Earnings Call: Q2 2016

Jul 29, 2016

Quarterly report

Good morning and thank you for standing by. Welcome to the AbbVie Second Quarter 2016 Earnings Conference Call. All participants will be able to listen only until the question and answer portion of this call. I would now like to introduce Ms. Lisa Hsieh, Vice President of Investor Relations. Ma'am, you may now begin. Good morning, and thank you for joining us. Also on the call with me today are Rick Gonzalez, Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer Michael Severino, Executive Vice President of Research and Development and Chief Scientific Officer and Bill Chase, Executive Vice President of Finance and Chief Financial Officer. Before we get started, I want to remind you that some statements made today are or may be considered forward looking statements for the purposes of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. AbbVie cautions that these forward looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated in the forward looking statements. Additional information about factors that may affect AbbVie's operations is included in our 2015 Annual Report on Form 10 ks and in our other SEC filings. AbbVie undertakes no obligation to release publicly any revisions to forward looking statements as a result of subsequent events or developments, except as required by law. On today's conference call, as in the past, non GAAP financial measures will be used to help investors understand AbbVie's ongoing business performance. These non GAAP financial measures are reconciled with comparable GAAP financial measures in our earnings release and regulatory filings from today, which can be found on our website. Following our prepared remarks, we'll take your questions. So with that, I'll turn the call over to Rick. Thank you, Liz. Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining us today. We delivered another strong quarter with results well ahead of our expectations, including adjusted earnings per share of 1.26 dollars representing growth of 16.7% versus the Q2 of 2015. Our results in the quarter included strong top line performance with global operational sales growth of 18%, reflecting robust growth from several products in our portfolio, including HUMIRA and IMBRUVICA among others. We're pleased with our outperformance in the quarter and progress year to date. We've driven outstanding commercial, operational and R and D execution, resulting in strong top and bottom line results. Based on our performance in the first half of the year, we're raising our full year 2016 EPS guidance to $4.73 to $4.83 on an adjusted basis, reflecting growth of 11.4 percent at the midpoint. As I mentioned, several products within our portfolio are driving robust growth. HUMIRA continues to drive strong performance, delivering global operational growth of more than 17% in the quarter. Despite increasing competition from new classes of drugs and indirect biosimilar competition in international markets, HUMIRA continues to demonstrate exceptional performance and durability across all three market segments. In rheumatology, HUMIRA is the number one prescribed biologic and we continue to grow our share position in the face of new competition. And in dermatology and gastro, HUMIRA continues to hold a strong market leadership position demonstrating double digit growth year over year. We also continue to be pleased with the strong IMBRUVICA performance, which is tracking in line to slightly ahead of our expectations following our approval for first line use in CLL. IMBRUVICA has achieved the number one market share position in all approved disease indications in second line and second line plus treatment. And since we received the FDA approval of IMBRUVICA as a first line treatment for CLL late in the first quarter, IMBRUVICA has already gained a market share position in first line in the mid teens and the 3rd position in the market. And this share continues to steadily increase with approximately 1 of every 6 patients now receiving IMBRUVICA as a frontline therapy, surpassing FCR, which is generally considered the gold standard for young and fit CLL patients. This market share and the strong momentum underlying its performance further reinforces our confidence in our long term expectations for IMBRUVICA that supported our decision to acquire Pharmacyclics last year. We also saw strong performance from several other products in our portfolio, including Duodopa, Creon and Lupron. Each of these therapies within our marketed product portfolio continue to deliver durable performance. Global Viquera sales in the 2nd quarter were $419,000,000 up 8.2% on an operational basis. Growth in the quarter was driven by our international business. In the U. S, as we described on our Q1 call, we have seen market share loss and some price erosion due to the entry of a new competitor into the HCV market. We are nearing the completion of our registrational studies for our next generation pan genotypic HCV combination. Based on the mid stage data we've disclosed to date, we believe that our new HCV combination will be highly competitive. The data illustrates that this therapy can deliver cure rates approaching 100% across genotypes. And we believe the majority of patients will be well served with an 8 week treatment option. We expect to see results from the pivotal studies in the second half and we remain on track for commercialization next year. In addition to our strong financial results, we've continued to advance our strategic priorities and have made excellent progress with our R and D pipeline. Mike will cover the pipeline in more detail in just a few moments, so I'll only mention a few highlights. Importantly, we successfully completed the acquisition of Stemcentrx. We've been impressed by the caliber of talent we've welcomed from Stemcentrx and the transition has been seamless. The addition of Stemcentrx is a strategically and financially compelling opportunity for our company, giving AbbVie a highly attractive platform for solid tumors and an extremely exciting late stage asset in RovaT. The transaction enables AbbVie to further expand and accelerate our presence in oncology, building upon our growing position in hematological oncology. We are moving rapidly to advance ROVA T in its lead indication, 3rd line small cell lung cancer, and we continue to feel confident about our 2017 BLA filing strategy and launch in 2018. We are also rapidly advancing studies to evaluate ROVATI in earlier lines of therapy for small cell lung cancer, including combination studies with both chemotherapy and immuno oncology agents. Earlier this week, we jointly announced a clinical collaboration with Bristol Myers Squibb to evaluate the combination of RovaT with BMS's immuno oncology agents in small cell lung cancer with trials beginning this year. We're pleased to be partnering with BMS to bring innovative new therapies forward that have the potential to significantly improve the survival of patients with small cell lung cancer, a disease with devastating outcomes. We've also continued to make significant progress with our hematological oncology portfolio. We're building upon our strong position with IMBRUVICA in treating blood cancers with VENCLEXTA. During the quarter, we received the 1st FDA approval for VENCLEXTA for patients with relapsed refractory CLL who harbor the 17p deletion, a difficult to treat form of the disease typically associated with poor prognosis. The approval for this transformative therapy was granted under breakthrough therapy and priority review designations and the launch is still in its early stages. Although this first indication is a relatively small patient population, it is important to provide patients with this difficult to treat disease, a new therapy with strong clinical results and it's also important to give physicians an opportunity to gain experience with the particular initial dosing regimen of VENCLEXTA to ensure patients receive the benefit of this therapy. We expect data from the Phase 3 study evaluating VENCLEXTA in a broader set of relapsed refractory CLL patients to read out next year, supporting our regulatory submission for an expanded label covering all relapsedrefractory CLL patients, a much larger population. Like IMBRUVICA, we believe that VENCLEXTA will be effective across a range of hematological malignancies with high unmet need And we're actively evaluating additional indications, including acute myeloid leukemia, non Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma among others. We also continue to make progress across other important areas of our pipeline. During the quarter, we presented positive results from a mid stage study of our anti IL-twenty three monoclonal antibody, rizikizumab, in patients with moderate to severe Crohn's disease. The pivotal program for rizikizumab is in psoriasis and it's underway and enrolling very well. And in partnership with Biogen, we recently received FDA and EC approval for ZYMBRITA for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. We plan to launch ZYMBRITA in the U. S. In August. In summary, we continue to be pleased with our strong execution and the significant advancements in our pipeline. As we outlined at our recent R and D Day, we have 8 late stage assets, which have been significantly derisked and have the potential to drive meaningful revenue growth in the years to come. We've continued to demonstrate an exceptional track record of success with positive clinical data and regulatory outcomes and strong commercial performance. We intend to build on this momentum to drive a high level of performance across our operations in the second half of the year. With that, I'll turn the call over to Mike for some additional comments on our R and D programs. Mike? Thank you, Rick. We had another very productive quarter from an R and D perspective with significant progress on several programs, including the FDA approval of VENCLEXTA for its first indication in patients with relapsed refractory CLL with a 17p deletion mutation, as well as the FDA and EMA approvals of Zimbryta for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. Today, I'll highlight additional updates and discuss some of the milestones we anticipate in the second half of twenty sixteen. I'll start with our oncology portfolio, an area where we are growing our already strong position in hematologic malignancies as well as establishing a strong foundation in solid tumors, which was significantly accelerated by our recent acquisition of Stemcentrx and its lead asset RovaT. At the ASCO meeting in early June, we presented data from a Phase 2 trial in small cell lung cancer that demonstrated that ROVATI monotherapy drove a 1 year survival rate of 32% in DLL3 positive patients, almost triple that of historical third line standard of care at 12%. In addition to the impressive 1 year survival, Rovatea showed the most compelling single agent activity in terms of overall response rate, clinical benefit rate and progression free survival in third line small cell lung cancer, the patient population where our first pivotal trial for registration is rapidly enrolling. The confirmatory third line registrational trial, which is called TRINITY, began in January and is expected to complete enrollment by the end of 2016, with commercialization expected in 2018. We're also quickly advancing ROVATEA into studies to support frontline treatment in small cell lung cancer in combination with chemotherapy. The first line development program includes a Phase onetwo regimen selection study that will be used to inform future Phase 3 pivotal trials evaluating various combinations of rova t and chemotherapy. The regimen selection study is expected to begin next quarter. The first line program also includes the MEHREU study, a Phase 3 registrational trial evaluating standard chemotherapy followed by ROVAT in the frontline setting. We expect to have this study up and running by the end of the year. We are also advancing an 8 arm basket study evaluating Rova T in a range of neuroendocrine tumors where DLL3 plays an important role. This study is on track to begin this quarter with data expected next year. Given that many of these tumor types have low survival rates and limited treatment options available, there may be an opportunity to explore single arm studies to support accelerated approval. As Rick mentioned earlier this week, we announced a clinical collaboration with BMS to evaluate the investigational combination of RovaT with Opdivo and with Opdivo and YER BOI in small cell lung cancer. We believe that combining RovaT with these checkpoint inhibitors could drive enhanced and sustained efficacy, above what that which either approach could offer individually. Preclinical evidence and biological rationale supports our prioritization of efforts to combine RovaT with I O agents. And we believe these combinations have the potential to establish a new standard of care. We expect to begin the Rova T IO combination study by the end of the year. In addition to Rova T, we've also continued to make progress with our pipeline assets targeting solid tumors. In particular, our PARP inhibitor, vilipparib, and ABT-four fourteen, an antibody drug conjugate for glioblastoma multiforma. We presented Phase 1 data for both of these assets at the recent ASCO meeting and anticipate data readouts from registration enabling studies for both programs over the next 12 months. We also continue to make good progress with our hematologic oncology portfolio. In the Q2, the FDA updated the IMBRUVICA label to include new data from 2 Phase 3 trials supporting expanded use in patients with CLL and SLL, including overall survival data from both the RESONATE-two and HELIOS trials. IMBRUVOC is also being evaluated in mid to late stage trials for several additional indications. With timing of data readouts and potential regulatory submissions dependent on event driven analyses of ongoing studies. In June, IMBRUVICA received breakthrough therapy designation as a potential treatment of chronic graft versus host disease after failure of 1 or more lines of systemic therapy, marking the drug's 4th breakthrough therapy designation. The FDA also granted IMBRUVICA orphan drug designation for the same condition. The breakthrough designation was based on clinical data from a Phase 2 study evaluating the safety and efficacy of IMBRUVICA for the treatment of patients with steroid dependent or refractory chronic GvHD. Our registrational study in graft versus host disease is underway with data expected late this year or early 2017. We've made significant progress with the development of another important strategic asset, our novel BCL-two inhibitor, VENCLEXTA, which is being developed in collaboration with Roche. VENCLEXTA was recently approved under priority review for first indication in patients with relapsed refractory CLL with 17p deletion. Earlier this year, VENCLEXTA also received the FDA's breakthrough therapy designation for use in combination with rituximab for the treatment of patients with relapsedrefractory CLL. The Phase 3 Murano trial, which will support a broader label in relapsedrefractory CLL is fully enrolled with data readout and regulatory submission anticipated in 2017. Additionally, we have an active Phase 3 program evaluating VENCLEXTA in treatment naive CLL patients with studies underway and progressing well. Like IMBRUVICA, we believe VENCLEXTA will be effective across a range of blood cancers, including AML and multiple myeloma. We recently started a Phase 3 program evaluating VENCLEXTA in combination with standard of care in multiple myeloma, and we anticipate moving forward with Phase 3 development in AML by the end of the year. In addition to the elements of the program I've described, we continue to be excited about the ongoing clinical evaluation of combinations of IMBRUVICA and VENCLEXTA, which we believe have the potential to drive profound responses and minimal residual disease negativity in a number of clinical settings. Now I'd like to turn our attention to the immunology portfolio, where we have 2 late stage assets, our anti IL-twenty three monoclonal antibody, risankizumab and our selective JAK1 inhibitor, ABT-four ninety four. Each of these assets has the potential to significantly advance standard of care in immune mediated conditions, such as RA, psoriasis and Crohn's disease covering the major market segments where we currently have a leadership position. ABT-four ninety four is currently in Phase 3 development for rheumatoid arthritis, where we are studying the asset in 6 pivotal trials. Our JAK inhibitor has the potential to be best in class with what we believe will be an optimized benefit risk profile. Our development strategy is aimed at delivering a comprehensive label to cover multiple lines of therapy from first line use in methotrexate naive patients to use in patients with inadequate response to biologics, where the highest unmet need remains in this market. Data from the ABT-four ninety four Phase 3 RA program is expected in the first half of twenty eighteen with commercialization targeted in 2019. We have also accelerated the development of this important asset in gastrointestinal disorders. Our Phase 2 study in Crohn's disease is well underway and data should be available internally later this year. This will enable a decision to advance to Phase 3 development by the Q1 of next year. You can expect to see the data from this Phase 2 Crohn study at DDW next year. In addition, we recently initiated a Phase 2 study in ulcerative colitis with data expected in 2018. Risankizumab is another strategically important late stage immunology asset. This anti IL-twenty 3 monoclonal antibody, which we licensed from Boehringer Ingelheim earlier this year, has the potential to be a transformative therapy by providing best in class efficacy with increased dosing convenience. Risankizumab is currently in Phase 3 psoriasis trials and in mid stage development for both Crohn's disease and psoriatic arthritis. Interest in the Phase 3 psoriasis program has been strong and enrollment is progressing very well. We continue to expect data from the registrational program in 2018. At the Digestive Disease Week meeting in May, we reported encouraging results from a Phase 2 study of risankizumab in patients with moderate to severe Crohn's disease, a particularly difficult to treat population, given that the majority of these patients had previously failed treatment with 1 or more TNF antagonists. Based on these strong results, we intend to move rapidly into Phase 3 studies in Crohn's disease with registration trials commencing later this year or early next year. Another technology that we believe holds great promise is our proprietary bispecific antibody platform. We've introduced a number of these assets into the clinic in both our immunology and oncology therapeutic areas. Based on our early stage studies, we've established proof of concept across several programs, demonstrating that these antibodies possess good drug like properties and deliver the desired pharmacodynamic effects. And we've learned how to successfully and consistently manufacture them. We recently evaluated data from one of our bispecific programs in development, ABT-one hundred and twenty two, our combination anti TNF and anti IL-seventeen in Phase 2 trials for RA and psoriatic arthritis. The data demonstrated that ABT-one hundred and twenty two was well tolerated with a safety profile that was comparable to HUMIRA. In the mid stage psoriatic arthritis and RA studies, ABT-one hundred and twenty two showed ACR20 response rates as high as 75% and 82% respectively, demonstrating that the platform worked well with clear evidence of biologic activity. However, the simultaneous inhibition of IL-seventeen and TNF alpha did not produce the strong synergistic effect necessary to differentiate ABT-one hundred and twenty two from other candidates in our pipeline, such as ABT-four ninety four and risankizumab. As a result, we have made the decision not to pursue further development of this asset. While in this particular setting, we didn't see the high level of differentiation we were seeking, the validation of the bispecific platform gives us confidence to continue to advance other programs with different mechanisms of action. Also in our immunology portfolio, we continue to make progress with vobiralizumab, an anti IL-six receptor nanomide being developed in collaboration with Ablynx for patients with moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis. Earlier this month, Ablynx announced positive top line results from a Phase 2 monotherapy study demonstrating that this asset improves symptoms of RA. We expect results from a second Phase 2 study evaluating use with methotrexate in the 3rd quarter, which will allow us to determine next steps for development of this asset. In the quarter, we also made significant progress in other key therapeutic areas and are on track to advance several programs in the second half of the year. In virology, our next generation HCV program is progressing well. Early in the quarter at the International Liver Congress, we presented new data on our pan genotypic once daily ribavirin free combination of ABT493 and ABT530 in patients with genotypes 1 through 6, including data on treatment durations as short as 8 weeks. The data illustrate that with 8 weeks of treatment, 97% 98% of genotype 1 through 3 patients without cirrhosis treated with AbbVie's next generation regimen achieved sustained virologic response at 12 weeks. Additionally, 100% of genotype 4 through 6 patients without cirrhosis achieved SVR12 with 12 weeks of treatment. Overall, we believe that AbbVie's next generation HCV therapy will be able to address the remaining unmet medical need within this market. We continue to expect to see results from the Phase 3 trials in the coming months and we remain on track for commercialization next year. And in the area of women's health, we are nearing completion of our Phase 3 endometriosis program with regulatory submission plan for 2017. Earlier this year, we announced positive top line results from the second of 2 replicate pivotal Phase 3 clinical trials evaluating elagolix in premenopausal women who suffer pain from endometriosis. The results show that after 6 months of continuous treatment, both doses of elagolix met the study's co primary end with elagolix reducing scores of menstrual pain and non menstrual pelvic pain at month 3 month 6. We plan to present detailed results from both Phase 3 studies, including extension study data up to 12 months at the American Society For Reproductive Medicine in October. And our Phase 3 studies in uterine fibroids are underway and progressing well. This program is investigating the effect of elagolix on heavy bleeding related to this highly prevalent condition. So in summary, we continue to make significant progress with our pipeline and are on track for further advancements in the remainder of 2016. We have a broad pipeline that includes more than 50 active clinical development programs, including more than 20 new products or indications in late stage development or under regulatory review. With that, I'll turn the call over to Bill for additional comments on our Q2 performance. Thanks, Mike. This morning, I'll review our Q2 performance and provide an update on our outlook for 2016, inclusive of the recently completed SemSpectrix transaction and the BI collaboration. We're very pleased with our strong second quarter results. In addition to delivering strong operational sales growth of 18%, we exceeded the midpoint of our adjusted earnings per share guidance range by 0 point 0 $6 and it delivered growth of nearly 17% over the Q2 of 20 15. As Rick mentioned, we continue to see strong momentum from HUMIRA with global sales of more than $4,100,000,000 up 17.7 percent operationally. In the U. S, HUMIRA sales increased nearly 27%. We continue to see mid teens prescription volume growth across the brand, fueled by robust demand in the room, derm and gastro market segments. In the quarter, we also saw a low single digit benefit on the growth rate as a result of customer buying patterns versus the prior year quarter. Channel inventory levels in both the Q2 of 20152016 were below half a month. International HUMIRA sales were more than $1,400,000,000 in the quarter, up 4% on an operational basis and exceeding our prior guidance of 3% operational growth for the quarter. Internationally, HUMIRA continues to maintain its strong market leadership position. We continue to see only modest overall market share gains for biosimilar REMICADE in major markets in line with our planning assumptions. And while still early in the launch, the Enbrel biosimilar continues to perform in line with our assumptions. Global IMBRUVICA net revenues were $439,000,000 in the quarter. U. S. Sales were $384,000,000 and our international profit sharing was $55,000,000 Global Vekira sales in the 2nd quarter were $419,000,000 This reflects weaker quarter over quarter sales in the U. S. Due to competitive dynamics offset by our performance in international markets. Global sales of Duodopa, our therapy for advanced Parkinson's disease grew nearly 29% on an operational basis in the quarter, continuing to grow by double digits internationally with a modest level of U. S. Sales as expected. We also saw strong operational sales growth in the quarter from both Creon and Lupron, which were up 13% and 11% respectively. As Rick noted, in the quarter we received approval for 2 new products VENCLEXTA and ZYMBRYTA. We launched VENCLEXTA early in the quarter in its initial indication for relapsedrefractory CLL patients with the 17p deletion, which represents a smaller addressable patient population in the U. S. We have begun a measured commercial rollout to ensure adequate physician training and we expect a modest level of VENCLEXTA sales for 2016. For ZYNBRITA, we plan to launch in the U. S. In August. Adjusted gross margin for the quarter was 81.9% of sales. On a comparative year over year basis, this ratio reflects an adverse impact from foreign exchange of roughly 3 20 basis points. In addition, the adjusted gross margin 160 basis points of unfavorable impact related to the Pharmacyclics acquisition, including the profit transfer for IMBRUVICA. Adjusting for these impacts, gross margin profile performance improved by approximately 140 basis points versus the prior year. Adjusted R and D was 15.5 percent of sales, reflecting funding actions supporting the pipeline as well as the impact of both STEMcentrx transaction and the BI collaboration. Adjusted SG and A was 22.2% of the sales in the 2nd quarter, down 290 basis points from the prior year. Adjusted operating margin was 43 point 9% of sales, down 30 basis points relative to the Q2 of 2015. Excluding the negative impact of foreign exchange the Pharmacyclics acquisition, operating margin profile performance improved 370 basis points versus the prior year. Net interest expense was $225,000,000 and the adjusted tax rate was 20.1% in the quarter. 2nd quarter adjusted earnings per share excluding non cash intangible amortization expense and specified items were $1.26 up 16.7% year over year. Moving on to our outlook for the remainder of the year. Based on our strong business performance year to date, we are raising our 2016 adjusted EPS guidance range to $4.73 to $4.83 reflecting adjusted EPS growth of 11.4% at the midpoint. This includes the previously communicated $0.28 of dilution related to the Stemcentrx acquisition and the BI collaboration. We are also updating our 2016 GAAP diluted EPS guidance range to $3.82 to $3.92 which includes $0.91 per share of non cash intangible asset amortization expense and other specified items including acquisition costs and accounting impacts associated with Stemcentrx and the BI collaboration. On the top line, we expect full year sales approaching $26,000,000,000 Foreign exchange dynamics have run favorable relative to our initial projections and we are now forecasting approximately 1% of negative top line impact from currency for the full year. Based on our strong performance year to date, we now expect U. S. HUMIRA operational sales growth of more than 20%. And we remain on track with our previously communicated full year guidance for International Humira with operational growth in the mid single digits. We now forecast an adjusted gross margin profile approaching 81% impacted by stronger performance of hedged currencies in 2016. The gross margin profile also reflects 130 basis points of impact related to the Pharmacyclics acquisition. Excluding this and the year over year exchange impacts, the gross margin profile is expected to improve relative to 2015 by roughly 190 basis points. We are now forecasting R and D expense of more than 16% of sales, reflecting our increased R and D investments related to the Stemcentrx acquisition and the BI collaboration. And we expect SG and A to run at approximately 23% of sales. We now forecast an adjusted operating margin profile approaching 42% on a full year basis. We remain committed to delivering on our 2020 targeted operating margin forecast of above 50% of sales. We are now forecasting net interest expense of approximately $925,000,000 for the full year above our original guidance of approximately 800,000,000 dollars as a result of the debt we issued for the Stemcentrx acquisition. And we expect an adjusted tax rate in the 20% to 21% range in 2016. Regarding the Q3, we expect adjusted earnings per share of $1.18 to 1.20 dollars This excludes roughly $0.16 of specified items and non cash amortization and includes the dilutive impact of Semcentrx and the BI collaboration. We are expecting high single digit operational sales growth excluding a modest negative foreign exchange impact in the quarter. So in conclusion, we are very pleased with our performance in the quarter as we've driven strong top and bottom line growth while also advancing on our strategic priorities and our pipeline. This puts us in a strong position to continue delivering industry leading growth this year. And with that, I'll turn the call back over to Liz. Thanks, Bill. We'll now open the call for questions. Operator, we'll take the first question. Thank you. The first question comes from the line of Jeff Holford of Jefferies. Sir, your line now is open. Thanks very much. I'll start with a question for Rick, please. So, Rick, there's clearly substantial track value in the company because of the uncertainty for investors around HUMIRA. And you've made positive steps to deal with this through building new growth drivers through R and D, aggressive business development, as well as making clear your long term expectations regarding HUMIRA. Even so, despite great quarters like today, we're still seeing the shares trade at a substantial discount to peers. So is there anything else except for discussion in terms of how you can unlock the track value in the company, whether it's through different capital allocation, separation of the oncology platform given the valuations they can carry these days or anything else? 2nd then for Mike, I wonder, what does your collaboration with Bristol on Rovativei tell you about what they are thinking regarding the positioning of their Opdivo, Yervoy combination in small cell lung cancer? And then last maybe for Rick again. We're expecting that you'll be in place by Q4 to initiate patent litigation against Amgen and it will be beyond just the dosing and formulation patents that have been more widely discussed to date. Are those still reasonable expectations and do you think investors will be reassured when we see what other patents Amgen has agreed that they are potentially infringing out of the patent downs? Thank you. Okay. So Jeff, this is Rick. I'll cover the first and third one and then I'll have Mike cover the other one. So on the untrapped value, what I would tell you is that if you look at RPE, I think what you've seen and if you look at the range of companies in our peer group, there are obviously companies that have a much lower PE for a variety set of reasons and there are companies where the have higher PEs and the median PE is certainly above where we are. So there's certainly a level of overhang that's associated with the biosimilar uncertainty around HUMIRA. And I think what we have laid out for investors is a clear strategy that we put in place starting back in 2013 of how we were going to deal with that. Ultimately, we have a large portfolio of IP around HUMIRA and we certainly expect that to be able to protect the asset as we've described back in October. We have now added to the portfolio 2 fundamentally differentiated new assets in 494 and risankizumab and you're seeing some of that data play out. So that we fundamentally believe that those will allow us to ultimately be able to grow through what will obviously be at some point a biosimilar impact both internationally as well as in the U. S. And then we've spent a considerable amount of time building a robust pipeline that we've shown at our R and D Day and at other events that has the ability to be able to ultimately generate a very significant revenue opportunity that would allow us to grow through even the most bearish impact that's out there from an analyst standpoint around biosimilars. So I think we've done the things that we think are important to be able to communicate and then ultimately build a strategy to be able to drive the business from a growth perspective because that was the charter that we set for the company when we launched. And I think we've demonstrated that we're capable of doing that. I think it will take some time for the litigation strategies to play out and for investors to continue to gain confidence. Having said that, we constantly look at different kinds of alternatives that we think truly are value enhancing to shareholders, but also value enhancing to the business itself. And we'll explore all of those in time to determine whether or not they make sense. I mean, I think if anything, we've probably been on the proactive side of going out and building new growth platforms and other kinds of things to be able to sustain the business going forward. And we have seen the PE improve and we would certainly expect that it will continue to improve. I mean, if you look at our performance, both currently as well as going forward as we projected it in our LRP, we will perform in the top tier of our peer groups and we would expect that we'll start to see the PE reflect that to a greater extent going forward as the litigation strategy plays out more. On the third question, and I'm sure there will be other questions around the litigation and I'll apologize in advance that this won't be a very satisfying answer for you, but it certainly I think you'll understand why. We're now in the very active phase of litigation around HUMIRA Biosimilars. And therefore, we're not in a position where we're going to be able to provide a lot of color and we're certainly not in a position where we can do this play by play strategy of how we're going to deal with every aspect of it. That just wouldn't be a smart thing for us to do. What I can reiterate is this, back in October, we outlined in detail the extensive portfolio of IP that we have for HUMIRA and our confidence in that IP and it goes beyond any one single patent. And I can tell you we remain confident in that IP portfolio and we've made it very clear that we intend to vigorously defend all of our IP against anyone that potentially infringes it. And so that process will play out. So as I said, it's just not prudent for us now in this phase to ultimately lay out in detail the play by play. And so we're just not in a position to be able to do that. Okay. So this is Mike. I'll take the question about the BMS collaboration. So I think that, first of all, we're very fortunate that after many years, without much progress in the treatment of small cell lung cancer, there are very promising mechanisms coming forward, our own Rubitie, as well as the data that have been presented recently in immuno oncology. And I think that offers real benefit for patients downstream. What I would say about the way the 2 companies are thinking about these assets, I think that the speed with which the deal came together really speaks for itself. And that collaboration would not have been possible in when one is thinking about the treatment of patients with small cell lung cancer, there are a couple of treatment goals. The first is that one needs to get disease control because these patients present very ill with very rapidly progressing disease. And ROVATI has shown in its Phase 2 studies that it can do that and it can do that with a defined course of therapy. We also believe that the data strongly support that the responses with ROVATE will be durable. Now when one thinks about other treatment goals, it would be desirable to have long term surveillance on board after one achieves that initial strong and durable disease control. And we believe that IO agents can play a real role there. And so the collaboration with Bristol will test this, and we believe, will provide very exciting data, for patients with small cell lung cancer in the future. Thank you. Thanks, Jeff. Operator, next question please. Next question is from Jamie Rubin of Goldman Sachs. Your line now is open. Hi, can you hear me? I assume you can hear me. Anyway, I have a couple of questions. First on the outlook for hep C. Rick, I think you had said earlier, obviously, Vykera underperformed in the U. S, outperformed internationally. But how are you thinking about the opportunity for next generation hep C, given what clearly has been a more challenging pricing environment. And I'm just wondering if you still stand by your $3,000,000,000 forecast. And secondly, on Semcentrx, when do the next two assets for Stemcentrx enter the clinic? Is that this year and for which indications? And wondering what we will see potentially at ESMO. And Michael, just maybe if you can explain, I'm still getting a lot of pushback from investors who are unclear about the value of Roviti, just given that the response rate that we saw at ASCO was a bit lower than what we saw at World Long, I think creating question marks around the durability of response. Thanks very much. Okay, Jamie, this is Rick. I'll take the Hep C question that you had. Certainly, we as we said in the Q1 call, we have seen an impact of the new entrant into the marketplace. I'd say we've seen it primarily in the public channels, particularly I'd say the VA. And it really boiled down to a pricing strategy. And ultimately, we decided that we were not going to match the lowest price, the 8 week price that was out into the marketplace. And therefore, we lost a significant amount of share. I mean, at our peak, we probably had close to 40% share and now we have share that's more down in the single digit range. So I'd say that's the vast majority of the impact that we've seen. There has been some price impact also that played through, but the greater impact is clearly share loss in that public channel primarily. And so as we look forward to next generation, I think as we look at the profile of that asset, obviously from a clinical performance standpoint, it is everything we would have hoped it would be based on the data that we've seen so far. I think it will be a highly competitive asset. It will also provide because it is pan genotypic, an opportunity to be able to bridge across all of the genotypes and in particular in the United States genotype 2 and 3, where Sovaldi essentially had a strong position in the marketplace. And so this will even that playing field. So we fundamentally believe that next generation will allow us an opportunity to be able to grow our share. If you look outside the United States as an example and you look in countries where there is predominantly a 1b population, but even in some countries where there's a significant 1a population, Our market shares in most of those countries are in, I'd say, on the low end 30%, on the high end, sometimes as high as 70%. So we compete very well and the profile of 1B is certainly much more of a competitive profile to the alternatives that are available outside the United States. And so I think it gives you an idea of our ability to be able to perform in those gain share in those marketplaces. Your $3,000,000,000 you're probably going back to the first prediction. And I think we anticipate that we would get back into that range, but I'm going out of the business of predicting HCV at this point. I think what I would say is despite the impact that we've seen in the U. S. From a share standpoint, I think it shows you how fundamentally strong the overall business is, because we've taken a fairly substantial hit in the U. S. On HCV, but yet we continue to perform at a very high level and offset all of that impact and are now raising guidance on top of that. So the balance of our entire business and in particular I'd say HUMIRA and IMBRUVICA right now gives us the ability to be able to do that. And so we're not dependent upon that single asset performing at a certain level. Mike? Okay. So with respect to the Stemcentrx questions, ROVITI, the objective response data for ROVITI have been very consistent in our view across the various reports over the last several months. And they've ranged from about 39% into the mid-forty percent range. And that really just relates to the cut of the data, whether one is using initial investigator reports or subsequent adjudicated assessments of objective response and doesn't bear on durability of those responses in any way. And the objective response rate and importantly, the clinical benefit rate have both remained very high. The 1 year survival has also been very consistent in the 30 plus percent range across the data cuts, which gives us a very good feel for the durability of those responses. And in this heavily pretreated patient population, the best estimate, the most rigorous, but also the highest estimate of 1 year survival is about 12%. And in many cases, it may actually be lower than that. And so that 30% number we view as very important. So we don't see anything concerning with respect to the durability of the responses with Rova T. So with respect to the remainder of the Stemcentrx pipeline, there are actually 5 programs in the clinic now. One of those is Roviti. 2 are the Pfizer partnered programs, BTK7 and FRNA4. And then there are 2 other programs in the clinic for solid tumor indications, but we haven't disclosed those targets or the particular tumors of interest at this point in time. In addition to those 5, there are 5 additional assets that will enter the clinic over the next 12 to 18 months, so by the end of 2017. And the areas of initial interest when one looks at the tumors that we're treating today will obviously be small cell. There's also a focus on ovarian cancer and triple negative breast cancer among others. Thanks, Jamie. Operator, we'll take the question. Thank you. The next question is from Chris Schott of JPMorgan. Your line now is open. Great. Thanks very much for the questions. First one is just can you elaborate a little bit more on biosimilar dynamics in Europe? Now we've had some additional experience with both REMICADE and early with Enbrel. Just how are volume and price dynamics shaping up there and then the impact to HUMIRA? 2nd was on HUMIRA and maybe the Durham business. Sounds like very strong performance in the quarter, but the environment overall seems to be getting more competitive here with the IL-seventeen seeing some nice uptake. Are you seeing any impact to the business from these competitors? And just how do you think about the outlook for that part of the franchise over time? Thanks very much. Okay, great. Chris, this is Rick. So I'll cover those. So let me start with the biosimilar impact because as you said, we've seen biosimilars certainly with the REMICADE biosimilar in the market for quite some time and now we're in the early phases of the launch of Ambrell biosimilars in the particularly in the European areas. So if you look at REMICADE, there are REMICADE biosimilars now in roughly 60 plus countries, like 62 countries, about 50 of those, a little more than 50 of those have pricing and reimbursement, so they're actively involved in marketing the product in those countries. If we've studied it very carefully, if you look at the overall share of biosimilars, it's less than 5%. It's about 4.5%. If you look at their share of REMICADE, it's about 20%, 22%, something like that. It varies a lot. So I'd say it's very high in tender based countries like Norway, Denmark, Poland as an example, very high market share in those. If you go more into the traditional Western European markets, more like in the 20% to 25% share of the REMICADE market. And the discounting has played out to basically range in the tender countries fairly high. I'd say that 50% to 70% kind of range from a discounting standpoint and the rest of the market probably in that 30% to 40% kind of range. It hasn't had any impact on us at all. REMICADE, because it's an infusion product in most of those countries, doesn't compete in the same space that we compete in. So then you move over to Enbrel. So Enbrel is approved now. The Enbrel biosimilars are approved in about 32 countries. There's pricing and reimbursement in about a third of those countries right now. We've seen much lower discounting than what we expected, I'd say. It ranges from as little as low single digit discounting to maybe up in the 30% to 35% range in non tender countries and kind of the high 30s to high 50s in the tender countries. Again, it's playing out similar to the way we saw the REMICADE biosimilars. So in the tender countries, they are having higher share like the Norways and the Denmark, Germany, Sweden, single digit kind of share. So really no substantial market share impact, but it's too early in the process for us to see that. I'd say the strategy that we anticipated and the one we put in place seems to be working well, but it's the early rounds. And you can see it in the performance of the business. You can see HUMIRA's continuing to grow in the international markets. And as you back out the Venezuela impact, you can see that it's actually growing in the 6% or so range, 6.2% range. And so we are continuing to see good strong growth in those markets. And so I'd say the early rounds are working like we had anticipated they would and but we need to give it some more time and see how it plays out. But it's a good opportunity for us to see how our strategy is working and be able to modify that strategy. So that's essentially the biosimilar impact that we see, nothing different than what we had expected. Now let me move over to derm and the impact on 2017s. I'd say overall we're very happy with our performance in the derm space. So if you look at the U. S, I'll talk specifically about the U. S, we've seen TRxs grow, in fact accelerate over the course of time. I mean, if you go back to the early part of 2015 or even look at the average across 2015, we had got a low double digit TRx growth in 1st and second quarter that's accelerated to like 17% or 18% TRx growth in Durham. And so we're seeing nice strong growth in that segment of the market. If you look at our revenue, a very similar kind of profile. We had strong double digit growth and now it's accelerated fairly dramatically, probably about 10 to 15 points above what it had been running at. If you look at market share, our overall market share is pretty stable to maybe slightly down 1.5% or so. As we analyze it, it is really driven extensively by the Otezla experience where we're seeing a lot more patients, particularly moderate and sometimes mild patients coming into the category. So therefore, the category is growing faster. And so that dilutes our market share position. When we pull Otezla out and we look at our market share, our market share looks relatively stable. In particular, if you look at PSA, our overall share has been stable in the U. S. At about 32%. If you look at room PSA, it's actually increased about 3 points, which is the larger part of the PSA market. It's about 75% of the overall PSA market. And even the ASPSA has increased about 2 points. Psoriasis, as I said, it's down about 1.5 to 2 points in total, but more driven by Otezla. So overall, we feel very good about how the business is performing across all the indications, but certainly in derm as well. Thanks, Chris. Operator, we'll take the next question. Next question is from Marc Goodman of UBS. Your line is open. Yes. I was hoping you could give us a flavor for managed care coverage for the key products for 2017, I mean, obviously, specifically HUMIRA. And then can you just give us an update on how you're thinking about Angiogen these days? Thanks. Well, Managed Care, I mean, we're in really the thick of the negotiations for the 2017 2018 timeframe. So I'm not necessarily going to talk about a lot of specifics because we're in active negotiations on a number of those HUMIRA has typically had a very, very strong position on managed care and we're not anticipating anything different going forward. But it would be premature to basically talk about a lot of specifics around the contracting. But I'd say we feel good about how it is sorting out. On AndroGel, I guess I'm trying to better understand your question. Are you thinking more about follow on products? Or are you thinking about the durability of it? Yes, both. Yes. Well, we don't necessarily have a follow on product. We had some programs that we had been working on and that we ultimately decided to stop. And so it will be running this franchise out. We're treating it as a typical LOE kind of an asset. And it's performing better than what we had expected. But ultimately, there will come a time where it will suffer more impact from generic competition. And so we're basically dealing with it as we would deal with most assets, smaller molecule kind of asset LOEs where we take a large part of the cost out of the product and manage it for maximum profitability. And Mark, we do continue to see market shrinkage. We've been very pleased with the way that the share has hung in there. And obviously, it's been a nice story this year, but we got to watch how this thing plays out as the LOE dynamics proceed. Thanks, Mark. Operator, we'll take the next question. Next question is Andrew Baum of Citi. Your line is open. Thank you. You've obviously done 2 very substantial deals within the oncology segment with Pharmacyclics and Stemcentrx. Could you just outline what your appetite is and how you see your oncology franchise broadening out over the next few years? Is it now pausing to integrate the 2 transactions and set up the trial programs you need? Or is the appetite still there and you see additional opportunities to address other facets of oncology? Yes, Andrew, this is Rick. So I'll cover that and maybe Mike can jump in on some specifics. When we went into when we made the decision that the core growth future growth franchise on top of immunology was going to be oncology. We made a decision that we would invest in a way to try to build leadership positions in certain areas where we thought we had core competencies that were complementary to being able to perform in those areas. So specifically, we started with hematological oncology based on the assets that we had internally as well as the opportunity that existed with Pharmacyclics. And our goal was to basically build a position where we thought we could drive to a leadership position within that category. So if you look at the assets we have today, including IMBRUVICA and where we think VENCLEXTA will be able to expand to, it would tell us that we should have an opportunity to be able to bring forward innovative therapies in roughly 65 percent of the overall market in hematological malignancies. And I'd say that that's an area where we feel comfortable with what we have. Now having said that, if we found unique opportunities, I'd say particularly in the acute leukemia side, assets or technologies or a drug that we thought was particularly attractive in an area where we didn't think we had a strong asset already, certainly, we would pursue that kind of an asset. But I'd say from a platform standpoint, we feel very good about what we have in hematological malignancies, both internally as well as the addition of Pharmacyclics that we did a year or so ago. On the solid tumor side, as we've said before about Stemcentrx, one of the things that was attractive to us is we have a number of efforts internally to be able to identify new targets. And so we have an effort internally to be able to do that. We obviously have a collaboration with Calico and part of the work that they're doing is to identify new oncology targets. But we wanted a more fundamental base platform for solid tumors. And one of the things that attracted us to Stemcentrx is we believe they have that. And we're excited about that opportunity. And Mike talked earlier about the number of candidates that will be moving out of that platform. And I think it's impressive what they've accomplished. And so that has built what we fundamentally believe will be the core platform for us in solid tumors in addition to what we already have. We certainly continue to look for again now more individual kinds of technology plays or assets that might be complementary to that, but we're not looking another big platform. I don't know, Mike, would you want to add anything? I agree with that, certainly. When we look at what we've built in terms of the hematological malignancies platform, I think we have the assets we need to drive standard of care, not only in the short term, but also in the longer term. And then when one considers what we built on the solid tumor side, both internally through Stemcentrx and through our partnership with Calico, we feel good about the pipeline opportunities that we'll be able to bring forward over the course of the next several years. We'll always keep our eyes open, particularly for earlier technologies, earlier programs, things that can lead to those efforts, but we feel good about the engine we've built. Thank you. Thanks, Andrew. Operator, we'll take the next question please. Next question is from Mark Schoenbaum of Evercore. Your line now is open. Sorry about that guys. I always have trouble picking up my phone this week. I had a couple of questions. The first is related to Algolix. There are competitors on the horizon. You're well ahead. There is a drug out there, I think, from Takeda that's been licensed to be developed in the U. S. And owners of that drug say it's better than alagolix because it's QD once a day and it's more potent. And most importantly, you can co formulate it with add back. So I'd love for you to give us your view on add back. Is that is it attractive to have a co formulation that you guys add a disadvantage or not? And then the other question I had was kind of an off the rails question, but I know Henry joined you guys a while back and a lot of people on the street say great things about him. I'm just wondering will he ever be investor facing? Thank you. Okay. So Mark, this is Rick. And I'd say we feel very good about Henry. I'll talk myself. Specifically, I feel very good about having Henry as part of the leadership team. And certainly, I mean, over time, I think we will bring Henry in. It will be most relevant when we're talking about those kinds of areas where he has direct responsibility for. But Henry has already become an integral part of the leadership team and has contributed significantly. So Mike, do you want to cover elagolix? Certainly. So with respect to elagolix, as you pointed out, Mark, we have substantial lead having completed our 2 pivotal Phase 3 studies and already being in the process of collecting longer term data that are necessary to define benefit risk. And we think that is a real advantage for our program and one that we're going to continue to drive as we drive forward, for example, with the add back program to further enhance the understanding of how we can use elagolix to treat endometriosis and uterine fibroids. With respect to some of the issues you brought up on competitive programs, we don't really view potency as a primary driver here. In fact, the most potent agent in this axis is Lupron and the problem is in fact the degree to which that shuts down the axis. We're trying to achieve a fine titration of dose and we believe alcolytics has the properties to allow us to do that. With respect to co formulation with add back, there is nothing that would prevent us from co formulating with add back as well. And we believe over time there may be a number of strategies that could be used to protect bone and so we'll have flexibility to employ many different strategies. So we feel very good about the position of elagolix. We think it's an important treatment option and we think that it's going to make a real impact on endometriosis. With respect to relative advantages of a Q day formulation, I think that again depends on the dose one ultimately selects. And I think when we look at the overall profile of alagolix, we remain convinced that it's very strong. Can I say one more thing? Sorry, yes, it wasn't for Buzz Muina. Hey, just one and one shout out to Liz. Congrats on getting the IR seat. Thanks for all the help. She's doing great. Thanks, Mark. Operator, we'll take the next question. Next question is from Vamil Divan of Credit Suisse. Your line now is open. Great. Thanks so much for taking the question. So maybe 2, you touched on this a little bit at your R and D Day business around multiple myeloma and some of the work you guys are doing there and you touched a little bit on vincalexant moving that one in there. A little bit more just thoughts around that given such a competitive space and what you see as the advantages of moving into there? And then, the other one, which you didn't touch much on at the R and D Day and I think it's overlooked a little bit is valuperib. There have been a lot of discussions around the PARPs recently. Just curious if you can kind of maybe refresh us on sort of what you view the competitive advantages that you may hold or where that's going to sort of fit in relative to the other parts that are in either on the market or in development? Thanks. Okay. So the first part of the question related to multiple myeloma and we have the potential to pursue myeloma with a number of assets in our portfolio. VENCLEXTA has clear potential there and we're advancing that program rapidly as we mentioned during our opening remarks. IMBRUVICA also has potential as to a number of the molecules in our pipeline. It is a competitive space. 1 can prolong survival to a much greater extent today than was possible a decade ago. But we still don't have curative therapies. Patients ultimately fail therapy and progress, which means that we need new mechanisms that aren't cross reactive that provide durable disease control. And we think we have a number of those in our pipeline. So we're aware of the competition certainly, but we think we have therapies that will further the standard of care in that disease and we'll be driving clinical programs forward to demonstrate that. With respect to valiperib, so valiperib is a molecule that is important part of our overall oncology efforts. It's Phase 3 studies across a range of tumor indications. We have a bit of a different hypothesis around the way voleprobe should be used than perhaps some of the others who are developing PARPs. We are not focused solely on the use in patients with germline BRCA mutations or other HRD deficient tumors. We are exploring the hypothesis in our Phase 3 program that PARP can augment DNA damage in chemotherapy, essentially that the first hit doesn't have to come from a genetic hit. It can come from a therapeutic hit that is DNA damaging, which would increase the importance of DNA repair mechanisms. That hypothesis is being tested in a range of Phase 3 programs, in non small cell lung cancer, in breast cancer and in ovarian cancer. And those studies will start to read out in 2017. We'll have a number of important data readouts, which will tell us the role that PARP can play there. So we haven't focused on it as much in recent Investor Days, and that's largely because it is in a quiet period where the studies are up and running. We're generating the results, but you'll hear a lot more about PARP in 2017. Thanks, Vamil. Operator, we'll take the next question, please. Next question is from David Risinger, Morgan Stanley. Your line is open. Thanks very much. I have two questions. First, with respect to payers, they're starting to talk about trying to contract for individual indications. And obviously, one area they might be thinking about is alternatives to Humira for certain indications from new drugs that have essentially better profiles than Humira in certain indications. Could you just comment on your perspective on contracting for individual indications in autoimmune disease? And then second, Rick, I was hoping that you could provide a little bit more detail on the sort of timing and specifics surrounding the patent litigation steps. So obviously, you're not going to comment on individual patents or individual patent strategies. But as I understand it, there will be immediately after Amgen gets approval of its biosimilar, immediately after that occurs, there will be a wave of patent litigation that kicks in. And I was just hoping that you could provide a little bit more perspective on how investors should think about that and what they should be expecting. Thank you. Yes. So, this is Rick. So let me start with the payer question that you had. Indication based pricing, I think, first evolved primarily in the oncology space. And it was driven, I think, by certain efforts to say, you'll have an oncology agent that has very strong efficacy in a certain disease and might have significantly lower efficacy in another disease and why would I pay the same for this strong efficacy as I would for relatively modest efficacy. I think that was how the concept originally evolved. As we look at HUMIRA and we look across all of the major indications at least, with every single indication, there's obviously some variation between the competitive profiles. But I'd say, in general, HUMIRA tends to perform across those broad set of indications in the top tier. And so, that is how we view it. So, indication based pricing wouldn't be something that we think is very applicable for this specific asset in this particular class. And we haven't seen it take off much prior to this and we'll have to see how it plays out over time. Again, on the time there are a lot it may sound to you like it's a fairly innocent issue around timing and the steps and what should play out. But I would tell you, it's not that from a litigation standpoint. And so I'm just going to need to take the same position I did before. We're not in a position to be able to give you a lot more color. Certainly, we've made it clear what our position is going to be and I think that will become clear as the steps play out. But I can't give you a whole lot of color on the timing or what the alternatives would be. Thanks, David. Thank you very much. Operator, we have time for one last question. Okay. The last question is from Gregg Gilbert of Deutsche Bank. Your line now is open. Thanks. I want to go back to Bill's comments on HUMIRA growth from the beginning. Clearly, prescription growth has been very robust, but you're also enjoying a really nice pricing tailwind. And I think the net price benefit you saw in the U. S. Was about 10%, which required I think percent plus list price increase over the year ago period. So I'm curious how you would expect that dynamic to play out both list price increase magnitude and frequency going forward, the ability to realize net price and how you're thinking about that? It seems like a very robust high set of numbers for such a big product. And lastly, Bill, since we don't have a 10 Q, perhaps you could provide cash flow from ops and receivables, if you have those handy, would appreciate that. Thank you. Sure. Greg, I think probably the best thing to do is dissect the U. S. Number on the quarter for you. And I think that will give you some a good sense of the overall dynamics of the brand. And then I'll back up and talk a little bit about the business in general. Obviously, the brand is performing very, very well in the U. S. We grew at 26.7% in the Q. Script trends, the way we see them, we're in the mid teens for the quarter. Our price was up, it was actually up in the single digits. And then as we as I said in my comments, we did see a modest impact from differences in customer order patterns. Again, we run this business at less than half a month inventory, but it gets a little tough to call at various times and we did see a little bit of demand differences between the queue. We had a little bit lower inventories in the Q2 of 2015 relative to 2016. So, yes, I think the way you got to think about this is mid teens growth from script and single digit price. And when you add those up, you can pretty much get to the 20% number that we've guided to. From an overall price standpoint, look, I would say if you back up and look at our growth on the quarter of 18%, the majority was volume. Across the total book of business, we had a price impact of less than 4%. So the strategy that we've actually employed for the business and certainly with our new products launching is this is going to be a product company that's fueled by volume and not price. Obviously price, we do have an opportunity in certain markets to take it, but I would not say this is a company that is heavily dependent on price. And then as we look out over the LRP, we tend to scale down our price expectations in the U. S. Because we think that's the prudent way to model. Okay. And the only thing I'd add is on the inventory discussion that Bill had, it's important to keep in perspective both periods were under a half a month. But even relatively small variations in a day here or a day there can have some impact on the growth rate. So what Bill was describing is that the prior period had an inventory level that was below 0.5, right? But it was lower than what the inventory level was this period, which was also below 0.5. From a cash flow and receivable standpoint, again, we're still working on the Q. So I'm not going to go specifics there other than to say that cash flow remains very robust. And frankly, from a receivable standpoint, we're collecting fines. But I can't give you specifics at this point in time. Thank you. Thanks, Greg. And that concludes today's conference call. If you'd like to listen to a replay of the call, please visit our website atabbeyinvestor.com. Thanks again for joining us. Thank you, speakers. And that concludes today's conference call. Thank you all for joining. You may now disconnect.