail in our fourth quarter earnings press release that we issued this morning, as well as our most recent Form 10-K. All of these documents are available on SEDAR, EDGAR, and on our website. I'd ask you to please refer to those. Just before I turn it over to Brad for his opening remarks, once he's done and he and Dan go over our financial and operating performance for the quarter, we will be moving to the Q&A session as usual. With that, I'll turn it over to Brad.
Good morning, everybody, and welcome to our fourth quarter 2021 earnings call. I hope each of you are doing well and are in good health to start the new year. As we bring 2021 to a close, well, at least from a reporting point of view, I would like to repeat something I said on the third quarter call. Wow, what a difference a year makes. I'm very pleased to report that we finished the year strong with another quarter of solid operating performance and strong financial results. In 2020, we focused heavily on ensuring Imperial was well-positioned to take advantage of the market recovery through ongoing focus on reducing our cost structure, improving our reliability, and progressing high return brownfield projects.
You can now see the benefits of those efforts in our 2021 results as we continued to make the most of the improving and attractive business environment. This performance was reflected in all business lines, although we did see some pretty challenging weather to close out the year. As it has all year, this performance allowed us to return a material amount of cash to shareholders in the quarter. In fact, to accelerate the pace of these returns, resulting in around CAD 3 billion for the full year, the highest level in the company's history. Throughout 2021, we continued to manage the ongoing challenges due to COVID-19. Our focus on maintaining the health and safety of our workforce was key, not only in minimizing disruptions to our operations, but also, and most importantly, in ensuring the well-being of our people.
From a business perspective, we saw a continued demand recovery throughout the year and significant improvement in commodity prices, both of which are reflected in our results. Over the next few minutes, Dan and I will detail the results of what was a very strong quarter. Now let's turn more specifically to the fourth quarter results. Earnings for the fourth quarter were CAD 813 million, and our cash from operating activities was over CAD 1.6 billion, both somewhat lower versus the third quarter. Earnings were negatively impacted by approximately CAD 160 million in one-time non-cash events. Cash flow, excluding working capital effects, was up more than CAD 100 million, reflecting our strong operating performance and the strong commodity fundamentals in the quarter. Crude prices continued to strengthen through the quarter while both downstream and chemical margins remained strong.
Our Upstream continued to perform very well, delivering its highest annual production in over 30 years. Our Downstream performed well also. We saw utilization of 97% for the quarter and higher product sales as demand continued to recover. Our Chemicals business closed out the year with another strong quarter and delivered the highest full-year earnings in over 30 years. As expected, polyethylene margins did soften somewhat in the quarter, but remained strong and supported the best ever full-year earnings for this business. In total, our strong cash flow generation in a period of strong commodity prices was underpinned by continued strong operational performance. We were able to take advantage of attractive markets for crude, refined products, and chemicals.
All of this contributes to a very strong cash position, which continues to allow us to deliver on our priority of returning cash to shareholders. In the quarter, we returned CAD 950 million to our shareholders in the form of dividends and accelerated share buybacks. For the year, we generated about CAD 5.5 billion of cash from operating activities and around CAD 4.5 billion of free cash flow. We put this cash to good use. Early in the year, we announced the largest quarterly dividend in the company's history and reinstituted our share buyback program, which we suspended in 2020 due to the business environment brought on by the pandemic. In the fourth quarter, we announced an acceleration of the renewed NCIB.
All of this resulted in the return of nearly CAD 3 billion of cash to our shareholders in the year. 2021 marks the 27th consecutive year of dividend increases. You would have seen us continue this trend with the announcement this morning of another significant dividend increase of CAD 0.07 per share, which is around 26%, our largest dividend increase in history. This equates to a 55% increase since the beginning of 2021 and represents an increase of almost 80% since the beginning of 2019. Going forward, following yesterday's completion of our accelerated NCIB and today's announcement of a sizable dividend increase, we remain committed to returning surplus cash to shareholders and are actively evaluating our next steps in this area, including a potential substantial issuer bid.
We are unwavering in our commitment to a reliable and growing dividend and delivering further shareholder value and returns. I'll now turn it over to Dan to go through our financial performance for the quarter in more detail.
Thanks, Brad. Getting into the financial results for the full year, we recorded net income of almost CAD 2.5 billion, an increase of around CAD 3.2 billion, excluding the one-time CAD 1.2 billion non-cash impairment charge related to our unconventional business that we recognized in the fourth quarter of last year. For the fourth quarter of 2021, our net income was CAD 813 million. Excluding identified items, net income increased almost CAD 800 million from the fourth quarter of last year. This increase was primarily driven by stronger realizations in the upstream and improved margins in the downstream and chemicals. Now, if we look sequentially, our fourth quarter income of CAD 813 million is down about CAD 95 million from the third quarter of this year.
As Brad noted, the fourth quarter results include a number of unrelated one-time non-cash charges totaling about CAD 160 million. Looking at each business line, the Upstream recorded net income of CAD 545 million, up CAD 20 million from our third quarter net income of CAD 524 million as a result of higher realizations in volumes, partly offset by higher operating expenses driven in part by mine progress spend at Kearl and higher energy costs. Upstream results included a number of one-time charges of about CAD 85 million. The Downstream recorded net income of CAD 250 million, down CAD 43 million from net income of CAD 293 million in the third quarter. Downstream results included a number of one-time charges totaling around CAD 75 million.
Chemicals continued to demonstrate strong performance in the fourth quarter with net income of CAD 64 million, down about CAD 60 million from the third quarter of this year as polyethylene prices moderated from the extremely strong levels seen in the third quarter. Moving on to cash flow. In the fourth quarter, we generated over CAD 1.6 billion in cash flow from operating activities, an improvement of about CAD 1.3 billion from the fourth quarter of 2020. Our free cash flow for the quarter was just over CAD 1.2 billion. Looking at the full year, our strong results in capital discipline delivered free cash flow of almost CAD 4.5 billion. As we start 2022, strong commodity prices along with our continued cost and capital discipline position us well to generate very substantial free cash flow going forward.
Moving on to CapEx. Capital expenditures in the fourth quarter totaled CAD 441 million, up from CAD 195 million in the fourth quarter of 2020. Full year capital expenditures were in line with revised guidance at just over CAD 1.1 billion. Capital spending in 2021 was focused on progressing key projects such as Kearl In-Pit Tailings infrastructure and the Sarnia Products Pipeline. We also continued to invest in improving volumes through projects like the Solvent Assisted SAGD project at our Mahkeses Cold Lake plant and improving the efficiency and cost structure of our operations by continuing to invest in projects like our autonomous haul truck fleet and related infrastructure, as well as installing our first boiler flue gas heat recovery unit at Kearl.
In December, we announced our 2022 capital guidance at CAD 1.4 billion, reflecting our strong ongoing capital discipline. In the upstream at Kearl, capital spending includes the ramp-up of the Kearl In-Pit Tailings project, ongoing investment in our autonomous truck fleet, and installing additional boiler flue gas heat recovery units. At Cold Lake, we will work on developing phase one of our Grand Rapids project. Continue to progress solvent-assisted LASER, as well as infill drilling and well work. In the downstream, spending includes the completion and commissioning of the Sarnia Products Pipeline and spending on the Strathcona Renewable Diesel project. We will have an opportunity to discuss these plans in more detail at our Investor Day. Shifting to shareholder distributions. As I mentioned earlier, we generated about CAD 4.5 billion of free cash flow in 2021.
This performance supported record returns of almost CAD 3 billion of cash to shareholders, including returns of about CAD 950 million in the fourth quarter alone. We repurchased 17.5 million shares for CAD 761 million in the quarter under an accelerated program, bringing our full year buyback to 56 million shares for over CAD 2.2 billion. We paid dividends of CAD 188 million in the fourth quarter and a total of over CAD 700 million for the full year. Despite these record distributions, we ended the year with about CAD 2.2 billion of cash on hand. Consistent with our previous announcement, we continued our accelerated NCIB purchases in January 2022 and completed this program on January 31. We also declared an increased dividend of CAD 0.34 per share, payable on April 1.
Furthermore, as Brad mentioned, in light of our current cash balance and the strong business outlook, we are actively evaluating options for additional shareholder returns, including a potential substantial issuer bid. Now I'll turn it back to Brad to discuss our operational performance.
Thanks, Dan. As we focus our operations, I would sum up the fourth quarter as being another strong quarter operationally across all business lines. In the upstream, we averaged 445,000 oil equivalent barrels per day, which is an increase of 10,000 bpd versus the third quarter, but is down 15,000 bpd versus the fourth quarter of 2020. This decrease year-on-year was due mainly to an early start to winter. In fact, Alberta saw several weeks of extreme Arctic temperatures in the last half of December and early January, which, as you know, presents some operational challenges, particularly in our mining operations. At our Investor Day in late 2020, we communicated our intent to focus the upstream organization's efforts on maximizing the performance of our existing asset base.
Given how the assets performed in 2021, I would say we are on that strategy and achieving it, and it's also paying off for us. In fact, our full year 2021 production was oil equivalent barrels per day, which is the highest in over 30 years and exceeded our guidance for the year. I would also note the current market environment and the strong commodity prices we are seeing. While in the fourth quarter, there were a number of factors which drove the WTI WCS spreads wider, such as the phased startup of Line three and other smaller disruptions, we are now seeing narrower spreads and are well-positioned to continue to benefit from this. Now let's move on and talk about Kearl.
Production at Kearl in the fourth quarter averaged 270,000 bpd gross, which was down 4,000 bpd versus the third quarter and 14,000 bpd lower than the fourth quarter of 2020. As I mentioned, Western Canada saw an early start to winter, feeling the effects of a deep freeze that started late in the fourth quarter and extended into the new year. As we have talked about in the past, extended periods of extreme cold weather can be challenging for our operations and particularly mining. The result of these weather challenges was lower than expected production in the fourth quarter at Kearl, with an estimated impact of around 13,000 bpd in the quarter or just over 3,000 bpd on a full year basis.
The impacts of the extreme cold weather continued to linger into January, but I'm pleased to say that as of now, our operations have essentially returned to normal. I would also like to take a moment to recognize the tremendous dedication of our workforce, whose efforts to safely maintain our operations in these extreme conditions and mitigate the production impacts are a huge credit to the organization. Despite the weather impacts, total full-year production for Kearl was 263,000 bpd , the highest in the asset's history. This compares to 222,000 bpd in 2020, an increase of 41,000 bpd for the year. Kearl continues to deliver on its production and reliability op-commitments, including the elimination of the second annual turnaround, a full year ahead of schedule.
Looking forward, we continue to be excited about Kearl's potential as we make progress on our accelerated journey to 280,000 bpd . Despite the slower start to the year, we reiterate our 2022 guidance of 265,000-270,000 bpd , reflecting the next step in production growth at the site. I would also note that this 2022 guidance reflects one major planned turnaround, expected to be executed in the second quarter of the year. I'd like to wrap up our discussion about Kearl with some comments about unit costs, another positive reflection of the asset's performance. As I mentioned on our third quarter call, continued pressure from higher energy prices and the strength of the Canadian dollar presented some challenges in meeting our unit cash cost target of $20 per barrel.
In 2021, higher energy costs and the strength of the Canadian dollar represented approximately an incremental $2.50 per barrel relative to 2020. However, if we normalize for energy costs and Forex, both items outside our control, our unit costs would have achieved a reduction of almost $1 per barrel from 2020 and been below the target of US $20 per barrel. Close management of unit costs continues to be core to our approach to maximizing profitability at Kearl, and we remain focused on achieving further unit cost reductions as we go forward. Now let's talk about Cold Lake. Cold Lake has been a really positive story throughout 2021.
Production for the quarter averaged 142,000 bpd , which was up 7,000 bpd versus the third quarter and 6,000 bpd higher than the fourth quarter of 2020. This strong performance reflects the benefits of our continued focus on production optimization and reliability. While Cold Lake experienced the same extreme cold temperatures in December, it did not have a material impact given the nature of this operation. For the year, production averaged 140,000 bpd , exceeding our updated guidance of 135,000 bpd . Our full year production at Cold Lake was driven by significant improvement to the base performance, highlighting the effectiveness of our strategy to focus on reliability and optimization.
We also saw the benefits from recent drilling investments in our operations, which contributed almost 2,000 bpd of production for the year. We are looking forward to continuing to benefit from these improvements in the coming year. For 2022, we have issued guidance of 135,000-140,000 bpd for Cold Lake, which includes a typical plant turnaround in the second quarter. Now at Syncrude, Imperial's share of production for the quarter averaged 79,000 bpd , which was up slightly from 78,000 bpd in the third quarter, but down 8,000 bpd from the fourth quarter of 2020. Unplanned downtime, coupled with extreme cold weather, presented challenges for these operations in December, as detailed in a statement issued by the operator, Suncor, earlier in January.
We estimate the impact to be close to 5,000 bpd our share in the quarter. Imperial's share of full year production averaged 71,000 bpd , an increase of 2,000 bpd versus 2020. As the ownership continues its focus on improving asset reliability, we reiterate our guidance for 2022 of 75,000-80,000 bpd . This guidance reflects the impacts of planned maintenance in the second quarter and a major coker turnaround in the third quarter. 2021 also marked a change in the operating structure at Syncrude, and we remain confident that this change will better support the continued focus on improved reliability and cost performance for this asset. Now moving to the downstream.
We refined an average of 416,000 bpd in the fourth quarter, which was up 12,000 bpd versus the third quarter of 2021 and up 57,000 bpd, versus the fourth quarter of 2020, reflecting the strong operating performance and the continuation of demand recovery we have seen throughout 2021. The fourth quarter throughput equates to a utilization of 97%, which is the highest fourth quarter utilization in over 30 years. This represents a 3% increase over the third quarter, bringing our full year utilization to 89%, which is right on the guidance we provided for 2021. For the year, throughput was 379,000 bpd up 39,000 bpd versus 2020.
Looking forward to 2022, we have a fairly light turnaround year planned, supporting our increased guidance for 2022 of 92%-94% utilization. Looking at cash operating costs, our downstream business continues to do an exceptional job in managing its operating costs. Full year cash operating costs were down CAD 70 million compared to 2020 and down even more when normalizing for the rising energy prices we saw in 2021. This decrease is especially notable because over the same period, our refining throughput increased by 39,000 bpd and our petroleum product sales grew by 35,000 bpd . We are refining more barrels and selling more product, and we're doing it at a lower absolute cost. Again, this was a year of significant turnaround activity and higher energy costs.
Petroleum product sales in the fourth quarter were 496,000 bpd , up 11,000 bpd from the third quarter on continued strong demands and up 80,000 bpd from the fourth quarter of 2020, reflecting significant recovery from the pandemic-related softness of 2020. We continue to see industry demand trends pretty consistent with what we saw through 2021, with gasoline and diesel demands hovering around 90%-95% of historical levels and jet continuing to improve, averaging around 70%-75%. However, as mentioned, jet continues to be somewhat volatile as we experience subsequent waves of COVID-19 and the associated restrictions related to travel.
Also of note is that our jet sales volumes continue to track about 10% ahead of industry, predominantly related to competitive gains we were able to capture in 2021, increasing our overall market share. With respect to downstream margins, unlike crude prices, our fourth quarter crack spreads continue to hover around the middle of the five-year band, which reflects fairly steady improvement over early 2020 at the onset of the pandemic. Despite ongoing demand volatility, our continued focus on reliable and efficient operations ensures we are capturing as much value as possible in the current downstream pricing environment. Looking forward to 2022, the outlook is positive as we continue to see improvements in the market environment, driving further strengthening of our downstream business, which supports our continued journey back to typical earnings and cash flows for this business segment.
I'll wrap up our operating results with chemicals. 2021 was an incredible year for this key part of our business, and I just can't say enough about how pleased I am with the performance it delivered, making the most of capturing a very favorable market environment. The fourth quarter was another solid quarter. Earnings in the fourth quarter were CAD 64 million, supported by continued strong production, reliability, and margins. Fourth quarter earnings were down CAD 57 million versus the third quarter, which I will remind you was the highest quarterly earnings in over 30 years. This reduction was driven largely by expected softening of polyethylene margins. While margins did soften somewhat in the quarter, they still remain quite strong, and that sets the chemical business up well for a strong 2022.
Full year Chemicals earnings were CAD 361 million, CAD 74 million higher than the previous full year record of CAD 287 million set in 2015. An outstanding year for our Chemicals business, which continues to be a differentiator for us. The integrated nature of our business supports a long history of profitability, even in a year like 2020, and we expect this to continue even as we see polyethylene prices normalizing somewhat. Just before wrapping up, I wanted to highlight a couple of other important items of note. First, we announced our plans to market our interest in XTO Energy Canada a few weeks ago, which, as you will recall, is our unconventional business. We have been quite open recently about where this business fits into our longer-term upstream strategy, and our decision to market the assets is fully consistent with this.
To be clear, though, no decision has been made to sell these assets, but in our view, we felt it was appropriate to test the market in the event there is an opportunity to generate increased value through a potential sales transaction. I also wanted to highlight the announcements we made recently on Imperial's plans for further reductions in greenhouse gas emissions intensity over the next decade to help support Canada's net zero goals. Imperial has set a 2030 goal to reduce Scope 1 and Scope 2 greenhouse gas emissions intensity of our operated oil sands facilities by 30% compared with 2016 levels. This target builds on our previous 2023 commitment, which we are well on track to deliver.
I'm quite proud of the progress we've made to date in reducing the intensity of our greenhouse gas emissions at our operated oil sands assets, and our recent announcement is another step in our journey to net zero at our operated oil sands assets by 2050. In closing, another strong quarter, which brings to a close a year of very strong results, both operationally and financially. As you have heard me say before, the decisions we have made and the work the organization has done over the past several quarters is allowing us to take maximum advantage of the prevailing market conditions. This performance supports our ongoing commitment to drive increased shareholder value and our continued commitment to shareholder returns.
As you heard Dan and I mention, in 2021, we returned nearly CAD 3 billion to our shareholders via our reliable and growing dividend and share buybacks. We are also excited to reinforce our commitments to sustainability, not only with our recent announced greenhouse gas intensity reduction target, but with our participation in the Pathways Initiative, an unprecedented industry alliance. Our long-term focus on reducing our environmental footprint through investments in things like solvent technologies and carbon capture and storage underpin our confidence in meeting these goals. Looking forward to 2022, we continue to see support for commodity prices and fully expect to deliver another year of strong operational performance, underpinning our ability to take utmost advantage of the current market conditions. We will continue our focus on reduced emissions and sustainability, including our plans for renewable diesel at our Strathcona refinery.
We will remain disciplined with respect to spending levels, both operating and capital. We will also continue to return cash in excess of these needs to our shareholders. Finally, I'd like to thank all of you for your continued support. I hope you're as excited about 2022 as we are. Thank you, and back to you, Dave.
Okay, we're gonna move to the Q&A now. We did have a couple of questions pre-submitted, which we'll get to first, and then we'll go to the live Q&A line. The two questions came from Phil Skolnick at Eight Capital. The first one, what are you and ExxonMobil looking for in order to make a decision on marketing the XTO assets? Would you consider selling it in pieces?
Yeah. Thanks for that question, Phil. As you know, we announced earlier in January our intention to market those assets jointly with ExxonMobil. In fact, we've progressed those activities, now have the data room open. There's a lot of interest. You know, our decision around marketing was really driven by the strategic work we have done over the last couple of years, where we have prioritized our focus on certain assets in our portfolio and really prioritized our capital as well. Through that work, we have concluded that we have higher value opportunities with our core mining assets.
As such, you know, you'll recall we took an impairment decision in late 2020 for some of the unconventional assets that we had not included in our development plans. Again, this is really a continuation of that strategy. We have not made the decision to sell, though. We're gonna be looking at, you know, how do we create maximum value for us, for our shareholders? Prior to putting the assets in the marketplace, we had received several unsolicited offers for those assets. We shouldn't be surprised by that. You know, there's been a lot of consolidation that's occurring in the Montney and Duvernay shale resource plays.
You know, it's really the culmination of all that that drove us to put those assets in the marketplace. We'll see what we get back. It is a very large resource play, you know, over 650,000 net acres. From a transaction structure, you know, we are open to selling it in pieces. You know, we do know that there are some industry players that are primarily focused in the Montney. There's others that are primarily focused in the Duvernay. There's some that are in both. You know, we are open to considering alternate structures for the transaction.
The key is gonna be what delivers the most value, and how does that compare to our view of value if we were to continue to retain the asset and develop it further ourselves. So we're excited to see what comes out of the data room and the bids, you know, in another month or so. Thanks for that question.
Okay. Phil's follow-up, I think, Dan, I'll direct straight to you, is, are you still considering an SIB given the dividend increase?
Yeah. Thanks, Phil. We talked about this, you know, in our kind of prepared remarks, but it's probably worth talking a little more. I mean, the short answer is yes, we are considering an SIB. Just stepping back, you know, we have a long-standing philosophy, I think as you know, to return surplus cash to shareholders. You know, it starts with a reliable and growing dividend, which we've demonstrated over many years. Of course, this morning's announcement of a sizable increase is another step in that direction. After you know, dividends, our next vehicle for surplus cash is the NCIB. It's simple, efficient, and flexible. We used it certainly to the max in 2021.
We had a program where we started in May, June. We bought a bunch of shares. We launched a new program in June. We ended up accelerating that to wrap up early. Over the course of 2021, we repurchased over CAD 2.2 billion through that program. Just, you know, January 31, yesterday, we wrapped up that program with our acceleration through January 31 of another incremental CAD 450 million. Over 13 months, about CAD 2.7 billion through the NCIB. As you know as well, we're limited to 5% of outstanding shares annually in that program. Our next renewal would be late June of this year. We certainly plan to do that.
Looking at our cash balances and our outlook, you know, for strong cash flow, we're anticipating taking action on shareholder returns, additional action before renewal of the NCIB in late June. We haven't made a final decision, but we certainly heard the market's feedback, strong preference for an SIB, and that's our lead case at this point. Okay. Operator, can we turn it over to you now, please, to go to the live Q&A line?
Thank you. As a reminder, to ask a question, you will need to press star one on your telephone. To withdraw your question, press the pound key. Our first question comes from Dennis Fong with CIBC World Markets. You may proceed with your question.
Hi, good morning, and thanks for taking my questions. The first one maybe follows in line with Dan's comment there on returning cash back to shareholders. Obviously, Imperial Oil is in an enviable position with respect to leverage. Can you maybe describe what you view as the ideal capital structure, in your opinion, for the company, and how we should be thinking about that, obviously balancing the available free cash flow that you're generating, the relative CapEx that you have already outlined with your 2022 guidance, as well as the various other levers that you have in returning cash back to shareholders? Thanks.
I'll turn that question over to Dan. He can build on his comments about shareholder returns.
Yeah. Look, you know, we have about CAD 5 billion of debt, which has been pretty stable for a number of years. We feel comfortable with that level of debt, you know, given our leverage on an absolute basis and relative to peers is low. It's not our first move to repay the debt. To the extent we have surplus cash, we really, you know, once we've exhausted the NCIB, it's to use other mechanisms to return that to shareholders. You know, that's maybe a short answer, but I think that is that in a nutshell. You see, we have a fairly modest capital program in 2022, as I mentioned in my remarks.
You know, at current price levels, we anticipate generating significant free cash flow in addition to, you know, a pretty significant cash balance right now.
Great. Thanks. My second question here is more on the upside, so they're maybe directed to you, Brad, or to Simon. Just with respect to Cold Lake, you've obviously seen fairly strong production levels and a lot of success from the optimization side. You mentioned a little bit around a LASER and the utilization of solvents. Just curious as to how the optimization is continuing, what maybe some of the next steps happen to be, and what does that potentially mean for a project like Grand Rapids, which was potentially going to utilize existing steam infrastructure in the area. Thanks.
Yeah. Thanks for that question, Dennis. You know, we are super excited about the progress we're making at Cold Lake. You know, we have put a lot of focus into optimizing the reservoir performance of those assets. We've continued to focus on reliability as well. You know, as you mentioned and we've commented on this call and in the past, you know, we continue to look for ways to employ kind of next-generation solvent technologies, like LASER, that achieve multiple objectives for us. You know, they do have the benefit of enhancing reservoir performance, but equally important, they reduce the greenhouse gas emissions, because they have lower steam and energy intensity.
You know, it is a continued strategy of ours to continue to deploy solvent technologies to enhance Cold Lake's performance. You know, next on the docket is Grand Rapids Phase 1, which will employ SA-SAGD technology. Looking a little bit longer term, we're evaluating application of a cyclic solvent process we refer to as CSP, which allows us to replace steam with propane and achieve even further reductions in greenhouse gas intensity while improving reservoir performance. In the case of CSP, we've already piloted that quite successfully and so now looking at the further application.
You know, I think over the coming quarters and years, you're gonna continue to hear us talk about the evolution of these technologies, how they're integral to both our reservoir optimization, but also our greenhouse gas intensity reduction objectives. I'm sure in our upcoming Investor Day, we'll spend some more time talking about each of those and how they fit in. Thanks for the question. Again, we're very excited about our actions at Cold Lake.
Thank you. Our next question comes from Manav Gupta with Credit Suisse. You may proceed with your question.
Hey guys. My first question is more on the renewable diesel side. I'm just trying to understand if you can give us some. I'm sure you've done some preliminary work. What kind of feedstocks are you looking to run? Soybean, canola. I mean, you are in that vegetable oil belt, so is it primarily going to be vegetable oils? Can you bring in some used cooking oil, some animal fats? If I could get some understanding of that.
Yeah, thanks for that question. Again, we're gonna spend some more time at Investor Day describing this project. Kind of at the foundation of your question, fundamentally, this is gonna be plant-based materials. We're not looking at, you know, animal fat or other sorts of supply. It's very much focused on plant-based materials that are sourced generally in the region. You know, we haven't talked explicitly about the specific type of plant. We're still in commercial discussions with potential suppliers. Those commercial discussions are still sensitive around the type.
Needless to say, there's an abundant supply of available materials and good options for us that are gonna allow us to, you know, ultimately produce 20,000 bpd of very competitive supply. We're really excited about this project, you know, driven by kind of the overall benefits it'll bring to Canada in achieving our total emissions objectives of net zero by 2050. This is a key contributor to reducing Scope 3 emissions. Some more to come, Manav.
Perfect. Keeping on the line of emission reductions, you and others have obviously committed to carbon capture and sequestration. It was a big project which was announced, but, like, how is it progressing? How are the partner commitments? What are you looking for from the government in terms of help? I mean, it's an excellent project, but we don't get too many details on that carbon capture and sequestration project. If you could just help us understand how the discussions are progressing between you and all the others and the government for that project.
Yeah. Thanks for the question. I'm excited to talk about it. We're making, I think, really good progress. You know, this is a very complex undertaking to achieve net zero by 2050. The alliance we've established among the member companies is unprecedented, the level of cooperation. The amount of investment that will ultimately be required to get to net zero, you know, we've estimated as CAD 75 billion from now to 2050. You know, it's a huge undertaking. It's not just one single project, it's multiple projects.
There's a foundational project which is building this large trunk line that will allow the transport of carbon that's captured in the Fort McMurray area all the way down to the Cold Lake region, where we've applied with the government for access to pore space so we can sequester the carbon there. You know, building this large trunk line is a significant project. There's several other projects around the capture side at each of the individual sites, where we're, you know, producing hydrocarbons today.
Then on top of that, you know, as I just talked at Cold Lake, you know, not only are we focused on capturing carbon and transporting it to a site to store it, but we're also looking at how can we fundamentally reduce the amount of carbon that's generated. Things like solvent technologies are quite important there. A lot of moving pieces, if you will, to progress this project. You know, we as an alliance have been able to develop preliminary plans around kind of the sequence of the trunk line project, the carbon capture projects, as well as other technology initiatives. You know, we will talk more about that on Investor Day, but I think it's moving quite well.
We are also spending a lot of time with both the federal and provincial government around enabling steps that are necessary to progress these huge investments. You know, specifically, we are looking for investment tax credit and other financial support from the government, given the nature of these investments, the risks associated with them. Those discussions are ongoing. The cooperation among the companies is just exceptional. You know, in fact, as CEOs, the six companies, we get together every single week and are having discussions about the progress of the project, key priorities, how do we keep it moving along, you know, what are some of the key issues. Again, as I mentioned, we're also actively engaged with the government.
As CEOs, we're meeting directly with key officials, and certainly our teams are meeting with officials and staffs as well at both the federal and provincial levels. You know, it's all hands on deck. This is a huge challenge, but we think it's achievable, and we think it's necessary, and so we're gonna do what it takes.
That is great color, and hoping to meet you at an in-person investor day in March.
Thank you. Well, I look forward to meeting you as well. You know, unfortunately, the Omicron virus has continued to delay many in-person meetings. You know, as soon as the opportunity affords itself, I very much look forward to it as well. It's been a long two years, right?
Right.
I look forward to meeting you as well. Thank you.
Okay.
Thank you. Our next question comes from Doug Leggate with Bank of America. You may proceed with your question.
Thanks. Good morning, everyone. I'm delighted to be on your call. Thanks for taking my questions. Brad, I wonder if I could start with ExxonMobil's announcement yesterday of combining their downstream and chemicals business. I wonder if there's any read-through for Imperial as it relates to incremental cost-cutting initiatives or whether you follow suit.
Yeah. Thanks for the question, Doug, and it's good to hear your voice. It's been a while since we've connected. Thanks for joining the call today. You know, regarding ExxonMobil's announcements yesterday, super exciting news, you know, for ExxonMobil. You know, with ExxonMobil being majority shareholder of Imperial, we benefit from that relationship in many ways. You know, we often talk about the technology benefits that we're able to leverage, kind of their global best practices, some operational synergies. I think all of that comes to play with the announcement that was made yesterday. You know, we still have a lot of work to do to fully understand their plans and then see how we can best leverage them and adapt them.
I fully expect that we will, within Imperial, see benefits from their announcements, the strategies that they're progressing. Like I said, we're super excited.
Okay. Thank you for that. My follow-up is, I don't wanna get ahead of myself here for your upcoming Analyst Day. It seems Exxon has also decided to go virtual and unfortunately, so I don't know what you ultimately decide. My question is specifically on Kearl. When you laid out the kind of reliability trajectory towards 2025, it seems that you're well underway to that. You're probably a little bit ahead of the pace, I would guess. Is there any thoughts you could provide in terms of the timing or the scale of what you ultimately see Kearl doing on that original timeline? I'll leave it there. Thanks.
Yeah. Thanks. Thanks for that question. You're right. You know, it is, it's an unfortunate some of the impacts that COVID has had on plans for Investor Day. You know, it impacted us last year, has the risk of impacting us this year. You know, we're committed to engaging, you know, with our investors, our analysts, and sharing our forward plans. I think it's a very positive story. You know, in terms of Kearl, you're exactly right. You know, each year over the last couple of years, we continue to set new records at Kearl. As I mentioned, you know, we just completed 2021 with 263,000 bpd , gross.
Our guidance for next year is 265-270, which again moves us one step closer to 280. As you accurately note, we'd previously indicated that we would get to 280 in that 2025 timeframe, but we are well ahead of that. At Investor Day, you know, we'll lay out kind of a revised plan. Safe to say it's, you know, there's a lot of organizational focus on how we can get to that 280,000 level sooner than 2025. You know, some of the things we've already done that will contribute are things like moving to one turnaround per year, which we achieved a year earlier than what we shared at last Investor Day.
We have multiple debottlenecking projects that we're progressing. We're continuing to look at how we optimize ore recovery and movement in the mines. Then, you know, taking full advantage of digital. You know, I've talked on prior calls about how we're employing multiple digital techniques that are adding real value to us and, you know, that will also have beneficial effects on our production rates. You know, I still think 265-270 is appropriate for 2022. You can see that's gonna step us to 280 quicker than the 2025 timeframe. You know, Simon at Investor Day will give a lot more detail about those individual projects.
Thanks for the full answer, guys. We'll look forward to it. Thanks again.
Thanks.
Thank you. Our next question comes from Greg Pardy with RBC Capital Markets. You may proceed with your question.
Yeah. Thanks. Good morning, and thanks for the rundown. As always, very thorough. Again, at the risk of probably jumping ahead, but you know, Brad, you've mentioned, you know, that there are steps you're taking to strengthen the downstream business. I'm just wondering if there are any things you can kinda share and whether the, you know, like, I'm assuming the products pipeline, you know, fits into that mix, but any color there would be great.
Yeah. Thanks for the question, Greg. You're right. We'll give a much more comprehensive story at Investor Day. You know, it starts fundamentally with our cost structure. As I mentioned, we've done a lot of things around our cost structure, and I feel really good about that. Then it's ensuring that we are leveraging, you know, all the synergy that we have based on our location of our three refineries, the integration that they have between themselves, but that they also have with our upstream production assets.
Ensuring that we maximize the flexibility of their run slate, you know, which has been key through the pandemic as we've had to adjust to much lower jet demand, and move that into other products. Look at where we have an opportunity to grow new product outlets. You know, we've talked about things we've done with asphalt over the last couple of years and how that's, you know, an increasing part of our portfolio, and again, leverages on our heavy crude slate. Most recently, of course, you know, the Strathcona project and our ability to generate the you know renewable diesel at Strathcona will be a key strategic undertaking for us.
Of course, you know, the integration we have between Sarnia Refinery and Sarnia Chemical Plant also allows us to, you know, further capture market and value. Again, you know, that's kind of a broad brush on it. You know, Jon Wetmore will give a much more comprehensive story at Investor Day, but exciting opportunities for us in the downstream.
Okay. No, terrific. Maybe now, it's probably more of a question for Dan, but I mean, just as an observation, we've been talking about a SIB for a long time. But I totally understand where you guys are coming from in terms of evaluation. But maybe Dan, specifically, would it be possible for you to just frame what the mechanics are? Like, I've never worked through one of these from that standpoint. Is it possible just to, again, enlighten us in terms of blackouts? Like, I'm not trying to pin you down on a date per se because you're sort of saying within the June timeframe, but I think I'd love to know what needs to go into this in terms of formalizing your decision process.
Yeah, I mean, technically, the technicalities of an SIB, I mean, it requires a filing. It's open for 35 days. Generally speaking, you shouldn't do it during a blackout period, which is typically sort of 30 days before your earnings release. You know, ballpark is when the blackout periods are. That's sort of the timing and technicalities of it.
Okay. Thanks very much.
Thanks, Greg.
Thank you. Our next question comes from Neil Mehta with Goldman Sachs. You may proceed with your question.
Thanks so much. Brad, one of the core competencies that you've had and you brought into the business is your background around M&A, given your prior role at Exxon. Just be curious on your own perspective of do you view Imperial as a logical consolidator, especially in light of the deferred tax position and your success in turning around operations and scale and cost of capital? If so, how do you think about balancing that versus return of capital? Big picture question, but any thoughts would be appreciated.
Yeah. Thanks, Neil, and good to hear from you. You know, as we've said in the past, we continue to keep an open mind and open aperture around potential M&A opportunities. It's not our top priority. Our top priority centers around our existing asset base and maximizing value from those assets, which I think we have demonstrated success over the last couple of years and has us well-positioned for the future with, you know, some very long life assets that you know under favorable markets will continue to generate significant cash.
When we look at potential M&A opportunities, we need to convince ourselves that not only do they fit into a long-term strategy, but they are accretive and they do compete for capital relative to, you know, the brownfield investments that we already have identified and are progressing. You know, we're not driven to acquire something just to grow for the sake of growing. In fact, you know, I think we've demonstrated our ability to grow with the existing asset base. You know, take Kearl, for example. You know, it was just a couple of years ago that we were at or below 200,000 bpd . You know, now this year, we're at 263. We expect to grow that to 265-270.
Within a relatively short timeframe, you know, I expect we'll be at 280 or higher. In a few short years, we will have added 80,000 bpd of growth in our portfolio at a cost much, much lower than, you know, any acquisition we could have contemplated. That will continue to be the priority, you know, making sure we first focus on our existing assets. You know, there is a lot of consolidation occurring, and you know, we wanna make sure we are making thoughtful decisions. You know, we look at potential acquisitions and evaluate them, and we discuss them as a management team. You know, that guides us accordingly. Hope that answered your question.
That is a helpful framework, Brad. The follow-up is just around cash taxes. Can you just remind us, team, how you're thinking about your deferred tax position? It's a good problem to have a lot of earnings per share. I would imagine that would also create some considerations that we need to embed in the model going forward.
Yeah. Absolutely. Dan and his team spend a lot of time thinking about that, and so I'll ask him to answer.
Yeah. Well, you know, just for the record, we're against cash taxes, if you didn't know our position. We you know, Well, in 2021, actual cash taxes will be, you know, quite small. 2022 will be sort of a transition year. By 2023, you know, with current economic conditions, we'd expect to be fully taxpaying. You know, I think that's probably as much as I can tell you. Well, on a pure cash basis out the door, we should pay less than the statutory rate in 2022. By 2023, you know, we'll be fully taxpaying on a cash basis. That's kind of where we are.
Makes sense, Dan. Thank you.
Thank you. Our next question comes from Menno Hulshof with TD Securities. You may proceed with your question.
Good morning, everyone, and thanks for squeezing me in. Most of my questions have been answered, but maybe I'll just round things out with cost inflation. We have a pretty good sense of what that could look like for upstream across the industry. What are you seeing in terms of cost pressures for downstream, and would you be able to provide separate ranges for the two?
Yeah. Thanks for the question. No doubt that is an emerging theme, you know, across industry and more broadly, society right now with inflationary pressures from lots of angles. You know, I think, you know, fortunately, for us, we haven't seen huge impacts of inflationary pressures yet. That's not to say we won't going forward. You know, probably the single largest impact we've had is around our own energy costs, you know, where we purchase natural gas, you know, for our facilities. Obviously, you know, we all know what's happened there. You know, as somebody who also produces energy, you know, on balance, that's still favorable for us.
You know, we're taking a close look at other consumable supplies and things like that. You know, first making sure we have access to the supplies, and we're not impacted by any market shortages. You know, also looking at how we can optimize the cost and mitigate any cost pressures. You know, we could see more significant impacts would be things like steel, for example. The good news is, you know, when we look at our large projects, you know, for next year, you know, we talk about Sarnia Products Pipeline, you know, that project is essentially complete. Steel bought a long time ago.
The Kearl In-Pit Tailings project, you know, has some steel associated with it, again, most of which has already been procured. It's more of a, you know, earth-moving project than anything, very labor-intensive, and so we gotta keep an eye on labor costs. Again, so far, we haven't seen huge impacts there. Something we're gonna keep a very close eye on going forward. So far, we've been able to manage it quite well.
Thanks, Brad. I'll leave it there.
Okay, thanks.
Thank you. Our next question comes from Phil Gresh with JP Morgan. You may proceed with your question.
Yes. Hi, good morning. My first question is on the dividend. Obviously, as you noted, two very large increases in the past two years since the last time you had an Analyst Day, and you had talked about, you know, a certain breakeven level at that time. I was just wondering if you could refresh us on how you think about what that breakeven would be today. Then as you go forward, how do you think about sustainable levels of increases in the dividend with respect to, you know, a breakeven framework or however else you might look at it?
Thanks for the question. I think Dan will give an answer on that.
Yeah. Hey, Phil. We'll talk more about breakevens at the Analyst Day. I mean, last year, we talked about, you know, $36 with both including sustaining capital and dividend. I think that's still a good number. We're pretty far away from that. It is important to us, obviously, that the dividend is a sustainable and growing dividend is our core kind of, one of our core investor offerings. We do think about that. We feel given our outlook that CAD 0.07 is warranted, and we feel quite good about it going forward. I guess it's probably as much as I'll say, but, you know, our breakeven is well below current prices.
That gives us a lot of comfort. Obviously, as we go forward, you know, we've had energy inflation as has been discussed, but we continue to work on our base cost structure. You know, obviously we wanna get that breakeven down as low as we can.
Understood. Okay, thank you. Just one other question on the OpEx in the quarter. Obviously, it was up sequentially. I wasn't sure if some of the one-time costs that you called out in any way flowed through OpEx or not. Just in general, you know, latest OpEx in 2022.
Yeah. Of that, you know, CAD 160 million, there's a lot of things in there. There's deferred tax adjustments. There's LIFO and inventory changes. But there's also, I'd say CAD 60 million of OpEx in the upstream included in that number. Yeah, part of that's part of that 160 is one-time OpEx from some smaller write-downs of a number of things.
Okay, great. Thank you.
Thanks, Phil.
Thank you. I'm not showing any further questions at this time. I would now like to turn the call back over to Dave Hughes for any further remarks.
All right. Well, thank you very much, and thank you, everybody, for joining us this morning. As usual, if you have any further questions, please don't hesitate to reach out to us at any time. Thank you.
Thank you. This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for participating. You may now disconnect.