Good day, and welcome to the Alexandria Real Estate Equities third quarter 2019 conference call. All participants will be in a listen-only mode. Should you need assistance from an operator, you may dial star followed by zero. After today's presentation, there will be an opportunity to ask questions. To ask a question, you may press star then one on your telephone keypad. Please note, this event is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to Paula Schwartz with Investor Relations. Please go ahead.
Thank you, and good afternoon. This conference call contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. The company's actual results might differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Additional information concerning factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements is contained in the company's periodic reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Now I would like to turn the call over to Joel Marcus, Executive Chairman and Founder. Please go ahead, Joel.
Thank you, Paula, and welcome everybody to our third quarter call. With me are Dean Shigenaga, Steve Richardson, Peter Moglia, and Dan Ryan. I'd like to start out by highlighting Alexandria's cluster markets remaining strong and vibrant. Our first-mover advantage is a huge competitive advantage to all the aspects of our business. Our high-quality cash flows are really based on best locations, best assets, best tenants, and by far and away, the best teams. When it comes to external growth, our disciplined allocation of capital to a visible, highly leased value creation pipeline is highlighted in pretty great detail in our supplement. You'll be able to see the pipeline we've placed in service both this quarter and recently. The near-term growth of our annual net operating income, and Dean will have a little bit of detail.
It confused a couple of people, but we didn't miss any NOI numbers this quarter. We commenced development and redevelopment of a pretty significant pipeline, which is also detailed, and we were successful on our leasing of development and redevelopment space. Steve and Peter and Dean will highlight all of that. When it comes to the Mercer Mega Block, which I think the team will highlight, I just want to say we won that really irreplaceable development opportunity because there is no other group with 20 years or more experience on the ground with the expertise and the experience we really have in South Lake Union. I think it's pretty obvious that our team completely understands the integration of that kind of a development with the community today. There is no longer opportunities just to simply build a great asset.
You have to be able to build with not only your tenants in mind, but really a great impact and integration with the communities in which we work and live and play. Steve will talk in some detail about 88 Bluxome. Again, we won that because, and we've gotten approvals because we're a trusted partner with the city of San Francisco. It's important to remember, we have an industry-leading, high-quality tenant roster. 53% of our annual revenues are investment-grade, and our average lease term today is over eight years. Couple of comments about industry fundamentals, which continue to maintain themselves as strong and vibrant. The biggest cost driver of the healthcare system today is chronic disease, and there are a bunch of them. Patients in the categories of chronic disease account for a whopping 85%-90% of all healthcare spending.
Collectively, those diseases are the leading cause of death and disability in the U.S. This industry, the biopharm industry, has a huge opportunity to impact and make great cost savings when it comes to chronic disease. When it comes to diagnosis, studies in high-income countries show that treatment costs for early diagnosis of patients generally are two to four times less expensive than treating those diagnosed with advanced stage cancer is a good example. Again, another great opportunity for this industry to impact the cost of healthcare. The industry itself, venture capital continued to be robust with over $19 billion raised in the first three quarters and over two-thirds of those flowing into Alexandria cluster markets. Public markets, on the other hand, are becoming more selective and risk-averse, making it more difficult for both life science and tech companies to go public.
Despite this, five life science companies and seven tech companies were able to go public this past quarter, raising half a billion dollars and $3.5 billion respectively. Obviously, part of that is due to some of the unicorn challenges that we've seen trying to go IPO. The third quarter was an active quarter at the FDA, with 13 new drug approvals, five of which were received by Alexandria tenants. There was an interesting quote in The Atlantic, which did a good article, featured a good article on, is this tech world today in any way, shape, or form like the tech bubble of the 2000, 2001 era? I thought I'd just give you a quote. "The problem with tech today isn't so much software failed to eat the world, but that most of the celebrated unicorns weren't actually software companies. What we're seeing today isn't a dot-com bubble.
If anything, it's a non-dot-com bubble, a period of inflated expectations for companies that had no real business being valued like pure tech companies in the first place. Finally, on market fundamentals, they continue to remain strong and vibrant. The team will talk about that. It's comforting to know that virtually almost 80% of our annual rental revenue is from Class A assets in our AAA campuses in our best cluster locations. Tenant demand and our leasing continues to be very solid. With that kind of opening, let me ask Steve to comment on the quarter.
Thank you, Joel. Steve Richardson here. Alexandria's best-in-class franchise and fully integrated high-performance team has put a number of truly noteworthy accomplishments on the board during the past quarter, and I'll highlight just a couple. As Joel had mentioned, the City of Seattle selected Alexandria as its partner of choice to develop approximately 800,000 sq ft at one of the highest profile sites in the entire city, the Mercer Mega Block. This was undoubtedly a highly competitive process and speaks volume to the national recognition Alexandria has achieved for its distinctive urban science and technology campus platform. Stanford University also selected Alexandria as its partner of choice to redevelop approximately 92,000 sq ft in the life science district of the Stanford Research Park, establishing a flagship destination to accelerate and really invigorate Stanford's life science cluster.
Finally, as Joel had referenced as well, we are very pleased to receive our entire Prop M allocation at 88 Bluxome, anchored there with a very exciting company, Pinterest. Our team is really not only able to identify and execute upon the high-quality growth opportunities in its clusters on the open market, but importantly, we're able to bring our strong brand and multifaceted resources to bear in partnership with generational institutions like Stanford University, city governments like Seattle, and others to advance mutually desirable and purposeful economic and societal goals. I'll just hit on a couple of broad company-wide metrics to really highlight the strong core results in our operating urban campuses with really a theme and an emphasis on a continued positive momentum in the market.
We had 1.2 million sq ft of leasing this quarter and 3.3 million sq ft year to date, which places us on track near the 10-year average at the Q3 mark. Q3, 11.2% cash and 27.9% GAAP increases. Importantly here, the drivers were across a number of regions: San Francisco, Greater Boston, Seattle, San Diego, and Maryland. Year to date, 16.2% cash, and 30.6% GAAP increases. I think it's important to take a step back. When you look at these type of increases, we've averaged 25.4% GAAP and 13% cash over the past five years, since 2015. A truly remarkable stat. A sense of urgency continues with our year to date Q3 2019 leasing comprising 69% in early renewals. Our guidance for GAAP increases initially at 26.5% at Investor Day during late 2018, is now at 29.5%. We've increased this each quarter.
Our guidance on same property was 2% at Investor Day. We've now increased it to 2.5% this quarter, which is a big impact on the revenue base we have today and being driven by rental rate increases, not occupancy gains. The mark to market is now at 20.1% on a GAAP basis, the highest level in recent quarters. Finally, we're extremely well-positioned moving forward into the future with lease expirations of just 1.1% for the balance of the year, 6.6% in 2020, and 5.8% in 2021. In conclusion, a big shout-out to the Alexandria team for a great quarter. With that, I'll hand it off to Peter.
Thank you, Steve. I'm going to spend the next few minutes updating you on our near-term pipeline, our acquisition of the Mega Block in Seattle, briefly touch on our partial interest sales, and highlight a material move in our NAV per a new methodology rolled out by Green Street. By reading the press release, I'm sure you were immediately informed about how busy we have been, and the delivery of development and redevelopment projects is no exception. During the third quarter, we placed a noteworthy 1,261,419 square feet into service from six different projects in six different sub-markets. Year to date, we've leased 1.2 million square feet of development and redevelopment space, highlighting the strong demand present in all of our markets.
At 399 Binney Street, the commercial space is now 100% leased, and our final cash stabilized yield of 7.3% is 10 basis points higher than what we reported last quarter and significantly above our acquisition underwriting, which demonstrates our disciplined approach to underwriting and managing complex projects. We also completed 279 East Grand in South San Francisco, delivering the last 35,797 sq ft in this project anchored by Alphabet's life science subsidiary, Verily. We delivered another 39,372 sq ft at 188 East Blaine, our new flagship property on Lake Union in Seattle, and we made significant leasing progress at that project during this quarter. 30,900 sq ft was delivered at phase one of the Alexandria Center for AgTech, our class A highly differentiated multi-tenant project in the Research Triangle market.
Rounding out the highly active quarter was the delivery of two significant San Francisco Bay developments held in unconsolidated joint ventures, 593,765 sq ft at 1655 and 1725 Third Street in Mission Bay, delivered under long-term lease to Uber, and 520,988 sq ft was delivered under long-term lease to Facebook in the greater Stanford market. Before I move on, I'd be remiss in updating you on our developments without congratulating the real estate development team and all the business units here at Alexandria that support it for being named NAIOP's 2019 Developer of the Year. Through its prestigious national awards program, NAIOP annually honors the development company that best exemplifies leadership and innovation. Alexandria was chosen from an impressive slate of nominees and was evaluated by a team of seasoned developers on the following criteria.
The outstanding quality of projects and services, financial consistency and stability, ability to adapt to market conditions, active support of the industry through NAIOP, and support for the local community. Joel and Steve have already mentioned the award that we got for the Mega Block and why. I'll just give you a few details about it. Our planned approximately 800,000 sq ft commercial project will be a premier multi-use campus located at the intersection of Dexter Avenue North and Mercer Street in South Lake Union. The purchase price of $143 million, fully allocated to the commercial space, results in a price per FAR foot of approximately $179, which is in line with the most recent land trade in South Lake Union and reflects the current market rental rates in the area.
At closing, the project will combine with current development pipeline assets 601 and 701 Dexter to form the nucleus of an unparalleled assemblage of 1.2 million developable sq ft in the heart of the Lake Union sub-market. Moving on to asset sales, we concluded our partial interest sales program for the year by selling a 49% interest in the Illumina Campus in the UTC sub-market of San Diego to a new high-quality institutional partner, and by selling a 90% interest in 500 Forbes Boulevard in South San Francisco to one of our existing high-quality institutional partners. The cap rate for the Illumina Campus of 4.7% reflects current NOI, which does include free rent, but the buyer was given a credit for all remaining free rent against the purchase price.
The cap rate for 500 Forbes was 4.4% and reflects the high desirability of the South San Francisco market at this time. I'm going to wrap up my commentary by noting that Green Street published a REIT valuation report on October 15th titled, "A Big Change in Our Pricing Model," where they discussed the replacement of NAV with intrinsic NAV as the most important determinant of warranted share price. The report noted that there is support for our NAV being 31% higher under that methodology, and we encourage all of our investors to read it. With that, I'll pass it on to Dean.
Thanks, Peter. Dean Shigenaga here. Good afternoon, everyone. I'll cover four key topics today, including third quarter results and continued strong cash flows from internal and external growth, continued execution of long-term capital to fund strategic growth initiatives, and further improvement in our already solid balance sheet, and an update on our corporate responsibility business vertical, and lastly, an update on our 2019 guidance. Total revenues for the third quarter were $380.5 million, or $1.6 billion annualized. Really was up significantly, about 14.2% over the third quarter of 2018, reflecting continued and outstanding execution by our best-in-class team. We continue to generate solid cash flows from a high-quality tenant roster with 53% of annual rental revenue from investment grade rated or publicly traded large cap companies. Core operating metrics remain very strong. NOI was on track with our expectations.
As a reminder, 88% of the 1.3 million rentable square feet of value creation deliveries in the third quarter related to unconsolidated joint ventures. The related earnings from these JVs is classified in equity and earnings of unconsolidated real estate joint ventures. NOI from the unconsolidated JVs for the third quarter was $5.7 million, up $3.2 million over the second quarter of 2019. Please refer to page 44 of our supplemental package for additional information. Our adjusted EBITDA margin continues to remain near the top of margins in the REIT industry at approximately 68% for the third quarter. The margin should increase to 69% next quarter, the temporary decline in the current quarter was driven primarily by seasonality with higher utility expenses related to both higher rates and consumption due to the warmer summer weather.
This resulted in higher recoverable expenses, but also a larger pool of operating expenses, which results in a minor decline in adjusted EBITDA margins. Same property NOI growth for the nine months ended third quarter of 2019 was solid and up 3.3% and 8.1% on a cash basis as compared to the nine months ended the third quarter of 2018. Our same property NOI growth outlook for the full year of 2019 remains very solid. Our outlook for year-end occupancy also remains solid at 97% at the midpoint of our range of guidance. Occupancy as of September 30th of 96.6% reflects a slight temporary decline in occupancy. As we have been reporting for many quarters now, 117,000 rentable square foot lease expired in the third quarter at 3545 Cray Court in San Diego. Our team commenced renovations, and we have 55% of the space already leased.
Additionally, some of our operating properties that we acquired this year have vacancy, representing lease-up opportunities that will drive growth in occupancy and cash flows. G&A expenses remain consistent and solid as a percentage of net operating income. Third quarter of 2019 was approximately 10% of NOI, which is consistent with our five-year average, really solid relative to other office REITs. Turning to our venture investments. In the third quarter, we recognized realized gains and losses. We had realized gains of $14.1 million, impairments of $7.1 million, netting to a net realized gain of about $7 million for the quarter. The writedowns really related to three privately held investments. We also recognized $70 million of unrealized losses. Importantly, through Friday, October 25th, unrealized gains were up just in the 25 days, $27.1 million related to our publicly traded non-real estate investments.
Now as a reminder, Warren Buffett has stated in his two most recent annual shareholder letters that he expects unrealized gains from investments to generate over $10 billion in swings in earnings every quarter, and sometimes more than $2 billion in a single day. We have invested in companies that we believe will generate a solid return on our investment. While we hold these investments, we will have volatility in earnings from unrealized gains. Moving on to our balance sheet. Our team just continued to execute on long-term capital to fund strategic growth. As you've noted, our weighted average remaining term of debt is now 10.7 years, and this is up significantly from 5.9 years at the beginning of this year. It now exceeds the solid weighted average remaining term of our leases of 8.3 years. Our term loan was repaid in full in the quarter.
We now have no interest rate swaps outstanding, and we have no consolidated debt maturities until 2023. We have about $3.5 billion of liquidity, including about $1 billion related to forward equity sales contracts that we expect to settle later this year. It is important to highlight how we have utilized our line of credit. We use our line of credit for funding really between execution of long-term capital and strategically end each year with very limited balances outstanding. On average, our outstanding balance at the end of every year, going back a few years now under our line of credit, has been approximately $95 million. I want to touch on key highlights from our two bond deals in the third quarter, which is disclosed on page three of our press release. It was really quick and opportunistic execution as interest rates declined.
Our aggregate issuance of $1.85 billion was done at a weighted average effective rate of 3.51%, and an amazing term of almost 19 years. This is truly awesome execution by our team here, and thank you, guys. This included the reopening in September of our 30-year bond at price at a yield to investors of an amazing 3.5%. We repaid $1.65 billion of debt at a weighted average rate of 3.73%, and a term of 2.9 years, which was through a tender of our 2020 and 2022 bonds in repayment of an unsecured term loan. It's important to recognize that while the weighted average interest rate was lower for the new debt issuance, we raised $190 million of additional debt for the future, resulting in a slight increase in recurring annual interest of approximately $3 million.
Now in connection with both the tender and the repayment of our term loan, we recognize a loss on early extinguishment of debt of about $40.2 million, and a loss on the termination of interest rate swap agreements of $1.7 million. In October, we exercised our right to convert the remaining outstanding Series D convertible preferred stock with a book value of $57.5 million into common. In September, we added a $750 million commercial paper program, which is backstopped by our line of credit, and this will replace a portion of our short-term borrowings available under our line of credit. We began first using this program in October. In summary, our balance sheet is even stronger. We continue to focus on long-term capital to fund growth.
Short-term borrowings under our line of credit and our commercial paper program will be used in a disciplined manner as we strategically focus on long-term capital to fund our business and minimize short-term debt outstanding at the end of each year. As a mission-driven urban office REIT focused on making a positive and lasting impact on the communities in which we work and live in the world, we're honored to highlight our team's achievement of the highest rating from GRESB, our five-star rating. Our team also continues to focus on other important ESG initiatives, including progress towards our 2025 goals, really focused on how we manage energy consumption, water usage, waste diversion, and carbon emissions. Turning to our guidance.
We updated our guidance for 2019 EPS to a range of $1.83-$1.85, and FFO per share diluted as adjusted to a range from $6.95-$6.97, with no change in the midpoint of FFO per share as adjusted at $6.96. Please refer to page six of our supplemental package for further details on our guidance assumptions for 2019. I just want to highlight a few very important key items. The guidance for rental rate increases was really up 1% this quarter, up 3% in aggregate since our initial guidance on November 28, 2018. These cumulative adjustments resulted in upward pressure on the midpoints of our guidance for same-property net operating income and straight-line rent revenue, resulting in increases to both midpoints by half a percent and $4 million respectively this quarter.
Additionally, since our initial 2019 guidance on November 28th, the midpoint of our guidance for FFO per share is adjusted increase by $0.01. The upside of core operations generated in the current quarter was only a portion of the changes in our guidance and was offset by the slight increase in interest expense from our strategic and opportunistic bond offerings in the third quarter, again, with an average term of 18.5 years and included $190 million of extra debt capital. As a reminder, we're unable to respond to detailed questions about 2020 guidance until we issue our guidance along with the usual detailed underlying assumptions. With that, let me turn it back to Joel.
Operator, we can go to questions and answer, please.
Thank you. We will now begin the question and answer session. To ask a question, you may press star, then one on your telephone keypad. If you are using a speakerphone, please pick up your handset before pressing the keys. To withdraw your question, please press star, then two. Our first question today will come from Manny Korchman with Citigroup. Please go ahead.
Hey everyone, how are you? On their earnings call, Kilroy talked about Stripe moving to their new construction project. Was wondering what your conversations have been with Stripe since they seemingly be coming out of your asset?
Manny, hi, it's Steve here. As you might imagine, we have ongoing discussions with all of our tenants. It was just a decision that they made. They were looking at expansion opportunities in the near term. Decided to expand down in the South San Francisco market. I think it's still TBD on what they'll do with 510 Townsend. It is truly one of the more iconic and probably highest quality buildings in San Francisco now. Either way, we're in very good shape there.
Yeah, I think the move is unique to that company, and so I think just keep that in mind.
Joel, does that mean that you don't think that other companies will approach it from the same perspective, that they're having a tough time growing in San Francisco proper and might have to look out to the area, especially if they want to keep one facility rather than have satellite offices?
I think it's a more complicated issue. We're under confidentiality and not able to share, but I think it's a one-company situation that is just unique and the Collison Brothers just made a decision. That's all we could say about it. I wouldn't take it as a trend suddenly that everybody in the city of San Francisco is heading to South City.
Okay, thanks for that. On the Mercer Mega Block, you guys several times referred to it as a win. I guess, what was the city looking for in finding the right developer for that project? Is there anything that you either have to be cognizant of or sort of target as you think about building and tenanting that project?
As I said, I'll let Peter come in as well. I think one of the most important things, and this is true of major urban cities today, certainly cities on the West Coast that have a variety of impacts from whether it be homelessness or other issues. I think cities today are looking more than a developer developing an iconic building for tenants. I think they're looking for an integration with the strategic desires of the city when it comes to economic and social issues. I think they're also looking for an integration with the community around as well. Peter, you can comment as well.
Yeah. Hey, Manny, it's Peter. They certainly did like our track record of creating ecosystems in New York, for example. The fact that we have the life science expertise, which is something the city is interested in expanding. All of the examples we've been able to point to as far as being able to build a thriving cluster with amenities and other types of attractive features led them to choose us and move forward. We're really proud of it.
Thanks.
On the promise that Peter would not go back and manage the Seattle region.
There's a de-restriction.
Our next question will come from Sheila McGrath with Evercore ISI. Please go ahead.
I guess, you have grown the cluster on the Stanford campus with some recent acquisitions this year and one this quarter. Just wondered if you could talk a little bit about your plans for building out that opportunity, and is Stanford still a tenant in the building?
Hey, Sheila, this is Joel. I'll let Steve comment on the particulars, but I think it's important to remember Stanford has been the leader in that part of the world with iconic tech companies spinning out and certainly the old HP garage kind of model. I think over the years, there have been a number of major life science presences in that sub-market that have actually departed, and tech companies took over those spaces. I'd say over the past number of years, maybe the last 10 years, there's been a net decrease of life science companies in that particular sub-market. I think Stanford's desire is to maybe reignite and reenergize the life science industry there, and I think that was one of their motivations.
Specifically on the property itself, we're not ready to kind of get into all the details of what we're doing, but Steve could give you a high-level comment.
Yeah. Hi, Sheila, it's Steve. No, we're really enthusiastic to be engaged with Stanford. We've been in the Research Park for 20 years, so to continue to build out this life science district, and then really when you look at the greater Stanford area, there's been no new Class A product delivered there in 20 years. As Peter highlighted, we're making very good progress on the pipeline there. Uniquely, with the intersection of science and technology with Stanford's engineering background, it's just a wonderful cluster, very vibrant, and we look forward to working closely with them.
Okay, great. As a follow-up, on the dispositions in San Diego and South San Francisco, can you talk about the thought process on which assets you choose to monetize, the interest level in those assets? Was the greater disposition number in guidance as a result of achieving better than expected pricing?
Hey, Sheila, this is Peter. I'll let Dean finish the question up on the amounts. What we look for when we're selling a property is where have we fully realized value for a great period of time. What is maybe more one-off, although we don't really have a lot of one-off things anymore, but what is not necessarily part of an integrated campus, and these two assets kind of illustrate that. The Illumina campus is well leased for another 12 years. There's really nothing else we can do outside of developing the last building seven, which is an important thing that we're looking to do down the road. We were able to raise quite a lot of capital from that one transaction, and the percentage of upside to the amount of proceeds we got that we gave away was minor.
For 500 Forbes, it is in a great market that it has a lot of investor interest, but it is not necessarily close to a number of our assets along East Grand, or other key addresses that we hold there, Gateway, for example, a number of buildings that we hold there. We looked at that and said, great location, but not necessarily integrated into our two campuses there. Of course, the word partial is important. We still own a big chunk of the Illumina campus and a minor position in 500 Forbes, and we'll continue to manage those assets and hold onto them for the long term.
Sheila, it's Dean here. I believe our initial guidance for dispositions this year started out fairly meaningful. It's probably close to $750 million, at least looking back to the end of 2018. We did end up with a little bit more capital on that front. I think we're getting close to a little over $900 million by the time we finish this year. That additional capital just went to funding broadly our needs this year. Most of it, as you know, is going into construction, but we did have a fairly robust acquisition deal flow this year as well.
Okay, thank you.
Our next question will come from Jamie Feldman with Bank of America Merrill Lynch. Please go ahead.
Great. Thank you. I guess just sticking with the investment market, can you talk more about the appetite from buyers across all the markets, what are you seeing in terms of cap rates or cap rate compression?
Hey, Jamie, it's Peter. It's obvious. All you have to do is open up a story in any of the markets that we're in, and it's headlining with life sciences being something people are interested in or raising money to invest in. There's a very robust market for acquisitions, and not a lot of things have traded. For example, there was a portfolio of B assets that came to the market in the Research Triangle Park, and it set a pretty good cap rate comp for that market. Ended up being sub-six, which was well below what anyone had anticipated, but illustrates the appetite for the asset class. Sorry, what was the other part of that question? Oh, cap rate. Sorry.
Yeah, cap rate.
As I just said, cap rates just nationally on the office side have not moved in a number of quarters. If you read the different publications from Real Capital Analytics and others that track these things in detail, even with interest rates going down recently, but also going up last year, they've fairly remained the same. I'd say there's really no difference in the cap rates for lab. They've also been very stable over the last two to three years.
Okay. I guess just maybe just to take a step back at the legislative environment. Anything that you guys are watching or investors need to be watching that's either more or less risk than the last time we discussed it, or the last time you brought it up or it was discussed on the last conference call? Just what are you watching on the road ahead that is most concerning to you?
Jamie.
Well, everybody's watching Washington for almost everything that happens, and there's generally nothing happening. It's all talk and no do. It's pretty clear that both the Democrats and Republicans would like to have, going into election year, some win in the area of, broadly, they call it drug pricing. My own view is it's more like healthcare costs, because drug pricing is 10%, 12% of the pie, and so you can't really impact healthcare costs by trying to impact 10%-12% only. You've really got to have a much bigger stroke. As you know, it's a complicated chain. You've got manufacturers, you've got middlemen, you've got the insurance companies, you've got users.
Why drugs have, or therapies, better said, get more notice is when you go to a hospital, you have surgery, you come out with a $100,000 bill, and you don't even look at it because everything's covered, assuming you have insurance. You may get a bill for $1,000, $2,000-some-odd for pharmaceuticals that you took, and you wonder, why the heck am I paying so much when you spent 100 times more than that on or the insurance covered it. Somehow they're trying to figure it out. I don't think anybody has an easy fix. There's things that are being talked about to tweak Medicare, and I've talked about those on past calls, but at the moment, I would say we don't see anything dramatic happening on the horizon at the moment, but clearly watching carefully.
Finally, given your commentary on unicorns and what's going on in the private equity markets and IPO markets, what's your appetite to put fresh capital to work in your investment portfolio? Have you slowed that at all, or do you expect to?
Well, we don't have any target investment amounts. We're opportunistic day to day, week to week, month to month, quarter to quarter. We certainly are trying to harvest gains and recycle capital where we see it. I think to some extent, we've been pretty cautious for a good part of the year because of valuations. I was in one meeting personally being pitched by an investor. Actually, SoftBank was a lead investor in this deal, and the valuation was approaching $1 billion, and we thanked them for the meeting and passed on. We've been very disciplined and very careful about what we do and how we do it. I think if the market declines, actually, that's a better time to invest than at a peak. You kind of have to be agile, disciplined.
I think that's the word I think we always try to use, both on the real estate side and on the investment side. We try to maintain great discipline in what we do.
Okay. Thank you.
Our next question will come from Michael Carroll with RBC Capital Markets. Please go ahead.
Yeah, thanks. The company has done a pretty good job, I guess, sourcing future development projects, and it looks like there's three sizable projects currently in the pipeline to be acquired in San Diego, San Francisco, and Seattle. Can you discuss how management thinks about the timeline of these types of deals, and is there a limit to how big you want to have the land bank?
I think we would not want to comment on deals in process, either what they are and timing on that. I will ask Dean to comment on the land bank, because that's clearly an issue that we hold near and dear to our hearts. Having been through the 2008, 2009, really market crash, it's certainly important that we try to be in there. We held a lot of land, way more than we do today. We were disciplined about not disposing of it in Mission Bay and in Cambridge. Dean can comment on kind of how we think about targets.
Michael, what we've done on page two of the press release is given a bit of a breakdown of our land holdings as a percentage of gross real estate. What is committed and under construction, plus Bluxome, which will be under construction hopefully soon, represents about 7% of gross real estate. It's important to keep in mind, all of that is vertical under construction, except for Bluxome, but we've made a lease commitment there, and it's 64% leased today. Then we also have land beyond that, which I think is really where investors are probably focused, because this is stuff that we haven't made a commitment to but represents the future growth opportunities, and that's about 5% of gross investment in real estate. I think that's a modest number that we're carrying.
Keep in mind, much of what we've talked about in the 7% bucket is targeted to be delivered by 2020, with the exception of Bluxome, that will go beyond that.
This is Peter. I mean, you should also realize or just look at our statistics. We've been delivering well over 1 million square feet per year into all of our sub-markets. We're not just buying space or buying land and sitting on it. We're putting it to work pretty closely after acquiring it. As I mentioned on the comments, just year-to-date, we've already leased 1.2 million square feet of development space. We're acquiring things, but we're putting it to work almost as quickly as we're closing.
Okay, great. Peter, can you talk a little bit about the competitive environment for, I guess, some of these acquisitions just in general? How has that changed over the past few years? Are you seeing the same type of players, have you seen pricing kind of increase for some of these attractive land sites?
I think pricing is just a function of real estate in general. Lab space is certainly attractive, but all asset types outside of retail have been gaining significant value, and I think we're just along for the same ride. There are a few more buyers in the tent for things that are stabilized. A lot of the same people are still there. As you can see just by the activity that we've published in this report, we're coming out ahead in many of these bids.
Okay, great. Thank you.
Our next question will come from Rich Anderson with SMBC. Please go ahead.
Thanks. Good afternoon. You touched on this in your comments, but the third quarter releasing spread has kind of brought down the average from a year-to-date perspective. Still insane growth, but I'm curious, is it fair to say that 30-ish type GAAP spreads for the long term is not something that investors and analysts should be thinking of? When you look line of sight into what you have in front of you, including early renewals, that growth of that order of magnitude, not to give us guidance, is something that isn't sort of off the table or starting to sort of wither?
Hey, Rich, it's Dean here. If you look back at page 21 of our supplemental, you do have two and three-quarter years' worth of historical information on rental rate growth on leasing activity.
Yeah.
I'll just rattle out some stats, but the GAAP numbers are 24%-30%, and cash numbers anywhere from high 12% up to 16%.
That may be a little bit of a barometer for range. It's all healthy, extremely healthy. Even the stats that we published for the quarter. You're talking about a different mix of leases that are being executed every period and every year. I think as being able to address a healthy real estate environment like we have in front of us, should give us some solid rental rate growth as we think about the future. I can't tell you today, it's too early to predict on guidance, Rich.
Right.
Stay tuned for our Investor Day for 2020.
I'd also say too, Rich, I was actually at an investor meeting yesterday, and one of the kind of leading investors, I won't name him, but talked about the macro environment going forward and created a range that if a progressive on the Democratic side won versus a Trump re-election, that the market could swing literally 50%. Down 30 and maybe up 10, 15, or 20 on just policies. Obviously, depends a lot on how Congress would shape up from the House and the Senate. I think that we're all subject to that fluctuation or that kind of mindset going forward into 2020. That's not specific to us in particular. If it turns out predictions or whatever happens turned out to be positive, then that's gonna be a lot more positive for our business.
If it turns out to be negative, will be negative for our business. I think that's a factor that is way beyond our control for sure.
Sure. No problem. Thank you for that. Another sort of kind of recurring theme is the early renewal element to your leasing activity, 69% this quarter. You've really bitten into the future expiration schedule, I think something like 12% expiring in 2020 and 2021 combined. To that end, is there a finiteness to the quote, unquote, "pipeline of early renewal activity" in your mind? Can it extend well beyond 2021 into 2022 and forward, such that the early renewal activity will continue for some time to come?
I think, my own view is, and I'll let these guys comment, is not only early renewals, but movement, growth of companies where somebody leaves. Stripe might be a good example, an unexpected move by somebody, and then the backfilling of that space if they do give it up, don't know if they will or not. Steve's commented on that. There are a number of situations that continue to come up. One happened yesterday that we got word of in Greater Boston, and somebody wanting to do something kind of unexpected, but at the end of the day, you say, "Wow, if we had that space back or could share rent on that space, it would be a big plus," because it's an older lease in place. I think those things still permeate throughout the asset base.
Rich, it's Dean here. You're right that the volume on early renewals as a percentage of our leasing activity has been very high, but it's been high for a number of years. I think given real estate fundamentals, just a lack of general supply in the markets and our tenants needing to continue to grow, you should probably continue to see healthy renewal rates as a percentage of leasing activity. Our volume in expirations are relatively light, 5% a year for the next few years. We still have tremendous early renewals that will drive leasing velocity on top of that.
Okay, great. Then quickly, Dean, for you, just so I have the model right, all the forward equity taken down in the fourth quarter and zero preferred dividends?
We just had a little bit of dividends due through the closing of Series D in October, and then it goes away after that. The bulk of the forward, I think the question came up last quarter, settles in 4Q. I'm sure we have a little bit coming in in 3Q as well.
Okay, great. Thank you.
There are no further questions in the question queue. This will conclude the question and answer session, and I would like to turn the conference back over to Mr. Marcus for any closing remarks.
Okay. Thank you very much, everybody, and we look forward to talking to you on fourth quarter and year-end. Take care.
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