At this time, I would like to welcome everyone to the Barings BDC, Inc. conference call for the quarter and year ended December 31st, 2019. All participants are in a listen-only mode. A question- and- answer session will follow the company's formal remarks. If anyone should require operator assistance during the conference, please press star zero on your telephone keypad. Today's call is being recorded, and a replay will be available approximately two hours after the conclusion of the call on the company's website at www.baringsbdc.com under the investor relations section. Please note that this call may contain forward-looking statements that include statements regarding the company's goals, beliefs, strategies, future operating results, and cash flows. Although the company believes these statements are reasonable, actual results could differ materially from those projected in forward-looking statements.
These statements are based on various underlying assumptions and are subject to numerous uncertainties and risks, including those disclosed under the sections titled Risk Factors and Forward-Looking Statements in the company's annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31st, 2019, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Barings BDC undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements unless required by law. At this time, I'll return the call over to Eric Lloyd, Chief Executive Officer for Barings BDC.
Thank you, operator. Good morning, everyone. We appreciate everyone joining us for today's call. Please note that throughout this call, we'll be referring to our fourth quarter 2019 earnings presentation that is posted on the investor relations section of our website. On the call today, I'm joined by Barings BDC's President and Co-head of Global Private Finance, Ian Fowler, Tom McDonnell, Managing Director and Portfolio Manager in our Global High Yield Group, BDC's Chief Financial Officer, Jonathan Bock. Ian and John will review our fourth quarter results and provide a market update in a few minutes. I'll begin today's call with some high-level comments about the quarter. Please turn to slide 5 of the presentation, where you can see our fourth quarter highlights.
Overall results were consistent with the third quarter as we increased proprietary asset exposure and remained active in reducing our broadly syndicated loans.
As I've mentioned on prior calls, our investment ramp is both steady and deliberate. Since August of 2018, we've invested approximately $660 million in middle market investments, averaging $110 million per quarter, with new middle market investments totaling $165 million in the fourth quarter of 2019. We matched those fourth-quarter originations with a healthy $169 million of net broadly syndicated loan sales and repayments, bringing our total BSL exposure to below 50% of the portfolio at December 31st. As we look at 2020, we remain on track with a steady, deliberate transition, expecting to average $100 million of proprietary originations per quarter in normalized markets to drive us towards our 8% yield expectation. For the quarter, NAV per share was $11.66, increased primarily by appreciation of our broadly syndicated loan portfolio.
While our net investment income was $0.15 per share, driven by sales of broadly syndicated loans, late quarter middle market loan fundings, and lower LIBOR. We continue to have no loans on non-accrual, and the overall credit performance of our portfolio remains strong. Our middle market debt portfolio was valued at 99.9% of cost at December 31st, and our broadly syndicated loan portfolio was valued at 96.5% of cost. The BSL portfolio appreciation was widespread, with 80% of our positions increasing in value during the quarter. We did recognize $2.9 million of net realized losses on select sales within our broadly syndicated loan portfolio during the quarter. As we continue to analyze this portfolio and the market, we will exit a BSL position at a loss if we believe we can realize a higher risk-adjusted return on the capital by reinvesting it in another position.
On slide 6, we summarize some additional financial highlights for the last five quarters. Ian will discuss market conditions in more detail, but I will say that our investment pace is always measured against the market opportunity set. The direct lending environment today requires significant investment discipline, a wide frame of reference, and a high degree of shareholder alignment to be successful. Barings, as a $338 billion investment manager, has a wide investment funnel across global markets and multiple asset classes. Additionally, our unique ownership by MassMutual and commitment to investor alignment led us to create a market-leading fee structure with a high investment hurdle, low base management fee, and no upfront fees .
The fee structure gives us more flexibility to generate attractive risk-adjusted returns to investors, while at the same time focusing on high-quality, true first lien, senior secured investments.
Before turning the call over to Ian, I will continue with this point of alignment and provide an update on our share repurchase program. Please turn to slide 7. As a reminder, the share repurchase program we announced for 2019 aimed to repurchase up to 2.5% of the outstanding shares when Barings BDC stock traded at prices below NAV and repurchase up to 5% of the outstanding shares in the event the stock traded at prices below 0.9 of NAV. Based on our trading levels, the target amount for our 2019 repurchases was 4.5% of outstanding shares. We reached that target, generating $0.07 per share of NAV appreciation for the year.
I am also happy to announce that our board has approved a share repurchase program for 2020, authorizing the company to repurchase up to a maximum of 5% of the outstanding shares during the year if shares trade below NAV, subject to liquidity and regulatory constraints. With that, I'll ask Ian to provide an update on our investment portfolio and trends we are seeing in the middle market.
Thanks, Eric, good morning, everyone. Jumping to slide 9, you can see a summary of our investment activity for the fourth quarter. New middle market investments totaled $165 million, with sales repayments of $28 million. As you can see from the trend over the last six quarters, we have maintained our expected $100 million quarterly middle market loan origination pace, funded by BSL sales and borrowings under our credit facility. New investments included 15 new platforms and eight follow-on investments. Five of these investments were European platforms, we expect to continue ramping in Europe as we see very favorable terms in that market and believe it is an excellent way to diversify the BDC's portfolio. On slide 10, you can see that at the end of 2019, we were invested in roughly $606 million of private middle market loans and equity, which included $49 million of unfunded commitments.
Liquid broadly syndicated loans were down to $510 million, which, as Eric mentioned, makes this the first quarter where our directly originated portfolio exceeded our BSL portfolio. Our portfolio is high quality, with 97.6% senior secured first-lien assets. The weighted average senior leverage for the total portfolio remained consistent with last quarter at 4.9 x. Focusing on the middle market portfolio statistics, as of year-end, our $557 million funded middle market portfolio was spread across 53 portfolio companies, as compared to $422 million across 38 portfolio companies at the end of the third quarter.
Underlying portfolio company fundamentals remained strong, with weighted average senior leverage of 4.7 times and weighted average interest coverage of 2.7 x. Of the 53 middle market investments, 51 were first-lien investments and two were selectively chosen second-lien term loans comprising less than 1.5% of the portfolio.
Average spreads were up this quarter from 519 basis points at September 30th to 528 basis points at December 31st. Despite the increase in spreads, overall yields remained flat at 7.2%, primarily as a result of lower LIBOR. The substantial portion of the spread increase was due to higher spreads associated with the five new European investments. As we have said before, our focus continues to be on credit spreads as that is ultimately our compensation for risk. Our middle market portfolio remains well-diversified as the 53 investments are spread across 17 industries with no single investment exceeding 2.3% of the total portfolio. Turning to our BSL portfolio, the weighted average spread was 349 basis points and a yield at fair value of 5.6% at December 31st.
Consistent with the middle market portfolio, while the spread was up 329 basis points at the end of the quarter, the yield remained flat at 5.6% due to lower LIBOR. As Eric mentioned, as part of our liquid exposure, we did recognize $2.9 million of losses on the sales of a selection of BSLs and the subsequent reinvestment of that capital, including $1.5 million related to the sale of a portion of our position in Mallinckrodt, which we believe better positions the portfolio for appreciation going forward. Our top 10 investments are shown on slide 11 and reflect another aspect of the overall diversity of our portfolio as the top 10 positions represent only 20% of the overall portfolio. Turning to slide 13 of the presentation, here you will see two graphs showing direct lending volumes and spread differentials between unitranche and traditional first-lien, second-lien structures.
The first key takeaway here is that while bank-led syndicated middle market loan volume was down in the fourth quarter, it was one of the best quarters since 2014 for the direct lending market. Sponsors focused on direct lending execution to reduce risk caused by volatility in the first-lien, second-lien market, with a particular focus on unitranche transactions in the fourth quarter. This shift stands out if you look at the graph on slide 14, which shows unitranche volume by quarter, with the fourth quarter hitting all-time highs for both middle market and large corporate deals. With a shift in the focus of capital-heavy managers to large mega unitranche executions, we've seen a positive dynamic in the middle of the middle market for transactions that allow us to be selective with better access to deals across the spectrum within our target market.
Our fee structure does not force us into chasing return with higher risk, and our focus as a principal investor is to select the best risk-adjusted return. On slide 15, you can see that as unitranche volumes have increased, spreads have fallen, reaching historic lows at the end of 2019. While this graph does not break out the spreads based on company size, the unitranche spread compression is clearly more impactful for higher EBITDA companies. Spreads for other structures generally increased during the fourth quarter, highlighting the importance of focusing on each individual issuer and structure when pricing risk. Looking ahead, we continue to remain highly selective, keeping a tight focus on our core sponsors and markets across the U.S. and Europe.
This investment frame of reference allows us to continue the pace of our shift from BSL to middle market and proprietary assets without an overemphasis on one product, obligor or geography. In this market, we cannot stress enough the value of choice. With a large investment funnel across high-quality obligors, disparate asset classes, and niche geographies, we continue to be deliberate and focused on deploying capital to achieve strong risk-adjusted returns. I'll now turn the call over to John to provide more color on the fourth quarter results.
Thanks, Ian. Good morning, everyone. On slide 17, you can see the bridge of the company's net asset value per share from September 30th to December 31st, 2019. As Eric pointed out, our NAV was up by $0.08 this quarter to $11.66 per share. This increase was primarily due to net unrealized appreciation of $0.13, partially offset by $0.06 of net realized losses, both of which were primarily attributable to activity in the BSL portfolio. Our net investment income for the quarter matched the dividend, and our share repurchase program resulted in $0.01 accretion. As previously stated, our board approved a program for 2020 to purchase up to 5% of our outstanding shares, demonstrating our long-term alignment with our shareholders. Additionally, buying our shares below net asset value is accretive to all shareholders and demonstrates our belief in our own underwriting.
Slides 18 and 19 show our income statement and balance sheets for the last five quarters. I'd like to highlight a few items here. First, our total investment income decreased approximately $900,000 compared to the third quarter. Lower LIBOR and the timing of our continued portfolio transitions led to lower interest income. One-time fees also declined as we had no middle market investment repayments in the fourth quarter. Second, on the expense side, lower LIBOR helped total interest expense decrease by $226,000 quarter-over-quarter, despite slightly higher total borrowings. While our base management fee was virtually unchanged for the quarter, G&A expenses were up by approximately $115,000. While it's not shown separately on slide 18, you'll see on the income statement in our Form 10-K that the net realized and unrealized losses on foreign currency transactions totaled approximately $1 million for 2019.
These foreign currency transactions relate only to our foreign currency borrowing and hedging transactions. While not reported separately, please be aware that the net realized and unrealized gains on investments include approximately $1 million related to foreign currency appreciation for those investments. To sum it, the net impact of foreign currency fluctuations was effectively zero or neutral for 2019, which we would expect given our hedging programs in place, including borrowing foreign currencies to fund foreign currency investments. You can see on slide 19 our balance sheet trends. Now excluding our short-term investments, total investments at fair value were down approximately $30 million compared to the third quarter due to the rotation out of our BSL portfolio.
As can often happen at the end of the quarter, our cash and short-term investment balances at year-end were transitory and primarily a result of quarterly BSL sales where we were taking advantage of favorable market conditions. A portion of these proceeds was used to partially repay our BSL credit facility in January. During the fourth quarter, we lowered the commitment on this BSL facility from $177 to $150 million and further lowered it to $80 million subsequent to quarter end to rightsize the facility relative to our remaining BSL portfolio. Last week, we also extended the maturity of that BSL facility by one year to August of 2021, and also during the fourth quarter, $22 million of the CLO Class A-1 notes were repaid, bringing the total CLO debt principal down to $318 million at year-end.
Details on each of these borrowings are shown on slide 20. Our leverage as of December 31st, 2019, was 1.17 x or 0.9 x after you adjust to cash and short-term investments as well as the net unsettled transactions. Slide 21 updates our paid and announced dividends since Barings took over as the advisor to the BDC. We announced yesterday that our first quarter 2020 dividend of $0.16 a share will be paid on March 18th of 2020. This marks our sixth consecutive increase and aligns our dividend with the earnings power of the portfolio. As you think earnings trajectory in 2020, remember that when we closed the transaction in August of 2018 to become the external manager to the BDC, we implemented a fee structure that steps up to 1.375% in 2020 from 1.125% in 2019 and 1% at the onset.
We are now more than halfway through the ramp to our directly originated portfolio. At year-end, only about $150 million of the remaining $510 million BSL portfolio was held outside of our static CLO. Our portfolio ramps continued in 2020. Slide 23 summarizes our new investment activity since the start of the new year. Since January one, we've made approximately $108 million of new middle-market private debt commitments, of which $73 million have already closed and funded, as well as fundings of approximately $5 million for previously committed delayed draw term loans. Consistent with our investment tenets, these investments were primarily first-lien floating rate loans with an average three-year discount margin of 6.2% and were split roughly two-thirds U.S., one-third in Europe.
Moving to slide 24, the current Barings Global Private Finance investment pipeline is approximately $609 million on a probability-weighted basis and is predominantly first lien secured across a variety of diversified industries. As a reminder, this pipeline's estimated based on our expected closing rates for all deals in our investment pipeline. I'd like to provide an update on our joint venture with the State of South Carolina Retirement System. As mentioned on prior calls, this vehicle allows us to leverage the broader Barings platform and increases the investment diversity within the BDC. As we ramp the vehicle, it will drive shareholder returns through the effective use of our non-qualified asset bucket by investing in a wide variety of liquid and illiquid assets across multiple geographies.
At year-end, the BDC's investment remained $10 million as we continued to ramp the JV portfolio using its subscription leverage facility.
Of that portfolio was about 94% first lien senior secured assets with roughly 70% of the portfolio invested in the U.S. and 30% in Europe. Liquid assets made up the bulk of the portfolio at 80%, while the remaining balance of illiquid assets being 46% Europe middle market loans and 37% U.S. middle market loans, as well as 17% in private asset-backed securities. We expect the joint venture's wide investment frame of reference will drive uncorrelated returns over time, and we continue to evaluate opportunities in areas such as European credit, structured credit, and make investments in these areas when they have attractive risk-adjusted return profiles. With that operator, we'd like to open up the line for questions.
Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, we will now be conducting the question and answer session. If you would like to ask a question, please press star one on your telephone keypad. The confirmation tone will indicate that your line is in the question queue. You may press star two if you would like to remove your question from the queue. For participants using speaker equipment, it may be necessary to pick up your handset before pressing the star keys. One moment please, while we hold for questions. Thank you. Our first question comes from the line of Finian O'Shea with Wells Fargo. Please proceed with your question.
Hi, good morning. Thanks for having me on. First I'll ask Eric on the earnings ramp. You opened up talking about this being on pace, and that outlook should continue. On the earnings sense, obviously since you took over here, LIBOR's moved against you and you probably have a more cautious outlook today at this point in terms of taking on risk. How would you describe to us your position to ramp and grow earnings over 2020 given today's real-time market environment?
Got it. You're right, Fin. Obviously LIBOR's moved against us, which has made it challenging. Kind of philosophically is how I'll address it and then kind of get more specific. From kind of day one I've said to shareholders that we're not going to reverse solve for what assets we need to generate in order to hit a certain targeted ROE. That just, I think, leads people to chasing risk in order to generate a certain return. We come at it the other way, which is we're going to do what risk we think is a prudent risk-adjusted return for a given asset. Look at that at an asset level. As we sit here today, right, with our pre-modeled spreads, the ROE would be more challenging than it would've been 18 months ago.
I balance that with one of the benefits of the entire Barings platform, which is something that in these kind of markets really can benefit shareholders, right? Tom's here with me. We have a really large liquid investment platform that is able to capitalize on market volatility and technicals in the market. You combine that with a very strong special situations group that has proprietary asset flow that can find really attractive yields for assets and come into the portfolio. A third leg of that could be our structured credit business, right? In these type of markets, when we see loans sell off materially, you could see certain triple B tranches of CLOs really trade off materially, in some cases even more so with those technicals that can drive attractive returns.
I balance all that out to say that our only source of opportunity isn't just the middle market direct lending. It's really the power of the $330 billion platform that we have. As we sit here today, and John referenced the pipeline and Ian mentioned the market. Obviously a lot of people are putting a lot of transactions on hold, right? People are unsure of what the economy's going to look like or a whole host of things, right? There's just a lot of unknowns right now. Is it a more challenging environment? Most likely over the course of the next month or two or however period of time for direct originations? Yeah. It's likely to be a more challenging period of time than it has been in the past. I don't believe that means that there's not opportunities for us on our platform to invest.
I can't tell you exactly what that means as far as what that ROE earnings will be. I think, frankly, these times of volatility, frankly, can really play in the favor of someone like our platform.
I appreciate that color and your willingness to go across to platform more liquid businesses and take advantage. With that, I'll ask a follow on for Ian. You gave some context on European assets improving your spreads. Can you give us color on what sort of like for like risk premium you get on a, say, apples to apples European versus U.S. deal today?
Yeah, sure. Good morning. A couple things. First of all, as I mentioned, it's important just in terms of diversification, accessing that market from a portfolio construction perspective. There's that benefit. If you actually look at the assets themselves, basically in the European market, it's the deals that we do in that market, the deals that are done in that market are maybe a quarter of a turn to maybe half a turn deeper in terms of senior leverage with no leverage behind it. It's one tranche with higher spreads and higher OIDs. The OIDs in the European deals are about 100 basis points more on average than our North American deals.
If you just think about the velocity that's occurring in the market, whether it's here or overseas, in terms of the average duration of these loans compressing from three and a half to four years on average to two to three years on average now. Getting that pickup in OID actually creates a return lift.
Oh, sure. Appreciate that, and thanks for taking my questions.
Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Kyle Joseph with Jefferies. Please proceed with your question.
Hey, good morning, guys. Thanks for taking my questions. Wanted to commend you on the ongoing share repurchase activity. I'd like to start out just on yield dynamics in the quarter. Reported yields appeared pretty stable. I know you mentioned there was potentially some back waiting in terms of the middle market originations. Can you give us a sense for that? Any color there, like 75% of the deals were completed in December or something like that, just to give us a sense for yield dynamics in the quarter?
Yeah, sure. This is Jonathan Bock, Kyle Joseph. Number one, you see the over $180 million in BSL sales. There's a two-part equation, right? We were reducing BSLs consistently throughout the quarter, heavy amounts early, and let's say roughly two-thirds of our deals closed near the end of December, right? You start to find that double whammy on both sides led to the timing difference as well as what pressured earnings. For us, I'd say that that's probably good round numbers to look at for the fourth quarter.
That's very helpful. Oh, sorry. I was going to say on my next question, as we think about the forward curve, as we think about your balance of BSLs versus middle market loans, just from a modeling perspective, how are you guys thinking about consolidated yields going forward? I guess it might be helpful to talk about this sort of ex-coronavirus impact.
The unknown, right? Again, I think Ian mentioned it. What we really focus on is credit spread and upfront fees, and basically the combination of those two things. Obviously, we don't think the winning model is to play the interest rate game and kind of take a guess or a speculation on what those interest rates are. If you look at our blended spreads from Q3 to Q4, that blended spread increased from 4.02 at the end of Q3 to 4.43 at the end of Q4. We can control that. What we can't control is what's going to happen in LIBOR or other situations like that. We have to look at, again, back to the volatility question, what opportunities does that provide?
We also know that we have a target ROE that we want to generate for shareholders, of which we're the single largest one by a large margin. We want to generate that for ourselves, too. That's where I think the comments I made earlier to Finn's question around the platform and the other places that we can find attractive yields that can complement and help offset some of the pressure on earnings and return that LIBOR creates.
That's very helpful. Appreciate the time and answering my questions. Thanks, guys.
Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Robert Dodd with Raymond James. Please proceed with your question.
Hi, guys. I've got a couple. First, yeah, congratulations on extending the repurchase plan. I think that's good for shareholders, of which, as you know, you're the biggest one. On coronavirus, it's early days, or COVID-19 or whatever I'm supposed to call it. It's early days, obviously, right now. Can you give us any color on potential portfolio impacts? Obviously, you don't lend directly to Chinese companies. It's expanding from China. If I look at three of your top 10 industries, for example, three of your top 10 investments are transportation cargo. I presume those aren't container ships plying the China-U.S. route. Any color you can give us on the sensitivity to the supply chain, the indirect impacts, et cetera?
Hey, Robert, it's Eric. I'm going to take a crack at this at first, then I'll turn it over to Ian and see if Tom has any comments also. I'm going to take a kind of step back first, and I know this is probably the third time I'm now going to reference the platform and the benefit of it. We have an investment office in Shanghai. We have an investment office in Seoul. We have a large investment office also in Hong Kong. Our access and knowledge in those Asia Pacific markets is materially different, I believe, than a number of other managers who have a very domestic-centric focus. The only information they're getting is through potentially portfolio companies which are maybe getting it second or thirdhand from somebody else. Again, I think our firm knowledge is one that I think brings to bear.
What does that mean as far as specifics? We look at it across the liquid and the illiquid asset classes, because the impacts could be the same in some cases. They also could be different in some cases, right? It's more typical that our larger companies, a company with $500 million, $600 million, $700 million of EBITDA, it's going to have a more global type of revenue source, as well as potentially a more global type of supplier source. You balance that with our middle market companies are more typically to have a U.S.-centric revenue source and potentially a more limited supplier source. They also have less resources to adjust towards potential challenges. What have we been focusing on? You hit it on supply chain. It really is how far up the supply chain can we go to get information?
I don't want to go down the path of sharing what our teams in China and the like have communicated to us, because I think that's information that we need to keep within the Barings family. I can tell you that we're all over it, and what we haven't done is speculate as to what exactly it's going to mean for a given company. You hit the logistics types companies, right? Obviously, goods moving around the world is going too slow, and so there is going to be an impact. We just don't know what that is today. I'll come back to the last point on diversification. I believe our largest position in the portfolio is about 2.3% or so, right? From day one, I made the representation that we were going to run a highly diversified portfolio at the expense of ramping faster, right?
We could have put larger holds into the BDC, ramped more middle market assets. That would've helped ROE.
We would've woken up with a position that was 5% or 6% or 7%, and that's inconsistent with how we believe portfolio construction should be done. You know, do you have anything to add?
Yeah. Robert, I think Eric hit on all the key points, and obviously the situation is fluid and expanding. We had our team do a review of the portfolio a month ago with companies that had any exposure to any supply chain coming from China. Some of this gets back to just good underwriting because, if you have any company out there that is locked into one source of manufacturing or one source of supplier without diversification, that's just not a really good credit. I know of one company in the market, not in our portfolio, that went to market, and as they went to market, 100% of their manufacturing's in Wuhan. Obviously that deal was cold. We don't have any companies in our portfolio with material direct exposure to China.
We're in touch with the management teams in terms of our portfolio companies to make sure that they have plans in place to the extent that they have any exposure to coronavirus issues. Again, I come back to portfolio construction that Eric mentioned and good underwriting. We had a deal in our investment committee the other day. It's a commercial cleaning business, 100% of its revenues, U.S. domestic. You need to look at do they have a concentration in L.A., because God forbid something happens in L.A., and that market shuts down and everyone goes home. It just comes back to diversification within the portfolio and within the companies.
Yeah. I'll chime in. This is Tom. I'll chime in from the high yield side. We're seeing now yesterday really the first cracks in our market with real selling. I think it was very orderly for the first couple of days of the week. Now we're starting to see a little bit more of a sell-off in loans on the high yield side. What we're doing is evaluating. Clearly there's a kind of a first order impact I'll call it with travel companies, airlines, gaming companies, things like that immediately are backing up in price. The second order impact, which we're trying to evaluate, which is sort of the supply chain and then concentration to customers in China. As you know, the broadly syndicated market is more of a worldwide market. We're going through all that now.
What we're doing as a team in our sectors are just going through names that we've clearly identified that may have an impact, right? Identifying where do they sit from a liquidity perspective, where is leverage, what kind of sponsor support might be there if this thing turns into more of a prolonged kind of situation where they see massive disruption in revenues and cash flow.
The last thing I would say is if you're going to have disruption from the middle market perspective, it's better to have it in the slow part of the year, first two quarters than the last half of the year, which is where we pick up most of our volume.
I appreciate that, Color. Really helpful. Kind of then flows into the next question. You talked about the platform and the potential to take advantage of some market disconnects within the liquid side or special situations or things like that. I know you're not generally in the business of market timing, but obviously there is a disconnect going on now. At what point. Those other avenues are not something you've really exploited within the BDC yet. At what time is it appropriate to do that given there's the old catching a falling knife thing, and we don't know where all this stops or how bad coronavirus gets?
Yeah, Robert. This is Tom. I'll weigh in on that because we're kind of actually going through that right now. We've got a targeted list of names. We watch bids fall away for some of these names that might not even necessarily be impacted by this situation, right? You've got outflows now occurring out of mutual funds and ETFs, potential forced selling of names. Right now, it's not really broad across all sort of ratings categories. We're looking at that first. We've got a number of names that are on our target list that we have target prices for. As the bids back up on those, and we see the conditions become favorable for those kind of purchases, we're in the process of actually doing that right now.
Robert, this is Bock. On slide 15, just to take a look, this is one illustrative example. What we outlined there is spreads that occur in the middle markets. Those are produced by Refinitiv as well as overlay the Credit Suisse Leveraged Loan Index, so single B. One item that's really important, I know you've heard Eric, and he had mentioned it, is we are a principal investor first. When you think about how we're owned, right, and where loans effectively go, we always have a view that one, we should never take liquid term and liquid price and put it in an illiquid wrapper. Because at that point, you've lost the true value of illiquidity. If you look in the fourth quarter of 2018, you can see when yields gapped out in the liquid market. Oftentimes, the middle market doesn't move.
You start to have to ask yourself a question as to which is better from a relative risk, a relative value perspective. That's very important because right now, if all you are is monochromatic in your focus, and all you see is black and white of direct lending, this is a world of technicolor, and it requires a very wide frame so that you can not only price your middle market loan appropriately, but then look to Tom or other areas of the platform that can generate good risk-adjusted return.
I'm just going to wrap it up with, I agree with everything Tom and John said. All I can tell you is we won't get it perfect, right? We're going to look at an opportunity, and if we think the right entry point is 75 or 80, and that's a really attractive place to invest in that, we're going to do that. If that means the next trade down is five points, that's life. We can't control that. Where we can control is where we enter it, and the risk return we think is attractive at that time. The technicals will be what they are.
Got it. I appreciate that, Ian. One more if I can on the unitranche versus first lien, second lien kind of synthetic blend. Obviously, the unitranche has gotten competitive, shall we say, to a degree that there may not be a total return premium which is arguable in the first place. When you look at your portfolio, obviously you've been more on the kind of the traditional first lien. Is anything changing, ignoring the COVID stuff and everything else right now? Anything changing in terms of your appetite to do first lien versus second lien versus unitranche, given there's been those pretty big dynamic shifts in effective spreads, et cetera, in the fourth quarter?
Yeah. Great question, Robert. Just a couple things. One, the key is when you think about portfolio construction, it's to really focus in on the credit metrics that we've laid out. When we build that portfolio, we're trying to get to around a 4.5x average weighted spread in the portfolio. That will include some deals that are deeper in the capital structure. It'll include other deals that are not as deep in the capital structure. It all boils down to the opportunity that you're looking at and making sure that you're getting paid for the risks. I think what we're really trying to avoid here, and to kind of use this one-dimensional theme even within the middle market, is making sure that we're getting a price for the risk that we're taking.
To the extent we see an opportunity, and the example I think I've used in the past is a software deal that's 20x enterprise value and someone's out there with a 7x unitranche. We want to bifurcate that risk because 7x is not senior debt risk. We want to bifurcate it into a first lien, second lien, and then we'll pick which side is more attractive. We'll look at both sides of that equation. That's where we differentiate as a capital solution provider as opposed to someone that's forced based on their fee structure and their return on need to go out and just push unitranche. The problem that you're seeing in this market right now is everyone's forced in that type of structure. They're competing on price.
When you see unitranche that used to carry a premium over traditional first lien, second lien completely erode that premium and is even now being priced less than that. You know, at the end of the day what's really being given up is you're not getting paid for that implied junior capital risk.
Got it. I appreciate it. Thanks a lot, guys.
Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Casey Alexander with Compass Point. Please proceed with your question.
Hi. I have three quick questions. One, the European loans that you've been originating and put on balance sheet this quarter, should we expect to see some or all of those matriculate into the JV after they've spent a quarter on the balance sheet? Casey, great question. This is Bock. The answer is no, not all. What we're doing is there is an important part where we're trying to manage to the 30% bucket test. You could probably see, say some, say greater than 50%, but not all effectively being transferred. Our goal is to make sure that, one, we want exposure, right? We can get exposure to these asset classes two ways. Through our equity investment in the JV, as well as having some given right now we have ample capacity in the 30% bucket, owning some on the BDC balance sheet as well.
It's also being smart to pace the growth of the bad asset bucket to make sure that it's in line, but still delivering that return. Expect the transitions down, but do not expect full sales.
Okay, great. Thank you. Secondly, while the top side limit of the share repurchase program continues to be 5%, it looks like some of the technical language has changed. Could you explain, has the share repurchase program become more tactical? In what way is the share repurchase program changing?
Sure. Well, number one, I think if you remember last year where we had outlined very programmatic means to repurchase the shares, where we would purchase 2.5% of the shares above NAV, 5% of the shares below NAV. We looked at it on a daily basis in terms of where the stock price traded to determine that number. Number one, when we established that program, our commitment to you was to outline we're going to do what we say we're going to do. Right? There's oftentimes situations where folks are happy to announce share buybacks but not execute them. We would expect a similar level and similar focus in 2020 as we did in 2019.
Once you start to see the geopolitical effects that are occurring, as well as the potential for volatility in the markets, it is really important to make sure that we have free range to make sure that we are going to maximize the ability to repurchase those shares at the right price for you, having understood that we do what we say we are going to do, which we demonstrated in 2019. There is a little bit of tact to it, but our underlying philosophical view of finding investment opportunities in our assets as well as our own shares has not changed.
All right, great. Thanks for that. Last question. I guess this is kind of the $1 million question is, we're clearly seeing some unsettlement in the markets, and if spreads start really blowing out, and obviously it looks like cost of liabilities may even be decreasing more. Would you be willing to, considering the fact that those spreads are widening in the broadly syndicated loan market also, lever up a little bit higher to take advantage of spreads blowing out while the cost of liabilities is low?
Yep. Casey, I think that's exactly the way we think about managing frankly, our business. I'm going to take a step back. Fourth quarter, Tom and team, as they saw the technicals in the broadly syndicated loan market be attractive, they sold reasonably aggressively into those attractive bids. That's really benefited us as we sit here right now at sub one-to-one leverage. Right? Which is lower than what we've said we might target or go to in that. It gives us, let's just call it a quarter turn or so of flexibility that we could capitalize on these technicals without having to sell anything, which would benefit shareholders. I want to make sure we're really clear that we have no intention to just aggressively increase leverage into this kind of technical dynamic, right?
I think the optionality of having that leverage, the optionality of the cushions we have, the optionality of the diversification that we have on our liability structure are all positives. I think it creates the flexibility to do that when the time is right.
All right, great. Thank you very much. That's all my questions.
Thank you. Our next question comes from Robert Brock with West Family Investments. Please proceed with your question.
Good morning, and thanks for taking my question. Could you talk a little bit about two things? One, LIBOR floors, and is there any pressure to remove them at all, and how low have they gone? Secondly, could you talk a little bit about whether the coronavirus, if you've seen any signs affecting your businesses, particularly in those in Europe? Third, maybe just generally, you talked about your spreads. Could you just talk about a little bit how they evolved over the fourth quarter? I know you gave a number for the three months, but just which direction spreads are going. Thank you very much.
Robert, it's Ian Fowler. I'll cover the first two and let others jump in. In terms of the European assets that we went through the same exercise there that we went through with our North American portfolio. There are no material issues with any of those portfolio companies. Like I said earlier, this is a fluid and from a geographic standpoint, expanding situation. It's dynamic. We're looking at the portfolio on a constant basis, and we're in touch with management teams in the portfolio to make sure that they have plans in place if they're directly impacted. In terms of the LIBOR floors, majority of our companies do have a 1% floor in the portfolio. I think where you start to lose that floor is when you move up market, and it's one of the reasons why we stay in the middle of the middle market.
I'll just highlight because we haven't spent that much time talking about our European business. Roll back to when we closed on the transaction in August of 2018. We said to you at that time, there are certain industries that we don't like to invest in. Retail, restaurants, oil and gas, certain airline type of companies and the like. Right? That's consistent in our European business, too. These companies that are in there are high free cash flow type of business. They are not restaurants, retail, gathering places for individuals. The consistent credit mindset that we have in the U.S. is applied to our European business also.
Finally, Robert, in answer to your question on spread. We continue to see spread both stable to slightly increasing. The way we outline slightly increasing is given the mix shift with, as Ian outlined, the focus on Europe. When you start to see the ability to deploy at attractive risk-adjusted returns there, strong OIDs and strong DMs, you end up finding that really the overall portfolio mix moves higher, as Eric outlined, moving from 402 to 443 basis points over LIBOR. Also on new investment deployments, given Europe's a part of that transaction dynamic, we're seeing roughly 525 and higher. We've been very fortunate to see spreads stable to increasing even while LIBOR is declining.
I just want to wrap up on the spread point because I don't want someone to sit here and say, "Well, next quarter it's going to go from 443 to 460." It's going to be what makes the most sense for the risk-adjusted return opportunity in the market. Back to where I started, which is we're not going to reverse solve for an asset flow that fits a certain return profile, because I think that can just lead you to chasing risk rather than having the discipline, what makes the most sense. I think we're going to continue in this environment. We'll see some spread widening potentially.
If we sell a certain amount of assets into the JV, the European assets that have a little higher spread, and the US flow is not as strong, and we don't see the opportunities that I referenced earlier in more discounted, broadly syndicated loans or special situations, it may be that that 443 number is 440. It may be it's 460. I don't know what it'll be. As we've highlighted this, I don't want people to model in a 40 basis point increase into the next quarter because that's not how we run our business. Any other questions? Okay. With that, just wanted to say thank you again. Thank you for your support and trust in us in 2019. As we sit here going into 2020, know that we're being good stewards of your capital and know all these questions around coronavirus and other things.
We're all over that from a platform perspective of really making sure we're managing the portfolio prudently. I think back to comments I've made a couple of times. It really starts with underwriting, as Ian said, and then it really starts with diversification and prudent portfolio construction. I know at times that can be frustrating as far as this pace of the ramp, but I think the flexibility that we've generated by running right now at less than one-to-one leverage by having the single largest asset be 2.3% of our portfolio really puts us in a good position for whatever the situation might be. I can't promise what the outcomes will be, but I believe we enter that in a strong position. Thank you for all your support.
Ladies and gentlemen, this does conclude today's event. We thank you for your participation, and you may disconnect your lines at this time.