Greetings, and welcome to the Alkermes third quarter 2022 financial results conference call. My name is Melissa, and I will be your operator for today's call. All participant lines will be placed on mute to prevent any background noise. If you should require operator assistance during the call, please press star zero on your telephone keypad. Please note that this conference is being recorded. I'll now turn the call over to Sandy Coombs, Senior Vice President of Investor Relations and Corporate Affairs. Sandy, you may begin.
Good morning. Welcome to the Alkermes plc conference call to discuss our financial results and business update for the quarter ended September 30, 2022, and the proposed separation of Alkermes neuroscience and oncology businesses. With me today are Richard Pops, our CEO, Iain Brown, our CFO, and Todd Nichols, our Chief Commercial Officer. Before we begin, I encourage everyone to go to the investors section of alkermes.com to find our press release, related financial tables, and reconciliations of the GAAP to non-GAAP financial measures that we'll discuss today. We believe the non-GAAP financial results in conjunction with the GAAP results are useful in understanding the ongoing economics of our business. Our discussions during this conference call will include forward-looking statements. Actual results could differ materially from these forward-looking statements.
Please see slide two of the accompanying presentation, our press releases issued this morning, and our most recent annual and quarterly reports filed with the SEC for important risk factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update or revise the information provided on this call or in the accompanying presentation as a result of new information or future results or developments. After our prepared remarks, we'll open the call for Q&A, and I'll turn the call over to Richard.
Thank you, Sandy. Good morning, everyone. We had a strong third quarter financially and operationally. On the neuroscience side, our commercial portfolio performed well, highlighted by Lybalvi, and we took an important step forward for our next pipeline candidate with our orexin-2 receptor agonist now entering the clinic. After a year in the market, we're confident that Lybalvi has attributes of an important new psychiatric medicine. On the oncology side, nemvaleukin has advanced in potential registration-enabling studies, and our other engineered cytokines, IL-12 and IL-18, are progressing behind it. Also, during the quarter, the Inflation Reduction Act became law, fundamentally shifting the relative economic value of biologic medicines in cancer. Together, these developments catalyze new opportunities for the company.
This morning, we announced that with the unanimous support of the board, we've decided to explore separating our oncology and neuroscience businesses, including a potential spin-off of the oncology business into an independent, publicly traded company. The proposed separation is timely and is consistent with feedback we've collected throughout our extensive shareholder and investor engagement efforts, and we believe it's in the best interest of both businesses. I'll discuss that separation in more detail in a moment, but first I'd like to provide a little context. For decades, Alkermes' focus and foundation have been in neuroscience, and we've successfully developed a number of important treatments for neurological and psychiatric disorders, including Vivitrol, Aristada , Lybalvi, and Vumerity, and we've enabled many other products with our technologies. Lybalvi has opened a significant new door for us as our first oral product in a major psychiatric market.
Its real-world profile is being established, and it deserves the commensurate focus and investment to achieve its maximum medical and commercial potential. Altogether, these medicines have been used to treat millions of people living with serious and complex disease, and they're expected to drive top-line revenues in excess of $1 billion for Alkermes again this year. Along the way, though, we developed new technical capabilities and identified opportunities for capturing additional value from our R&D efforts. Over the past 10 years, our expertise in molecular design and protein engineering led us to the development of nemvaleukin and into the oncology therapeutic space. We've proceeded with discipline, adhering to a series of predefined development stage gates along the way for nemvaleukin to confirm the design hypothesis and increase the evidence supporting its further development.
Our protein engineering capabilities have also yielded additional engineered cytokines that are based on established biology and designed to address key challenges. As we look toward the future, with the early traction of the Lybalvi launch and progress in the nemvaleukin development program, the respective value propositions for each of the neuroscience and oncology businesses have come more clearly into focus. The neuroscience business represents an established commercial enterprise with multiple growing products and a distinctive place in a complex market, and an early-stage pipeline that we expect will serve as the next phase of growth. The oncology business includes a differentiated late-stage clinical candidate and a pipeline of pre-clinical biologics. Each has its own compelling investment thesis. For these reasons, we believe the separation could unlock value for shareholders and yield a number of benefits for both businesses.
First, it would drive a sharp strategic focus for each, led by separate and distinct management teams with therapeutic expertise relevant to each business's unique strategic priorities and opportunities. Second, it would simplify capital allocation decision-making at a time when both the launch of Lybalvi and the late-stage development of nemvaleukin are worthy investments that we believe will drive a high return on investment. Through this lens, we believe operating separately will increase each business's flexibility to pursue growth and investment strategies that more directly align with their respective goals. Third, it would allow the capital markets to better assess the value, performance, and potential of each business and attract an appropriately suited shareholder base. Following the planned separation, we expect Alkermes to become a profitable pure-play neuroscience company.
Alkermes will continue to build on our heritage of innovation and excellence in this therapeutic space, focusing on significant unmet needs within neuroscience and driving growth of our proprietary commercial products, Lybalvi, Aristada, and Vivitrol. This portfolio of commercial products drives our growth and profitability. As we execute on the launch of Lybalvi, the operating leverage we've engineered into the business is becoming evident and offers the potential to be transformative for the company. We'll also continue to advance ALKS 2680, our orexin 2 receptor agonist for the treatment of narcolepsy, which is poised to enter first-in-human studies imminently. In the clinic, our goal is to answer critical questions early to enable data-driven decisions, and we plan to move quickly to conduct a proof of concept study in patients with narcolepsy next year.
This candidate is grounded in a strong biological rationale and represents an exciting opportunity in neuroscience that builds on Alkermes' expertise in molecular design and pharmacokinetic optimization. With a strong top line driven by the growth of proprietary products, a specialized commercial infrastructure in neuropsychiatry and addiction, and proven drug development capabilities, this standalone neuroscience business would represent a significant opportunity to capture operating leverage, drive growth and profitability, and advance new potential medicines for neurological disorders. The oncology side of the business also has a compelling standalone investment thesis, anchored by the potential medical and economic value of nemvaleukin, our novel investigational engineered IL-2 variant that's a potential first-in-class cancer immunotherapy. The data from our ARTISTRY-1 clinical study established nemvaleukin's profile and our belief in its clinical potential, both as monotherapy and in combination with pembrolizumab in heavily pretreated patients across multiple tumor types.
Our current development efforts are focused on two difficult-to-treat tumor types. ARTISTRY-6 is evaluating nemvaleukin monotherapy in mucosal melanoma, and ARTISTRY-7 is evaluating nemvaleukin in combination with pembrolizumab in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. However, we believe the full promise of an effective, well-tolerated IL-2 variant derives from the potential to be used in a wider range of combinations and tumor types. By selectively targeting the IL-2 pathway, nemvaleukin has broad potential clinical utility and offers an opportunity for significant value creation as the development program advances and expands. Along with nemvaleukin, the oncology business is comprised of sophisticated protein engineering platform capabilities and our portfolio of novel preclinical engineering cytokines, including our tumor-targeted split IL-12 program and our IL-18 program, each of which has continued to achieve its predefined development stage gates to date.
The oncology team we've assembled over the last few years is comprised of highly experienced individuals with the scientific pedigree and clinical trials expertise to efficiently and strategically advance these oncology assets. The progress we've made to date is thanks to their knowledge, hard work, and dedication. As I mentioned at the outset, the impact of the recently passed Inflation Reduction Act further reinforced our decision to separate the oncology business at this time. In the past, drug developers were essentially indifferent as to whether to interrogate a target with a biologic or a small molecule. The Inflation Reduction Act made biologic medicines more valuable. In order to realize that value, drug developers must adapt their development programs to accommodate the finite window of exclusivity imposed by the legislation and invest in populations of interest earlier in the development life cycle in order to yield greater economic returns.
To that end, we believe separating the oncology business at this time will best support and position nemvaleukin for success. In terms of next steps, we expect to complete the separation in the second half of 2023. We plan to provide additional details regarding the contemplated standalone oncology business, as well as additional financial details for the two contemplated companies at a later date. Completion of a separation would be subject to customary closing conditions, including final approval from our board of directors. We'll look forward to updating you on our progress. With that, I'm gonna turn it over to Iain for his perspectives and a review of our third quarter results. Iain?
Great. Thank you, Richard. Hello, everyone. Picking up where Rich left off, we believe a separation of the neuroscience and oncology businesses offers an opportunity to enhance the performance of both businesses and unlock significant shareholder value. From an operational perspective, it should allow for simplified capital allocation decision-making and increased flexibility to pursue growth and investment strategies more aligned with the goals of each respective business. The strong performance of Lybalvi brings into focus the operating leverage in the neuroscience business. While we're not providing any financial expectations beyond 2022 today, as a pure-play commercial stage neuroscience company, we expect Alkermes will be positioned to deliver enhanced profitability. As we work towards the potential separation, there's a lot of moving parts, and we'll provide more details on our progress and the financial implications when we guide in February.
Now let me turn to our third quarter financial results. We delivered solid results in Q3, driven by the performance of our proprietary commercial products and disciplined management of our cost structure. Lybalvi continued to perform well during the quarter, and we are pleased to raise our financial expectations for the full year based on this performance. I'll provide additional detail on these expectations in a moment, but first I'll start with an overview of our third quarter financial highlights. We generated total revenues of $252.4 million, driven primarily by strength in our proprietary commercial product portfolio. Starting with Vivitrol, net sales in the third quarter were $96.5 million, reflecting 9% growth year-over-year.
Gross to net adjustments in the third quarter of 51.2% were consistent with the second quarter and our guidance for the full year. Today, we're refining our expectation for Vivitrol net sales for the full year to a range of $370 million-$380 million, and we continue to expect gross to net adjustments of approximately 51% for the year. The Aristada product family generated net sales of $75.7 million, a 10% increase year-over-year. Gross to net adjustments were 54.6% in the third quarter, consistent with Q2. Today we're refining our expectation for ARISTADA net sales for the full year to a range of $300 million-$310 million, and we continue to expect gross to net adjustments of approximately 54% for the year.
Lybalvi net sales in the third quarter increased 35% sequentially to $27.1 million, driven primarily by strong underlying demand growth of 36%. In Q3, inventory levels increased in line with this demand by approximately $2 million and gross to net adjustments in the quarter were unchanged at 26%. Today, we're increasing our full year 2022 expectation for Lybalvi net sales from a range of $75 million-$90 million to a range of $88 million-$95 million, including anticipated gross to net adjustments of 27% for the full year. Moving on to our manufacturing and royalty business. In the third quarter, our manufacturing royalty revenues were $52.9 million compared to $136.3 million in the prior year.
The decrease was driven primarily by J&J's termination of royalties from sales of the long-acting Invega products in the U.S. As you know, arbitration proceedings are ongoing in this respect. We continue to recognize royalty revenues from sales of the long-acting Invega products outside of the U.S. Revenues from Vumerity were $26.3 million. During the quarter, we made good progress to address potential supply constraints, and we expect to resume full commercial production in the coming weeks. Lastly, our third quarter results reflect a reversal to royalty revenue of approximately $21.5 million, following the outcome of arbitration proceedings with Acorda Therapeutics related to AMPYRA. Turning now to expenses. Total operating expenses were $313 million for the third quarter, compared to $313.8 million in the same period in the prior year.
For the third quarter, cost of goods sold was $50.6 million, slightly lower than Q2, due primarily to the timing of manufacturing across various partnered products. R&D expenses for the third quarter were $100.4 million, reflecting focused investments in the nemvaleukin clinical program and our earlier stage neuroscience and oncology development programs, including preparations for the first in-human study of ALKS 2680. This compared to $118.4 million for the same period in the prior year, which included a $25 million development milestone related to our HDAC inhibitor platform. SG&A expenses were $152.8 million compared to $136.2 million for the prior year, driven primarily by investments in the launch of Lybalvi.
Our top line results, combined with our continued focus on disciplined operating expense management, resulted in a GAAP net loss for the quarter of $64 million and a non-GAAP net income of $3.5 million. Turning to our balance sheet. We ended the third quarter in a strong financial position with approximately $747 million in cash and total investments, and total debt outstanding of approximately $294 million, resulting in positive net cash position of close to $453 million. I'll shift now to our financial expectations for 2022, which primarily reflect the strong performance of Lybalvi, updated assumptions around royalty revenues from ex-U.S. sales of the long-acting Invega products, and the impact of the repayment of royalties related to AMPYRA. Our full 2022 expectations are outlined in the press release we issued earlier this morning.
For the top line, we now expect higher total revenues in the range of $1.07 billion-$1.12 billion, a net increase of $10 million at the midpoint, due primarily to improved expectations for Lybalvi. This also reflects our updated assumption that we will receive royalty revenues on ex-U.S. sales of the long-acting Invega products through the end of the year, and the reversal of AMPYRA royalty revenue that I referred to earlier. With respect to operating expenses, we've increased our expectation for cost of goods sold by $5 million at the midpoint, primarily to reflect higher volumes of the proprietary products. As we're in the last quarter of the year, we're narrowing our expectations for R&D and SG&A expenses, each within the previous guidance ranges.
These updated expectations increase GAAP net loss by $10 million at the midpoint. As we strip out the non-operating and the one-time items, our expectation for non-GAAP net income improves by $10 million at the midpoint to a new range of $25 million-$55 million. Taking a step back, we've continued to focus on operating efficiencies and on realizing the operating leverage we've built into the commercial infrastructure. We believe this will become even more evident with the planned separation of the oncology business. As we advance this process, we'll continue to focus on unlocking shareholder value and positioning both the neuroscience and the oncology businesses for growth and success. With that, I'll hand the call over to Todd to provide more detail on our commercial performance during the quarter.
Thanks, Iain. Good morning, everyone. As we approach the end of 2022, I am proud of what our commercial organization has achieved during the year. We continue to navigate the ebbs and flows of the pandemic, further implemented our alcohol-dependent strategy for Vivitrol, drove growth for Aristada, and launched what we believe will be a significant product in the oral atypical market with Lybalvi. In the third quarter, total product revenue from our proprietary commercial portfolio grew approximately 26% year-over-year to $199.4 million. Lybalvi has now been in the market for one year. In this time, we have established important market experience, collected feedback from providers, patients, and payers, and gained confidence in the real-world value proposition that Lybalvi offers.
As you've heard from Iain, we've raised our expectations to be in the range of $88 million-$95 million for 2022 based on strong underlying demand and prescriber adoption. This represents a strong first year in the market and puts Lybalvi on an exciting growth trajectory. In the quarter, Lybalvi net sales increased 35% sequentially to $27.1 million, reflecting robust unit growth. Total prescriptions approached 23,000 during the quarter, representing growth of approximately 36% sequentially, driven by Lybalvi's differentiated product profile and our commercial execution. This strong demand was largely due to increased prescriber breadth, which is an important indicator of interest in the product. At the end of the third quarter, approximately 6,000 prescribers had written a prescription for Lybalvi since its launch, which represents a 41% increase since the end of Q2.
At this stage in the launch, driving prescriber breadth continues to be a key priority as we work to position Lybalvi for long-term growth. As we attain certain thresholds that provide a breadth, direct-to-consumer advertising also will play an important role to further drive patient and caregiver awareness of Lybalvi. As we have seen, DTC activities have driven growth of brands in this market. Based on our progress, we are finalizing our plans and expect to commence this important investment to support growth of the brand next year. Lybalvi's utilization source of business in Q3 continued to be encouraging and were consistent with the second quarter. Prescriptions continued to be evenly split between schizophrenia and bipolar I patients. Approximately half of patients switched to Lybalvi from olanzapine, with the remainder coming from other brand and generic agents, which we believe underscores the broad utility of this treatment option.
The market access profile for Lybalvi continues to be established, and initial payer decisions have been made across health plans. In general, Lybalvi is being treated similar to other branded agents. In Medicare and Medicaid, we continue to have a pathway to access for all patients. On the commercial side, as payer coverage continues to be established more broadly, eligible patients have a pathway to access, supported by our patient co-pay assistance programs. With the first 12 months of launch behind us, we are gratified that more than 14,000 patients have now been treated with Lybalvi. We remain focused on executing our launch strategy and driving awareness of this important treatment option. Turning to Aristada.
For the Aristada product family, net sales in the third quarter were $75.7 million, driven primarily by TRX growth of 7% year- over- year on a months of therapy basis and growth in prescriber breadth. As expected, sequential growth from Q2 was flat, reflecting typical seasonal patterns and the lingering effects of frontline worker staffing shortages. We continue to focus on driving growth of this important product family based on its differentiated profile and value proposition. Together, Lybalvi and Aristada position us as a leader in treatment for serious mental illness and represent a significant opportunity to drive efficiencies and value creation for our shareholders. Vivitrol net sales in the third quarter increased approximately 9% year- over- year to $96.5 million, driven primarily by the alcohol dependence indication. This indication accounted for approximately 60% of the Vivitrol business in the quarter.
While some aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic are now behind us, we saw an inverse correlation between COVID-19 cases and Vivitrol prescription trends during the quarter. We believe this impact is driven by decreased patient volume and by critical staffing shortages at addiction treatment provider offices. Despite these challenges, Vivitrol continues to represent an important treatment option for people with alcohol and opioid dependence. Taking a step back, Vivitrol is a complex product in a complex treatment environment. It has taken us many years to establish our bespoke capabilities for this product. Through our more than decade-long efforts in this space, Alkermes has established itself as a trusted partner and resource for patients and healthcare providers committed to the treatment of addiction. We look forward to continuing to serve patients on their recovery journey. I am proud of what we have accomplished through the first three quarters of the year.
As we approach year-end, our commercial teams have clear goals and retain their sharp focus on execution and driving the growth of our proprietary medicines. Our commercial stage neuroscience product portfolio represents an important opportunity to drive value both for patients and for our shareholders. We have established a specialized commercial capability designed to navigate the complex treatment systems in psychiatry and addiction that will be an important asset as we further sharpen our focus on neuroscience through the proposed separation. Now I'll turn the call back over to Rich.
Thanks. Thank you, Todd. As you can see, we're driving the evolution of the business. We've delivered on two major strategic imperatives over the past year. The successful launch of Lybalvi elevates the profile of our neuroscience business, and the continuing progress in nemvaleukin in the cytokine pipeline underscores the potential value of our biologic oncology assets. Said another way, the value propositions for both the neuroscience and oncology businesses have come more sharply into focus. With the planned separation, we believe both will be well positioned for growth and that their unique needs will be well served by focused management, simplified capital allocation decisions, and tailored operating structures. We expect that each standalone business will offer compelling investment opportunity for shareholders. In the meantime, we'll continue to work to drive value across all aspects of the business as we progress toward a separation.
In closing, it's important to note that the work of our committed employees over the last several years has positioned both elements of the business for success. I wanna thank them for that. Even as the two businesses find their own path, I'm confident that each will continue Alkermes' commitment to great science, deep compassion, and real impact. With that, I'll turn the call to Sandy to run the Q&A.
Great. Thanks, Rich. Melissa will now open the call for Q&A, please.
Thank you. If you'd like to ask a question, please press star one on your telephone keypad. A confirmation tone will indicate your line is in the question queue. You may press star two if you'd like to remove your question from the queue. For participants using speaker equipment, it may be necessary to pick up your handset before pressing the star keys. In the interest of time, we ask that you each keep to one question and one follow-up. Thank you. Our first question comes from the line of Umer Raffat with Evercore ISI. Please proceed with your question.
Good morning, guys. Thanks for taking my question. I have two here, if I may. First, Richard, to what extent can we read into the spin announcement and where your confidence stands on Lybalvi? You think you can track above where street expectations are in 2023 without perhaps getting into specific guidance? Then secondly, I feel like this will be so important to the valuation of spin, when should we be expecting a DSMB look into ARTISTRY-6 and ARTISTRY-7 in 2023? And do you guys intend to put out formal announcements? I gotta believe investors that'll be getting equity will be very curious about what's there to learn from the monotherapy and the combo trials. Thank you.
Good morning, Umer. Thanks. The first question, I think that our decision at the board level to spin was largely predicated on our growing confidence in the long-term value of Lybalvi, which supports the CNS side of the business. The CNS side of the business is so clearly now maturing to the point where it has this bespoke commercial capability that Todd talked about. It has three products in the market, and now with our first major market oral product in the bipolar and schizophrenia space. We wanted a year under our belt to see what the product profile was in the real world. We're really gratified. Todd mentioned that 14,000 people have been on this drug now. That gives you a real nice denominator to start understanding the profile of the medicine. 6,000 prescribers now.
We're not guessing anymore. We know. Where I feel like from a capital allocation perspective, allocating capital to the growth of Lybalvi makes all the sense in the world. Decoupling it from the oncology business just allows investors to focus on that. The simple answer to your question is, yeah, it really does. It is really based on our emerging view of Lybalvi. For the spin oncology company, the timing of that is also really fortunate because, as I mentioned, the spin probably won't be complete until the second half of next year. We'll be able to enroll in ARTISTRY-6, excuse me, in ARTISTRY-7, all up until that point. By the time we spin, we'll have very precise understandings about readouts, interim looks, if any, and other data that'll augment the value proposition for the spin.
Thank you.
Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Chris Shibutani with Goldman Sachs. Please proceed with your question.
Thank you. Good morning. Certainly apropos of the thoughtful process that you and your team and the board have undergone in making what we consider to be really a compelling and transformational decision, did not go unrecognized that you selected Fleetwood Mac's You Can Go Your Own Way on the conference call. Hold music energy is quite clear. Richard, the timing, you referenced the IRA as an element that helps define some of the environment here. You also mentioned about the confidence in Lybalvi. Anything further that would help us understand that timing? When we think about the standalone neuroscience business, I know that you're gonna provide us with more details. Clearly, directionally, we're gonna get more profitability, but how do you envision what that profile could look like?
Thinking about the P&L here, is it more to be, you know, the level of R&D spending in particular characteristic of more of a specialty pharma company with an emphasis on business development and later stage development? Help us understand what the portfolio of neuroscience and that profile could look like, further down the road. Thank you.
Good morning, Chris, and thank you for acknowledging the deciphering the introductory music, which is always carefully considered by Sandy and the team. Starting with the oncology side of it, I'm not quite sure that people have fully clocked the implications of the Inflation Reduction Act on capital allocation in biopharma writ large. You're beginning to hear some of the larger cap companies talk about it, and it's not a matter of waiting for price controls that are being imposed in a matter of time. Capital allocations have changed today in favor of biologic molecules over small molecules, given the longer period of exclusivity. It's been reckoned that the difference between 13 and nine years is about 50% of the total cash on cash from a revenue perspective.
If you can interrogate a biological target with a biologic now, you have to do that compared to a small molecule. It's interesting because when you look at our engineered cytokine portfolio, it's always been biologic based. The virtue of cytokines, of course, is these are nature's molecules, and they have well-established biological activity. We think that a stand-alone oncology unit based on biologics with a late-stage asset, you don't have to think about it as one of many IL-2 variants. You can look at nemvaleukin based on the data that have been presented in the tumor types that we're developing it in. We think it has a really interesting and compelling investment thesis.
On the CNS side, the way we view it right now is that the CNS side will have enhanced profitability driven by synergies that we have from the multiple products and the growth of Lybalvi. On the R&D side of the CNS side, we have the orexin program moving into the clinic, you know, within a matter of days. That'll be the principal R&D spend on the identified late-stage pipeline. There are some earlier things in the lab that we're working on, but on a stand-alone basis, you would say that pipeline would probably wanna be augmented over time through business development activities. That's why when Iain mentioned, you know, we'll provide more guidance on both halves of the business as we get into 2023 guidance. You know, we're working out those models right now, but we're excited about the way we can get a lift on the CNS side, and we can also then have the oncology side have the ability to attract its own capital to expand its program if warranted.
Thank you. We're excited about the decision and look forward to learning more about the path. Thanks, Richard.
Thanks, Chris.
Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Brandon Folkes with Cantor Fitzgerald. Please proceed with your question.
Hi. Thanks for taking my questions, and congratulations on the results and the spin. Maybe just two for me on Lybalvi. Can you just talk a little bit about the longer term gross to net? How we should think about this? I know in the past, we've kind of thought about this class leveling out around the 40% range. You know, as the product gets more mature, and maybe we sort of head towards those peak sales over the, you know, coming years, how do we think about where gross to net could level off?
Yeah. Brandon, thanks for the question. I'll take that one. From a gross to net perspective, I think what you've seen over the last few quarters is for this year, it's been relatively stable around that 26%-27%. That was better than we originally anticipated for all the reasons we've talked about in the past, primarily access within the commercial space and the utilization of the co-pay assistance program. You know, we're happy obviously to be raising guidance for the second time this year on Lybalvi. We brought the gross to net down from the 30% that we had in July to 27% for this year. I think beyond that, the long-term gross to net's really gonna be driven by how the remaining contracting goes on the commercial side. We're gonna be working on that over the next 6-9 months, and we'll be able to provide more details around that when we guide to 2020 through on our year-end earnings call in February.
Great. Thanks. Maybe just one follow-up. You know, you did a great job adding breadth of prescribers on Lybalvi during the quarter. I know you touched on this, but how should we think about the opportunity going deeper into the current prescriber base versus breadth? Any color on active prescribers in the quarter versus the second quarter? Along those lines, how do you think about your current commercial footprint there as we sort of go into 2023? Do you think it benefits you to add any salespeople just to kind of stay in front of prescribers until you have that brand recognition? Thank you.
Yeah. Brandon, this is Todd. I'll take the first part and actually both parts. Starting with the prescriber breadth. You know, as I said in the prepared remarks, launched today, we have 6,000 prescribers that have written prescription for Lybalvi, which we think is really encouraging. When we look at the quarter, just for Q3, we had approximately 3,600 prescribers that actually wrote a prescription for Lybalvi, and that continues to grow. We see that month-over-month and week-over-week, so our penetration rate continues to expand. We have a target audience that we approach of approximately 23,000 providers, and that represents north of about 70% of all the branded prescriptions. We continue to penetrate that prescriber audience, and we're encouraged by that.
What we hear consistently from the prescriber base is that they're using the product for schizophrenia patients and also seeing the benefit for bipolar patients as well. You know, the leading indicator for us right now, and we've said since the launch, the best leading indicator of the success of this brand is prescriber adoption. We're very encouraged by the trends that we're seeing. In terms of the commercial footprint.
We've been working on the commercial footprint for a number of years, and we've built in a lot of synergy across our entire commercial enterprise, across Vivitrol, Lybalvi and Aristada. We're now starting to see the benefits of this. We believe that our sales force sizing, our placement is at a good place right now. We'll always make some slight adjustments around the margins, but nothing significant at this point. We're not expecting to add a significant amount of new sales professionals. As I said earlier, we are planning for eventually sometime next year to launch a broader DTC campaign, which we believe will drive further new patient starts and awareness among providers and patients.
Very helpful. Thank you very much.
Thank you. Our next question comes from line of Paul Matteis with Stifel. Please proceed with your question.
Hi, this is James on for Paul. Thanks for taking our question and maybe just another one on Lybalvi. In terms of kinda, you know, different patient segments, I guess, where are you seeing the utilization the most so far? Is it the quicker switches and those who've already experienced significant weight gain? I guess kind of just looking ahead, how do you think about kinda these different patient segments and where you may see the most kind of durable growth and kind of utilization going forward? Thanks so much.
Yeah, absolutely. About half of the Lybalvi patients right now are olanzapine switches, which that was what we had anticipated through all of our market research prior to launch and going through the launch right now. The rest of the switches are coming from a variety of products, generic and branded, which we find very encouraging because Lybalvi is not dependent on one source of switch, which is a very important strategic approach for us as well. This tells us, and we validate this through our research, our HCP research, that HCPs tell us once they get experienced with Lybalvi, which is specifically dependent upon the efficacy, so they see the value of the efficacy of olanzapine.
Once they get experienced with Lybalvi, they start to expand the profile of the patient that they're looking for. As you know, this is a very dynamic market. The total market is about almost 60,000 switches on a monthly basis. About 13,000 patients are switching from generic agents to branded agents, so that's the space that Lybalvi really lives in, is that branded switch right now. There's millions of patients, over 5 million patients for bipolar, over 2 million patients for schizophrenia, and we're right at the very beginning of this. We see this as not only an option for patients that are switching from olanzapine, but also are not getting the efficacy from other generic agents and or branded agents as well.
Thanks so much.
Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Oya Ir with Mizuho. Please proceed with your question.
Hey, guys. Thanks for taking my question and congrats on a good quarter. Just on Vivitrol, could you sort of dissect for us how you see the product growing going forward? Like, what would drive growth? Would it come more from the opioid side or the alcohol side? What must you do either in terms of essentially driving growth going forward? Thanks.
Yeah, absolutely. Vivitrol, as we said, is a very important product to us, and we're pleased with the results that we achieved in Q3, 9% year-over-year growth. This was really driven by our alcohol dependence indication and also expanding provider breadth of utilization. It's a really important point that we're watching very closely, even at this period of the life cycle of Vivitrol, we continue to see adoption by providers. We believe that the long-term opportunity for Vivitrol really is grounded in the AUD opportunity. You know, the data is very convincing externally. There's over 27 million people that have AUD, with only 400,000 that are on therapy right now. And we see the growth for Vivitrol long term really being driven by this adoption within alcohol dependence.
It represents approximately 60% of the mix right now for VivitrolL, about 35% for opioid. There's still some headwinds in the opioid market right now in relation to COVID-19, staffing shortages, and controlled settings of care. Long term, we think there's enormous opportunity to grow Vivitrol and to penetrate the alcohol dependence market, particularly in the outpatient setting and by growing prescriber breadth of utilization. Over 60% of our new prescribers are coming on board writing prescriptions for alcohol dependence, so we think the value proposition is starting to resonate with those providers.
Thanks. Can I ask a housekeeping question? Going forward, will you be booking any AMPYRA royalties?
No. Going forward, we will not be booking any more AMPYRA royalties. I mean, AMPYRA wasn't really a particularly material part of our business at this point. It was maybe $10 million of royalty revenue a year.
All right. Thank you.
Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of David Amsellem with Piper Sandler. Please proceed with your question.
Hey, thanks. Just have a couple. First on Vivitrol, any comments on the upcoming trial with Teva? Just more broadly, can you talk about how you're thinking about exclusivity runway here? It's not a crowded generic filing, but, you know, what's your thinking around generic entry if it comes to market early if they're into it so. Secondly, where can you just talk about what kind of capital we'll need and ultimately, you know, what the structure will be? I mean, this will be, you know, an R&D-based business. How should we think about, you know, initial funding requirements and, you know, what you're going to need to ultimately, you know, bring nemvaleukin into commercialization? Thank you.
You broke up a bit, but I think we heard your questions. I'll take them both, I think. On Vivitrol, we're preparing for a trial with Teva later in November. We've been confident in our IP position from the get-go, so we're preparing for that trial, and we'll see where that ends up. You know, there's always the opportunity for discussing whether settlements are appropriate, but we feel strong about our IP position with respect to the drug. With that said, as we've said for many years, we don't really see this as a classic generic loss of exclusivity setting, primarily because of the interesting dynamics within this market.
The relatively low cost of the products in Medicaid, where a lot of the business is, the relatively high cost of production of these aseptically produced microspheres, and the fact that the distribution network is outside the classic, you know, pharmaceutical distribution chain of retail pharmacy. This is largely a regional or national specialty pharma cold chain injectable product. The generic activity has been very light. Teva has filed. We don't believe they actually have an approval for a drug yet. Our expectation is that the normal curve that you would see when a generic enters into this market will not be the classic curve that you would have experienced otherwise. We'll see how this all plays out over time.
As Todd mentioned in the earlier remarks, we've built a presence in this quote-unquote market over the last several years. This is not reps calling on doctors. These are treatment systems. These are public health systems. This is criminal justice. This is federal and state government, so it's a slightly different setting. We're hopeful that if other people come into the market, it can help actually build awareness of medication-assisted treatment actually in alcohol in particular. We'll wait to see what the impacts are.
On the oncology funding side, the way that we see it playing out is that we'll be funding, you know, within the context of the combined companies up until the second half of next year, and that will yield additional insights into the funding requirements that would be necessary at spin. We have certainly not foreclosed the idea of ongoing collaboration or other type of third-party investments in the program. Our goal when we spin will to be to have enough capital within the spin co that it will have the ability to reach its major value-changing milestones. The actual size of that commitment, we'll make the call later in the year. Iain, is that a fair way of-
That's fair. Thank you.
Absolutely. Yeah. Good.
That's helpful. Thank you.
You're welcome.
Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Marc Goodman with SVB Securities. Please proceed with your question.
Yes, good morning. First, in the pipeline, can you give us an update on the HDAC inhibitor program? Second, on Orexin-2, what have you done to give you confidence that the molecule doesn't have the side effect issues that Takeda's has? Third question is just on the split. Can you give us a sense of how much R&D you spend on the oncology business? I don't know if you said that at the beginning. I missed the beginning of the call. You may have said it, and I apologize. Then also on the spin, do we take your, you know, your internal R&D, you know, kind of functioning and people and stuff and just kind of carve it up into two? Is that what's gonna happen? Because you're gonna use the same facilities and the same same areas and stuff. Just trying to understand just the logistics of how you carve this into two. Thanks.
Morning, Mark. I'll answer a couple, and then Iain can give you some more of the details. On the HDACs, we stopped the development of 1140, which was the first one we put in the clinic because of the metabolic profile. We have backups. We've gone to the backups now. We're seeing some encouraging things in the backups, but it's too early to say whether we're gonna have another candidate that emerges because the threshold for nomination is quite high. We understand that both the chemistry and the biology that we wanna achieve, and if we hit it, then we'll put another one into the clinic. Too early to call that right now. We're quite excited about 2680, the Orexin program going into the clinic.
We'll start that study here in the next couple weeks. I think by our assessment and I think everybody in the field's assessment, including Takeda's, their first setback was really driven by what they think is idiosyncratic to the molecule that they were taking to the clinic, with respect to a liver finding. We've seen no preclinical evidence of any such thing with this molecule. We have a different structure, and as you know, subtle changes in structure can have big impacts on these types of things. We'll know when we know, but the necessary prerequisite to knowing is getting into the clinic, and we'll start that single ascending dose study imminently.
I think that's gonna be very informative for the reasons that you can derive from watching other people move into the clinic. What's interesting about the program though, as you know, Marc, is once you get past your single ascending dose, as you clear doses that you're deemed to be, you know, pharmaceutically relevant, you move into the multi-dose studies, and there, the EEG readouts become quite informative early on. It's one of the ones where unlike in certain psychiatric indications, this neurological indication, you can get some pretty high fidelity translatable or translational medicine results early in the clinic. We're really excited about moving forward on that. I'll let Iain answer the questions on the dollars around the oncology.
Yeah. From an R&D mechanics perspective, as you can see from the SEC filings, we've been averaging around $80 million of external spend on nemvaleukin specifically over the last couple of years, and we're trending towards that this year as well. You can anticipate that that number would likely increase over coming years as the registrational studies, ARTISTRY-6, ARTISTRY-7 enroll, and those earlier stage assets advance in the pipeline. On top of that, we've got a dedicated group of employees who work on the program who will move over to Mural Oncology, and we're working through all that at the moment. I think as you think about 2023, there's a couple of important things to think about. One is timing.
The potential timing of the separation is ultimately gonna be sort of informing what the P&L for both Alkermes and the oncology company look like. We will need to build out a little bit of infrastructure on the oncology side as well, so it's able to operate successfully on a standalone basis. As you can imagine, there's a number of moving parts, and we'll be able to provide a lot more clarity around that on our year-end earnings call in February.
Thanks.
Thank you. Our next question comes from line of Jason Gerberry with Bank of America. Please proceed with your question.
Oh, hey, guys. Thanks for taking my questions. One just on the Vivitrol legal situation. I appreciate the comments regarding settlement and the fact that most settlements happen closer to a litigation event. I'm just curious, it seems like there's some unique factors with the Teva. Like, they actually have an ANDA product. I believe Amneal did not have an ANDA product, so they're probably first to file. So just curious if there are impediments to a deal because of that, or does this allow you to offer them a better deal? Or does the Amneal deal have restrictions in terms of you being able to offer them a better deal than what the Amneal represented? Just sort of curious how.
I'm sure you probably don't wanna get too much into revealing your cards here, but just curious if you think there are any unique factors that could be an impediment to a deal. Just on the 2026 profit targets, given PROC and mucosal melanoma probably would have been wound down by 2026. I'm just curious if that has any impact on the 2026 targets. Apologies if I missed that, I just jumped over.
Good morning, Jason. I'll talk about the Teva side of it. I would say that Teva, there's no impediments to it. It's a clean slate. We would enter any type of settlement agreement based on the facts and circumstances of the interaction. They have an ANDA filed, they don't have an ANDA approved. What we found with a number of would-be generic players in this space or branded players in this space, making these aseptic microspheres at scale with a highly water-soluble compound like Naltrexone is very challenging. Having to match a PK profile for an ANDA AB substitutable product is challenging stuff.
We've always felt very comfortable about not just the IP protection, but the actual operational and market impediments to coming in and trying to just do the classic undercutting, winning on 180 days and then supplying at a low price. I just don't think that model applies here. I think we'll go into the Teva situation, unconstrained by what we've done with Amneal or anybody else.
Jason, just on the profitability targets, as we talked about earlier on the call, we're not updating financial expectations beyond 2022 today. I think one of the key messages that hopefully came across is that we do anticipate there's gonna be enhanced profitability for the neuroscience company going forward. But obviously, we've got a lot to work through, and we'll provide more information and financial details on the February year-end earnings call.
Thanks.
Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, there are no further questions at this time. I'll turn the floor back to Ms. Coombs for any final comments.
Great. Thank you everyone for joining us on the call today. If you have any follow-up questions, please don't hesitate to reach out to us at the company. Thanks so much and have a great day.
Thank you. This concludes today's conference. You may disconnect your lines at this time. Thank you for your participation.