As a reminder, this conference call is being recorded. It is now my pleasure to introduce your host, Ms. Monique Kosse with LifeSci Advisors. Thank you. You may begin.
Thank you, operator, and thank you everyone for participating in today's T-COVID conference call. Leading the call today will be Vipin Garg, Chief Executive Officer of Altimmune. Also participating on the call today is Scot Roberts, Chief Scientific Officer, Scott Harris, Chief Medical Officer, and Will Brown, Chief Financial Officer. After their prepared remarks, we will open up the call for a question and answer session. A press release announcing the launch of the T-COVID program was issued this morning and can be found on the investors page of the company's website. Before we begin, I would like to remind everyone that remarks about future expectations, plans, and prospects constitute forward-looking statements for the purposes of the safe harbor provisions under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.
Altimmune cautions that these forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated, including those related to COVID-19 and its impact on our business operations, clinical trials, and results of operations. For a discussion of some of the risks and factors that could affect the company's future results, please see the risk factors and other cautionary statements contained in the company's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. I would also direct you to read the forward-looking statement disclaimer in our press release issued this morning and now available on our website. Any statements made on this conference call speak only as of today's date, Monday, June 1st, 2020, and the company does not undertake any obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that occur on or after today's date.
As a reminder, this conference call is being recorded and will be available for audio rebroadcast on Altimmune's website at www.altimmune.com. With that, I will now turn the call over to Vipin Garg, Chief Executive Officer of Altimmune. Vipin, please go ahead.
Thank you, Monique. Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining us as we discuss the initiation of our clinical program for T-COVID, our intranasal therapeutic product candidate for COVID-19. Before I begin, I would like to clarify the difference between the T-COVID program, which is the subject of this morning's discussion, and AdCOVID vaccine development program, which we have discussed in the past. In February, we announced the development of AdCOVID, our single-dose intranasal vaccine candidate to protect against COVID-19. AdCOVID is based on our replication-deficient adenovirus platform technology, rAd5, which is also used in our NasoVAX vaccine for influenza and our NasoShield vaccine for anthrax. Development of AdCOVID is progressing well with our collaborators at the University of Alabama at Birmingham currently performing preclinical testing of our candidate vaccines.
We expect to begin sharing the results of this testing near the end of June and are hopeful that the next step will be the initiation of human clinical trials in Q4 2020. Based on the proposed product profile of AdCOVID, we're very excited about the prospects of this vaccine program. In addition to developing our AdCOVID vaccine, we also recognize the need for additional therapeutic options for those with COVID-19. We have known for some time that our rAd5 vectors can modulate the innate immune system of the respiratory tract in a way that protected animals against the effects of severe respiratory virus infection. This effect is unrelated to a vaccine effect or the stimulation of specific immunity against the pathogen, and instead relates to an alteration of the host's innate immune response, lessening the exaggerated inflammation that can be associated with pandemic respiratory infections such as SARS-CoV-2.
As this pandemic unfolded, we realized we had an opportunity to test this novel immunomodulatory activity of our vaccine technology in a clinical setting, and the team has been working diligently to design a clinical trial to evaluate this therapeutic application of our vector technology. We call this T-COVID. Immunomodulation is one of the important therapeutic approaches that is currently being evaluated for COVID-19. However, most of these efforts have been directed to treating hospitalized patients with a focus on ARDS or cytokine storm. By contrast, T-COVID is targeting individuals who have recently been infected and are showing early symptoms with the goal of modulating the severity of lung inflammation and potentially stop the progression of the disease before hospitalization is required. The T-COVID approach, therefore, is highly differentiated from other current applications of immunomodulatory agents targeted at advanced lung disease.
We began discussing this approach with the FDA in late March, and the agency has been very responsive and involved with our program. As has been widely reported, the FDA has been inundated with COVID-19 related programs, and despite their heavy workload, they did an incredible job with the review of our submission throughout the pre-IND meeting and IND process. We requested an expedited review from the FDA and received clearance 23 days following our submission. I would like to publicly thank the FDA review team for their prompt attention and thoughtful comments, which were very helpful to our regulatory filing process and helped us design a study protocol that we feel very good about. One of the key aspects of our ability to undertake the T-COVID development program is that we will be using our existing supply of NasoVAX influenza vaccine to perform the T-COVID therapeutic trial.
This allows us to start the clinical trial immediately. I will now turn the call over to Scot Roberts, our Chief Scientific Officer, who will discuss in more detail the preclinical studies that led us to this new clinical approach, the mechanism of action of T-COVID, and the use of NasoVAX drug product for the trial. Scot?
Thank you, Vipin, and good morning, everyone. As Vipin indicated, T-COVID is the application of our replication-deficient adenovirus type 5, or rAd5, vaccine technology as a potential therapeutic for COVID-19. The scientific basis for this approach stemmed from the studies we conducted with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. In those studies, we observed that intranasal administration of our Ad5 vectors protected mice from death following lethal challenge with a respiratory virus. The protection occurred within days and was not associated with any type of vaccine effect that one normally thinks about, such as antibodies, T-cells, mucosal IgA directed against the challenge virus. Instead, we found that treatment with our rAd5 vectors effected an immunomodulatory response that culminated in significantly decreased levels of inflammatory cytokines and inflammation in the lung that occurs following challenge with a respiratory virus.
The inflammatory cytokines that were suppressed in the treated animals included IL-1α, IL-12, and IL-6. It is important to note that for the protection to occur, the rAd5 vector had to be administered by the intranasal route, as intramuscular injection was ineffective in providing protection. The suppression of IL-6 levels is especially relevant to COVID-19, as IL-6 is believed to be involved in ARDS and death associated with severe COVID-19. Earlier, I indicated that the protective effect of T-COVID was mediated by our rAd5 vector technology and not associated with a specific vector. In fact, much of the preclinical work was performed with an rAd5 vector that did not express any vaccine antigen at all. Importantly, essentially identical protective results were obtained with a NasoVAX influenza vector.
Considering we have remaining NasoVAX drug product from our phase II clinical study available, the FDA has agreed that we may use NasoVAX as the therapeutic vector in the upcoming T-COVID clinical trial, allowing us to launch this trial in June. With that, I'll turn the call over to Scott Harris, Altimmune's Chief Medical Officer, who will discuss our clinical trial plans. Scott?
Thank you, Scot, and good morning, everyone. As Vipin noted, we held a pre-IND meeting with FDA in late March and filed the IND in early May. The agency was gracious in granting Altimmune a pre-IND meeting and expediting review of the IND in a shorter timeframe than the usual PDUFA guidance. We want to thank the agency for its wholehearted support in moving products for COVID-19 forward as quickly as possible in the face of this pandemic. Their efforts on our behalf were particularly remarkable in view of the number of applications they have received since the start of the pandemic. The clinical trial which Altimmune is initiating is a placebo-controlled phase I-II study to evaluate the potential of T-COVID to prevent clinical worsening in outpatients with early COVID-19.
The trial design is in line with the recent FDA guidance for the conduct of clinical trials during the COVID-19 pandemic, and it's based on the concept that T-COVID, administered as a single intranasal dose to patients with recent diagnosis of COVID-19. In early symptoms could prevent the progression to severe lung inflammation and decrease the development of advanced COVID-19 and the need for hospitalization. The trial is expected to enroll approximately 100 patients with a recent diagnosis of COVID-19 and early symptoms who will be randomized one-to-one to receive either intranasal T-COVID or intranasal placebo administered in the outpatient setting. Patients will be followed at home for the next 14 days. These patients will be provided mobile pulse oximetry devices and tablets recording their symptoms over this 14-day time period. This will be supplemented with daily phone calls from the investigative site.
Patients will be followed out to 42 days for hospitalization and medical status. No clinic visits will be required unless the patient is determined to need medical attention. The primary endpoint for the study is the proportion of patients with clinical worsening, which is defined as a 4% decrease in pulse oxygen saturation or the need for hospitalization. Secondary endpoints include change in pulse oxygen saturation, heart rate, the need for oxygenation, and the need for mechanical ventilation. As a further background, I'd like to spend a few moments on the underlying safety profile of T-COVID, which builds on the safety profile of our intranasal rAd5 vector vaccines, which include NasoVAX, our intranasal influenza vaccine, and NasoShield, our intranasal vaccine for anthrax. To date, 176 subjects have been dosed across five clinical studies with an adverse event profile similar to placebo.
To further ensure the safety of study participants, we are announcing patients will be enrolled in three cohorts of increasing risk for deterioration of COVID-19 based on age and clinical risk factors for more severe disease, with safety reviews at the completion of each cohort. From a timing perspective, the clinical trial is expected to commence in June and read out rapidly, with study results anticipated as early as the fourth quarter of 2020. These individuals have expressed enthusiasm for the concept of T-COVID and the design of the clinical trial. Clinical trial sites have already been recruited. I want to finish by saying that there is a serious unmet need for therapeutics for COVID-19. While multiple other investigative efforts are underway, they have mainly been focused on patients who are hospitalized with established pulmonary deterioration.
In contrast, T-COVID is squarely focused on outpatients and the prevention of hospitalization and deterioration in this population. Pending a successful readout, we also anticipate discussions with FDA about future clinical trials and emergency use authorization. With that, I'll turn it back over to Vipin Garg. Vipin?
Thank you, Scot. I would like to add that looking forward, we envision other important usage of T-COVID. For example, we believe it could be studied not only for the treatment of early COVID-19, but for pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis for higher-risk individuals, such as frontline healthcare workers. Based on the underlying activity of T-COVID, we believe it would also be attractive as a first-line defense for other viral respiratory pathogens for which vaccines are not yet available, such as an influenza pandemic or if a new strain of coronavirus emerges. As a public health initiative, treatment consisting of a single intranasal dose not requiring the use of needles or infusion with the potential for self-administration would be extremely attractive in the setting of a pandemic.
From international health perspective, the current stability profile at ambient or room temperature may allow T-COVID to be widely distributed worldwide without the need for refrigeration. These are important concepts that go well beyond the immediate readout of the clinical trial that we are now initiating. Finally, I would like to say that everyone in the company has worked extremely hard over the last few months to launch two new programs, in addition to advancing our existing and very exciting portfolio of drug and vaccine candidates in other therapeutic areas. We continue to be dedicated and committed to increasing value to our shareholders and very much look forward to generating data across our portfolio. Before we open the call for Q&A, I would like to turn the call over to Will Brown, our Chief Financial Officer, who will provide some financial updates. Will?
Thank you, Vipin, and good morning, everyone. As we reported on our Q1 earnings call, we ended Q1 with $33 million of cash and investments on hand. Since that call, we have seen 4.6 million warrants exercised for proceeds of approximately $16 million. This additional cash, along with the anticipated cash tax refund of $2.9 million related to our NOL carryback, puts Altimmune in a strong financial position to execute the T-COVID trial. As the team has discussed, we will be using existing NasoVAX drug product in the T-COVID trial, which saves considerable manufacturing-related cost in addition to allowing us to commence the trial quickly. Accordingly, our costs are primarily related to conducting the clinical trial and are expected to be approximately $5 million.
Finally, today, we amended our prospectus supplement related to our previously announced equity distribution agreement with JMP Securities, which increases the offering amount from $18.9 million to $50 million. We made this amendment considering we are no longer subject to baby shelf rules given the recent appreciation of our stock price. Now, I would like to open the call for Q&A. Operator?
Thank you. If you would like to ask a question, please press star one on your telephone keypad. A confirmation tone will indicate your line is in the question queue. You may press star two if you would like to remove your question from the queue, and for participants using speaker equipment, it may be necessary to pick up the handset before pressing the star keys. Our first question is from Yasmeen Rahimi with ROTH Capital Partners. Please proceed.
Hi, team. Thank you for taking our questions, congratulations on the great progress. I have a number of questions for you. Let's start off one by one. Can you shed light to us, the common element between T-COVID and AdCOVID is that they have the same vector, the replication-deficient adenovirus. Can you shed light if the doses of the vector are the same between T-COVID and AdCOVID? Provide a little bit more color on how much read-through we will have between the two, the T-COVID and AdCOVID. The second question is, can you help us with, or shed light into the SARS-CoV-2 viral load reduction that you saw with T-COVID in your pre-clinical data set that was recently generated? I have a few more.
Good morning, Yasmeen. Thank you for your question. I think we're going to tag teams here to answer your questions. Let me first turn it over to Scott Harris to handle the front part of your question, and then Scot Roberts can walk you through some of the additional points that you're asking for clarification. Scott?
Hi, Yasmeen. In the current trial, we're going to be using 10¹¹ viral particles. The actual dose of viral particles in the AdCOVID vaccine will be the subject of clinical testing. Based on the NasoVAX profile, lower levels of viral particles could be effective as a vaccine, but we elected to choose the 10¹¹ lot that we currently have available for NasoVAX for the current clinical trial. In terms of the read-through to the AdCOVID vaccine, I would say that the vaccine has tremendous attributes by itself, especially the induction of mucosal immunity. If this additional property were demonstrated in the current clinical trial, it would add to the current AdCOVID profile. I'd like to say that that's not an assumption that we're making at this point.
We think AdCOVID by itself has tremendous attributes, but if this additional property were demonstrated in the T-COVID trial, it would be only an upside. I'll turn the second question over to Scot Roberts.
Yeah. Hi, Yasmeen. Could you restate the second part of your question there for me?
Yeah. Of course. Scot, my question was, can you shed light on the pre-clinical data that was generated for T-COVID? What type of viral load reduction was seen?
Right
with T-COVID pre-clinical model?
Sure. Yeah. What we saw was effects on viral replication, and those were consistent, but they were relatively modest. The way that we think about how T-COVID works is, rather than being a direct antiviral type of mechanism, it's modulating the host immune response so that it's not exaggerated and not pathological in its response. By that, I mean the exaggerated production of IL-6 leading to edema in the lung, lack of oxygenation, and failure of critical organs. We're really modulating the host's immune response to the infection rather than the infection itself.
Thank you, Scot, for the clarity. Another question we have for you is, the study is going to be in patients that are not hospitalized with onset of symptoms. Can you shed light with how you define onset of symptoms? Why did you select to go into patients over the age of 35? What was the reason for that age group? Are there any exclusions of patients that are at high risk in the study?
Scott Harris?
Sure. Thank you for the question, Yasmeen. The onset of symptoms is defined in the protocol as symptoms within two days or 48 hours of entry into the trial. The reason that we chose patients over the age of 35 in this initial clinical trial, where we're trying to pick up efficiency. We felt that we wanted to be able to get a readout on the endpoint, and if we enrolled lower-risk patients, it would dampen the signal. In agreement with the FDA, we agreed to conduct the study much like a phase I trial with ascending risk. The initial population will have lower risk than the second cohort, and then the final cohort will be opened up.
In many ways, the beginning of the trial will be a safety part of the trial, and as we progress, there's greater opportunity to get readout on efficacy.
Thank you. Last question for the team. Can you shed light into where you are in regards to timelines with AdCOVID program?
Yes, Yasmeen. Well, as we announced, I think it was middle of May, that we have actually started preclinical work, our collaborators at University of Alabama at Birmingham. We are expecting results during June. We will be sharing them as those results become available. As you know, what we are doing here is looking at multiple arms of the immune system. We'll be looking at antibody response, at T cell response, and more importantly, the mucosal response, in particular, the nasal mucosal immunity that we think could also be very important for this particular pathogen. We hope to have all of that data by the end of June. That would set us up for initiation of our clinical trials in the fourth quarter of this year. We're pretty much on that timeline right now.
Excellent. Thank you so much, team, and congrats on the amazing progress.
Our next question is from Jonathan Wolleben with JMP Securities. Please proceed.
All right. Good morning. Congrats on the progress, thanks for taking the questions. Just a more on the trial design, can you tell us what risk factors are being considered in these different cohorts and how those change as the trial progresses? Is that a change in specific inclusion criteria? Any details there.
Scott Harris.
Sure. Hey, thank you, Jonathan, for the question. The first cohort will be patients between the ages of 35 and 49 with no CDC-defined risk factors for worsening COVID-19. That will be 20 patients. At the end of that cohort, there'll be a safety review, if the safety profile meets out, we'll progress to the second cohort, which will be a total of 28 patients who are unrestricted in their age over the age of 35. That will be 28 patients, there'll be a safety review after those patients are fully enrolled and observed. In the final 48 patients or 50% of the trial, there'll be no restrictions so long as the patient is over the age of 35. We will allow all comorbidities such as diabetes, obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and the like that have been defined as risk factors for severe COVID-19.
That will be allowed in the trial. As I said before in response to Yasmeen's question, you can see the early part of the study will be looking at safety. As we move through the three cohorts, we'll be increasing the opportunity to examine efficacy, whereby the final cohort will really have the whole population.
Great. With these non-hospitalized patients, how are you thinking about the placebo response and how that might change between these cohorts?
Well, it's a hard endpoint, Jonathan. We specifically avoided endpoints such as symptom scales. A 4% drop in oxygenation is not something that you would see normally. It's something that will happen in patients who are untreated. We have estimates of what those rates will be, and we're not fearful that this trial will be consumed by a placebo effect.
Okay. The final question from me is, can you comment on manufacturing? Is this something you're going to start scaling up during the study or wait to see results?
Scot Roberts, do you want to take that?
Sure. We've been fortunate with respect to the NasoVAX availability. Not only do we have a drug product available for initiation of the trial here in June, but we also have additional drug substance which can be quickly formulated into a drug product, and that could drive a second trial. Beyond that, I think that the negotiations with regulatory agencies and the path to an EUA will really dictate our next steps.
Great. Thanks for taking the questions, and congrats again on the progress.
As a reminder, it is star one on your telephone keypad if you would like to ask a question. We will pause for a brief moment. Okay, we have reached the end of our question and answer session. I would like to turn the conference back over to management for closing remarks.
Well, thank you everyone for listening in today. We look forward to speaking to you again. Thank you.
Thank you. This does conclude today's conference. You may disconnect your lines at this time, and thank you for your participation.