Greetings, and welcome to the Angel Oak Mortgage fourth quarter earnings call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. A brief question-and-answer session will follow the formal presentation. If anyone should require operator assistance during the conference, please press star and then zero on your telephone keypad. As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. It is now my pleasure to introduce your host, Randy Chrisman, Chief Marketing Officer. Thank you, and you may begin.
Good morning. Thank you for joining us today for Angel Oak Mortgage REIT's fourth quarter and full year 2022 earnings conference call. This morning, we filed our press release detailing these results, which is available in the investors section on our website at www.angeloakreit.com. As a reminder, remarks made on today's conference call may include forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed today. We do not undertake any obligation to update our forward-looking statements in light of new information or future events. For a more detailed discussion of the factors that may affect the company's results, please refer to our earnings release for this quarter and to our most recent SEC filings. During this call, we will be discussing certain non-GAAP financial measures.
More information about these non-GAAP financial measures and reconciliations to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures are contained in our earnings release and SEC filings. This morning's conference call is hosted by Angel Oak Mortgage REIT's Chief Executive Officer, Sreeni Prabhu, Chief Financial Officer, Brandon Filson, and Angel Oak Capital's Co-CIO, Namit Sinha. Management will make some prepared comments after which we will open up the call to your questions. Additionally, we recommend reviewing our earnings supplement posted on our website at www.angeloakreit.com. Now, I will turn over the call to Sreeni.
Thank you, Randy, and thank you everyone for joining us today. As you all know, 2022 was a very challenging year as we battled rising inflation, heightened market volatility, and spread widening across most asset classes. The Fed approved an unprecedented seven increases to the fed funds rate over the course of the year, beginning in March. These increases took the benchmark interest rate from 0.25% as of December 31, 2021, to 4.75% as of December 31, 2022, marking its highest level in 15 years. Mortgage rates rose in kind, more than doubling and peaking about 7% in October. At the same time, non-QM mortgages approached 9%. Additionally, the securitization markets were extremely challenging, especially in the second half of the year.
However, as we mentioned in our last earnings call, we commenced a strategic plan in the fourth quarter to reduce warehouse financing risk and increase liquidity. Over the last several months, we have made tremendous progress, including three key accomplishments. First, in November, we sold residential mortgage loans with gross weighted coupon of approximately 4.5%, reducing financing risk and releasing incremental liquidity. This was a calculated decision, and we found that the price that we received was commensurate with the lack of liquidity in the securitization markets at that time. Second, in December and early January, we converted approximately $286 million of mark-to-market debt from non-mark-to-market financing for continually performing loans, further reducing financing risk. This facility was with one of our existing large bank counterparties, which also speaks to our strong partnerships with global banks.
Finally, we participated in an AOMT 2023-1 securitization subsequent to year-end. This was the first Angel Oak securitization in which we participated alongside other Angel Oak entities since our initial public offering. We retained our pro-rata share of bonds and the proceeds from the deal. As a result of this accomplishment, as of today, we have reduced our whole loan warehouse debt by over 50% and mark-to-market percentage of total warehouse debt by over 60% since the end of Q3 2022. Additionally, it is important to note that we have not taken on any corporate debt or preferred equity, and that we own the call rights to all our deals which gives us tremendous flexibility in the future. The goal of this strategy was not only to reduce risk and create liquidity, but to also restart our growth engine.
To that end, we intend to resume purchases of newly originated loans at market interest rates. With respect to the current mortgage landscape, there are a couple of dynamics that I would like to reiterate. First, there remains a meaningful shortage in supply of quality housing across the country. While mortgage rate increases have slowed down demand for home purchases, this underlying constraint should help support a baseline level of mortgage activity. Second, credit performance remains strong. Delinquencies remain low, foreclosures are exceedingly rare, and low-loss severities are near zero. Additionally, there has been a significant home price appreciation since many of these loans were originated, lowering LTVs and limiting losses in the rare event of default. Even if we factor in a slight to moderate decrease in home prices this year, we still expect meaningful growth versus where loans were originated.
Finally, the volatility of this past year has resulted in even higher barriers to entry for the non-QM mortgage origination business. This reinforces the competitive advantage of our relationship with Angel Oak's well-established and streamlined non-QM origination platform. Over the coming quarters, we plan to rotate our portfolio into higher coupon mortgage loans and other high-yielding mortgage assets and sustain a methodical securitization process, all while continuing to stress liquidity management and protect the balance sheet. With that, I'll turn it over to Brandon.
Thank you, Sreeni. First, I would like to talk through the details of our financial results and then provide some additional context around our current position and where we're headed. For the fourth quarter of 2022, we had a GAAP net loss of $8.8 million or $0.36 per share. The loss was driven by the November loan sale, which drove roughly $19 million of incremental loss or $0.77 per share. Distributable Earnings were negative $61.5 million or a loss of $2.50 per share. The November loan sale contributed approximately $63 million of realized loss or $2.56 per share in Distributable Earnings.
The loans sold carried an unrealized loss of approximately $44 million as of the end of Q3, all of which were realized upon the sale, in addition to the $19 million incremental loss. Interest income for the quarter was $28.4 million, and net interest margin was $7.4 million, which compressed due to higher variable borrowing costs. Our operating expenses for the fourth quarter were $4.3 million, representing a decrease of over $7 million from Q3. Excluding securitization and severance expenses, operating expenses were $2 million lower than Q3, which was approximately $1 million lower than Q2, demonstrating continued progress in scaling our operations. Digging into our balance sheet. As of December 31st, we had $29.3 million of cash.
Our recourse debt-to-equity ratio decreased to 2.9 times versus 3.7 times at the end of the third quarter. We have residential whole loans at a fair value of $771 million, financed with $640 million of warehouse debt, $1 billion of residential mortgage loans and securitization trusts, and $1.1 billion of RMBS, including $62 million in retained AOMT securities from the pre-IPO securitizations. We finished the year with undrawn loan financing capacity of $573 million. As of today, our capacity is approximately $767 million. This difference is driven by our participation in January's AOMT 2023-1 securitization, which released approximately $190 million of mark-to-market warehouse debt.
As of today, we have approximately $440 million of warehouse debt, only $155 million of which is subject to mark-to-market risk. We were pleased to reenter the securitization market in January of this year. The AOMT 2023-1 securitization was an approximately $585 million securitization, and we contributed approximately $241 million scheduled principal balance of loans. Additionally, we retained bonds with a face value of $26.6 million and a fair value of $21.8 million while releasing $15.9 million in cash. We expect these retained bonds to yield between 10% and 15%.
GAAP book value per share declined 10.7% to $9.49 as of December 31st, 2022, down from $10.63 as of September 30th, 2022. This includes a $0.76 impact from the November loan sale, as well as the impact of our $0.32 per share common dividend paid in November. Excluding these impacts, GAAP book value was relatively flat for the quarter. Economic book value, which fair values all non-recourse securitization obligations, was $13.11 per share as of December 31st, 2022, up 1.3% from $12.94 per share as of September 30th, 2022. The fair value of the bonds underlying our securitization obligations declined as rates increased and duration expectations lengthened, driving the increase in economic book value.
Assuming that loan and security pricing has remained relatively flat so far in 2023, with January's rally being offset by a retreat in February, we estimate our GAAP and economic book value as of the end of February to be fairly flat as well, inclusive of the known impact of the dividend payment to be made in March. Looking forward, we plan to resume purchases of newly originated loans. We'll do this selectively and will continue to emphasize liquidity throughout the process. Recent rate locks are in the mid 8% range, with average LTVs of 72% and FICO scores of 752. We believe that purchasing these loans and maintaining a methodical securitization process is the best way to organically grow the earnings potential of the portfolio.
Finally, the company has declared a $0.32 per share common dividend payable on March 31st, 2023 to shareholders of record as of March 22nd, 2023. For additional color on our financial results, please review the earnings supplement available on our website. I will now turn it back to Sreeni for closing remarks.
Thank you, Brandon. 2022 was a year of unique challenges for the market. Beset with rising inflation, higher interest rates, and recession concerns. While Angel Oak was not immune to these challenges, we acted decisively to ensure the strength of our capital structure and have positioned ourselves to restart our growth programs. As always, I do like to thank the entire Angel Oak team for their hard work and their contributions as we seek to build long-term value for our shareholders. With that, we'll open up the call to your questions. Operator.
Thank you. We will now be conducting a question and answer session. If you would like to ask a question, please press star and then one on your telephone keypad. A confirmation tone will indicate your line is in the question queue. You may press star and then two if you would like to remove your question from the queue. For participants using speaker equipment, it may be necessary for you to pick up your handset before pressing the star keys. One moment please while we poll for questions. The first question comes from Chris Kotowski from Oppenheimer. Please proceed with your question, Chris.
Good morning. Thanks for taking my question. I guess just given the large number of moving parts with the sale and the securitization and so on, given that we're like 68 days into a 90-day quarter, I wonder if you could, you know, give some guidance on expectations for net interest income in, say, the first and/or second quarter, if you can see that far out.
What we're seeing, you know, we haven't added much things to the portfolio. With the securitization going out, the top-line NIM will go down slightly. I'd expect with that securitization that the net interest margin should stay slightly compressed due to higher borrowing costs, as we've moved another $240 million off to, you know, fixed securitization costs, we'll see some of that bleed through in NIM.
You mean that in dollar terms relative.
In dollar terms.
To the $7.4 million. Okay. Then, Okay, that's very helpful. Then, presumably in the coming quarters, it'll be a function of, you know, when and if you add to the balance sheet overall. I know it's a very fluid environment but any, you know, guesses to the likely balance sheet trends over the course of the year?
Yeah. We expect to, you know, get another securitization out, much like we did in January. That would be, you know, probably a little bit smaller than the one we did, but reducing the whole loan balance, securitizing more loans. Very soon, start purchasing newly originated loans, which I think Sreeni had mentioned in his section, you know, approaching 9% coupons.
Yeah.
You know, as we build that balance sheet, the loan balance will come up some, where we won't go as high as we did, like in Q1 of 2022. As we buy those market coupon loans, you'll see, you know, both top line and bottom line NIM, our interest, widen out.
Okay. On the e-expenses, I mean, they had been kind of in the $4 million-$5 million range and $1.8 million this quarter. Any thought on what one should expect there?
Yeah. Well, the $8 million, you know, includes a decent amount of securitization costs. You know, going forward over the next year, looking at management fees will be decreasing. Our management fee that we pay, the manager is based on Distributable Earnings. As we had, you know, Distributable Earnings loss this quarter, that's gonna reduce. Run rate's gonna go down about $1 million there. You know, as some of the other things happen, you know, we're doing a lot of analysis, and we've brought in some services that we previously outsourced at a good cost savings. You know, you should see another, call it $1 million in savings, kind of on a normalized basis.
I'm sorry, you said $8 million? I was looking at.
$1 million. $1 million.
1.8.
Less on management. $1 million less on management fee, and then $1 million on operating expenses.
That's relative to the $1.79 million this quarter on OpEx?
It's... Yes.
Okay.
That's. Yeah. The $1.8 million is a quarter. I'm saying annually, saving us about $1 million of, on OpEx and $1 million on management fee.
Okay. Those are annual numbers, though.
That's right.
Okay. All righty. Thank you. That's it for me.
Thank you. The next question comes from Don Fandetti from Wells Fargo. Please proceed with your question, Don.
Yes. Can you talk a little bit about the securitization markets? Obviously, you had a little window in January, you know, has that shut? Do you think another deal can get done in this type of environment? How do you feel generally speaking about liquidity? I mean, the Fed's still raising rates, still uncertain time. Does it make sense to start originating and growing or should you continue to just really hunker down here?
Hey, Don, Sreeni here. You know, because truth of our franchise, you know, we are securitizing two different vehicles. Obviously, we, the REIT was able to take advantage of a good January. We hit the securitization markets, but we're consistently in the markets and we follow it. I will tell you, we have done another securitization here in February through our other vehicles. You know, the difference between the markets today as of right now, Don, I know markets are getting fickle, but as of right now, what we're seeing is, deals are getting done.
They obviously, they'll widen out as the markets get volatile, but we're not in a situation of in August, September, October, November of last year when there was absolute illiquidity in the system. Also remember, there's not a lot of new originations that have been done. If buy side guys wanna buy bonds of non-QM shelf, they gotta buy now. There's not much supply that's gonna be out there. I mean, if you look at the REIT, we don't have, I mean, we don't literally have nothing left anymore after one or two more securitizations. The markets are behaving. Spreads have to widen when stuff happens. We did a very large securitization in February.
We intend to go back to the market in March. We're already working on that. The REIT will have some loans in that. It could change, but right now we're not seeing that. In terms of your other question of liquidity, and, look, we have. You know, we've, you know, we went through a lot of these iterations last year, as you guys know. Where we are, I mean, if you think about the loans we have in a non-mark-to-market facility, we have a little bit over $100 million in a mark-to-market facility, which is not significant risk. We're not gonna go out and just double down and use all the liquidity and buy loans.
That's why, as Brandon was saying, you know, even if we look to buy loans, you know, by the time the loans get locked, the loans get closed, we're looking at putting money to work, you know, next month or the following month, and we will do it very thoughtfully relative to risk and relative to securitization markets. For example, in March, if the securitization markets don't behave, that we may slow down even more to buy new loans. We feel we're in a good position to do both now. That's, that's what we are focused. Yeah, please don't expect us to just go double down and buy every single 9% coupon out there.
What is the plan in terms of a sustainable dividend level?
That, you know, we, like we said last quarter when we did a cut from 45 to 32, we thought when we looked out at the opportunity set for 2023, that 32 would have been a sustainable level that we could maintain comfortably, you know, throughout, at least throughout, you know, the 12-month period. Always subject to review and analysis, but we are still comfortable with that as well. Like I said, when we did this last securitization, you know, it'll function like our pre-IPO deals where we just retained bonds. Those bonds themselves that we retained, you have a go-forward expected yield of between 10% and 15%.
That, you know, the discount that we inherently had because of the loans marking down is basically behind us and now it's gonna be a good return. As we start buying the new loans, building back that NIM, you know, it looks relatively good, you know, on the out couple quarters this year, especially like as Sreeni said, we're almost through or through a lot of the lower coupon loans. You know, the risk of margin calls is significantly reduced. I mean, just put some numbers around it. You know, Sreeni mentioned we have about $140 million on our mark-to-market facility, you know, that's down for about $1.1 billion Q1 of 2022.
The risk is, I mean, it's not zero, but it's significantly less than it has been in a year.
Got it. Thanks.
Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, just another reminder, if you'd like to ask a question, please press star and then one. The next question comes from Matthew Howlett from B. Riley. Please proceed with your question, Matthew.
Oh, thanks. Good morning, everybody. Thanks for taking my question. Guys, the first, could you address, you know, the potential or the opportunity to repurchase stock here at 50% of economic book value? I recognize the, you know, you're paying down the warehouse line and the focus on liquidity, and maybe you could give us the unrestricted cash position today. You know, in terms of looking at buying new loans going forward versus buying back the stock, I mean, how do you feel? How do you, how do you look at that analysis?
Yeah, no, I think we are looking at that analysis. We've continued to look at that analysis. You know, there, nothing has been decided today on that. We believe at this point where we have and look at future returns, obviously, we have a point in time today that looks like, you know, you've got a large dividend yield, you take an immediate, you know, return, if you will, because, you know, you repurchase shares. At the same time, that it's gonna shrink the size of this company. You know, we've had
You know, we've gone from about $500 million in equity capital base to $235 million today. You know, we don't wanna necessarily shrink it any more, also keep the float up in the stock, to, you know, help with trading but again, we're evaluating that and we'll see where it goes. Unrestricted cash today is about $30 million, but that is... Then we also have about another $60 million of unlevered assets, bonds that are easily convertible, and then about $18 million of unlevered loans that we could, you know, either lever or sell, you know, pretty easily.
Great. No, you did a great job, you know, getting another warehouse line and paying it down and sort of look forward for the next securitization. It's great that you have access to it. It's a big step. On that note, I mean, could you just address? I mean, you talked about credit and the embedded HPA, but, you know, I think for investors, non-QM is getting a lot of press. I mean, people, you know, it's always the sort of area that people are cautious about just in 2023. I know non-QM is a broad sector. Could you just talk about where your non-QM is in terms of credit versus maybe the overall industry and why you feel that it's gonna hold up better than just generic non-QM?
Yeah. Matt, I'll take this one and Namit, you know, jump in, if you wanna add to it. Look, I mean, we've always told people that in a non-QM of today is not the subprime of 2007. In a combination of full underwriting of credit, you know, loan to values in the 70s, you know, true appraisals, et cetera, et cetera. You know, when you originate a loan and you have all these qualities that you are underwriting, your risk of default goes low. Now, that being said, look, if we are going to go in a hard recession, you know, we're not naive to think that there will be delinquencies and defaults.
I mean, that's gonna happen through a cycle, right? It's just a matter of when and how it happens. The new originations that we have, by the way, just so you know, we have gone really up in credit, and not just in the, in the REIT, across our franchise. We've almost slowed down our investor cash flow loans. I mean, we're not doing high LTV loans at all. We are very, very conservative in terms of what we originate as of right now. We are clearly conscious that even though we think that the credit is good, you definitely need to tighten your credit even more going into a potential recession.
We know that, and we are thoughtful about that. Namit, you know, you have more details on that because you talk to the mortgage company about credit almost daily.
Sure. Yeah. To Sreeni's point, like, there's an aspect in mortgage credit of the quality of loans that you originate, right? When we talk about our average FICO scores being 740+ and our average loan to value is in the low 70s, these are attributes that sort of look similar to agency originations. Quite different from the historical non-agency originations that used to happen in the pre-global financial crisis period. These loans have performed really, really well. They've hardly had any losses in the last seven, eight years of our originations. If we do go into a bumpy macro environment, as Sreeni mentioned, we do expect some increase in delinquency.
You know, if you have a book with where the delinquency numbers are running with a 1% handle, and we go into a recession and that delinquency goes up like 50%, you're still talking about a delinquency that is close to 2%. That is not a huge detraction from the return potential of these loans, especially when you think of the loan coupons that are being originated, right? We are talking about a 9% coupon being originated with a 740+ FICO and a 70 LTV. If you have... And because of the current market spreads, these loan prices have remained very suppressed. If your delinquencies go from 1% to 2%, it does not take much.
I mean, if you do the rough math around it, and let's say that marginal extra 1% loans default at a 50% rate, now you have an extra 50 basis points of default, you apply 50 severity, you have an extra 25 basis points of loss spread over three years. That's an eight basis point reduction in loan yield. That's hardly anything when you look at the current coupons on these loans. Yes, in any macro environment which goes into a recessionary period, no matter what the quality of the loans, you're going to see a percentage sort of increase in delinquencies.
Given the platform, given the loan underwriting, given the quality of these loans, that number is not expected to be, you know, you know, where some of the earlier non-agency programs used to go to in prior tough periods.
Yeah. I certainly see there's a disconnect between, you know, what you're seeing and what the market is anticipating. Last question, just a quick update on Angel Oak Mortgage, the mortgage company. You know, do you feel like you've right-sized the, you know, the platform? Do you feel like it's in position to grow, 2023?
Yeah, I'll take that one. Yeah, I mean, you know, there's a lot of conversations about the Angel Oak Mortgage company. Just to reiterate, we had two mortgage companies, so one is important for this discussion, one was just a business venture we had. We had a retail mortgage originator, which was largely a agency mortgage originator, and that's where we had some of our licenses. That's the business that we dramatically reduced because that was not a non-core function. You know, we made a good amount of money in 2021, and market got really tough in 2022, and that was not the business we really wanted to be in.
On terms of non-QM, which really came from our wholesale mortgage originator, which is Mortgage Solutions, really, the majority of infrastructure is exactly the same. It's not any different. Obviously, every mortgage company has gone through cost cuttings, but we really have not much, you know, we risk on balance sheet. We're originating volume here, and flowing through coupons that are approaching 9% as we speak. You know, volumes have dropped. They're probably gonna end up being half of what they were, you know, early last year. You know, the, you know, what we are focused on right now in the mortgage company is not volume. It's more volume and credit, and that's what we're focused on.
Not many changes from that perspective.
Great. Thanks, everyone.
Thank you. There are no further questions at this time. I'd like to turn the call back to management for closing remarks. Thank you.
Thank you everyone for your time and interest in Angel Oak Mortgage REIT. We look forward to connecting with you again next quarter. Please feel free to reach out to us, and we invite you to our offices anytime you guys would love to come and sit down with us. Thank you so much. Bye.
Thank you very much. Ladies and gentlemen, this does conclude today's call. Thank you very much for your time. You may now disconnect your lines.