We good? All right. Good afternoon, everyone. Welcome to the UBS Global Consumer Retail Conference here in New York City. My name is Peter Grom. I'm the UBS Consumer Staples Analyst here out of the U.S., and we are very excited to have joining us this afternoon John Faucher, Executive Vice President, Head of M&A, and Chief Investor Relations Officer from Colgate-Palmolive. Over the last few years, Colgate has implemented several strategic initiatives that have improved financial delivery with organic revenue growth in line or above the company's long-term algorithm for 24 straight quarters, despite what's been a very volatile, I guess, dynamic environment, if you will.
Just in terms of format for this afternoon, I have a ton of questions that I plan to run through with John, but if you have any questions that you want to ask me to ask on your behalf, I think you guys have instructions on how to input them. They will pop up here on this nice little iPad for me, so I would be more than happy to ask any questions on your behalf. Before we start, I am required to read a legal disclaimer. As a research analyst, I'm required to provide certain disclosures relating to the nature of my own relationship and that of UBS with any company on which I express a view on this call today. These disclosures are available at www.ubs.com/disclosures. Alternatively, please reach out to me, and I can provide them to you after the call.
With that, why don't we get started? John, thanks so much for coming.
Thanks for having me, Peter.
Look, it's been well documented, and I think the performance and financial delivery more or less speaks for itself. I think you probably could spend the whole 45 minutes talking about this, but I think it will be nine, what, nine years at Colgate this spring. Maybe just to set the stage, I think it would be most helpful to get a sense from your perspective what have been the most important changes during that timeframe that really have allowed or put Colgate on this better path.
Sure. I think the key thing is over the last six or seven years, because it really sort of led into when Noel Wallace became CEO back in 2019, we really had to think about growth differently. Growth was incredibly hard to come by back in sort of the 2010s, and our approach to growth really was not working. We were overly reliant on emerging markets pricing, and we needed to go back and say, how are we Colgate going to go in and drive growth in our categories, which is the best way to drive growth? Not think about, okay, the categories are growing X and we will take a little bit of market share, but more how do we drive the growth ourselves?
We talked about what we called the growth mindset from that standpoint, and that was really about understanding how our business was structured and how we needed to go to consumers differently to drive that growth. We talked about core, right? Driving innovation in the core. Pretty much every consumer products company, particularly the mega-cap ones like Colgate-Palmolive, we have big brands which are the foundation of the company, but they can become leaky. As we looked at this, what we basically said was, okay, we need to solidify those core businesses, drive innovation, drive higher pricing. We have done that. The second piece was what we called faster growth adjacencies. We leaned into segments of our categories where we knew we were under-indexed from a market share standpoint, but where we could drive additional growth.
You think about whitening, for example, in toothpaste, or you think about some of the conditions for Prescription Diet. Maybe it is a derm condition in Prescription Diet for Hill's where we can drive incremental market share. The third piece on this was faster growth channels and markets. At that point, we were under-indexed in channels like e-commerce, club, discounters. We have made a specific effort to improve our market share in those channels. That also led to some geographic expansion on some of our brands. For example, taking a brand like Elmex, which was a high-end European therapeutic brand, bringing it to Brazil in pharmacies, or reinventing Colgate as an e-commerce brand in China. What really happened was we were able to think about growth differently, be much more proactive in terms of how we were driving growth.
What that has done is allowed us to bring volume back into the business. The premiumization strategy, along with our focus on revenue growth management, has allowed us to deliver pricing as well. What has been great is we have been able to do this across all of our divisions and all of our categories, because if you are not focusing on the entire business, you are really not going to be able to deliver that growth. The next step is we had to rebuild the P&L in order to deliver financial bottom line results to go along with the top line.
That took a little while longer because of the issues we had to deal with in terms of the raw material inflation in 2022 and 2023, but you can see how we've gotten past that and been able to drive nice top and bottom line growth for the last several years.
Okay, that's super helpful. I mean, one of the things you kind of kicked off with was on innovation, right? I would just love to understand how the company has shifted their thinking around it. You kind of touched on just focusing on the core, and I know you and I've had this discussion a lot in the past around what's actually real innovation versus just maybe a flavor extension or a line extension, right? Maybe just through that similarity, how has the company really evolved from maybe where it was in the 2010s to where it is today in terms of how you think about innovation, how you bring that innovation to market?
Yeah, so I would go back to the point I made previously about driving category growth, right? If you think about driving category growth, you're not doing that with a line extension. Okay? What's driving category growth is sort of reinventing your brand, coming up with new usages, coming up with premiumized products, et cetera. As we look at what's going on with our category, what we look at what's going on with our business, we had to say, okay, we're not going to do line extensions anymore. We're going to do what we call breakthrough and transformational innovation, a real step change that can drive premiumization, drive additional usage, as well as driving market share. That's the thought process that went behind this new innovation strategy. Now, in order to get there, it's much more complicated. Okay?
You need to take a much longer-term view of how innovation needs to be incubated, how it needs to be rolled out, how it needs to be funded longer term, and you need to create new incentives within the organization to get that done. We brought in a number of people from the outside, including a new head of R&D, to drive new thinking on innovation. We created new compensation policies where we went in and were able to figure out, okay, how do we measure the incrementality of this innovation? We put that into our comp targets for our operators. We all get paid on the incrementality of innovation, both the size as well as how truly incremental it is to the franchise.
We have really been able to rethink how we do this, but it comes with saying, okay, we cannot just think about the easy things. We have to think longer term, and how do we truly transform our brands and our categories?
Now, that makes a lot of sense. I guess one of the other things that's pretty noticeable from a P&L perspective has just been the step up in advertising. I think it's 300 basis points since 2018, something like that?
Yeah, it's up 440 basis points since 2016.
2016, all right. It's supposed to be up on a dollar and percentage of a sales basis again this year. Clearly, it's been a key part of the turnaround and accelerating organic sales growth. It's a question I'm sure you get a lot, but where do we go from here? Is there room to move higher? Are we at the right levels? I guess just kind of thinking about rebuilding the P&L and financial flexibility, if there is a scenario where you would need to find some flex, I mean, is this an area that you could kind of leverage down the road?
Sure. Let me first clarify. Our guidance for 2025, as of our Q4 conference call, was that advertising would be flat to up slightly on both the dollar basis and as a percent of sales. Close, but I just want to clarify that. Look, the advertising is really a strategy, but the advertising has to pay off from that standpoint. It is not just about a number. Now, we know it is an important indicator of our investment in the business, and we know that a higher advertising to sales ratio, if we spend that money well, will provide confidence to the investment community that we can drive volume growth, that we can drive brand health, that we can drive household penetration. Because at the end of the day, that is what the advertising needs to do. It needs to drive the business.
It's not just about spending more money. It's about spending that money effectively. That's what we're really focused on. As we look at this now, what we would say is we believe we're seeing the impact of that advertising payoff. If you look at our volume performance in 2024, we delivered very robust volume growth, probably better volume growth versus our peers than our peers did on an organic sales growth standpoint. Can you use this? Okay.
Okay. We delivered better volume growth than many of our peers delivered organic sales growth, which we think is an outcome of our focus on, A, trying to drive household penetration, but B, the increase in marketing investment. We have also gotten smarter in terms of how we measure that investment. Noel talked about this at CAGNY. A lot of tools that we have created that we have worked with our IT team to develop where we can measure the ROI of our incremental spending, right? Again, it is not just the absolute number. It is what you are doing with that spending. As we look out going forward, our preference would be to continue to increase that advertising to sales ratio. We know we need to do that in the context of delivering consistent compounded earnings per share growth.
To your point, there may be some years where it's up. We'd like, we'd prefer that. There may be some years where it's down, but we feel more comfortable in this current environment saying, okay, if it was down in 2025, it would be down off of 13.5% advertising to sales where we finished 2024, as opposed to 13% or 12%. We focused, again, as you mentioned, building that flexibility into the P&L. Now, what's important, though, is that flexibility needs to be across every single line item of the P&L, right? We don't want advertising to be sort of the first choice that gets cut, because again, that will negatively impact our ability to drive brand health and household penetration. The focus is on driving dollar sales, right?
That's the best way to drive margin expansion longer term, productivity on the gross margin line, leverage on our overheads. You drive cash, which drives down interest and shares outstanding. Try to get the tax rate down. That's six levers before we get to advertising, but we can use that flexibility if we need it.
Okay. That makes sense. Maybe just shifting gears to kind of the world we're in today, I would just maybe love some perspective on what's happened the last 12 months. A lot of moving pieces across various categories, regions, et cetera. What have been the biggest surprises in your perspective? I guess maybe where have things been better than you would have anticipated, and maybe where have things been worse?
Sure. I mean, I think if you look at the last 12 months in the context of the last five years, I mean, we were up in Boston exactly five years ago, and we were talking about this before, trying to get on a plane to get out of Boston in March of 2020 was a little hairy from that standpoint. Things have changed a lot, right, in terms of looking at the impact from COVID on demand in 2020 and 2021, then significant inflation, then significant pricing to combat that inflation. I think what we've learned as a company is how well we can operate in different operating environments, right? Again, a lot of this goes back to what we talked about in terms of flexibility. If you build that flexibility into your model, right, you can adjust and you can adapt when things change.
I think that's what we've learned more than anything else from that standpoint. I think we've built this model that can flex. I think that's what's been most exciting as we've gone through the past couple of years, to see how we can deal with that successfully. As we look at the operating environment now, I think we are well prepared, but it's going to be a tricky operating environment from that standpoint. As we look at the last six to nine months, we've talked a lot about a slowdown in category growth as we've seen less pricing. If we look at the acceleration in category growth in 2022 and 2023, we saw significant pricing in our categories to combat inflation.
Elasticities were generally favorable because for every 100 basis points of pricing, you were losing about 50 basis points of volume. That has generally held as we have seen pricing growth decelerate. That has led to an overall deceleration in category growth rates, which we talked about a lot last year. That has obviously been further impacted this year by the slow start to the categories in the U.S. that we have talked about, in Mexico, that slowdown that we have talked about over the past couple of quarters. We are seeing that sort of filter through across the businesses right now. As we look at the underlying trends, what has really changed, I think, is the slowdown in consumer demand that we have seen over the past couple of months.
That was obviously the big topic of conversation at CAGNY as we're looking at a consumer that is a little bit more cautious, dealing with issues like perception of higher inflation, what's going on with layoffs, what's going on with the Hispanic consumer, et cetera. As came up at CAGNY, sort of how that plays out into what's going on with retailer destocking, et cetera. I think we're seeing that right now. That's having an impact on category growth. We're seeing that spread a little bit, I think, to some other countries in terms of looking at Mexico and Central America. Europe seems to be hanging in. I think as we look at this, we expected a category deceleration. I think as you look at the first quarter, that's happening a little more rapidly than what we had anticipated.
We just need to see how that plays out over the next six to nine months.
Okay. And then on the U.S., I mean, is that just the kind of choppiness or uneasiness, if you will, is it broad-based or is it specific to certain channels or categories?
Yeah, I think it's relatively broad-based. I think what we're seeing is a little bit of a reduction in traffic. I think we're seeing, again, some hesitancy in the consumer given all the news flow that's going out there. Look, I think the other piece of this is as we look at when we think about our businesses, we tend to look at spreadsheets and say, okay, is something up year-over-year or something down year-over-year? I think consumers still perceive prices to be high, right? I think as all this discussion about potential for increased inflation, it reminds consumers that prices are still higher than they remember them being several years ago. I think it's relatively broad-based across channels and categories. I think there obviously is an impact on Hispanic demand as we've seen lower traffic from Hispanic consumers.
I'd say, yes, it's pretty much across the business. There's not one particular thing where we'd say, okay, this is really what's driving the noise from that standpoint.
Yeah, on the inventory destocking discussion, obviously a big topic at CAGNY. I know you guys stopped short of providing maybe a gap, but it sounds like you're seeing something similar as well. I guess would you, I mean, a lot of your peers are kind of saying, look, this is a short-term dynamic. This is going to reverse and we'll kind of get those kind of sales back or shipments back. Do you see it playing out that way?
Sure. On the second question, I mean, is that about the destocking or is that about the category?
The destocking more just, okay, there's a gap between what you see in the track data. We would expect that to revert because we're in daily use category, something like that.
Going back to what we talked, what Noel talked about at CAGNY. We said we felt that this was more of a category slowdown issue than a destocking issue. We think there is some destocking going on in various channels. Drug, we're seeing some destocking, I think. Obviously, there's some volatility going on in the drug channel right now. I think both the consumption piece and whatever destocking impact we're seeing should come back over time. To your point, we sell daily use categories, right? Even if there is uncertainty, even if there is a reduction in traffic, people hopefully are not stopping brushing their teeth. They're feeding their pets. They're showering. They're using deodorant, again, very hopefully from that standpoint.
As we look at this, we think whatever consumption, we think consumption is continuing, shipments will catch back up eventually because there is nothing fundamental that we see changing in how the categories are operated.
Okay. Maybe sticking with some of the near-term discussion just on kind of the Oral Care strategy in the U.S. Look, I do not want to sit here and harp on scanner data, but some of the.
Oh, I've been listening to people harp on scanner data all day, Peter, so.
That is not surprising. Look, when you look at the market share data, right, it seems like things have kind of turned negative in some recent weeks. Maybe just talk about the Oral Care strategy from here. What needs to improve? Maybe as you think about what you've done over the last several years, what do you need to keep doing?
Sure. If you go back, if you look at our results in 2024, what you would have seen was volume share performance ahead of value share performance. We grew volume share and we lost value share. What happened was at the beginning of 2024, we made two strategic decisions. One was we were going to de-emphasize the drug class of trade because of some promotions there that we felt were not driving overall value for the franchise, and we lost some market share there. The second piece was we made a decision to try to regain household penetration. As we had taken more pricing in 2022 and 2023, what we had seen was the middle tier of our portfolio had lost some penetration.
We have traded up some consumers to Optic White and traded down some consumers to, let's say, Anti-Cavity, which is sort of our base business in Triple Action. We had lost some household penetration in the mid-tier, sort of in the core of the business. We made an emphasis in 2024 to focus our promotional activities more on the mid-tier. It worked to the extent that we got that household penetration back up and we grew volume share, but it provided more negative mix than we had anticipated, which combined with some negative channel mix into club and mass created negative pricing. We think that's really what drove the negative pricing in our portfolio and created that gap between volume share and value share.
As we look at how that should play out in 2025, as we begin to lap those negative pricing numbers, what we are expecting is that the reported pricing should improve sequentially and then year-over-year as we get into the back half of the year. We think what will also help us is the relaunch of Colgate Total, which is one of our flagship Oral Care brands. We started the launch in Latin America in the third quarter of last year. It's going very well. Noel talked about this at CAGNY. It's rolling out now in the US. We have pulled back a little bit on promotions as we're getting that rolled out. What you will see is an increase in promotional activity on Total, along with an increase in marketing spending on Total as we go forward.
That should drive better volume as well as better mix performance. We are already seeing a very nice response. There is a toothbrush, Colgate Total toothbrush that was launched in the fall that is delivering solid growth. We think that is going to show up again in the toothpaste and in the mouth rinse that we are launching as well.
Okay, great. I mean, maybe just rounding out North America, but just thinking about it more from a segment perspective, I was hoping to get some color on how to think about that price versus volume relationship. I think, look, Noel touched on this a lot at CAGNY about how maybe you took too much price in certain categories. That came back down. Volume came back nicely. I guess as you think about, I would imagine you still have a quarter or so cycling that dynamic, I think. I guess in the second quarter, when you think about North America as a segment, would you anticipate getting back to better balance where you have both price and positive volume mix?
Yeah, I'm not sure I can predict that necessarily quarter- by- quarter given the movement that we're seeing in the businesses. As we go through the year, that should be the case. We will lap, again, much easier pricing comparison. I think that will help. The pricing dynamic that you're talking about was really on the hand dish business where because of raw materials, we had priced to recover margin, felt that we could afford to take that price back down in order to be more competitive at shelf. We will lap that. Some of the channel mix stuff will continue, right? Just simply the nature of which retailers are growing faster than others.
We will see in terms of getting Total into the mix, et cetera, and that balance between premium and core. That will kind of, how well the volume mix shifts between those segments, that will determine when we get back to positive pricing.
Okay. Maybe pivoting to Latin America and maybe specifically just on Oral Care within Latin America. It's a market that already has high per capita consumption. You have very high market shares, but you have still been able to perform incredibly well. Maybe how have you been able to do that? I guess as you think about the path forward, can you sustain that momentum?
Sure. Latin America is our largest division. It is a great business. We have breadth across Oral, Personal, and Home Care. We have a generally small Hill's business, but obviously that is reported through the Hill's division. We have tremendous opportunities for growth there. There is a belief that per capita consumption in Latin America is too high to go up anymore or that our market shares are too high to go up anymore. I do not think that is really the case. Per capita consumption in markets like Brazil, sort of southern Latin America, is very high. Per caps in Brazil are the highest in the world at about 1.7-1.8 times per person per day. There is still room to go in terms of getting people brushing their teeth twice a day. Some people already brush their teeth three times a day in Brazil.
In markets like Mexico and other parts of northern Latin America, consumption is closer to one time per person per day. There is a big opportunity to grow per capita consumption. We have significant programs across Latin America to drive that consumption. We work very well with governments across the region. We work very well with schools across the region, with programs like Bright Smiles, Bright Futures to drive that consumption growth. There is a big opportunity. The second opportunity to drive growth and market share in Latin America is through premiumization. As you can imagine, with market shares in Latin America that average 75%, a big piece of our business is base, right? We have built the categories over the last 75, 100 years that we have been in Latin America. We have built these categories.
We have the big brands, entry-level brands like Triple Action, Colgate Anti-Cavity, but we have great growth opportunities in whitening as well as in Colgate-Total, which is a premium brand in Latin America. As we look at it, we think we have great opportunities to drive further penetration of Oral Care, increase mix and price points in Oral Care as well. Now, we've also got big Personal Care and Home Care businesses there, particularly in markets like Mexico, with very strong market shares. Usage in categories like household cleaners, hand dish, body wash, et cetera, remains relatively low. There are significant usage opportunities that we have as well as market share in those categories. The long-term outlook for Latin America, I think, remains very robust. Again, we operate differently in Latin America. We operate with such a long-term focus there, right?
If you think about it, a number of our competitors basically left Argentina over the last 12 to 18 months as the market became more difficult because of devaluations. We stayed. We doubled down. We have gained market share. We have continued to support that business. We are going to emerge from this crisis stronger in Argentina. That long-term viewpoint of Latin America really helps us drive that growth.
Great. Maybe building on a couple of the points there. I would imagine it's a question I've heard you get asked today, and it's a question I've been asked. It's just on the company's ability to kind of drive share gains in the current environment when you're kind of looking to potentially take pricing to offset FX at a time when maybe local competitors don't need to do so. I know this is a dynamic that is not new. The company has been impacted by this over time. Can you maybe just elaborate on how you manage through this type of environment and maybe why this time might be different?
Sure. I think, I mean, I don't think it's going to be different from that standpoint in terms of I think we're going to be able to manage through this the way we have before. I think there's a couple of different reasons. First off, we have such great management on the ground. We have local leaders who have lived through this. I mean, when we went through the Argentina devaluation at the end of 2023, the number of people in the company who had worked through an Argentina devaluation previously, because there's been more than one, they were all over the company, right? The CFO of Latin America at the time had done multiple Argentina devals. We had a number of general managers who'd run the business during devaluations. The experience that we have is tremendous.
We have significant scale advantages versus our competition, right? We have 75% market share across the region in toothpaste. We have market shares in the 40s in categories like fabric softener and hand dish as well that, again, give us scale advantages, which really plays out in store where we can basically use the strength of our brands to drive strong merchandising to keep ourselves in the consumer's eyes. Another advantage that we have now that maybe we would not have had five or six years ago is the increase in advertising spending that you focused on before. We have significantly increased advertising spending in Latin America, which we think has only further strengthened our brand. I think from a company operational standpoint, I think we are in very good shape.
The other point I would add to this is when you talk about taking pricing for foreign exchange, remember that we're looking to take pricing for what we call the transactional impact of foreign exchange, right? That is the impact of dollar-based raw materials in local currency. For example, if we buy SAR 100 million worth of resin and the riyal devalues 20%, all of a sudden, versus the dollar, we have SAR 120 million of resin. We're going to price just to cover that extra SAR 20 million. We don't price to cover the translational impact. Now, we've got a big Latin American business. At a corporate level, we need to deal with the translational impact in order to deliver the dollar-based earnings per share growth that we're focused on.
We can do that by flexing different parts of our portfolio and by building up the flexibility in the P&L. Relative to local competition, I think we're in tremendous shape to deliver pricing to offset that transactional foreign exchange impact while continuing to gain market share. Our market share performance in Latin America in 2024 was excellent, and we think we have strong momentum in 2025.
Awesome. Maybe building on that, but going around the world a little bit, just Europe. It has been very resilient. I think it is mid-single-digit organic sales growth the last couple of years, positive volume mix last year. What has happened? Historically, not been a fast growth market or any growth market, right? I mean, is it a function of categories being better? Is it a function of better execution? Look, I know that this might be a difficult thing to answer just given a lot of moving pieces and what is going on, but where do we kind of settle out if you were to look out over the next 12 to 18 months?
Sure. I mean, it's a great question because Europe for 20 years was basically a low growth market with slightly positive volume growth and slightly negative pricing. Between COVID and then the raw material inflation, there's been a lot of volatility in Europe over the past couple of years. What it has really awakened at Colgate is a belief that we can go out and execute our strategy, build our brands. It really all starts with brands from that standpoint. We have gotten, I think, smarter about how we use our brands in Europe. If you go back 10, 15 years ago, in Europe, we were more focused on being successful just with Colgate in Oral Care. What we've done over the last five years or so is we have flexed our entire portfolio in Oral Care where we're using Elmex.
Noel talked about this at CAGNY. Elmex is a tremendous therapeutic brand for sensitivity, for anti-cavity. That has really paid off in terms of incremental innovation, incremental advertising. We've done a tremendous amount of work with the profession to rebuild Elmex's role with the profession. It's driving significant market share, and it's one of our highest margin products from that standpoint. We haven't just focused on Elmex. We've kept the focus on Colgate as well, but really focusing on premium whitening, right? Another one of those faster growth adjacent segments. By having multiple ways of growing, not just one, we've been able to tackle multiple opportunities within the category and therefore get to peak market shares. Noel shared those at CAGNY that we've moved up to 38% market share.
The market share is up about 300 basis points in Europe over the past couple of years because we have delivered better innovation, focused on multiple brands, and supported those businesses. Same thing with Personal Care where we focused on both Palmolive, which tends to be more at the core end of the portfolio, as well as on Sanex, which tends to be more at the premium end. Strong core innovation, good growth and faster growth adjacencies, driving premiumization and pricing. I think that's the key focus from the brands, which has enabled us to really execute on revenue growth management, RGM, much more effectively, right? I think that list pricing in Europe will still be difficult to take going forward given the retail environment.
Our ability to launch premium versions of our core businesses will allow us to drive positive mix, which we think will get Europe from a sort of low single-digit volume growth with negative pricing environment to a consistently low single-digit volume growth with slightly positive pricing environment going forward. Not the same growth we have seen over the past couple of years, but better than it was historically. Again, it really starts with the brands and then our ability to execute behind stronger brands.
Great. Maybe rounding out the top line discussion, but pivoting over to Hill's a little bit. I mean, we'd love to just hear some perspective on the opportunity from here, both in the US and internationally. Obviously, you can't fully control category growth rates, but this has been a key area of investment for the company. You spent a lot of time getting the supply chain network adjusted. You built new facilities, capabilities, acquired others. Can you just talk about how these investments are unlocking value for Hill's longer term?
Sure. Again, I'll start off with Hill's where I finished the last question, which is our Pet Nutrition business starts with the brand. We continue to believe that the Hill's brand is the single best brand in Pet Nutrition. We have really rediscovered and leaned into our focus with science and our relationship with vet recommendations. That creates very sticky demand for this business, which has allowed us to continue to grow despite what is a somewhat weaker category that we've seen over the last 18 months. As we think about Hill's, the real opportunity there is Colgate is the single most penetrated brand in the world, and it's in about 60% of the world's homes. Hill's is in about 6%, has about 6% household penetration in its best market, which is the U.S.
There is a huge opportunity to grow household penetration, to grow market share on Hill's. Capacity was a massive enabler for that, right? The business had grown so quickly in 2020 through 2022 that we did not have the capacity to feed the demand. We went out and purchased dry pet food capacity through the Red Collar acquisition. We built a wet pet food facility that we opened up in fourth quarter of 2023. That has given us more capacity to meet demand. The other thing it has done is it is not just the capacity to meet demand, it is the capacity to innovate, right? We have been underpenetrated in certain segments within premium pet food, particularly cat, wet pet food, particularly wet cat, and then also Small Paws, small dogs.
This capacity has allowed us to innovate much more quickly, much more aggressively in some of these segments where we've been underpenetrated, which is allowing us to gain market share, right? That's as evidenced by the fact that we are growing mid-single digits in a category that's roughly flat right now, mid-single digits, excluding the negative impact of private label, which is, we think, the way people should be looking at the business. Finally, the last enabler of that is the brand investment, right? I keep going back to this. It's about the brands and investing behind the brands and investing behind that innovation. Advertising to sales has increased dramatically at the total company. We mentioned that 440 basis points since 2016. The investment level at Hill's as a percent to sales has been even higher than that.
It was below the company average in 2016. It's above the company average now. Hill's has grown sales dramatically over that time. We have invested aggressively behind the business to build up brand awareness, to build that penetration and really drive the awareness of that innovation that we have. I feel like right now, even though the category is a little softer than we would like it to be, the structure of where the brand is and where the business is is by far the best in the time since I've been at the company, if not for a longer period of time. I think we're incredibly well positioned as the category reaccelerates. We start to see household formation pick up. I think we will get that tailwind, pardon the pun, of better category growth, allowing us to accelerate Hill's growth even further.
That's a good one. I haven't thought of that one.
Yeah, no, I hesitate every single time I say it.
Maybe just on the category and the near-term dynamic, what do you think is kind of driving more muted performance right now?
Yeah, I think it's a combination of factors. I mean, look, we saw a tremendous number of pet adoptions during COVID, right? The number of sell-side and buy-side analysts who hit me up in 2020, 2021 asking for recommendations for what they should be feeding their dogs was dramatic. I think most of them ended up buying Hill's. Hopefully, all of them should be buying Hill's from that standpoint. That really drove it, sort of front-loaded demand during COVID and really through 2022. What we saw was a lot of pricing, right? Inflation hit everybody. That probably led to people saying, "Look, I can't necessarily afford to go out and adopt a dog right now and bring a dog home because pet food has become a little bit more expensive." I think that was a negative impact on growth.
Over the last year and a half or so, I think, and I mentioned this a little bit, I think household formation has slowed, right? Higher interest rates mean fewer people are buying homes, potentially fewer people are starting families. That means the rate of pet adoption is a little bit lower. Encouragingly, we are seeing cat adoptions move up. People can adopt cats in apartments, what have you. Dogs tend to need a little bit more room. We're hopeful that that's sort of a harbinger of improved dog adoptions going forward so we can get the category back to historical growth rates.
Okay. Now, maybe putting it all together, I mean, do you see a path to the category getting back to growth? I guess, look, a lot of uncertainty on the category, but a lot of brand momentum. How should investors be thinking about growth for Hill's if you look out over the next, call it six to twelve months here?
I mean, next 6 to 12 months, it's difficult to say whether I don't have a crystal ball to predict. I mean, medium to longer term, do I think household formation will pick back up and pet adoptions will pick back up? Yes. Is that 6 months, 12 months, 18 months? Not really sure. I think the confidence that we have in our ability to gain share, given all these factors that I talked about, the capacity that drives the innovation, the advertising investment, I feel confident that we'll be able to continue to gain share. I do think eventually we'll see the category come back to sort of that 3-5% long-term growth rate. There's nothing that makes me think that we're going to see people turn away from having pets longer term.
Okay. Maybe pivoting to tariffs, big topic today. It's been a big topic for a few months now, but I know the company aims to have localized or regionalized manufacturing where possible. I know this is a very fluid situation. I guess maybe give us some perspective on how this all may impact Colgate.
Sure. To your point, our supply chain tends to be more regional than global. We produce products that have liquid, and transferring liquid over long distances is generally not efficient. We have built historically, we have built our supply chain regionally to drive efficiency. I think one of the interesting lessons that came out of COVID was we could not just focus on efficiency. We also had to focus on flexibility. We have built more flexibility into our supply chain. The best example of this is our one truly global category from a manufacturing standpoint, which is manual toothbrushes. During COVID, in the back half of 2021, when our capacity in China was kind of shut down, we realized, okay, in order to thrive in a more complicated supply chain world, we needed the ability to produce more products in more locations.
We have built more flexibility into our supply chain. This also plays into our strategy in terms of dealing with tariffs, right? Over the last couple of years, we have focused on building a little more flexibility, sometimes at the expense of cost, which gives us some ability to mitigate the impact of tariffs. Now, we will not be able to fully mitigate that. As we have talked about, we do produce a meaningful amount of toothpaste for the U.S. and Mexico. We will work on mitigation strategies, whether that is inventory related, whether that is trying to shift some manufacturing in order to do that. Look, we have built a lot of manufacturing and acquired a lot of manufacturing in the U.S. over the past couple of years because of the potential for some of these things happening.
There still will be an impact both from the initial tariffs as well as in terms of what happens with any sort of retaliatory tariffs as we look at impact with Mexico or Canada, what have you. There will be an impact. We're working on mitigation strategies. When we have greater clarity on what those numbers will be, we'll get back to you with more specificity.
Great. Maybe putting that aside for a second, but kind of sticking with margins, maybe focusing specifically on gross margin, just a lot of progress there in recent years. It seems like you really have unveiled some nice productivity through FTG. Maybe just can you talk about that and maybe how much more runway there is for productivity there?
Sure. I think the key on driving gross margin, I mean, I'm going to start the way I started the whole conversation with, if you're driving sales growth, driving margin expansion becomes much easier from that standpoint. The key thing is it starts with organic sales growth, which if you're growing, we don't control currency, right? We're focused also on growing our dollar-based businesses. You want to drive net sales growth, which drives margin expansion, right? Which can drive dollar-based EPS growth, right? Which is the target that we're focused on getting to so we can drive TSR for our shareholders. Again, it starts with growth.
As far as getting gross margin expansion, I think we have gotten more holistic in terms of how we view this over time, which is, I think before we would have focused more on just growing our higher gross margin businesses. Now what we're focused on is growing all of our businesses and trying to grow gross margin on all of our businesses. We will continue to fund advertising, which we can then invest back in our highest gross margin businesses, right? As we think about therapeutic brands like Elmex or Prescription Diet, the more we can invest behind those businesses to drive mix. Now, as far as Funding the Growth goes, this is something that we spend a lot of time and effort on. We talk about it from a gross margin standpoint, but it really affects every line item of the P&L.
I think we feel confident that our planning that is in place, the robust nature of this program, we have good visibility to continue to drive Funding the Growth. We will need to layer pricing in as well. We talked about Latin America, right? We are seeing less pricing from Argentina now that we've lapped all of that. We've begun to lap the pricing in Latin America. We'll layer some of that additional pricing in as we go through the first quarter and the second quarter. That will help pricing accelerate in Latin America from a lower base in Q1 as we go through the year. That will help on gross margin as well. It's really a holistic view. You've got to drive the growth. You've got to drive the pricing, and you drive the productivity.
I think that leaves us very comfortable that we've got good visibility on continuing to build up that gross margin, even though we've hit very high levels in 2024.
Great. Maybe one last question, and we'll shut it down here. Maybe just going thinking about 2025. Maybe I was surprised, maybe not others were, but I just felt like in the context of FX, I thought the low to mid-single digit dollar U.S. EPS growth, I mean, that was relatively impressive. I guess just as you think about the year ahead, and there's just a lot of moving pieces, a lot of uncertainty, right? Do you feel like there's the same degree of flexibility today in the P&L versus what we've seen in the last few years? My guess would be given how many times you've said flexibility up here today, that my answer would be yes. I'd just be curious how you'd think about 2025, maybe relative to what we've seen the last couple of years here.
Sure. I mean, it's a different kind of flexibility, right? I mean, again, we've been building up the flexibility by continuing to invest in advertising, continuing to invest ahead of the curve in areas like digital data and analytics and AI, right? I mean, we were focusing on that, knowing it's not like we woke up on January 1st, 2025 and said, "We have negative currency and we have all these other factors," right? We invested in 2024 ahead of the curve to give us flexibility in 2025. When we worked on the 2025 budget cycle all through the fall, we saw what was coming in 2025, at least part of what was coming in 2025. We went in with different types of budget assumptions, right?
Now, what's going on, what's going to happen with demand over the shorter term as we look at all this uncertainty in the U.S. and Mexico and Canada and some other markets, we'll see how that all plays out, right? That's obviously you're hearing that from retailers. You're hearing that from other companies. We're certainly not immune from that impact. Going in and saying, "Look, we want to deliver dollar-based EPS growth." We know that's how the stock goes up, right? Again, we want to deliver TSR. This was really about planning ahead and using 2023 and 2024 to build that flexibility so that we have the ability to really flex those levers throughout 2025.
Awesome. Why don't we leave it there? John, thank you so much for joining us.
Thank you very much, Peter.
We wish you nothing but the best of luck moving forward.
Thanks a lot. Appreciate it. Thanks, everyone.