Good day, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to ACADIA Pharmaceuticals' f irst quarter 2019 financial results conference call. My name is Shannon, and I will be your coordinator for today. At this time, all participants are in listen-only mode. We will be facilitating a question and answer session towards the end of today's call. If at any time during the call you require assistance, please press star followed by zero, and a coordinator will be happy to assist you. I would now like to turn the presentation over to Mark Johnson, Vice President of Investor Relations at ACADIA. Please proceed.
Thank you, Shannon. Good afternoon, and thank you for joining us on today's call to discuss ACADIA's first quarter 2019 financial results. Joining me on the call today from ACADIA are Steve Davis, our Chief Executive Officer, who will provide a brief overview of our strategy, recent achievements, pipeline opportunities, and financial performance. Michael Yang, our Chief Commercial Officer, will provide updates on our commercial initiatives with NUPLAZID. Serge Stankovic, our President, will discuss our pipeline progress, and Elena Ridloff, our Chief Financial Officer, will discuss our financial results before turning it back to Steve for his final remarks and opening the call up for questions. I would also like to point out that we are using supplement slides which are available on the events and presentations section of our website.
Before we proceed, I would first like to remind you that during our call today, we'll be making a number of forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements, including goals, expectations, plans, prospects, growth potential, timing of events or future results, are based on current information, assumptions, and expectations that are inherently subject to change and involve a number of risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially. These factors and other risks associated with our business can be found in our filings made with the SEC. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements which are made only as of today's date. I'll now turn the call over to Steve Davis, our Chief Executive Officer.
Thank you, Mark. Good afternoon, everyone, and thank you for joining us today. During April, we at ACADIA were proud to honor Parkinson's Awareness Month. This was an important opportunity for our employees to share their commitment to Parkinson's disease patients and caregivers whom we aim to serve every day. Many at ACADIA participated in awareness and charity walks alongside patients and their caregivers. In addition, we collaborated and pledged our support to several Parkinson's patient advocacy organizations across the country to help make educational events possible year-round and not just during April. Please turn to slide six. We commenced 2019 with significant momentum executing on all three of our strategic pillars. First, we continue to grow the sales of NUPLAZID as the only FDA-approved treatment for patients with Parkinson's disease psychosis.
Second, we continue to leverage the potential of pimavanserin in additional indications with high unmet need. Third, we continue to explore multiple opportunities to expand our pipeline through disciplined business development to achieve our long-term vision in CNS. Let's review our first quarter progress on slide seven. We are extremely pleased with our team's efforts this quarter, driving our strong sales performance. In the first quarter, NUPLAZID achieved $63 million in net sales, a 29% year-over-year increase. Based on our execution and the growth of NUPLAZID in the first quarter, we have raised the lower end of our revenue guidance and now forecast 2019 net sales to be between $280 million and $300 million. On the clinical development front, I'm pleased to announce that we recently completed enrollment in both of our late-stage schizophrenia studies.
In our ENHANCE study, we're evaluating pimavanserin as an adjunct treatment in schizophrenia patients with an inadequate response, and we expect to report top-line data mid-year. Our ADVANCE study is evaluating pimavanserin as an adjunct treatment in schizophrenia patients with prominent negative symptoms, and we now anticipate reporting top-line results sooner than expected. We should have results from this study around the end of this year. I'm also thrilled to announce that we've recently initiated our phase III CLARITY program evaluating pimavanserin as an adjunctive treatment for major depressive disorder. Finally, we expect to initiate our phase III program evaluating trofinetide as a treatment for Rett syndrome in the fourth quarter of this year. With that, I will now turn it over to Michael to discuss our commercial performance.
Thank you, Steve. Please turn to slide nine. Today, I would like to provide you with an update on the progress we are making in delivering continued growth of NUPLAZID. This has been the result of our execution of our key commercial initiatives to establish NUPLAZID as a treatment of choice in the management of PD psychosis, and we are pleased with the response we've seen from physicians, patients, and their caregivers. We have successfully completed our transition to the 34 mg capsule in the first quarter and have stopped selling the 17 mg tablets. We believe this will result in a more positive patient experience. NUPLAZID new patient starts in both the specialty pharmacy and the specialty distribution channels of our business continue to grow throughout the quarter.
We believe this growth was due to the awareness built by our DTC campaign showing the potential positive benefits of NUPLAZID as a treatment for PDP patients. In February, we pointed out that the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society published their updated treatment recommendations for PD psychosis, which included pimavanserin as the only medication listed as efficacious and clinically useful. Our team started educating about these recommendations in the first quarter, which served as important peer-reviewed guidance on the appropriate care for patients with PD psychosis. Physicians have told us that this guidance is useful to help support their treatment recommendations. Turning to slide 10, as you can see, we have established a solid growth trajectory in 2019.
We believe this reflects our continued growth in new patient starts and continued expansion of our prescriber base, driven by the response to our DTC campaign and our customer-facing field force. Importantly, we continue to see more and more physicians use NUPLAZID as first-line treatment for PDP. For the overall business, we achieved sequential volume growth of approximately 6.5% in the first quarter. We are especially pleased with the response to our long-term care-specific commercial initiatives, which delivered a higher growth rate in long-term care this quarter. We continue to receive feedback from the community about the positive experiences patients and their caregivers are having with NUPLAZID. We estimate that over 125,000 patients received treatment for PDP, and we intend to continue to grow our market share in this population.
The current growth supports our confidence in our updated 2019 guidance and the long-term opportunity for NUPLAZID in PD psychosis. I'll now turn it over to Serge to provide R&D updates on our pipeline.
Thank you, Michael. Today, I look forward to sharing some exciting updates regarding our R&D progress. Let's start with slide 12. Pimavanserin is first-in-class serotonin inverse agonist. All other antipsychotics work primarily by blocking dopamine, which is particularly problematic in Parkinson's patients who suffer from a lack of dopamine. In addition to PDP, pimavanserin has already shown positive results in all four clinical categories we are currently evaluating in late-stage clinical programs. We also plan to initiate a phase III program for trofinetide in Rett syndrome later this year. In total, we are advancing five late-stage programs. On slide 13 are just a few recent highlights I wanted to share with you. First, as Steve noted, we recently completed enrollment in both of our late-stage schizophrenia studies evaluating pimavanserin as an adjunctive treatment.
ENHANCE for patients with an inadequate response to antipsychotic treatment and ADVANCE for patients with predominant negative symptoms. Second, we initiated our CLARITY phase III program for pimavanserin as an adjunctive treatment for patients with major depressive disorder for MDD. Third, the positive phase II results for trofinetide in Rett syndrome were recently published in Neurology. Starting with slide 14, I will review our ongoing programs in a little more detail. There is no FDA-approved treatment for dementia-related psychosis or DRP. DRP is estimated to affect approximately 2.4 million patients in the United States, of which about half are diagnosed. Our phase III HARMONY clinical study in DRP patients is leveraging the benefits we observed in two previous studies, our PDP pivotal study as well as our Alzheimer's disease psychosis study. HARMONY is a relapse prevention study.
As a reminder, all patients are treated with pimavanserin for three months in an open-label fashion, and only those patients with a stable response get randomized to either continue pimavanserin or to placebo and are followed for additional six months. Primarily, primary outcome is time to relapse. We have agreement with the FDA that robust results from HARMONY can serve as the basis for a supplemental NDA submission. This development program received Breakthrough Therapy designation from the FDA, the second such designation for pimavanserin. We anticipate final results of this study in 2020 with an interim read in the second half of this year. Let's turn to slide 15 and our MDD program. Today, the standard of care for people with MDD is to initiate treatment with an SSRI or SNRI.
However, a majority of patients do not adequately respond to these initial treatments and continue to experience significant symptoms of depression. As a consequence, approximately 2.5 million people in the U.S. take additional drugs as adjunctive therapy. Unfortunately for these patients, the approved treatments for both first-line and adjunctive therapy in MDD can carry significant side effect burdens, leading to high unmet need and sometimes difficult treatment decisions. We believe pimavanserin and its unique pharmacologic and clinical profile may represent an important new adjunctive therapy for patients struggling with MDD. Slide 16 highlights the results of our phase II CLARITY trial compared to the significant unmet needs that exist today. We had positive overall study results, including achieving statistical significance on our primary and key secondary endpoints relative to placebo. The results were even more robust in stage one.
CLARITY results are impressive given the high unmet need that exists in the treatment of MDD. We believe these results are clinically important as we seek to develop pimavanserin as a potential adjunctive treatment for MDD. Slide 17 shows our phase III development program for pimavanserin for adjunctive treatment of MDD, which we recently initiated. CLARITY-2 and CLARITY-3 are both six-week parallel design, randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pimavanserin as adjunctive treatment in patients with MDD who have an inadequate response to standard antidepressant therapy with either an SSRI or SNRI. CLARITY-2 has initiated enrollment and will enroll approximately 280 patients in the United States. CLARITY-3 will initiate enrollment in the coming months and will enroll approximately 280 patients outside of the United States.
The primary endpoint in both studies is a change from baseline on the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale total score. Our phase II CLARITY study, combined with at least one of these phase III trials, could be the basis of supplemental NDA submission. I'll now review our two schizophrenia programs, starting on slide 18. Approximately 1% of the adult U.S. population suffers from schizophrenia, approximately 30% of those patients have an inadequate response to therapy, meaning they show some response to treatment but remain highly symptomatic, requiring additional therapy. With no FDA-approved therapy for inadequate response, we believe the addressable U.S. population is roughly 700,000 patients. We have completed enrollment in our six-week ENHANCE study and remain on track to announce top line data mid-year.
As a reminder, the primary endpoint in this study is a change from baseline on the PANSS. On slide 19, we have a graphic representation of the ENHANCE study design. Turning to slide 20. There is no FDA-approved treatment for the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Approximately 40%-50% of schizophrenia patients experience predominant negative symptoms, which provide us with a potential U.S. addressable population of approximately 1 million patients. Predominant negative symptoms include apathy, lack of emotion, social withdrawal, and cognitive impairment. We have fully enrolled our 26-week ADVANCE study ahead of our expectations and now expect to announce results around year-end. The primary endpoint is the change from baseline on the Negative Symptom Assessment-16 scale. On slide 21, we have a graphic representation of the ADVANCE study design. Turning to Rett syndrome and trofinetide on slide 22.
Rett syndrome is a debilitating neurodevelopmental disorder that occurs predominantly in females following apparent normal development for the first six months of life. Currently, there are no approved medicines for this rare disease, which affects approximately 6,000-9,000 patients in the United States. We plan to initiate LAVENDER, our phase III study for trofinetide in Rett syndrome, in the fourth quarter of this year. This three-month study will evaluate approximately 180 females with Rett syndrome aged 5-20. If our phase III trial is positive, there is the potential to submit an NDA in 2021 based on the single phase III study. Slide 24 provides a summary of our updated clinical milestones for 2019 and beyond. This is an exciting time for ACADIA and R&D, and I look forward to updating you on our progress.
I'll now turn the call over to Elena to discuss our financial performance.
Thank you, Serge. Today, I'll discuss our first quarter 2019 results and financial outlook. Please turn to slide 26. In the first quarter of 2019, we recorded $63 million in net sales, an increase of $14.1 million, or approximately 29% growth, compared to the $48.9 million of net sales in the first quarter of 2018. This is driven by approximately 19% volume growth year-over-year. The gross-to-net adjustment for Q1 2019 was 24.4%. The gross-to-net adjustment this quarter was less than our forecast, primarily due to stronger than anticipated performance in the specialty distribution portion of our business, which has more favorable gross-to-net .
As a reminder, gross-to-net is typically highest in the first quarter due to the annual reset of the donut hole for Medicare Part D patients. Weeks of inventory in the channel at the end of the first quarter was consistent with year-end 2018. Moving down the P&L, total operating expenses, including cost of goods sold, for $150.6 million in the first quarter of 2019, compared to $103.7 million for the same period in 2018. These amounts included $19.9 million and $20.4 million of non-cash stock-based compensation expense respectively. GAAP R&D expenses increased to $52.9 million in Q1 2019 from $39.3 million in Q1 of 2018. The increase was primarily due to additional clinical study costs for pimavanserin, as well as development costs for trofinetide. GAAP SG&A expenses increased to $93.1 million in Q1 2019 from $60.9 million in the first quarter of last year.
The increase is primarily due to an increase in marketing expenses related to our DTC advertising campaign, as well as increased charitable contributions. Cash used in operations during the quarter was approximately $64.2 million, compared to $45.2 million for the first quarter of 2018. We ended the quarter with $414.3 million in cash and investments on our balance sheet. Please turn to our annual guidance on slide 27. As Steve mentioned, for the full year 2019, we expect continued strong growth for NUPLAZID and have raised the lower end of the guidance range. We now forecast 2019 net sales to be between $280 million and $300 million. At the midpoint of this guidance range, this represents approximately 30% growth in revenue year-over-year and approximately 20% volume growth year-over-year.
We continue to expect gross-to-net adjustment in the range of 18%-19% for the full year and forecast Q2 gross-to-net adjustment in the mid to high teens. Turning to expenses, we continue to forecast GAAP R&D expense to be between $250 million and $265 million. On a quarterly basis, R&D expense will step up starting in the second quarter. This is related to the commencement of our phase III program for major depressive disorder and manufacturing scale-up for the trofinetide phase III program. We continue to forecast GAAP SG&A expense to be between $280 million and $295 million for the full year 2019. On a quarterly basis, we expect SG&A expense to step down starting in the second quarter.
This is due to a reduction in advertising expenses related to the completion of our DTC campaign and reduced charitable contributions. We continue to expect non-cash stock-based compensation expense to be between $80 million and $90 million in 2019. With that, I'll turn the call back over to Steve.
Great. Thank you, Elena. Please turn to slide 29. In closing, our team is off to a great start executing on all three of our strategic pillars in 2019. First, growing NUPLAZID in Parkinson's disease psychosis. Second, leveraging pimavanserin in additional large markets in its indications. Third, pursuing disciplined business development. We truly appreciate the dedication and hard work of all of our employees who are driving our company's continued success. I'll now open up the call for questions. Operator?
Your first question comes from Ritu Baral with Cowen.
Hi, guys. Thanks for taking the question. My first question is a little more detail on why you would discontinue the DTC or ramp that down, given it seems to be working for you. Is there an option to keep that going? Are you thinking about other commercialization strategies, I guess, to basically keep the renewed growth going? I've got a follow-up on the negative symptom study.
Okay. Well, let's deal with DTC first. Michael, do you want to take that question?
Thanks, Ritu. I think our campaign, we had already always planned to have it run through the first quarter, which we did execute that. With campaigns like this, you create a bolus of attention and awareness, and that is now gonna flow through as people kind of go through the website, go see their physicians, which we'll be benefiting from that throughout the second quarter into the summer. It's very. It's not normal to keep a campaign on 24/7, 365, we'll be learning more along the way as we do the assessments. Again, the campaign just ended a few weeks ago, now we'll be in the process of pulling that awareness through the physicians and generating that demand. We don't see a need to keep the campaign running throughout the year.
Got it. Then.
Ritu, you had a question.
Oh, go ahead.
No, please go ahead. On negative symptoms?
Yeah. I as we think about the upcoming phase II data, on the PANSS negative symptom scale, what constitutes good data? What constitutes, you know, the minimal clinically important difference? What's truly clinically meaningful to these patients? What would good data look like here, especially, in comparison to the landscape?
Great. Serge, do you wanna take that question?
Just to clarify, Ritu, are you asking about the end study for inadequate response or you're asking about negative, predominantly negative symptom study?
Predominantly negative symptoms.
Okay. That one we'll be reading out later this year toward the year end. We made for in the design of the study and the sizing up the study, we made assumptions that are very comparable to the effect sizes of a very few negative symptom trials that exist out there and that are considered clinically meaningful. We didn't disclose specifically what are the effect sizes we assume, but the Negative Symptom Assessment scale has been used and is validated for this, and we made certain assumptions in that regard that are clinically accepted as a meaningful end point.
What is that delta that you've powered around?
Yeah, well, as I said, we didn't really disclose this. There are not disclosing the details as usually in our trials. Yeah, of course, we made appropriate clinically meaningful assumptions around that.
Got it. Thanks for taking the questions.
Sure.
Your next question comes from Cory Kasimov with J.P. Morgan.
Hey, good afternoon, guys. Thanks for taking the question. I actually had a very my first one similar to what Ritu was asking, but for the upcoming inadequate responder schizophrenia study this summer. They're curious. I mean, I guess you're not gonna disclose the exact effect size, but can you speak in at least general terms to kind of what you're looking for in the study, maybe the feedback you've gotten from KOLs on this front? My second trial probably be for Serge as well is for MDD and the CLARITY. I'm just kind of curious on your expectations for bringing sites online and the potential enrollment in these studies, I guess especially the U.S. one first, since that's already up and running.
Is there anything you can glean on this front from all the other phase III trials you've run with pimavanserin? Thanks.
Yes. Let me start with the ENHANCE study and the assumptions around that. With the inadequate response, our ENHANCE study, it's a little different because there is a plethora of studies and approved product in this. There is a wide range of effect sizes that we saw with the currently approved treatment in monotherapy . They range from starting somewhere of 0.25 to 0.3. Majority is between that and 0.5 effect size, with only a few exceptions going above 0.5. Our assumptions, as you can imagine, are in that range of 0.25 to 0.5 on the scale. We don't really, again, specifically discuss the deltas that we assume for the trial when we were sizing the trial.
I just want to make one more comment here, and that is, this is an adjunctive treatment, there are no other treatments for adjunctive therapy. All of the assumptions around this are related to the monotherapy trials in schizophrenia. MDD. In regard to MDD, obviously, in the U.S. trial, we had a benefit of the number of sites that we worked on our CLARITY trial in the phase II trial. We, you know, in terms of engaging the sites, there was a quite a bit of interest. With the positive results, we had quite a bit of interest for participation of the trial. From that perspective, recruitment of study sites to participate was a very smooth process.
We expect ultimately, the recruitment will be going fairly similarly like we had in our CLARITY trial and that's what even probably a little bit better because of now with the positive results, there is a higher level of interest, obviously, on the public. Compared to other pimavanserin trial, as you asked that as well, I mean, we have to say we had a fairly smooth recruitment across our different indications in all of the trial, and it is reflected in the way how we were able to follow our projected timelines for recruitment. Depression is no exception to that.
Can you just remind us how long it took you to recruit the phase II CLARITY trial?
It was a little more than two years. We are expecting in this trial that there will be a similar situation, about two to two and a half years to complete the trial.
Okay. Thank you.
Your next question comes from Jason Butler with JMP Securities.
Hi. Thanks for taking the question. First one on the commercial, another follow-up on the DTC. Can you maybe frame for us that bolus you mentioned before and how it compares to the impact or the positive impact you got from the DTC campaign this time last year?
Yeah. Jason, I'm sorry, just wanna make sure we're clear on the question. The bolus you're referring to is what?
The bolus of patient inflow into, you know, you mentioned in answer to a previous question that you got out of the DTC campaign this year versus last year that you're now, you know, in the process with this year going through and looking to pull patients through on therapy.
Got it. Okay. Yeah. Yeah. I don't think we use the term bolus, but I get the question, and I think Michael does too. Michael, you wanna-
Yeah. Yeah. Thanks for the question. In, let me address the second part first. The first campaign that we did a year ago was disease awareness and, or of course, this is a branded campaign. I think it's very hard to compare the two in regards to impact. In fact, we believe we're obviously getting a better brand request rate and interest rate with the branded campaign. In regards to the, I mean, to what called bolus, what I was referring to is that we generate a lot of awareness and interest with the campaign. That's really what the original, the first phase of the campaign is designed to do, stimulate interest and awareness.
What we're now seeing is a very healthy attention rate into our digital properties, websites, et cetera, so we're getting good engagement there. We're also hearing both anecdotally and starting to track some data at the doctor level. Those patients that are in that process will become, after they go on an appropriate trial, paid patients and generate revenue in ensuing quarters. That's why we phased the campaign in the beginning of the year, so we'll get the benefits of that throughout 2019.
Maybe just to-
Great.
Just to add a little bit of additional color there. I think on the last earnings call, we walked through the process of patients becoming aware of the drug. Parkinson's patients typically see their doctor every three months, sometimes every six months, sometimes a little more frequently. Many times it's a repetition of messaging to create the awareness. They have an appointment at some months later, we start the process of them getting a prescription and going through a free drug and then a paid drug. It's a full quarter after beyond all of that that you get the full benefit of a full quarter of revenue from a patient that you started by increasing awareness.
I think the point Michael was making earlier is the work that we've done in DTC over the last several months, we'll expect the benefit of that to continue on for some period of time.
Great. Okay. Just one question on the negative symptoms trials. Can you just talk about the background positive symptom score you expect to enroll in the study and what happens? Is there anything built into the protocol if a patient has worsening positive symptoms at any point during the trial?
Sure. Serge, you wanna take that question?
Right. We, the, in the negative symptom study, there is a requirement that the positive symptoms are fairly well controlled, for the patient to be able. It's predominantly negative symptom studies. The positive symptoms are capped at a certain minimum of severity to be able to enroll in the study. In terms of potential worsening of positive symptoms, you know, obviously it's a clinical decision by the physician investigator whether they want to discontinue the trial and apply change in patient's therapy. It's not something that we in the trial so frequently or there is something that we anticipate to happen because patients are continuing on their background antipsychotic.
If they have a good control of positive symptoms but still express negative symptoms, that should be continuing throughout the trial, and for the most part, that's what we are seeing.
Okay, great. Thanks for taking the questions.
Your next question comes from Salveen Richter with Goldman Sachs.
Thanks for taking my questions. In the phase II schizophrenia trial, you used NUPLAZID and risperidone, and you saw some benefits in PANSS score and positive and negative symptom subscales. Your patient demographic wasn't specifically inadequate responders or negative symptom patients. How should we think about the read-through here to these two patient demographics?
Hey, Salveen. Yes, that's, you're correct. The paradigm in that study was somewhat different in that study, we use a subtherapeutic dosage of risperidone. In other words, a 2 mg risperidone versus therapeutic dose of 6 mg risperidone and combined it with pimavanserin while 6 mg risperidone was alone. What we saw is that the efficacy that we saw in that trial was comparable and on, in some aspects, a little bit better than what we saw with the full therapeutic dose of risperidone and improvement on the tolerability side of that trial. We obviously, in that trial, demonstrated synergism between atypical antipsychotic risperidone with pimavanserin.
What we are looking in this trial is a little different paradigm, obviously people that are on atypical antipsychotic but don't have a full response. We are still looking for that synergistic effect to enhance the efficacy of the adjunctive treatment. Hence the name ENHANCE.
Got it. Maybe just a second question on your commentary that DTC didn't provide much benefit to the long-term care setting. Are there other strategies other than awareness that could be undertaken here?
Yeah. Salveen, I'm gonna ask Michael and you wanna just first clarify.
Sure.
The point here.
Hi, Salveen. No, I don't believe that I said that we did not see an impact in LTC. Maybe you misheard. What I mentioned is when we did the first campaign to compare the first campaign, which was disease awareness to the branding campaign, there are different dynamics. Point in fact, actually, what we're seeing is an unexpected benefit from the branded campaign in long-term care. We believe that was part of, you know, the wind in our sails in long-term care in the first quarter. Conversely, we did not see that benefit specifically in long-term care with our disease awareness campaign. We are seeing benefits.
Whether that is sustained over time, we'll be evaluating that, but we're very pleased with that impact that we saw in long-term care with our disease, with our branded campaign that we have on air just finished.
I'm sorry, just to be crystal clear, disease awareness campaign run a year ago.
Correct.
Did not see much of an impact on long-term care. Branded ad we just finished this year, we didn't see any of that.
That's correct.
Thank you.
Your next question comes from Tazeen Ahmad with Bank of America Merrill Lynch.
Hi, Steve. Just wanted to ask you a question with regards to guidance. On the call so far, you've stated that you feel good enough with DTC that, you know, you're ready to wind that down a bit and focus on all the leads that you have. I think you also mentioned you've had an uptick in long-term care. You know, I guess what more would you need to see in order to raise the higher end of guidance as well as the lower end? I have a follow-up.
Yeah, thanks for the question, Tazeen. I'm gonna let Elena answer the question.
Thanks, Tazeen. As we discussed year-over-year in the first quarter, we had 19% volume growth at the midpoint of our guidance. For the full year, that's pretty much on track with what's included in the midpoint of our guidance. At this point in the year, we feel very pleased with how we're executing against our guidance and hence why we increased the low end of the range. As Michael mentioned, we have a number of commercial initiatives and are pleased with what we're seeing so far with DTC. We'll continue to track that and how we're tracking versus our full year guidance. If appropriate, we will adjust in the future.
Just to clarify.
And just maybe one other-
Go ahead.
Please go ahead.
Go ahead, Steve.
I was just gonna say, just to be clear, as we mentioned earlier, on the DTC campaign, it's not that we stopped it because we'd seen a certain result. We ran the campaign exactly as planned. We ran it through the planned conclusion of the television, televised portion of the campaign, but we expect benefits to run beyond that. You do reach a point where, of saturation, where you do need to actually stop the television campaign in order to get the full benefit. We feel really good about the early returns that we have on the campaign at this point.
Can you just give a little bit more color on your free drug program? How long does it last, and how many times can a patient renew? Has that changed?
Sure. Michael?
Yeah. Yeah. The standard program is a 14-day free trial when they come through our hub and distribution services. They can re-up for that for another 14-day if the patient needs it. We don't hold that, you know, as a hard rule, but if someone needs an extra 14 days, we give it. The majority of patients get 14 days.
The use of that program, has that stayed stable or has that changed?
It's pretty stable.
Okay. Thanks.
Your next question comes from Charles Duncan with Cantor Fitzgerald.
Hi, guys. First of all, congrats on good quarter progress, thanks for taking my questions. I had two, one commercial and one pipeline. The first regarding commercial, you had some comments on long-term care and the growth, and you talked about the positive impact of DTC, at least initially. I'm wondering what else is contributing to the long-term care growth rate that was a little higher than you expected, and perhaps if you could touch on persistence now with the 34 mg tablet versus the two by 17s.
Sure. Michael?
Sure. Thanks. Thanks, Charles. Appreciate that. We were very pleased with what we saw in both LTC and our SD. I wanna be clear, we were very pleased with the bottle demand, the unit demand in LTC and our new-to-brand growth in our specialty pharmacy channel. Specifically, in addition to what I mentioned around the benefit of awareness through the campaign in LTC, I think what you're starting to see is really a continued maturation of our LTC commercial capabilities that has helped us, you know, drive growth in this setting. Basically, what we're doing is focusing on generating deeper demand in accounts and systems where we have set up the NUPLAZID access at the pharmacy.
We've identified and nurtured a PDP disease champion. We further follow that up with a patient identification process. That's a system-by-system account system that we have. That's starting to pay off dividends with our commercial execution. That is in part also aided by the awareness driven by the DTC campaign. That's what you're starting to see, I think, pay off in long-term care.
Okay. Thanks, Michael, for that. My second question is, perhaps for Serge. You know, on the, on the pipeline and specifically ENHANCE versus ADVANCE and, you know, several questions have been asked on design and effect size assumptions, et cetera. Wanted to step back and just ask you, when you think about the unmet need in terms of inadequate response versus negative symptoms, you know, you laid out the number of patients, but where do you think the potential is to make a greater clinical impact on patient care and, and therefore perhaps even pharmacoeconomic value of the two, you know, indications?
Yes. I'm sorry, Serge. You take it.
Thanks, Charles. That's a great question actually, and one that provokes a lot of thinking. The one interesting point I wanted to make here at the beginning is that both of these trials are adjunctive trial. Currently, there is no any antipsychotic approved for adjunctive treatment in schizophrenia. It is true that in the ENHANCE trial we are using patients that have symptomatology both in the on a positive and a negative syndrome scale, while in the ADVANCE trial, we are more focusing on the adjunctive therapy. Obviously, negative symptoms is holy grail. There is nothing that truly demonstrated efficacy in treating negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
From that perspective, it would be a great advancement in medical practice if we demonstrate a benefit in that adjunctive paradigm. I would also say that on the adjunctive treatment of schizophrenia in general, even though there is nothing approved, there is a great many patients that are treating with two or more antipsychotic at the same time because one antipsychotic is not able to control psychotic symptoms. From that perspective, numbers vary widely, but they go from 25% to 65% of patients that are on the two antipsychotics or more at the same time.
From that perspective, looking at that, it would be a great advantage and advancement if we demonstrate positive efficacy, benefit, and safety for adjunctive treatment rather than using the antipsychotics that more or less are hitting on the same receptors and on the same neurotransmitters. Therefore, even if they're producing some benefit, they're also producing a myriad of side effects and tolerability issues that we do not expect to see. I hope this is just a kind of a brainstorming here. It's a very interesting question, and I would like to talk more when I see you about this.
That sounds good. I, you know, just sorry for a clarification request, and that is that, and appreciate you taking it, is it ADVANCE seemed to enroll perhaps a little quicker than we had expected, and I'm just kinda wondering, are physicians equally or more or less interested in enrolling one or the other, study, if you have them on both?
You know, in the last maybe several months, ADVANCE has sort of caught up with the ENHANCE study, and they essentially finished recruitment approximately at the same time. I wouldn't say that that's a reflection of as much interest, as much dynamics in the clinical trials out there and competitive environment, countries where we are doing the trials. There are many factors that influence that. Perhaps there is also an interest. I wouldn't discount that, but I don't think that that's the only factor that contributed to us. We always expected that these two trials would actually progress in the same time. The delay on the ADVANCE trial is just because it's a six-month trial versus six weeks trial.
The readout will be six months later.
Got it. Thanks for taking the questions. Congrats on good quarter.
Your next question comes from Alan Carr with Needham & Company.
Hi. Thanks for taking my questions. A bit of a follow-up on a previous one, around ADVANCE and ENHANCE. Are you all disclosing which background meds are being used most often? Which antipsychotics are being used most often at baseline in those two trials? Then with respect to ADVANCE in particular, is there any sort of run-in period to ensure that there is stability on positive symptoms? The last one is around charitable contributions. I wonder if you can comment on that. I think you said there would be reductions in that. Can you elaborate? Thanks.
Thanks. Serge, do you wanna take the first two questions?
Yes. In regard to, r emind me, what was the first part?
The background meds.
Oh, background meds. Yeah.
Just anything regarding.
We've been always saying there is no secret about that. All atypical antipsychotics that do not have a warning related to QT prolongation are allowed in our trials. The only reason we excluded some of the antipsychotic was because of QT prolongation, and our label and their label indicated that combination with other drugs that prolong QT is not allowed. From that perspective, all of You know, we should consider all atypical antipsychotics. There is no secret about that.
I was wondering if you all are disclosing which specific drugs or do any of them dominate in terms of the patients enrolled in the trial?
Right. Well, you know, of course, we will review that when, at the time of top-line results, but we have a fair representation of the antipsychotics. This obviously somewhat depends also on the countries where we are. In some countries, there are different drugs approved and not approved. Naturally, I mean, this follows fairly, accurately what is the use of these antipsychotics out there. The most frequently used antipsychotics is the most that we see in our trials. We didn't go into specifics on, in that regard.
Okay. A run-in in ADVANCE, is there anything like that to see?
Uh, well, y ou know, we, first of all, there is a run-in period. There is a screening period where we evaluate patients at a qualification of the trial, at the screening phase, and then at a baseline visit. They do need to meet same criteria for entering in the trial over that period that may go up to three, four weeks. That's one thing that. Additionally, we are also very careful in selecting the patients to make sure that they have levels of background antipsychotic in their blood to confirm that actually symptoms we are seeing are results and in spite of background antipsychotic therapy that's particularly relevant or that's relevant for both of these trials.
We are, in some sense, looking both at the stability and that the symptoms we are seeing are results of inadequacy in therapy rather than noncompliance with treatment.
Okay.
Great. Charitable contributions, you asked about, as well, Alan . Elena, you wanna take that question?
Sure. Contributing to independent charitable foundations that provide assistance to patients in need is part of our commitment to help ensure patients have access to their prescribed medications and treatments. For 2019, a greater portion of those donations are occurring in the first quarter of the year.
Okay. Thanks for taking my questions.
Your next question comes from Danielle Brill with Piper Jaffray.
Hi, everyone. Thanks for taking my question. I just had a quick question on the usage of NUPLAZID and a more specific question on channel distribution. Would you be able to provide some color on what percentage of patients with PDP are actually on NUPLAZID? I think you mentioned that it was 25% previously.
I'm gonna let Michael , he wanted to first clarify what was said previously.
Yeah. We've previously said that there are 125,000 patients treated, and our penetration was around the low double digits. Currently we're, yeah, I would say in the mid-teens in that regard. That's where how I'd answer the question.
I see. Great. Okay. I guess the other question I had was, would you be able to provide some color on the volume growth trends between specialty and LTC and, which channels are growing faster, if specialty has caught up? Any sort of color would be helpful.
Yeah. You know, great question. I think that we've always represented that the SD, specialty distribution, of which long-term care is about 2/3 of that component, has roughly been about 1/3 of our business. The SD part of our business is 1/3, and our SP side, which represents more of the office-based channel, is about 2/3. That makes it generally pretty much where it's been. It waxes and wanes depending on different dynamics. Just the way to think about it is the way we see it, which is they're independent channels. They have different dynamics, different ecosystems, and things kind of wax and wane.
One other thing to note, though, is in the long-term care channel specifically, we've always said that we're a little under-penetrated, and that has a more, you know, more volume growth ahead of it because We just recognized that that's a more rich channel that we didn't launch that with the kind of robust efforts at the beginning. As you know, we expanded our sales force, and we've continued to evolve our commercial model there. We're getting good results out of that, but SP is also gonna be growing as well. Both channels have a lot of opportunity to grow. One-third, two-thirds would be the split.
Fantastic. Thank you so much.
Your next question comes from Marc Goodman with Leerink.
Yes. Hi. Can you talk about business development a little bit? Should we expect another trofinetide type of opportunity to get added to the pipeline this year?
Yeah, sure. You know, as we've said very clearly on this call and on many previous calls, business development is one of our three strategic pillars. We think it's very important that we focus on that in a disciplined way, the disciplined way that we have. trofinetide is a really great example of the kind of fruits that we expect to continue to yield from that process.
Well, maybe just ask the question in a different way, I guess. trofinetide was, you know, practically phase III-ready, right? I was curious about, you know, as you were thinking about early phase, late phase, you know, what are you looking at? What How should we expect you to bring products in from that perspective?
We, just as a matter of policy, we don't get into too much detail regarding specific assets or specific categories. We do have priorities, but we don't always talk specifically about them. I would just simply say, I think every asset is case dependent. Of course, late-stage assets have a different risk and reward profile than earlier-stage assets. Just if it's helpful for just some additional color, I would say, when we launched NUPLAZID, or before we launched NUPLAZID, we did a survey of when the companies that launched their first drug acquired additional assets, and what we saw is a very small blip on the radar screen at about year three, and then a big blip at about year seven. That just gives me a reason to wait.
I'd rather look at more assets over a longer period of time so it can be more judicious and more strategic, and that's what we're doing.
Thanks.
Your next question comes from Paul Matteis with Stifel. Your line is open.
Great. Thanks. This is Benjamin Burnett on for Paul Matteis. I wanted to ask just a clarifying question on the regulatory path for schizophrenia. If both schizophrenia studies are positive, the negative symptom study and the inadequate response study, would you expect this to be enough to file on for both indications? I.e., would you be able to include negative symptoms in that, or would you anticipate needing additional confirmatory studies? Then I just have one real quick follow-up.
Yeah, I know you're gonna take that. Sure. Serge, you wanna take that question?
Yeah. what we know, similarly as with major depression, the regulatory requirement for approval in inadequate response would be a two confirmatory trials. We of course are looking at variety of options, but it is just premature for us until we see the results of the trial to speculate on potential regulatory path for approval. We will certainly, once we have the results, we will certainly address that and address that with FDA as well.
Okay. Great. Understood. I just had one other question on the DRP HARMONY program. I guess at this point, what proportion of patients are you seeing get through the treatment run-in in the study? If you're willing to disclose this or if you can, I guess how is this comparing to your expectations going into it?
Right. I can say what I, what I shared before, and that's pretty much continuing, and that is that we are seeing in the three-month open label treatment phase of the study that somewhat a bit larger number of patients are achieving stable stabilization over two, eight-week and 12-week period and are being randomized that we initially anticipated. Other than that, we did not disclose specific numbers, but I can say we make these assumptions on the basis what we saw in previous trials with pimavanserin and are seeing around that or a little bit better than that.
Okay. I appreciate the color. Thank you.
Your next question comes from Sumant Kulkarni with Canaccord.
Good afternoon. Thanks for taking my questions. I have a couple. The first one, we have an important interim read in the dementia-related psychosis HARMONY trial coming up later this year. My question is on your SERENE trial in Alzheimer's related agitation. We know the trial was discontinued in October 2017, but patients enrolled in that study were allowed to continue. Given SERENE is now showing up as completed as of late March, according to clinicaltrials.gov, do you plan to share any data there, or how should we think about your expectations heading into the interim read on HARMONY?
Serge, did you hear the question? You got it. Anti-agitation trial.
Yeah. I assumed that. Well, what we shared the data from that trial as it is required in ClinicalTrials.gov with the results from that trial. Obviously, we will, as necessary, you know, as we see fit, we will further share the information and data. That's a trial that was stopped for business reasons at the point when we were moving into DRPs, so it's incomplete trial, but there are some learnings that we really applied as we move forward with the trial. The core of the data is already available publicly.
Mm-hmm. Sure. Thanks for that. The second question is on your Rett syndrome trial. How do you expect enrollment in that trial, you know, relative to potential competition from other approaches like gene therapies that might be coming up?
Right. Yeah. Serge, do you wanna take that question?
Well, you know, naturally we are following all of the developments in Rett syndrome. Specifically to your question, gene therapy is a little bit behind, and it's probably going to take a little more time for them to actually get into the clinical stage. From the competitive perspective in terms of the execution of our phase III trial, I do not see that that will interfere. There may be other trials in Rett syndrome, some addressing specifically specific symptoms of Rett rather than the core symptomatology of Rett syndrome that may be going on, but we don't see that will be a significant overlap.
I have to say that we are working very closely with advocacy groups and understand that there is quite a bit of interest on the basis of positive data from the phase II trial in participation in our trial. We do not anticipate a significant competitive pressures on recruitment.
Thank you.
Thank you. Mr. Davis, please proceed to closing remarks.
Great. Thank you, operator. Just wanna close by saying thanks to each of you for joining us today. We look forward to updating you on our progress next quarter.
Thank you for your participation in today's conference call. This concludes the presentation. You may now disconnect. Good day.