Welcome to the American Vanguard Corporation's third quarter 2022 financial results conference call and webcast. At this time, all participants are in listen-only mode. A brief question-and-answer session will follow the formal presentation. As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to Mr. Tim Donnelly, Chief Administrative Officer. You may begin, Mr. Donnelly.
Thank you, Rob, and welcome everyone to American Vanguard's 2022 third quarter and nine-month earnings review. Our speakers today will be Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Eric Wintemute, our Chief Financial Officer, David Johnson. To assist in answering questions, our Chief Operating Officer, Bob Trogele, is also on hand. Also, by way of housekeeping, the company is filing its Form 10-Q later today with the SEC, which will provide additional detail on our financial performance that we will be discussing in this call. Before beginning, let's just take a moment to go to our safe harbor reminder on slide 2. In today's call, the company may discuss forward-looking information. Such information and statements are based on estimates and assumptions by the company's management and are subject to various risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ from management's current expectations.
Such factors can include weather conditions, changes in regulatory policy, competitive pressures, and various other risks as detailed in the company's SEC reports and filings. All forward-looking statements represent the company's best judgment as of the date of this call, and such information will not necessarily be updated by the company. With that, I turn the call over to Eric Wintemute. Eric?
Thank you, Tim, and thank all of you for joining us today. Moving to slide three, we have listed the agenda for today's call. First, I'd like to start off by acknowledging the terrific work of the AMVAC team to take care of our customers, increase prices to manage inflation, safely operating our factories at very high levels, and continue to drive our precision agriculture innovations forward. We have delivered excellent financial results and expect to maintain our momentum in the fourth quarter. Additionally, we repurchased 1.2 million shares of our stock during the third quarter, indicating our confidence in the strength of our business. Simply put, we are managing our business well in challenging times. Let's move on to slide four to discuss our top-line performance for the first nine months of the year.
Generally speaking, continued high commodity prices for corn, soybean, and wheat are supporting a strong farm economy. With respect to domestic crop, we're up 20% year to date, led by Dacthal, which is used for weed control on high-value crops and our cotton products, Bidrin for pest control and Folex, our harvest aid, due to increased cotton acres and favorable weather. We experienced higher sales of Aztec for the nine-month period despite an inventory shortage during Q3. In addition, we recorded strong sales of our soil fumigant products in spite of the drought conditions in the West, due largely to price increases. With respect to non-crop, sales are down 11% year to date, due primarily to reduced U.S. consumer demand for lawn and garden products. On the positive side, sales to professional applicators rose with more consumers returning to work.
We are well-positioned with our mosquito adulticide following Hurricane Ian. Also, we are tracking Tropical Storm Nicole, which is expected to make landfall late tomorrow night. While forecasted to have lower winds than Ian, Nicole is predicted to travel at 9 mph which should result in considerable precipitation in Florida, Georgia, and the Carolinas. Our international business was up 14% year to date, led by Agrinos, which recorded sales growth of 55% and gross profit up 60%. Brazil, which grew by 42% due in part to sales of our nematicide, Counter. Further, net sales in Mexico grew 26% and gross profit grew 22% with strong sales of our proprietary soil fumigants. Further, our Central American business recorded sales growth at 11%, led by products used on pineapples and bananas.
Finally, our Australia business recorded sales up 11% and gross margin improvement from 35%- 39%. Before revisiting our full-year outlook and taking a first glance at 2023, let's first focus on current conditions as they will have an impact on both short- and mid-term performance. As I mentioned earlier, high commodity prices arising from scarcity in global food supply, coupled with strong demand, are driving a strong farm economy. Turning to Slide 5, we note the upward trend of corn prices over the past two years. As you can see, two years ago, before the 2021 season, corn was at $4.05 per bushel. One year ago, it rose to $5.59 per bushel, and now it is at $6.80 per bushel. That's a 68% rise over the past two years.
We see a similar trend with soybean prices over the same period. At this time in 2020, soybeans were $10.86 a bushel. One year ago, they rose to $12.05 per bushel, and now they're at $14.52 per bushel. This is a 34% increase over two years. Higher commodity prices tend to drive procurement activity for both crop inputs and planting and harvesting equipment. However, procurement trends by distribution channel appear to be evening out over the course of 2022, which began at a torrid pace in the first quarter and returned to greater normalcy over the second and third quarters. Despite this level of investment at farmgate, channel inventories for AMVAC's products are at low levels, and our distribution partners are bullish on the prospects for the 2023's planting season.
Let me show you slide 6, which will further highlight this point. As you see here, we're experiencing very high profits in the state of Iowa, and this is a calculation of revenues, cost, and profitability tracking back to 1970. At the high point in 2012, we are currently about $200 an acre better than that which was our previous best year. That translates into about $2.5 billion above 2012 and nearly $7 billion in profits for Iowa corn growers. Again, illustrating why I think our team is very bullish on the U.S. farm economy. It is nevertheless useful to consider other factors in forecasting the market. Inflation becomes a significant driver in the global economy and is affecting nearly all industries.
As you can see on slide 7, the Fed has been raising interest rates aggressively over the past seven months. Because the Fed took comparatively early action to raise those rates, the dollar had enjoyed a favorable exchange rate against many currencies. However, many other countries followed suit, and we are seeing certain currencies regain lost ground against the dollar. With a strong dollar and high commodity prices to date, the farm economy has been able to withstand inflation largely through price increases. At American Vanguard, we're enjoying a second straight year of strong demand for which we've been able to build and sell sufficient inventory at improved margins. Having six North American factories, as depicted on slide 8, we have been able to make in-season adjustments to manage fluctuating demand. These manufacturing assets have been essential in our ability to operate with autonomy.
Further, while the supply chain has not fully returned to the stable state of three years ago, we are seeing a drop in freight prices and the availability of both shipping containers and vessels are improving. However, some raw materials that originate in countries affected by pandemic restrictions or geo-geopolitical considerations, for example, phosphorus, are affecting the availability and price of some of our key intermediate products. We are taking all available measures to ensure that we can order and receive our necessary inputs in time to meet demand. I can tell you that this is as much an art as it is a science. In short, the upcycle for the agricultural sector that began in 2021 is expected to continue through 2023. Geopolitical activity is lifting commodity prices, giving growers added incentive to procure both crop inputs and equipment.
Further, our positioning of products in the distribution channel should enable us to maintain strong brand value. Thus, while there may be countervailing factors such as inflation, record low water levels in the Mississippi River, and potential glitches in the supply chain, we believe that we are poised to continue our strong performance. In short term, we are targeting 2022 full performance to be unchanged from our prior call. Let's turn to slide 9. This is our 2022 performance target scorecard. You've seen this before, and over the last nine months, we have seen our revenue growth at 13%, gross margins at 41%, operating expenses at 32%, interest 23% below 2021. However, we are expecting with the interest slides that we just showed to have higher interest costs in Q4. Tax rate for the nine months at 30%.
We're expecting that to tick down 2%-3% to $27 million or $28 million at the end of the year. Debt to EBITDA, we're currently at 1.9x. We are expecting that to decrease before the end of the year, besides any further acquisitions. We have, I should say, in between stock repurchase and dividends, spent about $35 million so far this year. Net income is up 71% for the year, and EBITDA is up 30%. With that, David, I'll turn this over to you for financial analysis.
Thank you, Eric. Let's move on to slide 11, please. Moving to slide 11, with regard to our sales performance for the third quarter of 2022, the company's net sales increased by 3.4% to $152 million as compared to $147 million last year. Within that overall improvement, our U.S. sales were comparable to the prior year, and our international sales increased by 9%. International sales accounted for 42% of total sales versus 40% last year. Turning to slide 12. With regard to gross profit performance, our U.S. crop business recorded a 14% increase in absolute gross profit on sales that increased by 4%.
This performance was largely the result of focusing on improving gross profit on lower margin products by timely implementation of price increases to cover inflation for both higher costs of goods, increased inbound and outbound freight, and interest expense. Overall, our crop margins improved from 45%-50%. Our non-crop sales absolute gross margin reduced by 1% on sales that were down approximately 12%. The company was successful in implementing price increases aimed at improving gross profits, particularly on comparatively lower margin products, in order to recover raw materials, logistics costs across a range of products. With regard to our third quarter international sales, we saw sales increase by 9% and an associated 1% improvement in absolute gross margins. The international business has contended with significant cost pressure as a result of strong U.S. dollar impact on cost of goods.
They have been effective at implementing price increases where possible, given global competitive conditions. The graph on slide 13 shows the impact of the factory performance on consolidated gross margin. You can see that in the third quarter of 2021, factory costs amounted to 1.2% of sales. Our performance this year was stronger, though they were both excellent factory activity periods. On slide 14, we show operating expenses for the quarter that increased by $1.7 million compared to last year. Our expenses were 33% of sales for both the third quarter of 2022 and 2021. We are seeing costs increase as the business is returning more and more to face-to-face meetings with counterparties and the concomitant travel expenses.
Further, we spent more on advertising and marketing, and in Brazil, where we had a very strong quarter, we incurred higher third-party agent commission expenses. Finally, we spent more on a range of administrative support costs. As an offset, freight expense was lower, primarily as a result of lower volumes associated with our U.S. sales of our Metam product line. As you will see on slide 15, our third quarter 2022 operating income was 26% higher than the level reported for the same period of 2021. We recorded slightly higher interest expense on lower average debt in the third quarter of 2022 as compared to last year. There are two factors.
First, we have generated cash from operations during the last 12 months while continuing to develop our precision application systems, manage working capital in the face of both inflation and strong growth, invested in our manufacturing assets, paid dividends, and executed on the biggest stock repurchase program in the company's history. Offsetting these factors, we are seeing the impact of rising interest rates. From a tax perspective, our effective income tax rate increased to 30.5% this quarter compared to 20.7% the third quarter of 2021. The increase was primarily driven by the mix of jurisdictions of our domestic and international businesses where our taxable profits were generated, and one-time international tax benefits in the third quarter of 2021 that did not reoccur in 2022.
All these factors came together to generate $6.7 million in net income as compared to $5.5 million last year, a quarter-over-quarter increase of 23%. On slide 16, you can see that for the first nine months of 2022, our sales were up 13% and gross margins in absolute terms are up 18%. Both our U.S. and international businesses have contributed to this exciting performance. Operating expenses increased primarily as a result of the proxy contest expense, the growth of sales affecting freight costs, increased regulatory and registration costs as our international business grows strongly, increased accruals for short-term incentive compensation reflecting improved business performance, and increased accruals associated with contingent consideration related to our Australian business that was acquired at the end of 2020.
Overall operating costs, which include outbound freight and warehousing, were up 9% as compared to net sales that increased 13%. Operating costs improved to 32% of net sales in the first nine months of 2022, as compared to 33% in the prior year. Interest expense has reduced by 23%, and the tax rate increased from 27.4% in 2021 to 30.2% in 2022, mainly due to jurisdictions where taxable profits were generated. Overall, net income has increased by 71% for the first nine months of the year. Now I want to turn my attention to the balance sheet and the company's focus on capital allocation. Slide 17 shows the company's capital allocation model that drives many of our actions.
We focus on managing debt under our credit facility agreement with a group of banks that we've worked with for many years. We aim at an average level of debt to bank adjusted EBITDA of between 1x-2.5 times. The higher end of the range is generally driven by the impact of acquisitions. The credit facility allows us to manage through the strong annual cycle with working capital that expands during the first six to nine months and reduces at the end of the year. In addition, we have grown through acquisition and depend on availability under the line to fund such acquisitions. This has worked extremely well for the company over the history of our alliance with our bankers. We are focused on paying a sustainable dividend and have historically paid approximately 10% of net income.
We have diverged from that record only when faced with extenuating circumstances such as COVID. We have been committed to managing the number of shares outstanding and have invested $34 million year-to-date 2022 to repurchase approximately 1.5 million shares. We expect to complete the current accelerated share repurchase arrangement during the fourth quarter of 2022, and we'll provide final share count at the next conference call. Investment in the growth of our business is the key to our future success. We're working hard on the development and full commercialization of our SIMPAS Ultimus technologies, and recently announced that we have achieved the registration of our proprietary product Counter on soybeans in Brazil. We're also growing our Green Solutions portfolio with, for example, our new NewLeaf alliance.
At the same time, we continue to take actions to ensure our factories are safe and efficient and capable of supporting our growing business. On slide 18, we show our progression on adjusted EBITDA from $38 million in the 12 months ended September 30, 2015 to $78 million for the 12 months ended September 30, 2022. That is a compound annual growth rate of 11%. It is pleasing to note that we are close to achieving the company's all-time high annual EBITDA, which was $79 million in 2012. On slide 19, you can see that at the end of September 2022, we reported inventories at $192 million as compared to $167 million last year.
Inventory management is a significant focus, and this year we have made prudent decisions to hold higher levels of inventory than the past year, past years as we monitor lead times, continuing logistics challenges, and the strong ag cycle demand conditions, procuring inventories earlier than in prior years to secure product for the 2022-2023 growing season. The graph shows inventory expressed as a percentage of trailing 12-month sales. You can see that our long-term trend line for this important business metric is good, notwithstanding short-term market conditions that have impelled us to make the decisions just discussed. As you can see on slide 20 with regard to liquidity, under the terms of the credit facility agreement, the company uses EBITDA, consolidated EBITDA, as defined in the agreement to determine the borrowing capacity.
Our consolidated EBITDA for the trailing four quarters to September 30, 2022 was $77 million as compared to $66 million for the four quarters to September 30, 2021. At September 30, 2022, our debt was $149 million as compared to $136 million last year. This included the $34 million used to repurchase stock over the last 12 months. Availability has improved notwithstanding the higher closing debt and ended at $121 million as compared to $95 million this time last year. In summary, on slide 21, for the first nine months of 2022, sales have increased by 13%. GAAP net income has increased by 71%. Adjusted EBITDA has increased by 30%.
Adjusted EBITDA has also increased from 12% of sales in the first nine months of 2021 to 14% in the first nine months of this year. EPS has improved by 73%. We have acquired 1.5 million shares during 2022 as compared to 300,000 in the same period of the prior year. With that, I will hand back to Eric.
Thank you, David. Moving on to slide 22, which is our three-element growth strategy. The core includes the growth of our traditional portfolio, our new product innovation, and our M&A activities. Our Green Solutions initiatives consist of a portfolio of more than 120 regional products that we will focus to expand use globally. In addition, through Envance Technologies, we've begun basic R&D molecular discovery to create new Green Solutions pest management products. With regard to our precision application innovations through SIMPAS, we offer the entire industry the ability to prescriptively apply multiple crop inputs simultaneously. We are working diligently to expand our SIMPAS product portfolio to offer growers a wide variety of solutions. Additionally, we are developing multiple applications for Ultimus documentation software. As per slide 23, with respect to our core products, we are on track to meet our growth targets through 2025.
We'll accomplish this growth through both internal development and acquisition. For instance, our impact herbicide mixture products, which we developed as part of our innovation review process, are generating revenue growth, commanding good margins, and are enabling us to expand our share of the post-emergent herbicide market. With respect to acquisition, the markets remain robust. Year to date, we have looked at over 30 potential acquisition targets, of which we are still evaluating 10. As we have mentioned in the past, we are selective, strategic, and rigorous in ensuring that new products or businesses meet or exceed our acquisition hurdles. Turning to Green Solutions. As you can see on slide 24, we are poised to achieve our multi-year growth targets.
In addition to our portfolio of over 120 biological and green products, we recently announced our alliance with NewLeaf, which has developed a line of soil health products, microbials that produce enzymes which improve a plant's ability to take up nutrients. One of the key NewLeaf products called Terrasym appears on slide 25. Here we can discuss in brief how Terrasym works. Focus is on this special group of bacteria, PPFMs, that can use methanol efficiently as a carbon source to survive, thrive, and sequester methanol preferentially over bacteria. As the plant's roots establish itself, specific microbes start to form a symbiotic relationship with the bacteria. The association between plant and bacteria forms. Finally, methanol is consumed as a food source by the bacteria to build bacterial population and release plant beneficial molecules and nutrients which enhance the plant's response.
As we present in slide 26, Terrasym is especially well suited for use in corn, where it serves to enhance root structure and plant health. In fact, we have been tracking the Terrasym technology for some time with that use in mind. Ultimately, we plan to make Terrasym available through our SIMPAS system. This brings us to slide 27, the third element of our growth strategy. Presently, we have 81 systems, SIMPAS systems in use, including one in the Ukraine and one in Brazil. As you can see from slide 28, we remain on track to meet our multi-year growth targets for SIMPAS. Bear in mind that this is U.S. only. We are currently testing a SIMPAS unit in Brazil, which is the largest ag market in the world. As we recently announced, we have obtained a new label that permits the use of Counter on soybeans in Brazil.
This should double or triple our sales in Brazil of this proprietary nematicide within a short time. On a relative note, one of the largest growers in Brazil with over 550,000 hectares is coming to the U.S. to observe the prescriptive application of Counter through SIMPAS in this upcoming planting season. In addition, as shown on slide 29, Rabobank as a leading lender in the carbon credit market, John Deere Financial and AMVAC have joined together to offer 2.65% financing with harvest terms on new SIMPAS equipment. This alliance should enable us to gain even greater traction and market acceptance of SIMPAS. Finally, on slide 30, we summarize the financial targets of our three growth pillars, core, Green Solutions, and precision.
I am pleased to say that our entire AMVAC team has both contributed to and embraces our three-year growth targets. As I mentioned at the start of the call, we are performing strongly and consistently in the face of variable conditions. We are well poised to address demand in the ag upcycle, as the ag upcycle continues into 2023. Further, we are maintaining a strong balance sheet and high borrowing capacity while self-investing in innovation and total shareholder return. With that, we'd like to open up to any questions you may have. Rob?
Thank you. We'll now be conducting a question and answer session. If you'd like to ask a question today, please press star one from your telephone keypad and a confirmation tone will indicate your line is in the question queue. You may press star two if you would like to remove your question from the queue. For participants that are using speaker equipment, it may be necessary to pick up your handset before pressing the star keys. One moment please while we poll for questions. Once again, that's star one. Thank you. Thank you. Our first question is from the line of Gerry Sweeney with Roth Capital. Please proceed with your questions.
Good afternoon, Eric, David, Bob. Thanks for taking my call.
Yeah, our pleasure.
Just wanted to start at the top. Obviously, sounds like increasing bullishness on 2023. Just wanted to get your thoughts where you think we may be in this cycle and how, you know, 2023 plays out and maybe a little bit after that since you've been through this, several times.
Well, of course, there's no way of predicting exactly how long upcycles happen, but right now I'm not hearing from any of our customers that they can see a downward move. People obviously, the more years you go out, the more variables there are and harder to predict. But certainly I think for 2024 certainly looks very good. 2025 I think also looks strong. Bob, any color you wanna add to that?
Well, I think, Jerry, there are, of course, challenges on there. We, you know, we see a strong U.S. ag commodity through the next, you know, cycle, meaning till October harvest time. The big factor, which is the unknown, is really what will the China demand look like for South America and for North America. That will, you know, play out in the first and second quarter. I think one other, you know, major issue is, you know, where our energy price is going to be as the replenishment happens with the U.S. strategic reserves, the Russia conflict. Those are kind of a little bit unknowns. As Eric stated, you know, we have a strong pipeline of technology, so we feel very confident to grow, you know, whether we have those headwinds or not.
As we penetrate the market more with our technology, I think we'll be in good shape.
Speaking of technology, that was actually a good story, a segue into one of my next questions. You call it core business, new growth. I call it sort of the old kids, new kids, right? When you're looking at, you know, at Green Solutions, and even I guess to some degree, SIMPAS and Ultimus, but maybe just they're probably different routes to market. When you look at those two businesses, is there anything you need, you know, internally to drive growth? I mean, are you gonna leverage the same channel but have some different education with the end users or with distributors, I guess, overseas? Anything that we can think about or you're thinking about that could enhance growth or ensure growth, et cetera?
Yeah, it's a question we've been asked before, and it's a good one. It's one we think about as well. Yeah, we are green lighting our team's interest in whether it's marketing or expense or capital or adding people. Definitely those two units are being fed, I think, the resources that they've asked for. I have, you know, looked at John Deere and seen how their See & Spray has gathered, you know, so much attention. It's really good technology, but it is one input, and that's herbicides. That's not, you know, kind of a time of planting those are going through and kind of. I guess exposure is one part of it.
It's one of the reasons why we've, you know, we've worked with our peers in their products that we're adding to the portfolio. I would think probably it's just getting our message out.
We've been handicapped some through the COVID, where we could not meet in person with people, but that activity has stepped up dramatically and I think it's why we're pretty bullish on what we can accomplish both in those two, both in Green Solutions and SIMPAS, which again, each quarter I go through with the team and say, "All right, any adjustments up or down?" And right now, everybody feels confident with those targets, which again, if we achieve those over the next three years, you know, I think we're gonna have a lot more notoriety out there.
Got it. Switching gears, I think you mentioned maybe 10 potential acquisitions or that sort of a funnel. I'm not sure exactly what you said on that front. Market's strong. There's this shift focus, obviously of your core business, right? You're maybe even a shift in focus or more attention to the greener solutions. Some of those businesses are probably getting much more attention. I imagine multiples and prices are going up. You know, how do you look at prices, you know, biologicals, long runway type growth businesses that you can acquire but may be more expensive than what you paid historically?
Yeah. I mean, I think that's where we're being fairly prudent, you know, paying you know 12x-15 x. Of course, a lot of the biological companies are not profitable. So the acquisitions, you know, we made with Agrinos, obviously, you know, we paid well under just the assets.
Yeah.
You know, licensing or doing distribution part, you know, alliances with, you know, really great companies like NewLeaf is a good ability for them to not have to invest in building a market access platform with, you know, a lot of overhead and can benefit from the structure that we've got set up there. Those types of arrangements enable us to grow meaningfully in the space without us having to put up a multiple like what you were talking about.
Got it. Of those 10 acquisitions, more core, more GreenS olutions, what does that look like, I guess, the funnel?
Yeah. I mean, it's across the space, Bob. I mean, you know, as you mentioned, there are Green Solutions companies that are looking to cash out on the, you know, enhanced view of what Green Solutions can offer and, you know, a potential growth. We see some what we would consider more core products that are available that can be kind of bolt-ons that make sense for us. So again, overall, there's plenty of opportunities. I guess from our standpoint, we wanna make sure we've got, you know, adequate resources to develop our two initiatives to defend our existing products, but also look opportunistically at these acquisitions. Again, somewhat what we see, you know, we're kind of on an exclusive basis.
Those types of deals that we've done several over the last few years, generally are more accretive to us, upfront.
Got it. One more question, then I'll jump back in queue. I think sales up 13%. Do you know how much this is maybe volume versus price?
Yeah. I think
Yeah.
At the last call, I think we were looking at it was more 50/50.
Okay.
I think we're now what, 85% to.
80/20.
80/20. Okay. 80% price and 20%. We had some really hefty increases that we put in place for the third quarter that kind of drove. Particularly our soil fumigant was a big part of that. We had significant increase in that, and it's a big product for our third and fourth quarter.
Okay. Perfect. I appreciate it. Thank you.
Sure.
Thank you. As a reminder, if you'd like to ask a question at this time, you may press star one from your telephone keypad. We'll pause a moment to assemble the queue. Thank you. The next question is from the line of Wayne Pinsent with Gabelli Funds. Please proceed with your question.
Hi. Thanks for taking my call.
Sure.
My question. So just back to that, 80% price, 20% volume. Was that for the year-to-date? Just looking at the quarter, like a lot of comparisons with the quarter versus, you know, you put out the quarter today and then a lot of talk about year-to-date numbers. Can you just discuss sort of pricing, what you're getting through now, volumes and how it's looking in the quarter and sort of the seasonality of your business, if you could just go over that?
Yeah. I think your question was. I'm sorry. I didn't quite understand. The first piece is about the 80/20. That's for the year. I think that was your first question. Again, can you remind me what your second question was?
Yeah. If you could go over sort of what the pricing and volume was in the quarter. Third question, I guess, is if you could just discuss the seasonality because, you know, we're talking a lot year to date on the call, and just looking at the quarter-over-quarter numbers, if you could discuss the seasonality of your business too.
85% in the quarter.
Was it 85%?
Yes.
Okay. $85 and $20 and was priced and okay.
Yes
for the quarter.
Yeah.
From the seasonality, again, our soil fumigant business, Vapam, K-Pam are our biggest products. What we've seen is the market grow outside of the United States. In the U.S., we're, you know, probably about 10 million gallons, in that range. But we've got about 2.5 million gallons now that have grown into Mexico, Australia, Central America, and those markets are growing strongly for us. As I mentioned, we had drought conditions in the U.S. and some up in the Pacific Northwest. Volume overall was down in the U.S., but up internationally, so they kinda canceled each other out.
As I said, we had significant increases in costs going into the quarter, and there were pretty hefty price increases. That's probably what drove the most. I mentioned our cotton two products. Both of those had high cost increases, and they had substantial, you know, 25% type price increases. That led obviously to, I think, you know, some. It's skewing more towards price rather than volume.
All right. Thanks.
Yep.
Just in addition to that, looking forward, you know, you guys mentioned farmer economics are in great shape going into 2023. How much p ricing, do you think you can push through in the fourth quarter and into 2023, and how do you think that's shaping up?
Yeah, so far, we're not having price pushback, which is good. You know, we've made good progress in 2021. I think we kind of were ahead of our peers on that regard. I think they've caught up in 2022. We've got, you know, for the U.S. season, we've put through price increases in the September timeframe that look fine going forward. Internationally, we've had delayed increase results in Mexico, and that has now kicked into place, and they've increased their prices. Similarly, in Central America, they were not quite as far behind Mexico and Brazil as well.
Australia, yeah, they've been able to put through price increases in most of the products. It has been a little slower internationally than domestically. I think right now, we feel pretty good about where our margins are going to be, based on the cost increases that we've had.
Okay. Thank you.
Our next question is from the line of Chris Kapsch with Loop Capital Markets. Please proceed with your question.
Yeah. Hi, good afternoon. I had some follow-ups on some of the discussion that's already taken place. Just on the pricing dynamic for the industry, one of your peers, your larger peers had talked about, you know, pricing also, but juxtaposed against a cost inflation that seemed to be moderating, at least looking forward into 2023. I'm just wondering if you see any of that cost inflation moderation happening, and how do you think, you know, the stickiness of your pricing increases that you've had based on, you know, cost push will hang in if in fact a cost inflation moderates over the course of the next, I don't know, 12 to 18 to 24 months?
Yeah. Certainly within our proprietary products, I mean, we've got a good portion of the products that we sell, we're kind of it, certainly with most of the organophosphates. We are seeing phosphorus costs improving. We are seeing freight, at least inbound freight, improving. I think. I guess your question may be, if costs improve, are we gonna need to trim our increases? I don't think so. I mean, based upon the farm economy today, I think it's robust. I think people are making money. You know, we tend not to play in the commodity markets.
We certainly have some products where we've got generic competition, you know, and there could be some of those products that do fluctuate downward. But again, those are areas that we don't emphasize sales. If we're in a mode where it's not gonna be profitable to our liking, then we just step aside. I guess to answer your questions, I think we feel we're in pretty good shape to maintain our margins.
Great. If we were to look at, you know, granularly at the price increases that you have achieved or pushed through, would it be sort of across the board, in magnitude for all the product lines? Or is there certain areas where you're, you know, more tactically pushing more price because of either, some differentiation or because of some more acute costs associated with that particular product line? Or is it just kind of like a blanket price increase? Just out of curiosity.
You know, I'll just speak domestically, and I think they were looking at somewhere in the 6%-20%, depending on the product. There is wide variation. I think a lot of that is driven by cost. You know, what we've both done, we've talked about before, is that all of the marketing managers know each SKU's cost by what we have in inventory, what replacement cost is, what we expect cost to be 90, 180, 270, and 360 days out. Based upon that, I think our team looks at that and with the aspect that they wanna make sure they do not have margin deterioration.
I think we have seen, you know, some price increases, and I mentioned with, maybe with our Vapam product line, where, you know, we're going up, you know, maybe cost is going up $200 an acre to fumigate. Our people are saying, "Well, maybe I'm not gonna apply quite as much." There has been a little sticker shock with that. That being said, you know, our net sales of the product are increasing. Just it's more in price than in volume.
That's helpful. Thanks. If you know, talking about the you know, what looks like a favorable backdrop and relative bullishness about the agricultural market going into next year, you peel that back a little bit, it looks like early indications are that there'll be in North America a you know, a shift of preference towards corn versus soy. Last year it was the opposite. Just wondering if based on the channel demand at this stage, if you're seeing that likely shift to corn acreage or you know, maybe a increase in corn acreage, relatively speaking. Is that manifesting in demand pull for your soil-applied insecticides, or is it too early to say? How do you feel about that particular product line into the 2023 season?
Do you think that the competitive landscape for your products are the same as they've been or is it evolving? Thanks.
Yeah. With regard to corn, I mean, a slide that Bob furnished me this morning on Iowa certainly with. If I was a corn grower and planting soybeans, I know I didn't see the economics of the soybeans, but we'll have that shortly. The corn profitability obviously looks strong, and I would agree with you that people are gonna look strongly at corn. That being said, you know, all that I mean, if you use corn as the barometer, that just puts pressure on everything else, which again increases the costs of the commodity price on those other products or other crops as you put down acreage.
That's just kind of the feeding cycle that I think will help keep commodity prices up for some period of time. With regard to our products, I mean, our corn soil insecticide looks strong. We did see a fair amount of corn rootworm damage this year. If commodity prices, you know, stay at this high level, people are gonna wanna protect that corn. The investment and return on investment are strong. Yeah, I think we're poised well, certainly for this year. That being said, on soybeans, again, we are building our soybean crop input line as well, so that we, you know, look to benefit whichever way growers decide to go.
Got it. If I could just do one follow-up on the you know, sort of the intended acquisition, and the funnel you might have. Are we more likely to see something akin to, you know, a biologics acquisition, with those sorts of, I don't know if Green Solutions is the right terminology, but something along those lines? Or something where, you know, obviously, Corteva, for example, recently at their investor day in Iowa talked about, you know, rationalizing a bunch of products over time to, you know, to sharpen their portfolio. Would, you know, are those the kind of things you would look at that has certainly been in play in the past and. What's more likely and what would be the criteria for those different buckets of potential acquisitions?
Thank you.
Yeah. I'll let Bob elaborate, but I'll just say, you know, accretiveness as we're looking at deals and trying to figure out, you know, what are the best acquisition opportunities for us. I, you know, I'd like to say we're sometimes agnostic as to the product. We are searching for certain pieces to fill out our portfolio gaps, but we're not gonna pass an opportunity to add to existing strengths. As you mentioned, our bigger peers, they go through every three to five years and trim the sails and so that's part of what's driving this.
Bob, maybe some color on just in those 10, how does that break out as far as market access, Green Solutions, more traditional type chemistry? We've got kind of a blend, do we not?
It's fairly balanced, Chris and Eric. I think you know, we've got a couple small deals, medium-sized deals, and a couple of large deals. You know, we're trying to strengthen all three pillars of our strategy, whether it's core business with chemistry, Green Solutions. I would say it's probably more focused on those two. We're not looking for anything in the precision ag arena. As Eric said, you know, we're looking at being accretive for the shareholder, return on investment, EBITDA growth, and also earnings per share. You know, we rank them accordingly, and then we look at you know, the complexity, the execution. Acquisitions is all about integration and execution, and we do that extremely well.
That's how we prioritize.
Thanks for that, Bob. Maybe if I could just one last one. 'Cause you mentioned the I don't know if the partnership is the right word, but you know the financing package for SIMPAS via an alignment with John Deere Financial and I guess the bank-
Rabobank.
Rabobank. Curious though, because obviously John Deere with its equipment franchise and some focus on, you even mentioned one of their precision ag equipment. Is there anything to read into their interest in your SIMPAS other than or is this a completely autonomous, you know, arm for John Deere that's you know, not necessarily, you know, working with the equipment side of that business and looking at solutions in the precision ag world?
I think the word autonomous, the financing arm of John Deere is very autonomous to the equipment side. I mean, they do have also internal interactions as far as financing their own equipment, but the John Deere Financial works with all major companies. Growers are looking for financing options. This is an option. It's a competitive option for the SIMPAS line of product. But really, an alignment with John Deere is what, if that's what you're asking, it's way too early in the process. I think, you know, right now we're really focused in on getting as many systems into the hands of farmers. There's a lot of education there to do and, you know, we've seen excellent results.
You know, like Eric mentioned, we were slowed down one year, maybe even 18 months through the pandemic. You know, things are picking up very nicely for us. The results, the economic results for the growers are excellent.
Just on that, because I think it was this harvest that you're gonna have a bigger sample set, you're gonna be able to kind of share, quantify some of the yield benefit associated with SIMPAS and the return. I don't know if it's too early to share any of that. Thank you, guys.
Yeah, it is early. I mean, generally we look at kinda the latter part of November into December before we start with yield results. It kind of depends on, you know, when we do studies, how fast researchers. Sometimes that goes into January before we get the reports. Yeah, we'll be sharing that as it becomes available.
Thank you.
Thank you. As a reminder, you may press star one to ask a question. Thank you. At this time, I'll turn the floor back to management for closing remarks.
Okay. Well, again, I thank all of you for listening in on the call. Great questions from the three of you. Thank you very much. We look forward to reporting our Q4 results and at the next call, we'll give kind of our outlooks with some targets for 2023. With that, thank you very much, and again, appreciate your time. Bye.
This will conclude today's conference. You may disconnect your lines at this time. Thank you for your participation.