Thank you. Welcome to Albemarle's Third Quarter 2018 Earnings Conference Call. Our earnings were released after the close of the market yesterday. You'll find our press release, earnings presentation, and non-GAAP reconciliations posted to our website under the Investors section at www.albemarle.com. Joining me on the call today are Luke Kissam, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Scott Tozier, Chief Financial Officer, Raphael Crawford, President, Catalysts, Netha Johnson, President, Bromine Specialties, and Eric Norris, President, Lithium. As a reminder, some of the statements made during the conference call about our outlook, expected company performance, production volumes and commitments, as well as lithium demand, may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of federal securities laws.
Please note the cautionary language about forward-looking statements contained in our press release. That same language applies to this call. Please also note that some of our comments today refer to financial measures that are not prepared in accordance with GAAP. A reconciliation of these measures to GAAP financial measures can be found in our earnings release in the appendix of our earnings presentation, both of which are posted on our website. Now, I will turn the call over to Luke.
Thanks, Dave. Good morning, everyone. We apologize for the little snafu at the very beginning. Apparently, you could hear us. We couldn't hear the operator. We apologize and hope we got that fixed. Turning to the third quarter. In the third quarter, our revenue grew $50 million, or 7%. Adjusted EBITDA grew by $36 million, or 18%, compared to the third quarter of 2017, excluding divested businesses. This marks our eighth consecutive quarter of double-digit adjusted EBITDA growth. During the third quarter, Bromine Specialties and Catalysts both reported pro forma adjusted EBITDA growth over last year. In lithium, third-quarter pricing increased year-over-year as expected. However, unexpected outages at three of our manufacturing sites during the quarter caused volume shortfalls, which resulted in our not being able to meet the sales commitments in the quarter.
These issues were one time in nature. They have been addressed. All of our lithium facilities are now running at forecasted production rates. In addition, our lithium capital projects remain on track. We completed the tie-ins at La Negra II. We expect to operate that unit at full rates in 2019. La Negra III and IV, which is a 40,000 met ton carbonate expansion, is progressing as planned towards commissioning during 2020. Earlier this year, we commissioned an expansion of our evaporation system in the Salar de Atacama, enlarging our evaporation pond capacity by 60%. Additional ponds of more than 450 acres are on schedule for completion in early 2019. This expanded pond system will provide sufficient feedstock for all of our carbonate production facilities in Chile.
In China, we have completed all pre-commissioning activities at Xinyu II. We are now transitioning that unit over to operations. We have begun startup activities and will be in this phase over the next few months. We expect significant hydroxide volumes from this unit in 2019. With respect to the Kemerton lithium hydroxide facility, we are on track to obtain all necessary approvals to begin earthwork at the site in December. Now I'll turn the call over to Scott.
Thanks, Luke, and good morning, everyone. For the third quarter, we reported net income of $130 million, or $1.20 per diluted share. Adjusted earnings per share were $1.31, an increase of about $0.31 per share compared to third quarter 2017, or 31% growth, excluding divested businesses and other one-time items. Our businesses and lower corporate expenses delivered about $0.31 per share of growth, with strong performance in Bromine Specialties and Catalysts. Our share repurchase program contributed about $0.04 during the quarter. Those gains were partially offset by a net cost increase in other areas, primarily due to a higher effective tax rate and unfavorable foreign exchange compared to the third quarter 2017. Let me talk about each of the businesses. Lithium reported third-quarter net sales of $271 million and adjusted EBITDA of $114 million, each up about 1% year-over-year. Adjusted EBITDA margin was 42%.
Average prices were up 6% versus the third quarter 2017, with battery-grade salts providing most of that improvement. The gains were mostly offset by the volume impact from the unexpected plant outages. Hydroxide volumes and costs were unfavorable due to a one-week shutdown in Kings Mountain as a result of Hurricane Florence in North Carolina. The Xinyu facility was down about two weeks as the result of an unannounced environmental inspection by local officials. We have agreed on a remediation schedule with the government, and Xinyu I is back running at full rates. As Luke mentioned, the commissioning of Xinyu II is progressing as planned. Volume was also unfavorably impacted by environmental upgrades required at the facilities of some of our tollers. Carbonate volumes and costs were impacted by a week of downtime in La Negra, Chile, caused by two separate events.
The first was a multi-day outage in power supply due to a grid blackout in Chile. The second was a failure in our soda ash delivery system, which resulted in downtime for repair. The planned electrical tie-ins that we spoke of last quarter have been completed, and La Negra II is back online and operating at forecasted rates. Had we and our tollers been able to operate throughout the quarter, we estimate we would have had an additional shipment of approximately 3,000 metric tons that would have equated to approximately $35 million in revenue, about $14 million-$15 million in EBITDA, and $0.11-$0.12 per share of earnings during the third quarter. Bromine Specialties reported third quarter net sales of $233 million and adjusted EBITDA of $79 million, up 9% and 23% respectively year-on-year.
Adjusted EBITDA margins were strong at 34%, benefiting from a favorable mix and high plant utilizations. Prices were up globally across most products, but volume gains were modest. The increased profits were partially offset by higher raw material costs, primarily from oil derivatives. Catalyst third quarter net sales were $251 million, up 15% compared to the third quarter of 2017, excluding divested businesses. Adjusted EBITDA was $63 million, up 25%, with Adjusted EBITDA margins of 25%. Year-over-year growth was driven by increased volume and pricing in refinery catalysts and about $2 million of insurance collections. It is important to remember that third quarter 2017 had an unfavorable impact from Hurricane Harvey in Houston of about $9 million. The gains were partially offset by increased raw material prices in fluid catalytic cracking catalysts and curatives. Moving on to the balance sheet and income statement items.
We completed our May 2018 accelerated share repurchase program. In August initiated a second $250 million ASR program, which is expected to be concluded by the end of this year. Through the first nine months of 2018, we have retired approximately 4.7 million shares. Our average share count for all of 2018 is expected to be about 110 million shares. Our average share count for the second half is expected to be about 108 million. Through the end of the third quarter, our net cash from operations was $377 million and adjusted free cash flow was $38 million. For the full year, we continue to anticipate breakeven to negative adjusted free cash flow. Capital spending year-to-date through September was $472 million. As previously mentioned, our lithium projects continue to ramp up as scheduled.
Higher forecasted sales of Catalyst and lithium for the fourth quarter resulted in increased inventory with a corresponding increase in total working capital compared to the second quarter of 2018. Based on current sales and production mix by country so far in 2018 and our expectations for the fourth quarter, we currently expect our full-year 2018 effective tax rate to range between 22% and 23%, excluding special items, non-operating pension and OPEB items. Our full-year Adjusted EBITDA, EPS, diluted EPS and free cash flow guidance remain unchanged. Bromine Specialties is a bit stronger and on a path to deliver low double-digit Adjusted EBITDA growth. Catalyst is expected to increase high single-digit growth on a pro forma basis, and lithium is a bit weaker with the third quarter outages, but still expected to grow in the low 20% range. With that, I'll turn the call back over to Luke.
Thanks, Scott. I want to spend a minute providing more detail on our long-term lithium supply agreements with major cathode and battery producers. Pages 12 and 13 in our earnings presentation, which was posted online last evening, provides a snapshot of where we stand as of today on secured volumes for the calendar years 2021 and 2025, and the volumes that are still the subject of active discussions with third parties. In summary, we are right on schedule for 2021 commitments and well ahead of schedule on 2025 volume commitments. As you can see, for 2021, we are already at our goal of having 80% or so of our volume secured and are in negotiations for volumes well in excess of our targeted wave one nameplate production capacities of 85,000 metric tons of carbonate and 80,000 metric tons of hydroxide.
These charts also show the acceleration in our customers' demand for the battery-grade lithium hydroxide over that period. For lithium hydroxide, more than 60,000 metric tons are secured for 2021. Approximately 60,000 metric tons of committed minimum volumes are contracted for 2025, with an additional 20,000 or so metric tons contracted as right of first refusal or option volumes. In addition, for 2025, we're in negotiations for another 80,000-90,000 metric tons of hydroxide volume. For lithium carbonate, more than 70,000 metric tons are secured for 2021 through our supply agreements and our internal needs, which feed production of our specialty products and hydroxide at Kings Mountain. As we look out to 2025, we have carbonate volumes under supply agreements and for our forecasted internal needs of around 40,000 metric tons, with another 60,000-80,000 metric tons the subject of ongoing negotiations.
Given the demand from existing customers and from cathode and battery producers who are not customers today, we are very confident that the 2025 committed volume will increase significantly over the next few quarters. It is important to note that the average sales price for the committed minimum volumes of carbonate and hydroxide volume under the supply agreements in 2021 and 2025 are equal to or greater than the average 2018 sales price, with opportunities for price increases. Given this outlook demand, as shown on page 15 of our earnings presentation, we are adjusting our capital project planning accordingly. While the 40,000 metric ton carbonate expansion at La Negra is still on track to allow us to begin commissioning in 2020, we have stopped all engineering work on any further carbonate expansions in Chile at this time.
We're going to put it on the shelf and continue to monitor our customers' needs and the needs for the market. We previously disclosed that Kemerton would have an initial capacity of 40,000 metric tons with an ability to expand to 100,000 metric tons over time. We now expect to accelerate a portion of that additional capacity to add another production line at Kemerton, which would increase the initial nameplate capacity to at least 60,000 metric tons of hydroxide. The commissioning of the Kemerton site is expected to start in stages during the course of 2021. We do not expect any meaningful change in our CapEx spending over this period as a result of this change. As we have previously indicated, we will build out capacity to match the needs of our customers, and these announced modifications are consistent with that strategy.
There have been questions raised in the press about our authorizations in Chile. Let me try to clarify the matter. As you can see on page 16 of our earnings presentations, we have the operating permit for pumping brine from the Chile Environmental Superintendent, the production quota from Corfo, and the sales quota from CCHEN to allow for the production and sale of at least 80,000 metric tons LCEs annually through 2043. In addition, as we have previously disclosed, we are in the engineering and development phase of a project that we believe will increase the overall lithium yield from our operations in the Salar.
If successful, and we have seen no data to indicate that it won't be, the project would allow us to produce more lithium from the same amount of brine that we pump today or allow us to produce the same amount of lithium from less brine. In either case, it would be a more efficient and more sustainable process. In conclusion, we believe we have positioned the company for another year of exceptional growth, supported by our long-term strategic initiatives. Our 2019 planning process is well underway, and while it's too early to provide specific guidance, we believe 2019 will deliver another strong year of growth. We remain committed to and confident in our strategy and in our ability to execute that strategy in a way that should drive significant shareholder value well into the foreseeable future.
Chris, we are now ready to open the lines of Q&A. Before doing so, I'd like to remind everyone to please limit questions to two per person to ensure that all participants have a chance to ask questions. Feel free to jump back in the queue for follow-up if time allows. Please proceed.
Dear everyone, your question and answer session will now begin. If you wish to ask a question, please press star then one on your device. If you then decide to withdraw that question, simply press star two. Again, if you wish to ask a question, please press star then one. The first question is coming from the line of Kevin McCarthy. Please go ahead, your line is open now.
Good morning. It's actually Matt DeYeo on for Kevin. I'm interested in the outage at Xinyu and the Chinese environmental inspections. We've clearly heard about the fallout of tougher restrictions in China across a lot of other chemical chains, but less so in lithium. I'm just thinking out loud here, but if you're falling victim to the forced outages, it might stand to reason that converters operating off more concentrated ore than Greenbushes may be even having a more difficult time. With that in mind, is this something specific to the Xinyu? Is this a one-off thing? Do you expect it to be an ongoing industry issue? How much is the remediation going to cost Albemarle?
Yeah. This is Luke. From a remediation standpoint and the cost, it'll be minimal, and you won't see it in our numbers, and you won't see it in our capital. It'd be a rounding error, first of all. Second of all, I can't comment on what might have happened as it relates to other tollers. We do know some of our tollers were also unable to produce. I don't think it was just targeted at Xinyu. I do view it from our standpoint as a one-time thing, one-time event. We've reached agreement on everything that needs to be done with the authorities and are well underway of getting that taken care of. We view it as a one-time event, and it would be just pure speculation for us to say anything about what would happen in the future or for third parties.
All right. Regarding the longer term contracts, based on disclosure, you have some price commitments for the committed minimum volume agreements. What about those agreements under the right of first refusal or evergreen contracts? How should we think about the pricing terms there? Thank you.
Well, the pricing terms would be consistent. If you look, we have the ability to supply if we do, but we're not required to supply. We're going to sell at a price that's commensurate with what we think the market should deserve, or we won't sell it.
Is that based on market prices at the time of those sales, or is that more in line with the price agreed to in the committed minimum volume contracts?
It's more in line with the price committed in those minimum volume projects because that's what we put in to look at what the capital return should be for those projects. We're going to be disciplined in our approach that we take for pricing. That's what it's set for.
Perfect. Thank you.
The next question is coming from the line of Ian Bennett. Please go ahead, your line is open now.
Thank you. Good morning. Thanks for providing that slide 16. I think is really helpful to the investment community. I was wondering if you could elaborate a little bit on the areas of conflict with each of these agencies. I think there's been some discussion of various water pumping rights, as well as some of the technology with the expansion, and helping us think about that.
Yeah. There's no conflict at all with the EPA. We've got a permit. We're operating within our permit. With Corfo, it's been very public of what that confusion is. It's a matter of what price needs to be offered to any third party who would build a cathode facility in Chile. There's a dispute. They've said they want to arbitrate that dispute, but to date, no arbitration has yet been filed. We believe very strongly in our position. We think it's clear. It's a public document in Chile, so I'd invite you to look at that document and read the language. We think it's quite clear, and we're very confident in our position. With respect to CCHEN, there is nothing at issue relative to the 2017 authorization. That is not at issue.
It is not at issue our ability to be able to sell the 80,000 met tons or so annually. What we did is in March of 2018, Corfo signed an amendment to the agreement with us that essentially said, if we elect to build Chile five and six, they would extend our production quota from around 80,000 met tons a year to around 140,000 met tons a year. At the same time, we applied for CCHEN to ensure that the ability to sell was also reflective of what we could produce. To build five and six, we have to have yield improvement from lithium out of the Salar, or we won't have enough brine coming out of the ground to be able to do that.
All that they've done is come back and said, "We're not willing to approve that additional sale today until we understand where you are in the yield improvement process." From our perspective, there is nothing at issue that restricts in any way our ability to sell at least 80,000 met tons, which is our wave one name plate through 2043. It's not even an issue for anything unless we elect to build five and six, and we just told you today that we're putting that on the shelf to understand what happens with the marketplace and what our customers need. Hope that clarifies it. I'm sorry it's so confusing, that's how the regulatory system works down there, and hopefully this helps you out.
That's very helpful. As a follow-up, and perhaps related, it appears to me from the outside that there's increasing conflict within Chile who has this great natural resource in lithium and some members of the government want to have that resource create more battery manufacturing, which ultimately will be a much larger industry than just lithium production. Whereas the existing players in the industry, yourself and SQM, are companies that are operating to create shareholder return. The delay in expansion in Chile five and six, is this related? How do you think about deploying capital moving forward in that region? You said it's on hold, is your view of how to deploy capital in the most shareholder-friendly manner over the next decade or so changing as a result of the political situation in Chile? Thank you.
Yeah, I think it's a stretch to say that. What's changing is we're seeing a significant acceleration in the demand of lithium hydroxide, so we need to address that, and we need to be focused on what we're going to do. We've always said that we are going to invest capital to meet the needs of our customers. If you look at the charts that we've put in there, you see what we're talking about hydroxide demand and what we're talking about carbonate demand. It's clear we need to focus on lithium hydroxide, have the focus there, and that's why we're doing it.
The next question is coming from the line of David Begleiter. Please go ahead, your line is open now.
Hi, this is David Huang here for David. I guess first on your Q3 lithium pricing, can you discuss what happened there, since the 6% looks a bit lighter than expected? Do you still expect up high single digits for the year?
I'm sorry, this is Eric. I'm having a hard time understanding you. Could you repeat the question, please? It is regarding pricing, I understand, I could not hear over the phone line.
Yeah. On your Q3 pricing, the 6% looks a bit lighter than expected. What happened there in Q3, and do you still expect up high single digits for pricing for the year?
It's actually right on our expectation. We had forecasted at the beginning of the year a high single-digit increase overall for the year. Given the year-on-year comparison in that during 2017, prices were gradually increasing through that year. We see double-digit comparisons in the first half of the year dropping to less than the average for the year into the mid-single digits for an average of high single-digit price increase year-on-year. It is on our expectation.
Okay. Second, just on your Q4 guidance, what gives you the confidence in the EBITDA ramp in Q4, and what needs to happen for you to be in the upper end of your guidance range?
This is Scott. Overall, we've got two big movers in terms of the fourth quarter. Of course, lithium is on a big volume ramp. That's been expected throughout the year. Of course, with the third quarter outages, we had a pause there. We are fully back online. The cap projects that we have coming online are coming online to schedule. Barring some other unexpected or black swan type of an event, I think we're well on track for lithium. The other one is catalyst. Similar to 2017, the catalyst business has another large fourth quarter.
Much of that being driven by the volume in the CFT or Clean Fuels Technology, hydro processing catalyst business. We have pretty good line of sight to those projects right now. Again, barring any other change in our customers with the downtime that they take to put this catalyst in, we feel confident in that catalyst fourth quarter as well. Those are the big major drivers for the fourth quarter growth. Again, we feel good about where we are right now.
Thanks.
The next question is coming from the line of Arun Viswanathan. Please go ahead, your line is open now.
Hey, guys. Just wanted to ask kind of a little bit more of a macro question. There's been a lot of noise on China and auto OEM builds over the last little while. Have you guys noticed anything different in the environment in China from a demand standpoint? I guess, just looking out into next year, would any change in OEM builds or anything like that affect any of your progress? Thanks.
Hi, Arun. This is Eric. The short answer is we haven't seen any there might be some softening in demand. There hasn't been. We've seen, both in China and throughout Asia, where the bulk of our customer base is for the energy storage market, continued strong demand with, as Luke referenced earlier, a bias as we go forward towards hydroxide versus carbonate. From a specific automotive production standpoint with 1.3 billion electric vehicles thus far this year, which given the pace of growth, we expect to actually excuse me, million, which we expect to increase further into Q4. I think we aren't seeing anything negative from a macro standpoint from EV growth or demand for products.
Arun, I would just add, I think if you look at total automotive production in China, there is a softening overall. However, it is concentrated in the internal combustion engines, not in electric vehicles, as Eric's talked about. We don't see it in our business.
Okay, that's helpful. I also wanted to ask a question on the contracts. Appreciate the detail. You also made a comment that the 2021 and 2025 commitments are at or above 2018 averages. Could you just describe the mechanisms you guys have to, I guess, increase prices if the market is trending that way, or also defend against lower pricing if in fact that happens with increased production? Thanks.
Arun, it isn't materially different than what we've described before, right? There is a range of contracts, that it's hard to speak to it being completely uniform. In general, they all have a provision by which there's a floor price. There's an opportunity, and it depends on the contract in terms of its frequency or timing, for Albemarle to ask for an increase in the price at a point in time. At that point in time, the counterparty, the customer, has an opportunity if they so desire, to shop that volume.
There is a floor that is put in there for us that gives us security that Luke discussed for return on investment. And that floor is today, as we strike these new contracts, is no less than 2018 price, right? That's the confidence that we have in the contracts we have and the terms that we can provide going forward.
If you look at it from a pricing standpoint, my position is if you look at it 2021 and 2025, what you see on that page is the bear case.
Okay. Thanks. Just lastly, maybe you can just describe the input cost side. Would you expect any raw material pressure next year, I guess, principally in lithium, but anywhere else, if it's material?
Got it. I don't think we'll see other than labor costs, which I'll exclude, but if you look at raw materials, I think we're fine in lithium. The other businesses, bromine is going to be driven primarily by oil derivatives, so it depends on what happens with oil. If oil prices continue to move up, we're going to see pressure there, and we'll need to work on the market appropriately. In catalysts, it tends to focus more on the metals, and commodity-based metals, so think about nickel, molybdenum, those kind of products. Again, I think it'll depend on what's happening. We've seen kind of a mixed story in 2018, both with oil prices and commodity metal prices. Hard to predict right now in the market that we're playing in. Our business and the chemical industry overall do not drive those prices.
Obviously, it's other macro market drivers that push it. We just need to react to it. We know how to do that. We'll react appropriately and make sure we protect our margins.
Great. Thanks.
The next question is coming from the line of Josh Spector. Please go ahead, your line is open now.
Hey, guys. Just a question around Bromine. Continues to outperform, pretty good quarter with maybe record high margins. Just wondering how long you think that continues and maybe what are the one or two biggest factors that drives that?
We expect the bromine market to continue to grow slightly, projecting volumes in our flame retardants of 1%-2% growth. What drives that basically is a shortage of bromine in China, that's a big significant driver to our growth.
Okay, great. Just in terms of prices, you seem to be handily offsetting higher raw materials. Do you see that continuing, or is that primarily China tightness that you think might abate when you go into next quarter, maybe next year?
We'll see that continuing in through the rest of this year. We've got great pricing discipline. We do expect some volume to come on next year that may affect pricing, we'll continue to maintain our pricing discipline and adjust as necessary as market conditions allow.
Okay, great. Just one more on lithium pricing sequentially. I guess, are you able to qualitatively say if you look quarter-on-quarter for battery-grade products, was pricing flat, up, down? Any kind of guidance around how things moved quarter-to-quarter?
This is Arun, Josh. From quarter-over-quarter, pricing was relatively flattish and maybe slightly up. It depends by customer. There was no downward pressure. It was probably upward. Once you factor in mix, when you look at the roll-up, it probably was more flattish overall quarter-over-quarter.
I think when we're talking about mix there, we're talking about customer mix. [crosstalk] Talking about customer mix.
Okay. All right. Thanks, guys.
The next question is coming from the line of Robert Koort. Please go ahead, your line is open now.
Hey, good morning, guys. This is Dylan Campbell on for Bob. Quick question on the environmental inspections in China. I know you mentioned it's really only a temporary impact for Albemarle specifically. Can you talk if this kind of your general conversations around the market, if you're hearing any rumblings of more prolonged outages where operations weren't up to snuff as much to those inspections and whether that could result in longer-term outages across the Chinese market.
Yeah, I don't see that, and that would be pure speculation on our part. What we're assuming is everybody's going to be back up and running just like we are.
Got it. That's helpful. I noticed that R&D expenses declined a little over 20% year-over-year. Do you have any color in terms of what drove that decline?
No, I think it's really just a mix of our portfolio and where we're spending at this point. I wouldn't draw any conclusions from it. Some of it's going to be foreign exchange, at the end of the day, it's just a mix of our projects and our portfolio across the company.
Got it. Thank you.
The next question is coming from Sebastian Bray. Please go ahead. Your line is open now.
Good morning, and thank you for taking my questions. I would have two, please. The first is that on the volume development, now that the Chile five, Chile six project has been put on hold, what certainty can you provide that you're going to reach 2023 and you don't simply run out of volumes? I think there was reference made earlier to what is further available at Kemerton, but could you give any insights onto how you would expand your volumes in lithium post 2023? That's my first question. My second one is on the IMO sulfur legislation coming in 2020. Has the catalyst division already started to see the uplift from this? Or is it simply the fact that refinery CapEx is picking up worldwide that is driving the growth? Would you expect this to continue for the next two or so years? Thank you.
Yeah. Let me take the first one, and then I'll turn it over to Raphael to talk about IMO. First of all, post 2023, what we've said is we're putting the Chile 1 on the shelf right now, which is not proceeding right now with Chile five and six. That could change. We have always said, Sebastian, that we are going to build out according to demand of our customers. Right now we've got a bigger need in lithium hydroxide as we look out past 2021. That growth is going to come from our ability to build out lithium hydroxide facilities and likely the ability to expand Kemerton to 100,000 metric tons over the next 5- 7 years, which would take care of hydroxide and carbonate. We still have the ability to do Chile.
We're just taking a pause on that and see where it comes, and let's see how that market develops. We may find out that we need even more hydroxide. In a couple of years, we may find we need lithium sulfur, or we may need more lithium metal. What we've got to be able to do is be very responsive to the needs of the market both today and in the future. The only way we can do that is by looking at what our customers are willing to commit to in the future and ensure that we have the capacity in place or the relationships in place to be able to meet that demand.
That's what we're trying to do, because we've got to get a return on these assets as well. If we can't get the people willing to step up to the plate to sign those longer term contracts, and we don't have them, we're not going to build it for speculative demand. We're going to build it for what we know our customers are willing to supply to us. That's what we've said, and we're going to maintain our discipline in that regard. With that, Raphael, you want to address the IMO, please?
Yes, sir. Sebastian, this is Raphael Crawford. Our perspective on IMO 2020 is a net tailwind for our business. The magnitude of that, we're still working through that with customers who have several different strategies for getting to the lower sulfur specifications for bunker fuel. Certainly, we have a broad portfolio of hydrotreating catalysts that can serve various needs of refiners depending on what their particular crude slate is, what their operations are, and their market strategy. We feel like our value selling approach with those customers, with our portfolio, and the strong team of technical people we have, will be able to use our products to help them meet those sulfur specifications.
Additionally, we're watching carefully and looking for ways for how we can participate in FCC catalyst as it relates to this trend as well. It may be the case that over time, refiners are looking for higher diesel output out of FCC units in order to help meet the increased diesel demand that would come from such specifications. At a high level, Sebastian, the overall trend, IMO 2020 as well as sulfur specs around the world, favorable for hydroprocessing catalysts going forward.
Thank you. Could I just quickly ask on the statements on the potential Kemerton expansion. Do you have Tianqi's agreement that you will accelerate the expansion already? Do you have the access to the rock material?
They've been previously announced, what we're going to do with Talison, and if Talison goes through with those expansions, which we fully expect it to do, we'll have sufficient rock to meet almost all of that 135,000 metric tons that we would have in China and in Kemerton. If not, we can get it on the open market. We'll be able to buy rock on the open market. I'm less worried about that. We've always said we'd like to have a little bit more conversion capacity for hard rock than we actually had hard rock to feed it, which would give us some benefit there to flex up.
All consistent with the strategy we talked about before, and very confident in our ability, not only from Talison, but if we have to supplement a little bit from outside parties, we'd be able to do that. We've got all the agreements we need, and everybody is aligned on what we need to do to be able to supply our customers.
All right. Thank you very much.
The next question is coming from the line of Colin Rusch from Oppenheimer. Please go ahead. Your line is open now.
Thanks so much, guys. Just want to follow up on that last question. There's obviously an awful lot of R&D going on in the battery industry right now, coupled with a lot of automotive configurations. Can you talk about the rate of change in terms of the needs of your customers and what you're seeing come back to you, especially as you make these longer term commitments on capacity?
Yeah. Colin, this is Eric. First to address what the customers are telling us. Just to reiterate what Luke said earlier, we are seeing a decidedly stronger push as they share their long-term outlook for us from a consumption standpoint towards hydroxide. That is symptomatic of going towards higher nickel chemistries. That means moving closer to the 622 sorts of chemistries. There's been some speculation in the market that 811 is around the corner. I think there's still some technical challenges to get there. We still see that not necessarily being within the next couple of years. That being a few years or more off versus today.
On a more technical level, there continue to be efforts to think through how to get more incremental capacity out of a battery cell by looking at pre-lithiation technologies or novel anode configurations, which would involve potentially some lithium metal doping. This is an incremental trend. It's not going to move the needle in 2018 or 2019 volume for us, but it is representative of the technology trend you're talking about. In a period of 5-10 years, could result in more significant demand on the metal side. We just have to watch that very carefully.
Colin, if I could just add on that, add to what he's saying. That's another reason why our long-term strategy is that we're going to have these long-term agreements because we need to understand where the demand is, either from a carbonate, from a hydroxide, from a metal, or from what's next from our customers in time so that we can invest in and expand capacity, move capacity, whatever the right thing is to be able to address the needs of our customers in the market. The customers, the big customers understand that, and they're on board with that approach. We feel good about it.
Okay. These volumes that are under negotiation, can you give us a sense of the magnitude of demand for those volumes? Is it a one to one sort of ratio? Are you looking at 3x, 4x, 5x the actual available capacity that you're in discussions on?
If you look on page 12 and 13 of our earnings deck presentation that we laid out yesterday, we tried to give a view of what that was, both from a carbonate standpoint as well as a hydroxide standpoint in both 2021 and 2025. The other thing I'd add is on 2021, we put nameplate of the units on there of our collective production capacities. Because that is what's public. It's not realistic to believe in any of these sites that we'll be operating at nameplate from an actual production capacity in 2021. We're going to ramp up over time, and as we've seen with Olego two, as we've seen with other things coming, you're not going to start it up on day one and be able to operate at nameplate capacity.
That's not an indication that that's the volume we're going to produce in that year, but we wanted to be consistent with what we told the Street previously to give you a benchmark. As I sit and look at it, we have much more opportunity than today we believe we will have the production capacity. I feel excellent looking even out in 2025, which is seven years away, to be able to confidently say we're going to be well above our goal of 80% subject to minimum volume contracts.
All right. I'll take it offline then. Thanks.
Yep.
The next question is coming from Joel Jackson. Please go ahead. Your line is open.
Hi, this is Robin on for Joel. Thanks for taking my questions. First off, you mentioned that you saw approximately $35 million in lost revenue on the 3,000 tons of lower sales volume from the various production issues. Does that mean your average price realizations are around $12,000 a ton? Following that, what are your initial expectations for lithium price realizations in 2019?
You can do math as easy as I can. If you take the numbers that Scott read, you can get to an average number, that's a combination of carbonate, hydroxide-Technical grade, it's a combination of customers. I just don't think there's not one price. You're not selling the commodity that's trading on some exchange. It's different, that's how the math works.
Yeah. This is Eric. There's clearly a mix of different products that are in there. As you know, we don't disclose because it does vary widely by product. We don't get into detail disclosing price because there is no one price there.
Okay. Just on your initial expectations for price realization.
Oh, I'm sorry. You can have second question on 2019.
Yeah.
Yeah. It's too early to get into 2019. We believe what we have said before is that increases would be more of an inflationary type basis as we're going forward in the future years. That seems representative of what we can expect based upon contracts, we haven't given you a revised outlook for 2019 yet. We'll do that in a number of months, and we can get more precise at that time.
What we've always said is, 2019 will be more about volume than it'll be about price. If you look at what we're bringing online with La Negra II being wide open, starting up Xinyu II operations, I certainly would expect we'd see significant volume growth year-over-year. I think that whenever we get around to doing the number, it's going to be more about volume growth than it is pricing. As we've said, pricing, I don't expect any downturn in pricing. I expect a slight tailwind in pricing, but you'd also see significant tailwind on volume.
If I can just sneak in one more. Have you discovered anything in your initial feasibility work that might suggest that the pond yield increase technology wasn't going to deliver as expected? Or what is it that Xinyu doesn't understand with respect to yield improvement process that is stalling the approval? Thanks.
Xinyu doesn't have to do anything, first of all. We're asking them to do something they're not required to do, all they want to see is some proof that it's going to work before they give it to us. That's it. It is not a big deal. Okay? It's not a big deal. We only need it if we build five and six. In due time, all the data that we're working on, when we get approval for that yield improvement project, we'll sit down with Xinyu, and if we build five and six, I'm confident we'll have the ability to sell it.
I think it's also important to note, because I just want to make sure this is clear. In our spending, our capital spending guidance, there is spending for that yield technology. That continues onwards. As Luke said in his prepared remarks, a way you can think about that is providing buffer in the event that ultimately we do proceed with five, six or choose to proceed that, or whether that's used to further enrich the quality of the brine we have to feed [inaudible] one through four. It is in our spending going forward, but five, six is on hold.
That's helpful. Thanks.
The next question is coming from Aleksey Yefremov from Nomura. Please go ahead. Your line is open now.
This is Matthew Skowronski on for Aleksey. Touching on a question earlier. You were on track last quarter for 10kt year-over-year volume growth. I assume less three kilotons this quarter because of the outages. That would make it seven, or am I missing some inventory?
What you're doing is you're missing some of the tolling. Some of that three that we talked about was related to tolling. We're going to be south of 10,000 metric tons from our actual production. Part of that, it's not all of the three, because some of that three was tolling.
Understood. Then in catalysts, you mentioned that HPC has been good so far this year and that visibility is pretty clear through the fourth quarter. What are you seeing into 2019? Can we expect another tailwind from HPC demand, or is your visibility not that great?
At this point of the year. This is Raphael, Matt. At this point of the year, we have some visibility to what's going to happen in HPC. A lot of the HPC business, or all of it's related to change outs of catalysts. It can be a lumpy business. We expect a year in 2019 to be somewhat consistent with what it looks like with 2018. There's no known changes to our outlook for HPC demand. Overall, there certainly are macroeconomic tailwinds as it relates to sulfur specifications. Just like in FCC, there's tailwinds as it relates to olefins' output. Overall, the fundamentals of catalysts are good, and I wouldn't expect big differences next year in HPC versus this year in terms of overall performance.
Understood. Thank you.
The next question is coming from Mike Sison from Key Banc. Please go ahead. Your line is open now.
Hey, guys. Nice quarter. Luke, any changes in your outlook for EV adoption? Over the years since EV adoption rates have increased. Just thought I'd get an update on what you're seeing from your folks in terms of the trend there.
We've not publicly updated our demand model. I will say that there have been some other models that are coming around that would push that up a little bit. The demand that we're seeing from our customers is certainly consistent with that demand model that we've put out there. Still feeling more confident in that model that we put out, but not any real significant change that I would talk about today.
Right. In terms of the lithium outages in the third quarter, it doesn't seem like you're alone there. A lot of industries have unplanned outages. Is this something that we should think about as kind of a routine every year? Some facilities will go down. How do you think your customers will react to that? I mean, obviously your long-term contracts are more important to them, but just your general thoughts on that.
Mike, this is Eric. I think the way you need to look at this is, the standards are going up. That's why you see people getting caught with these sort of unexpected outages. In our case, we have had underway for some, since we've owned these assets, a plan to address them. A good number of the improvements that we aim to make to make it a more sustainable operation going forward are connected to the bringing on of Xinyu II. The site-wide sort of infrastructure's going on. As Luke said, the authorities clearly understand what we're up to and how we're going to address that.
They are very anxious to see lithium production increase, and this is a country that, as you know, really wants to see as much domestic lithium production as possible. I think it is a one-time sort of change in expectations, and in our case, it's associated with a longer path of addressing things that'll be more complete or complete with vis-a-vis the remediation plan we have with the government by the time we bring Xinyu II fully online.
Great. Thank you.
The next question is coming from Mike Harrison from Seaport Global Securities. Please go ahead. Your line is open now.
Hi, good morning. Just on the lithium business and the shortfall that you had in terms of volume and revenue there. You mentioned what the EBITDA impact would've been there, but just looking at the margin number, I think it was surprising that your margin performance was still pretty solid, pretty similar to where you were in the prior year. Can you help us understand why the operational issues didn't have more of an impact on your bottom line?
No, I think, at the end of the day, we had some cost improvements that we're starting to see in the third quarter that were not affected by the outages. Again, some of it comes down to mix of product as well. As Luke said, some portion of that outage was tolling. As we said previously, tolling is at quite a low margin versus our internally produced volume as well. That has a bit of an averaging impact on us as well. We feel good where that margin came in for the quarter.
All right. Then I [crosstalk] Sorry, one more quick one just on the yield increase project and the increased lithium recovery. I want to make sure I understand that your quota is a lifetime quantity of lithium. It's not an annual quantity. You can actually exceed that 80,000 metric ton number if you wanted to. It just means you burn through the quota faster?
That's exactly right.
All right. Thank you very much.
Okay. We'd like to thank everyone for participation in today's conference. We appreciate your time. This concludes Albemarle's third quarter earnings call. Thank you.
Dear everyone, that concludes your conference call for today. You may now disconnect. Thank you for joining, and have a lovely day. Goodbye.