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JPMorgan Industrials Conference 2026

Mar 17, 2026

Jamie Baker
Managing Director and Senior Airlines Analyst, JPMorgan Chase & Co.

All right, folks, moving right along to our second track this morning. I'm very pleased to turn the stage over to the C-suite from American Airlines. Obviously moving down the row, we're very delighted that Robert Isom, CEO, would join us today. Devon May to his left and, Nat Pieper, I think many of you know, but, I think this is the first time, well, it has to be the first time as an American employee that you've taken the stage at our event. It's great to see you again. Long history. Why don't I turn it over to Neil Russell, who runs investor relations, for the opening remarks, and then we'll take it from there.

Neil Russell
VP of Investor Relations, American Airlines

Thanks, man. Well, good morning, everyone. Thank you, so much for joining here in the room and for all of you on the webcast as well. As Jamie said, Neil Russell with the investor relations team. Before I toss it over to Robert for the presentation, just a quick reminder, for everyone, today's presentation does contain some non-GAAP figures. Reconciliations to those non-GAAP figures are included in the presentation and on our website. Additionally, any forward-looking projections that we'll talk about today do have risk factors associated with those, and those risk factors are articulated in our 10-K, which can also be found on the website. With that out of the way, I'm pleased to turn it over to our CEO, Robert Isom.

Robert Isom
CEO, American Airlines Group

Thanks, Neil, and good morning, everyone. Jamie, Mark, thanks for having us here. All right. I'm gonna start right off the bat. Demand for our product is strong, and our revenue performance is improving at a rate greater than we had originally anticipated, and we're increasing our first quarter guide to now expecting more than 10% growth. That's a record YoY for us. If you put that in real numbers, that's $1.3 billion more revenue YoY, approximately at this point. The fundamentals are moving in the right direction. Eight of our top 10 days of revenue bookings, eight of our top 10 revenue weeks in our company history have been in this quarter.

The quarter that we're seeing this strong momentum, it's really translated into very nice unit revenue performance. In March, we're expecting greater than 10% unit revenue performance, and we see that strength continuing on into April and May as well. A few things about this growth. There continues to be very, very strong demand for our premium products, and we're seeing main cabin strength as well. That's where we have a tremendous amount of our network, and it's over the long run that domestic network is a strategic advantage. Our commercial initiatives are driving these results. We're seeing the full impact of restoration of our sales and distribution. We're seeing that 2026 will be a year where we can really build momentum and build back share.

We're fortunately in the midst of the launch of our new contract with Citibank for our co-branded credit card, and that foundation was laid in 2025, but we're seeing the impacts now. That's the headline. The revenue growth for American in the first quarter is incredibly strong, and we see that progressing as we move throughout the year. Now, we're in an environment where there's a lot of volatility with fuel, and fuel prices have increased rapidly over the last few weeks. It's only been seven weeks since we've reported earnings. What we've seen since that time is about $400 million of impact in terms of our first quarter expense.

How we look at this, that rapid increase, if it's a short-term in duration, there's absolutely an impact to the first quarter in terms of profitability and likely an impact in the second quarter as well. We're going to make sure that we do the right things to react to that. If this is a longer-term duration phenomena, we know that there will be the appropriate steps taken to ensure that we drive revenue performance to offset. We're certainly gonna be nimble in terms of capacity to make sure that supply and demand stay in balance. I'd just like to note this as well, that we'll certainly take actions, but no matter how long this takes, American is built for times like this.

Over the last few years, we've done everything possible to make sure that we're prepared from a liquidity perspective, with $10 billion of liquidity here as we end the first quarter. Our total debt is now at a 10-year low, and we have a tremendous amount of unencumbered assets to serve as collateral if we ever needed to do some borrowing. I feel really good about where American stands from a revenue perspective. We're certainly exceeding our expectations, and that's going to continue on as we progress through the year. We're set up for times like this in terms of volatility.

As far as that goes for the first quarter, we've reported this morning that on a number of factors that we are really progressing from a revenue perspective. ASMs are down a little bit since we produced our guide in the first quarter, and that's largely due to the Winter Storm Gianna, which impacted our Charlotte hub for a couple of days, almost shut it down. That, of course, then leads to a little bit higher CASM-ex. As I mentioned before, about a $400 million increase in overall fuel expense. Even with that, all of that, we're going to end up within our guide, albeit towards the lower end.

I'd like to note as well that with all of that going on, if but for the run-up in fuel, we would have produced a profitable first quarter. That's it for guide. What I'd like to talk to you about next is what's driving the performance that we see. Certainly there's market conditions that are favorable, but it's also unique to American Airlines as well, and the work that we're doing. The focus that we have for 2026 is really laid out in four pillars. We're positioning American to win in the long run, and it starts with elevating our customer experience and delivering a consistent, elevated customer experience every day, and it's across every step of our travel journey.

Every interaction that we have with our customers and with our teams is designed to make sure that we are delivering a product and a service that our customers, enjoy and react very favorably to. Next pillar, growing our global network. Much of this is just about restoring, our position to where we had been, prior to the pandemic. We have a great position within, North America. We have the strongest, network, domestically, and we intend to grow that and get it stronger so that customers can use our network to get them anywhere they wanna go with our partners, literally anywhere in the world. On top of that, driving premium revenue performance will continue to be a focus, the third pillar, and then finally, leading in loyalty.

I'd like to talk about all that in more detail. Priority number one, elevating our customer experience. It means on the ground and in the air, the airport experience. We've done work to improve the check-in process. We've done work to make sure that our lounges are the best in the business. You've heard recently about our tenth Flagship Lounge announcement in Charlotte, and we have new Admirals Clubs that are being opened in Austin, Miami, Charlotte, and Chicago as well. New amenities in flight with champagne offerings, a new coffee relationship with Lavazza, elevated food offerings, and our in-flight experience really centered around having the best premium product. Our new Flagship Suites, setting the standard for luxury in the industry, are really showing results.

On top of that, making sure our customers have what they need to do their business in flight. We will be the airline that establishes satellite Wi-Fi across our network, both mainline and regional aircraft, sponsored by AT&T, and we're really pleased with what we're seeing from that. It's not just about product, whether it's hard product on the planes or the service and amenities we offer. It's also about making sure that American runs the most reliable schedule possible. We know that there's nothing more important to our customers than having a flight that gets them to where they wanna go on time. As we take a look at all the turbulence that's in the industry right now, we're making sure that we're set to deliver no matter what comes our way.

We're making investments in our schedule, making sure that we can recover quickly. In regard to adding appropriate buffers within our network and flight times, that's part of our plan in 2026, and that's in place. Our biggest hub, Dallas-Fort Worth, we're making sure that that's built as well for resilience. We're re-banking that operation, and we're putting in place a structure that will help recover no matter what comes our way. We're doing the same thing in Philadelphia, and especially for our connecting customers, this means really good things.

On top of that, we're making sure that our customers and our team members have the tools that they need to both help our customers get to where they wanna go, change, you know, itineraries in the event that they need to, and ultimately recover well from disruptions. Whether it's transparent notifications and better information, much more self-service capability from a mobile app perspective, or for our team members and having tools that tell them when customers are disrupted and how they can best help. All of these efforts, hard products, soft product, amenities, and especially focus on reliability, is going to lead to greater customer satisfaction and also higher net promoter scores. Customer experience, priority one. Priority two, growing back our global network.

From that perspective, the focus is really making sure that we take full advantage of this outstanding network that we've built. Eight out of our top ten hubs are in the ten largest metropolitan regions in the United States, the greatest economic growth, the greatest population growth. We're where people want to travel. Now, just point out that Dallas-Fort Worth, you know, really the center of Texas and the heart of a $2.7 trillion Texas economy, you know, it shows no sign of slowing down in terms of growth. We're going to make sure that we're capable of serving customers no matter where they wanna go.

In Dallas-Fort Worth, we're making really tremendous investments. With a new Terminal F that will be built come online about 2030. We're making major enhancements to both Terminal C and Terminal A with new piers that are coming on this year. Once completed, DFW will be the largest single carrier hub in the world, and that's over the next few years. As well, in 2026, we're making investments in growth in Phoenix. You heard recently about Miami, where we've launched a new regional terminal that will be done over the next few years. In Philadelphia, there will be growth this coming year, and notably in Chicago, we're reestablishing our network to where it had been prior to the pandemic.

Now, it takes a fleet, of course, to support all that, and fortunately, we have a fleet that's built to just do just that. We have no retirements that are planned over the short run. We have a fantastic order book that is very flexible, and we anticipate being to really able to meet our international and premium demand with the growth of our international fleet. 200 additional aircraft by the end of the decade, and we have options to grow beyond that as well. I'd like to note that it's not just new aircraft deliveries, 787-9s and A321XLRs, and also, you know, new narrow bodies across the fleet. It's also that we're reconfiguring just about every aircraft that isn't new.

Whether it's the Boeing 777-300, the Boeing 777-200s, the Airbus A319s, Airbus A320s, all of those will be touched over the next few years, and add to not only a higher level of premium content, more premium seating, more international lie-flat seats, but also a coach experience that will really benefit our customers. I think it's important to note that American's lie-flat seats are expected to grow by 50%, by the end of the decade, really servicing the customers. Now, I'll move on now. If you have a customer experience, and you have a network that customers enjoy, you have the opportunity to really make sure that they get a product that they will benefit from as well.

That leads us to premium revenue, our priority number three. We have a network, we have a fleet that's built to serve premium customers. I mentioned that we have fully restored our historical indirect channel share as we've moved through 2025, and good things are on the horizon in 2026 as we look to expand that share even further. Customers are reacting favorably to our product offering. Business and premium economy paid load factors up 10 percentage points over 2019, and we're seeing customers buy up from our basic economy product as well. We've seen growth over the last year by five percentage points in terms of level of buy-up.

We're also seeing success in higher Main Cabin Extra seats that are being sold through product bundles. Really pleased with what we've seen from a revenue management perspective, a product offering perspective, and customers are reacting to that very well. Now, if you have a customer experience and a network and a product offering that customers want, you have a chance to build loyalty. From that perspective, American has always been the leader with our AAdvantage program, and we intend to capitalize on that and make it even better. I'll start with this. There's no doubt about it that the value of a mile on American gets you farther than anyone else, and that's something that we intend to keep an advantage on.

We're also looking for ways to really expand redemption and making it, you know, literally countless ways that you can use an AAdvantage mile. So whether it's redeeming miles for gift cards, experiences such as our relationship as the FIFA World Cup U.S. North American sponsor, those are opportunities where we can continue to expand. We expect what we've seen so far is that our loyalty enrollments have increased to record levels. They've expanded even greater than where we were in 2025, which were record levels as well. To just further note this new Citi relationship, our single co-branded credit card program that launched January first, and we love what we're seeing.

We've had the highest level ever of co-brand acquisitions for the first two months of the year. We're on track to meet the goals that we had set for ourselves, and ultimately, that's to increase pre-tax income by $1.5 billion as we reach the end of the decade. That's over 2024. Highest loyalty enrollments, highest co-brand acquisitions that we've ever seen, and all that is putting us in a great spot. Those four priorities, customer experience, network, premium revenue, loyalty, that all leads to margin expansion. We're really pleased with the commercial initiatives we've launched. They've got great traction. These have been initiatives that have been in work for a number of years, and they're starting to pay off right now. Add to that our industry-leading cost performance.

We've always been the most efficient at delivering capacity, and we intend to continue to capitalize on that as well. We've had a reengineering the business effort that has produced about $1 billion of savings since 2023. Now we have, you know, full visibility really into our expense projections as we go into the future. We have labor cost certainty contracts in place for the next couple of years, and we intend to make sure that we really do all we can to benefit from having everybody aligned and pushing in the same direction. Expanding margins from a commercial perspective, continued focus on efficiency from a cost perspective, that is going to lead to greater margins, free cash flow, the ability to continue to reduce our leverage.

Our hopes are that free cash flow produced from all of this work will benefit the balance sheet and ultimately get us to credit ratings of BB flat. Revenue, margins, free cash flow, improved balance sheet, this plan is working and this plan is delivering, and we're confident that all of that will deliver for our investors going forward. Jamie, with that, open up to questions.

Jamie Baker
Managing Director and Senior Airlines Analyst, JPMorgan Chase & Co.

All right, folks, go for it. We have a question in the back. Yes.

Robert Isom
CEO, American Airlines Group

We can relax.

Speaker 7

Just wondering about the new revenue guidance. Like presumably that's, you know, inclusive of having lost some revenue due to weather related events, but still, you know, netting out positively. Can you just kinda break out, like what is, you know, if you had like an X amount increase from underlying demand, call it, but had to give Y of that up due to weather or other disruptions, like what is X and what is Y that gets you to that 10%-ish ?

Robert Isom
CEO, American Airlines Group

Well, let me just start with this. You know, the 10.5%, you know, that includes the weather impacts. No doubt, you know, when we're doing earnings seven weeks ago, you know, we were stranded in Dallas-Fort Worth, which was shut down for three or four days almost. We captured in our guide at that time the majority of what we saw from Fern. You know, that was followed up with another storm, Gianna, which uniquely impacted American. We had our second-largest hub, Charlotte, that was shut down for a couple of days. Now, the first storm, Fern, we had said, you know, probably an impact of about $200 million.

I think that, you know, our numbers would have been $200 million greater on top of that. Gianna is baked into the guide that we have. Really pleased with being able to re-report that total revenues are growing by 10%, and that's with all of those difficulties built in.

Speaker 7

Thank you.

Jamie Baker
Managing Director and Senior Airlines Analyst, JPMorgan Chase & Co.

Robert, you did a good job of laying out the margin drivers in the business, but I wanna ask about the franchise from a somewhat different perspective. Delta for years has talked about the moats-

Robert Isom
CEO, American Airlines Group

Mm-hmm

Jamie Baker
Managing Director and Senior Airlines Analyst, JPMorgan Chase & Co.

-that they believe exist around their business. I think it was about two years ago on one of the United earnings calls, they used the M word, moats, for the very first time. I'm curious. That's not really been part of the American narrative in the past, which is fine. I'll put you on the spot. What sort of moats do you think differentiate the American franchise from that of your competitors? Do you see opportunity to establish more moats going forward as the industry continues to evolve?

Robert Isom
CEO, American Airlines Group

Okay. Jamie, let me start with this. We're a premium global airline. Really pleased with that. Our biggest strength is really what we do in North America and how we leverage that around the world. Nobody has a network like we do. Nobody has a network that is positioned where economic growth, population growth is going to happen. We're really pleased with that. That's strength number one, and we leverage that with all of our partners. All of our partners want access, and we are able to not only provide that, but also access other networks. We have the most desirable North American network, hands down.

On top of that, you know, we've done a great job of making sure that we have a fleet to support that.

And not only that, but a fleet, you know, in a world where supply chains are still, you know, very difficult.

Jamie Baker
Managing Director and Senior Airlines Analyst, JPMorgan Chase & Co.

Yeah.

Robert Isom
CEO, American Airlines Group

Right? We've put down, you know, the right investments years ago to really be in a position where that can pay off right now, where premium traffic is growing at considerable rates. I'm pleased with what we've done so far, but really, you know, again, we're going to be in a position where our fleet is gonna be able to support that. At the end of the day, we have this loyalty program. Customers want to fly American.

Jamie Baker
Managing Director and Senior Airlines Analyst, JPMorgan Chase & Co.

Yeah.

Robert Isom
CEO, American Airlines Group

They want to use our loyalty. They want to use our loyalty currency. Those things are all going to add up to a tremendous amount of strength. Great confidence that we will restore profitability this year. Great confidence that we will be able to expand margins as we go forward. That's beneficial to our customers, our team, and our investors as well.

Jamie Baker
Managing Director and Senior Airlines Analyst, JPMorgan Chase & Co.

As a follow-up on the fleet, so 237 international aircraft by the end of the decade. I mean, this is kind of a broad-

Generalization, but when I think about Delta's international expansion, it's mostly been to large cities and towards partner hubs.

Yeah.

When I think about United, and again, this is a generalization.

Mm-hmm

United has taken a more unique approach. You've got your Split, your Nuuk, you know, your Ulaanbaatar, that sort of thing. You're pretty heavily indexed to Heathrow already. How do we think about the international network evolving between now and the end of the decade if those are sort of the two schools of thought in that regard?

Robert Isom
CEO, American Airlines Group

Well, I'll just start and Nat can assist here. I think we have the best partner network of anyone. The reason I say that is because we are in the biggest business markets in the world. You know, whether it's London Heathrow in London or, you know, in Narita and Haneda with Tokyo, or, you know, our relationship with Qantas to Sydney. We're the places that people will wanna go. That's gonna provide strength for the long run and I think that will continue to be something that we can really depend on. Now, that said, you know, I'm really excited and Nat can, you know, expand on this.

I'm really excited about what our domestic hubs are capable of doing as well. Of course, you know, Philadelphia and Charlotte, they're not the largest metro regions in the country, but we have both equipment and a product that I think is gonna allow us to use those to do exactly, you know, as we had hoped. Make sure that we're in some secondary cities in Europe, making sure that we can fully take advantage of the demand that wants to come into the United States. Nat?

Nat Pieper
Chief Commercial Officer, American Airlines

Jamie, I'd answer your question we're gonna play in both markets. I think first just our joint business portfolio is great. Qantas in Oceania, JAL obviously in Tokyo, and then, you know, Cathay partnership in Hong Kong, et cetera, very positive. Our Atlantic joint business partners are terrific as well. You mentioned Heathrow, absolutely. Iberia opportunities over Madrid, tremendous. If you look at where European growth is coming, where folks from the U.S. want to fly, it's Southern Europe, and so there's a lot of opportunity there. I then think in terms of dots on the map around the globe, the A321XLR is terrific for us. Out of Philadelphia, we announced a Porto flight that will start next year. You know, we're going to Prague this year out of Philly, just to give you an example on that.

JFK Edinburgh we started. Those two East Coast hubs with the XLR give us some opportunity there as well. Lastly, to Robert's point on the domestic hubs being the foundation for all of that, we're building local market share back in our hubs where, you know, post pandemic needed to sort through aircraft shortages, et cetera. In our next two or three years, growing back Philadelphia to where historically it's been Phoenix, Miami, core places that all of the pieces of the strategy fit together. You've got loyalty traction there. You've got credit card penetration there. Those people are loyal to American. They generate premium yield. Being able to get them anywhere around the globe they wanna go is core to our strategy.

Mark Streeter
Managing Director and Head of Aviation Credit Research, JPMorgan Chase & Co.

Devon, you and Clemens, your treasurer, you had a, what I would sort of characterize as maybe a blocking and tackling plan for 2026 to finance aircraft, maybe a double ETC or sort of regular way of financing.

Devon May
CFO, American Airlines

Yeah.

Mark Streeter
Managing Director and Head of Aviation Credit Research, JPMorgan Chase & Co.

In light of what's gone on in the past couple of weeks, have you altered your plan at all? How long does this need to continue until you think about, well, maybe we need to sort of tweak that capital plan for this year? You still have a lot of liquidity, but, you've paid down a lot of debt. You've got a lot of unencumbered assets, but we're gonna hit a lot of questions about what does American need to do to raise capital to bridge the gap here.

Devon May
CFO, American Airlines

Yeah. Well, the environment's changed to your point, but I'd just start by saying that's why we have so much liquidity. We're gonna end the quarter with over $10 billion of liquidity. Unencumbered assets and first lien capacity are something north of $25 billion right now. If elevated fuel continues and, you know, if something different happens in the demand environment than what we're seeing today, then, you know, perhaps we'll go to the market to raise some incremental liquidity. We're in a great spot now. The balance sheet is stronger today than it's been in over a decade. Less total debt today than we had at the end of 2015. Less net debt today than we had at the end of 2015. We like where the balance sheet's at.

We have a ton of different ways we can raise capital if needed, but let's just keep in mind this has been a pretty short term shock. It's three weeks into it. We have an impact in the first quarter. There'll be some level of impact in the second quarter, but we're gonna give it some time before we change anything.

Mark Streeter
Managing Director and Head of Aviation Credit Research, JPMorgan Chase & Co.

Robert, there's obviously been a lot of labor noise. A lot of it's been some posturing because of elections and labor leaders and so forth. You know, there does seem to be some underlying angst, if you will. Wondering, you know, what your goal is for the rest of this year in terms of how to maybe improve the tone coming out of labor and how does it fit into, you know, rebuilding, you know, the corporate indirect channel and everything you've been trying to do with the product and so forth, and your NPS scores, how it all fits together?

Robert Isom
CEO, American Airlines Group

Mark, look, our team members, our labor leaders, they want the same things that we do and that we need to deliver on. They want a product that they can be proud of. They want an on-time airline. They want to be taken care of. On all those fronts, that's exactly what we're set to do. I hold all of us accountable to making sure that we deliver in that frame. We'll do everything we can to make sure that our team is brought along and really helps in that process. No doubt about it helps when we're all pulling in the same direction. Clearly, customers are responding to our product offering.

It's only gonna be better as we really build momentum and get everybody moving in the right direction. It starts with leadership, making sure that we deliver on the fundamentals, that we deliver a reliable operation, something that they can depend on, something that they can really, you know, write home about, that they're proud of. We're set to make sure that we bring everybody along on it.

Speaker 8

Can you speak to the premium demand that matches up with the 50% supply increase of premium? If, in an ideal world, outside of operational and fleet constraint, would you be putting in even more premium?

Robert Isom
CEO, American Airlines Group

Yeah.

Devon May
CFO, American Airlines

I'll take that. Great question. I think encouraged on both fronts, actually. On the first part, premium demand's strong. It, it's a lot of the reason we're making the investments that we are, both on the international fleet, our 787 premium configuration in the 787-9s, and flying those airplanes to our most premium market, Heathrow. Logically makes sense. We're seeing great yields from that perspective. Domestically, premium continues to enhance both in our domestic first class product as well as our premium economy, even main cabin extra featuring extra legroom. Seeing good yield performance on those. Also indicative of the modifications we're making into our existing airplanes. 319s and Airbus A320, domestic aircraft, adding additional first class seats, additional premium economy seats there as well. Good traction on that front. We're encouraged about it.

The counter to it, which is also encouraging, is we're seeing main cabin demand and economy traffic improve. March, April unit revenue in the back part of the airplane has been really strong. In fact, even potentially outpacing premium as we move forward, as we see bookings going to Q2. I like that a lot because that tells me the product we're putting on the shelf, customer experience, our network is in hand with that, revenue, we're getting the right products in the right places, whether it's via technology, whether it's corporate indirect share, where folks want to fly American. Whatever we're selling, people are interested in buying whatever experience they're seeking, whether it's premium or it's non-premium traffic.

Jamie Baker
Managing Director and Senior Airlines Analyst, JPMorgan Chase & Co.

Hey, Robert. We saw some headlines coming out yesterday in terms of the proposed Chicago caps. I know that that's not fully baked just yet. Could you comment on the progress that you're making? More importantly, can you assure us that the negotiated solution won't skew in either yours or I mean, I'm sure you'd love it to skew in your favor, but you know, for purposes of fairness, we're assuming that the reductions are similar between United and American. Can you assure us of that? Just an update on Chicago would be helpful.

Robert Isom
CEO, American Airlines Group

Okay.

Jamie Baker
Managing Director and Senior Airlines Analyst, JPMorgan Chase & Co.

Particularly the conversations with, you know, Bryan Bedford and the team.

Robert Isom
CEO, American Airlines Group

Well, look, on two fronts. I'll handle the first, and then I'll hand it to Devon for the second. First, I applaud the DOT and FAA for stepping in. I'm very, you know, I'm grateful to Secretary Duffy, Administrator Bedford. Where we were headed in Chicago due to the reckless scheduling of our competitor, okay, was going to be.

Jamie Baker
Managing Director and Senior Airlines Analyst, JPMorgan Chase & Co.

Very-

Robert Isom
CEO, American Airlines Group

Was going to be, you know, gridlock.

Jamie Baker
Managing Director and Senior Airlines Analyst, JPMorgan Chase & Co.

Yeah.

Robert Isom
CEO, American Airlines Group

You know, plain and simple. American Airlines has had one intention, which is just getting back to a level of flying that we had done, you know, back in 2019. We added a modest amount of flying YoY . I'm really hopeful and confident that what the DOT and FAA are doing will be fair and will produce a schedule that, you know, ultimately, you know, all of our customers can benefit from. It doesn't help-

Jamie Baker
Managing Director and Senior Airlines Analyst, JPMorgan Chase & Co.

Yeah

Robert Isom
CEO, American Airlines Group

anyone to have Chicago in a position, not only where it can't operate, but it impacts the entire country.

Jamie Baker
Managing Director and Senior Airlines Analyst, JPMorgan Chase & Co.

Yeah.

Robert Isom
CEO, American Airlines Group

Again, I'll just state this, you know, American has been flying in Chicago for 100 years. Our very first flight was it had Chicago as one of the legs, flown by Charles Lindbergh. American's not leaving Chicago, no matter what anybody says. To that end, you know, I'll have Devon speak a little bit about, you know, really how we see financial results there. Devon?

Devon May
CFO, American Airlines

Sure. I'll maybe take you back to some old managerial accounting and Activity-Based Costing systems. American Airlines, along with, you know, every other airline and probably most companies when they're looking at the profitability of a different product or a different factory, whatever it might be, it's gonna be looked at a handful of different levels.

Jamie Baker
Managing Director and Senior Airlines Analyst, JPMorgan Chase & Co.

Yeah.

Devon May
CFO, American Airlines

The first is, how is your profitability against the direct operating costs associated with operating, for us, that hub or that flight? All of our hubs are profitable at that level. That's a decision-making level. Next, is it covering the actual assets that are allocated to that hub? In our case, it's largely, is it covering the cost of ownership? Not really a pure ROIC type review, but like a P&L type review inclusive of ownership. It does include costs that maybe are fixed or a little bit more fixed in the near term. Things like calendar-based maintenance expense, airport rent expense, which in many cases is fixed over a longer term, so you slide some of that into a fixed category.

In our case, when you account for some of these fixed costs, all of our hubs are profitable on an after-ownership basis. That's another decision-making tool. The last one isn't a decision-making metric at all. It's just there for interest. It's there because people understand what pre-tax margin looks like. The way we run an Activity-Based Costing system is effectively it takes it down to a pre-tax level.

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