Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. My name is Christina, and I'm your conference facilitator today. I would like to welcome everyone to Cleveland-Cliffs 2019 fourth quarter and full year conference call. All lines have been placed on mute to prevent any background noise. After the speaker's remarks, there will be a question and answer session. The company reminds you that certain comments made on today's call will include predictive statements that are intended to be made as forward-looking within the safe harbor protections of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Although the company believes that its forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, such statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially.
Important factors that could cause results to differ materially are set forth in reports on Forms 10-K and 10-Q, and the news release files with the SEC, which are available on the company website. Today's conference call is also available and being broadcast at cleveland-cliffs.com. At the conclusion of the call, it will be archived on the website and available for replay. The company will also discuss results excluding certain special items. Reconciliation for Regulation G purposes can be found in the earnings release, which was published this morning. At this time, I would like to introduce Lourenco Goncalves, Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer.
Thank you, Christina. Good morning, everyone. I appreciate you all joining on what should be our last call as a stand-alone iron ore company. After the closing of our acquisition of AK Steel, Cleveland-Cliffs will be a steel and iron ore company. We are very excited with this unique transaction and looking forward to all of the benefits that will come with controlling the iron ore pellets and HBI feedstock, as well as the steel products, including flat rolled coils of stainless and carbon steel, and highly engineered manufactured parts for the automotive industry. Over the past several weeks, we have come away captivated by the untapped potential that clearly exists for AK Steel assets and very impressed by the quality of the people on the ground. The opportunity ahead of us is actually bigger than what we first envisioned.
Before I lay out why, I will start with an update of where we stand with regards to our closing timeline. As you could probably gather, with this call being moved up by one week, we are progressing remarkably well on all of our necessary checkpoints to close the transaction, thanks to a great combined effort from both Cleveland-Cliffs and AK Steel's transaction teams, as well as our outside counsel, Jones Day. We received regulatory approval from the United States on January 22nd, Canadian approval on February 12th, and expect to receive Mexican approval by February 27th. In addition, our S-4 registration statement went effective on February 4th, allowing us to set our special shareholder meeting date of March 10th, with a transaction close following soon thereafter on March 13th.
Our dealings with AK Steel over the last several weeks gave us the conviction that Cleveland-Cliffs and AK Steel have a lot in common and are both very different from the other companies and the vast majority of companies out there. Similarly to Cliffs, AK Steel has not saved money by skipping necessary maintenance. That would, over time, make equipment and products a lot worse. Not the case with Cliffs, not the case with AK Steel. Also, both AK and Cliffs rely on the North American market and should thrive with the strong economy we currently have and will continue to have here in the United States. Differently from the vast majority of companies these days, our businesses do not depend on China.
With the acquisition of AK Steel, Cleveland-Cliffs becomes the most relevant supplier of steel to the automotive industry in the United States, fully integrated from iron ore on the ground to auto parts as a tier 1 supplier of finished parts used in the assembly line of the car manufacturers. The pro forma numbers show that even before we account for synergies and cost-cutting actions, the new Cliffs commands the highest EBITDA margin among all steel companies in North America. That includes all integrated mills and all EAF steel makers. Last but not least, on day one, we are resolving for good the AK Steel balance sheet issue. With that, we will be running a company with a four-year window of no maturities and managing the business from a position of financial strength.
AK Steel serves the high-end markets that prefer stability in prices, with the biggest concentration of automotive share among all steel mills in our industry. This relatively stable revenue stream does not mirror its cost structure, which varies a lot more, particularly due to the variations within the price of iron ore. By marrying our two businesses, we can mitigate this intra-year volatility with a combination of stable costs and prices while providing the new company with a level of margin predictability that's not common in the metals and mining world. There are two other U.S. integrated steelmakers who control, totally or partially, their iron ore supply, but neither have the same level of penetration in the automotive market, and they both have a lot more exposure to spot steel prices. The rationale for the deal was explained in our announcement on December 3rd, 2019.
Upon the completion of our acquisition of AK Steel, the commodity indices that investors use as a proxy for Cliffs' performance will be a lot less influential as our revenues will be far more in our control. We understand that EAF mills continue to grab market share from the so-called high-cost blast furnace producers. This being said, treating all integrated steel producers as if they were all the same is not a good simplification. In fact, there is a massive disparity among different integrated mills. Also, as far as EAFs are concerned, some serious technological limitations exist in the types of steel that each EAF mill can or is willing to produce. The vast majority of the sophisticated steel products that AK Steel supplies are not just something any steel mill is capable of making.
That's one of the important reasons the steel industry in countries with meaningful automotive manufacturing power, such as Japan, Germany, France, and South Korea, is completely dominated by blast furnaces. These blast furnaces are operated by a handful of well-run and properly capitalized companies, such as Nippon Steel, ArcelorMittal, and POSCO, among a few others. In the world of highly sophisticated steels for the automotive industry, well-operated integrated mills prevail by a large margin. Automotive and blast furnaces, good blast furnaces, I mean, go together. There's a small group of high-end steel producers in the world that have all three necessary strengths to be part of this select group. One, the technological capability. Two, the R&D resources. And three, the staying power of a strong balance sheet.
While the legacy AK Steel has only two of the three, the new Cleveland-Cliffs will have all three strengths, and therefore, belongs in this very select group of the steelmakers. The importance of AK Steel as a well-established supplier of the automotive industry is even more relevant at this time, when we approach a very interesting inflection point in the North American market for cars and trucks. We find ourselves in the very early moments of a transformational change from the use of combustion engines in passenger vehicles to that of electric-powered cars and trucks. Right now, electric vehicles still make up a very small percentage of cars on the road, with Tesla being a star and an undeniable reality as the first company to show a presence in the market for EVs.
As several other car manufacturers catch up with the market and get ready to introduce new models of electric vehicles over the next few years, particularly in our favorable American market, supported by low interest rates and full employment. A vertically integrated and downstream-oriented Cliffs AK Steel will benefit from the trend. With AK Steel's unique technical expertise, we are the best-positioned company to supply what's needed for this change of the fleet from traditional combustion engines to EVs. AK Steel produce the most sophisticated products, including engineered parts to the automotive industry as a tier 1 supplier in highly automated facilities operated by Precision Partners in several strategic located plants in the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. Going forward, we will leverage and increase our downstream businesses, AK Tube and Precision Partners will be core to our business and to our commercial strategy.
We at Cleveland-Cliffs are profit-driven, and we have proved our good commercial execution through very successful contract renegotiations with our pellet clients. In some cases, surprising the outsiders with our ability to succeed. By improving the utilization of our unique R&D resources in a more commercially focused way, the new Cliffs AK can and will provide the advanced steel solutions needed by the car manufacturers to produce electric vehicles for the mass market. These car manufacturers are well-established, long-term clients of AK Steel, and some of them have contacted us at Cleveland-Cliffs during the last several weeks to express their support to our transaction and their willingness to do business with a stronger entity as the combined Cliffs AK Steel will be.
With the balance sheet relief we will provide through the standalone AK Steel, this rare window of opportunity in the market for cars and trucks can and will be explored to our benefit. That, of course, would never happen had Cleveland-Cliffs and AK Steel stayed put as two separate companies. This example just scratches the surface of what we are prepared to do as a combined entity while achieving and maintaining a strong financial profile for a well-capitalized Cliffs AK Steel. We have already executed a successful exchange offer that strips the relevant covenants from AK Steel bonds, providing us with a great deal of uniformity and flexibility in our capital structure. We have also arranged and put in place a new $2 billion asset-based loan for the combined entity.
Our new ABL will provide us with substantial liquidity and with an easy way to pay down debt quickly and with no prepayment penalty. Last but not least, subjected to market and other customary conditions, in the near term, we will be refinancing AK's 2020 and 2023 bonds. With all that, at closing on March 13th, the new combined company should have a much stronger financial profile than the current AK Steel, including the nice and comfortable low maturity window going forward for years that we currently enjoy as a standalone Cleveland-Cliffs. I will be able to go into much more details once the deal is closed, including our operational plans, synergy achievement progress, and footprint optimization initiatives. Until then, our combined teams will continue planning and setting the stage for our takeover on day one. For now, our mining and pelletizing business remains steady and reliable as always.
One of the other benefits of the AK Steel transaction is that we now control our own destiny with our pellet supply and have picked up a lot of optionality as a supplier of iron ore products. We have roughly 85% of our pellets order book secured through 2026. For the remaining 15% of pellet production, we have several options. We can either extend third-party contracts, sell DR- grade pellets, or leverage the AK Steel blast furnace footprint to sell merchant pig iron. We will only make that decision later, and we will do it in a way that allow us to maximize the profitability we enjoy from the unique position we have in the iron ore pellet and HBI markets. This flexibility with our pellets was made possible primarily because of the construction of our HBI plant. Within a few months, we will be producing and selling hot-briquetted iron.
As I confirm right now, we will start up our HBI plant in June of 2020, and expect to generate healthy EBITDA and healthy free cash flow from our Toledo Operation still in 2020. We also expect to achieve our nameplate 1.9 million metric tons of HBI in 2021, which will be the first full calendar year of operation of our Toledo plant. In advance of our start-up, technical and commercial activities are well underway with our new electric arc furnace clients. With a high 3% carbon content, Cliffs HBI is a differentiated premium product, several steps above the low-carbon HBI and DRI commonly produced. In fact, our HBI is a direct replacement for imported pig iron.
Very importantly, our Toledo plant is exclusively supplied with uniform pellet feedstock from a single source, our Northshore Mining, which is a defining factor to allow for a stable operation and a very homogeneous product. With that, I'm pleased to inform that based on actual ongoing commercial activity, Cliffs HBI will be sold not only in our natural market within the Great Lakes, Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky, Illinois, among other states, but also to electric arc furnace plants located in states farther south, such as Mississippi and Arkansas. Between the Toledo HBI plant and the upgrade of the Northshore Mining to produce DR- grade pellets, Cleveland-Cliffs has spent more than $1 billion to develop a new use for taconite iron ore from the Minnesota Iron Range.
This meaningful investment has generated more than 150 new full-time, high-paying jobs in Toledo, and brought a very relevant economic benefit to both Minnesota and Ohio, including approximately 1,650 construction jobs in both states during the last couple of years. We are very excited that we are just a few months away from starting replacing Russian and Ukrainian pig iron with our Made in USA HBI, to the benefit of our new EAF clients, our employees, our shareholders, and the economy of Toledo and Northwest Ohio. On that note, I would like to invite our CFO, Keith Koci, to discuss our fourth quarter and full year 2019 results.
Thanks, Lourenco, and good morning to everyone listening today. Cliffs concluded 2019 with fourth quarter adjusted EBITDA of $111 million, and full year adjusted EBITDA of $525 million. This represented an industry-best 28% EBITDA margin, even after dealing with precipitous drops in both steel pricing and pellet premiums during the year. Most notably, our cash flow generated from operations continues on a positive upward six-year trend. Net cash from operating activities was $563 million in 2019, compared to $478 million last year, and our highest since 2013. Our mining and pelletizing segment's quarterly EBITDA of $153 million was driven by 5.8 million long tons of shipments, including 400,000 tons of intercompany sales. This put us at 19.4 million long tons of sales for the full year, roughly in line with our previous guidance.
Our pellet price realization of $90 per long ton in the fourth quarter was negatively affected by the volatility in hot-rolled steel prices and pellet premiums that we saw during the back half of the year. That caused us to record an unfavorable revenue true-up adjustment in the fourth quarter. The true-up was primarily a function of having to revalue our entire year's sales at the full year averages for HRC pellet premium and IODEX , negatively impacting our Q4 rate. After all of that, our full year revenue rate was $100 per long ton, which came in at the midpoint of the spot price guiding range that we provided last quarter. Cash costs for the fourth quarter were $64 per long ton, which also put us right in the midpoint of our full year guidance range of $64.50 per long ton.
As for CapEx, we are now through our peak year spend of $656 million, and expect to see roughly half that amount in 2020 as we wrap up the construction of the HBI plant in Toledo. On the finance side, we are grateful to end such a heavy spending year maintaining a healthy liquidity position, including $350 million in cash and an untapped revolver. With our reduction in capital spend, cash needs in 2020 will be much lighter. Along with reduced HBI construction costs, we will no longer have the $45 million minority interest payment that we were contracted to pay in each of the last three years. Finally, we still have our steady flow of tax refunds continuing with another $60 million expected in the middle of this year, and two refunds of $30 million in each of the next two years.
In 2020, we expect to sell between 20 and 20.5 million long tons of pellets, including approximately 1.5 million long tons of DR- grade pellets to be delivered to our HBI plant. Due to the additional pellet tonnage produced last year that is currently in inventory, we also have flexibility to increase beyond that sales amount in 2020 should demand warrant. For full year guidance on a Cliffs stand-alone basis, we have provided an expected 2020 adjusted EBITDA range of $550 million-$575 million. In order to maintain consistency, we have used roughly the same forecast and pricing assumptions that have been put forth in other publicly filed documents using analysis that was developed last November.
I would also flag that as HRC prices have come down, our revenue rates have become slightly less sensitive to movements in iron ore prices and pellet premiums due to the nature of our pricing formulas. Both our revenue sensitivities and our EBITDA guidance range will not be relevant after we complete the acquisition of AK Steel, and as such, will be de-emphasized by us going forward. Nevertheless, while we are still a stand-alone business, I should note that we are now at a point where the Atlantic Pellet Premium sits below the cost of pellet conversion for most players in this market. We have already seen supply begin to come out of the market. On top of that, currently, the Chinese Pellet Premium is actually higher than the Atlantic, a pretty rare occurrence and often a signal that the Atlantic premium is too low and likely to rise.
For the first quarter 2020, as always, we are in the middle of restricted shipping on the Great Lakes, forcing us to limit most deliveries to rail only. Q1 should represent only 3%-5% of our full year revenues on a Cliffs stand-alone basis. Assuming we close on our expected date of March 13th, our next quarter's results would reflect AK's results only for those last 18 days of the month. We may see a small prorated influence from AK's earnings during Q1, but would not see the full benefit of their earnings in our results until the second quarter. With that, I will turn to Lourenco for his final remarks.
Thanks, Keith. With both the upcoming completion of the AK Steel acquisition and the Toledo HBI plant coming online, 2020 will be the most transformational year in our 173-year history. We are very excited to welcome our new customers, Nucor, Dave J. Joseph, Steel Dynamics, OmniSource, Big River Steel, North Star BlueScope, and several others to our list of clients as they acquire a massive tonnage of HBI for the burden of their electric arc furnaces. In the meantime, we will need our shareholders' support to make the acquisition of AK Steel by Cleveland-Cliffs a reality. To those Cliffs shareholders on record as of January 31st listening on today's call, you should have already received the necessary materials to vote for the transaction. Your vote is necessary, and I appreciate your support.
As you know, I'm a big shareholder of Cleveland-Cliffs myself, one that has bought several million dollars worth of CLF stock in the open market and never sold a single share except for offsetting taxes before the shares become mine. Speaking as a shareholder and to all of our shareholders, I believe the acquisition of AK Steel under my guidance, with the leadership of my management team, and with the addition of key players from the AK Steel management team, is the optimal path to maximize the value of our CLF shares. If you have any questions about the rationale for the deal or how to vote, please feel free to reach out to us using the contact information provided in your materials or on our website. One more time, your vote is important, and I look forward to receive your affirmative vote on or before March 10th.
With that, I will turn it back to Christina to direct Q&A.
Thank you. At this time, if you would like to ask a question, please press star then one on your telephone keypad. That is star one on your telephone keypad to ask a question. Your first question comes from Lucas Pipes from B. Riley FBR. Your line is open.
Hey, good morning, everybody.
Congratulations, Lourenco and team, on the continued progress on HBI and moving so quickly on completing the AKS acquisition. Lourenco, I wanted to start out with some higher-level questions. First, on AKS, you mentioned the long-term strategy and the commercial opportunities there. Other pieces of the AKS portfolio that might be less relevant, that could be candidates for monetization. Any thoughts on that would be appreciated. Reading through the S-4, it appears this marriage started with a date about Ashland. I don't think you mentioned Ashland in your prepared remarks. Could you maybe update us on the thoughts on that asset? Lastly, appreciate your comments regarding the EV revolution in your prepared remarks. Folks don't typically think about steel in the context of EV. What are your thoughts there?
What products feed into that market and transition specifically, and what do you think the impact will be to AKS longer term there? Appreciate all the color on those three questions.
Okay, Lucas. That's a lot to chew, let's try to get it done. First of all, the thoughts on assets. Got to be very careful in terms of what I can and I cannot talk about, because there are a few things in the M&A regulations, and some touching the law in terms of gun-jumping provisions, that I am not in charge of the company yet. We are working on preparing a plan, and of course, we have plans. In a general way, without being specific on anything, the assets that were not going to be part of the core, and there are some that are not going to be part of the core, will be monetized. We did that with the Cliffs. That was a lot more difficult, a lot more complicated, a lot more specific in terms of potential buyers.
With AK, we have a few things that actually we're receiving reverse inquiries in terms of without us soliciting anything. They're coming here, and they are calling in and making proposals on doing this and doing that. We are listening to everybody, and we are taking our own plan to paper. On day one, we will start to execute. You should expect that non-core assets will be taken care of and monetized to the best of our ability. That's the first. As far as Ashland, look, we were developing a market for HBI. We're doing extremely well. We are done now. We believe that our commercial efforts and our technical efforts came to fruition. We are very pleased. I gave names of clients that are going to be buying massive tonnage of HBI from us.
By the way, I did not mention AK Steel because we are concentrating the effort on HBI to outside clients at this moment. We are not even planning to use our HBI within AK Steel at the very beginning. Just to give you an idea how hot is the HBI product in the marketplace right now. Back to Ashland. I started to be interested in Ashland because I was seeing the high level of interest for our HBI. It would be, in my opinion, an opportunity to create an expansion in this metallics market and develop Ashland as a producer of pig iron for the marketplace. However, when I start doing that, we have to do market analysis.
As we do market analysis, you realize that there is only so much that the EAFs can get to before they get into a ceiling that they can't pass. If they can't produce certain types of products, then you cannot, in all fairness, to continue to supply them with metallics because they will not need it if they have other alternatives that might be more economically viable for these intelligent EAFs. They will not be buying pig iron just because pig iron might be available. In other words, they, meaning the EAFs, will not be producing exposed parts for automotive if they have the pig iron available, because that's not the restriction to produce exposed parts. We really realized that we are getting to a point with our HBI that we're pretty much optimizing the market for EAFs. Will Ashland happen at this point?
I don't know. I don't believe so, because we are going to first and foremost maximize AK Steel capabilities. When I realized that the EAFs would not be able to get there, I also realized that there was an untapped potential with AK assets that I could develop. Even more important, some other integrated producers that have a tradition and a history of producing the products for the automotive market are walking away. They are going backwards. They are going from a car to a bicycle. Let them do that. I'm good with that. AK Steel R&D capability, has the technical capability, has the patents, has the products, has the clients. We only need to improve it commercially, besides the balance sheet that will be done before we land there on March 13. That's our forte.
That's what we do for a living, 39 years and six months in this business. Ashland, at this point, is in the back burner. I don't believe the market needs Ashland. The market definitely needs our HBI, but I'm not sure if they need Ashland. That I'm going to do everything I can for the market not to need Ashland, because we're going to grow the business of AK Steel. You also mentioned the electric vehicle revolution. I agree with your terminology. It's a revolution. Even more important, it's a steel revolution. Remember, the Tesla S was all aluminum. The Tesla 3, the evolution of the Tesla, and the Tesla that you see on the street is all steel. There's a potential towards steel as well.
Finally, the traditional car manufacturers are now at a point that they realize that Tesla is for real, and the EV is for real. They're all jumping into this thing. Guess what? They are all clients of AK Steel. We are going to be developing EVs and materials for EVs inside our R&D center in Middletown, Ohio. Actually, we are going to start this right away. It's coming. AK Steel will be a big beneficiary, and when you see companies like Volkswagen CEO saying to his executives, "Tesla is real. If you don't believe, you don't belong to Volkswagen at this point." That means something. General Motors is coming with a bunch of EVs. Ford is going toward that. There's a company producing trucks, called Rivian, producing trucks in Illinois. They are a huge client of AK Steel.
We're going to continue to support their development. There's a lot coming in this thing. Here in the United States, we are going to be pretty much, I would not say alone, because we have ArcelorMittal USA, also participate in the marketplace. I think that they're going to have a lot of business for us, Cleveland-Cliffs, AK combined, and our big client, ArcelorMittal USA. We're good in both sides, in the auto side and in the pellet side. Sorry if my answer is too long, you gave me three very interesting and very provocative points to talk about.
I really appreciate all the color, Lourenco. It's never enough. I'll keep it really short for my second question. A breakdown of capital expenditures in 2020. Keith, you may have mentioned it in your prepared remarks, but if you could just.
Sure
reiterate it, if in case I missed it, I would appreciate it. Thank you.
Yeah. No problem, Lucas. 2020, the range we provided, $350 million-$400 million, breaks down. Toledo is going to be $270 million-$290 million to complete. Virtually all of that will happen in the first six months. Sustaining CapEx for Cliffs, $70 million-$90 million, somewhere in there. Roughly $20 million of capitalized interest during the year.
to complete the Toledo plant. That's the breakdown.
Okay. I appreciate it very much. Continued best of luck. Thank you.
Thanks, Lucas.
Your next question comes from Alex Hacking from Citi. Your line is open.
Hi. Good morning, and thanks for the time. I just wanted to follow up with a question on the HBI. You said you've made a lot of commercial headway there, and congratulations on the success, and it sounds like you have all the offtake there, or a lot of the offtake already sorted out. I'm curious on the pricing. Can you give us any color, if possible, on the pricing structure in terms of what type of contracts that you'll be entering into? Will they be in terms of duration? In terms of the pricing mechanism for the HBI, will it be linked to indexes in any way, and how often will the prices reset? Any color there will be very helpful. Thank you.
Good morning, Alex. The HBI product is being sold to clients that have a way of doing business. I've been saying that forever. I've been saying that before we built the HBI plant. We have to respect the way the clients do business. We can't try to impose a new way of doing business before entering a market. These folks buy in short term. They buy per order. These orders are more loosely agreed upon in terms of tonnage for the quarter, and price is set in a monthly basis. The biggest reference for price for us will be the price of pig iron, adjusted for the value we use that our HBI, I mean pig iron delivered to the client, of course, not pig iron FOB Tubarão, Brazil, or FOB Ponta da Madeira, or FOB some port in Europe. No.
Deliver it to the United States, deliver it to the site, and adjust for the value use. Remember, pig iron has 4.5% carbon. We're going to have 3% carbon. It's close, but it's not there. We're going to generate a little less heat. We have a little more gangue because we are low silica, but we are not zero silica. On the other hand, we have a very high metallization. There are a lot of gives and takes that will be defined by the value use, but the value use will be developed after the client is really using the product. We are going to have six months or seven months, between June and December of 2020, to be adjusting these parameters. By and large, we are set, we are happy, and we are going to continue to develop this business that way.
It will be very profitable for us. The payback, the IRR that I promised when we first started, will be easily beaten.
Okay, thanks. That's very helpful. Thanks for the time, and good luck.
Thank you.
Your next question is from Seth Rosenfeld from Exane BNP. Your line is open.
Morning. Thank you for taking the questions. If I can touch on two points, first on HBI and then secondly on Ashland, please. When it comes to HBI and the CapEx budget, your release talked about the CapEx being, I think, fast-tracked, or development being fast-tracked in Q4, obviously on track for ramp-up before the end of H1. When it comes to CapEx, my understanding was the 2020 CapEx budget was closer to $300 million, implying that we're looking $50 million-$100 million above that. What are the moving parts in that, Keith? Thank you for the color earlier, but is HBI CapEx one of those elements? Was there actually an increase in expected budget there?
Secondly, please, when it comes to pig iron at Ashland, your comments about market research pointing to a metallics market well-supplied based on just your own HBI, seems to run counter to what we heard from you back in December at the time of the deal announcement, when Ashland growth seemed to be one of the key incremental growth drivers for the story. Just to clarify, what's changed in that time? Is this new market research you completed after the acquisition was announced, or was this always in line with your expectations going back to December? Thank you.
First of all, let's set the record straight here. You said that HBI throughout the world, particularly here in the United States, is a widow-maker. My wife is still married, so I'm still alive. Remember when you said that HBI was a widow-maker because HBI generates budget overruns and people can't complete construction on time? Remember that, Seth?
I do, and I'm glad your wife is not a widow.
I'm right here. Our HBI is on time. Our HBI is actually ahead of schedule, and our HBI is on budget. We are good with that. Second, the fluctuation, the numbers for CapEx are just carryovers from last year, things that, for one reason or another, we did not pay last year, because if you can pay later, we'll pay later. We don't pay earlier. That's pretty much a rule of thumb when you are building something. If everything goes on time and you are not being forced to deploy the capital earlier, if you can deploy the capital later, why not to do it? It's just a move from one year to another. As far as Ashland, that's what due diligence is for. When we're doing due diligence, we're really diving deep into AK Steel.
As far as public information is concerned, we did not hear too much from AK in public conference calls and things like that, a lot of their automotive business. We heard a lot about their balance sheet. We heard a lot about their bonds that were not refinanced. We heard a lot about pensions, but we didn't hear a lot their business. When we start digging into their business, their business is phenomenal. Their technical capabilities are immense, and I would have to produce pig iron to support EAFs out of Ashland. I'm going to support EAFs out of the HBI, so I'm not denying the importance of EAFs, so there is no conflict with previous statements. Just that due diligence showed there's a real potential for the ongoing, for the existing AK business, particularly in what's related to automotive. It's extremely impressive.
Our first investor's day for AK Steel will be done at the research and development center of AK Steel in Middletown, Ohio, and I'm sure you're going to be there, Seth. You're going to be surprised, as other research analysts will as well. There's no conflict. It's just due diligence. That's why companies do due diligence when they're acquiring other companies, to really learn what they are getting into. We realized that we're getting into something a lot bigger and a lot more relevant and a lot more important in terms of return to the shareholders than just producing pig iron to the marketplace out of Ashland. I'm not saying that's not going to come. I'm just saying that this was now way behind in the scale of priorities.
Okay. Thank you very much. Wishing you best of health.
Thank you.
Your next question comes from Nick Jarmoszuk from Stifel. Your line is open.
Hi, Lourenco. Good morning.
Good morning, Nick.
Question for you on the EBITDA guidance. Does it assume any contribution from the HBI plant in the second half of the year?
Look, here's the thing. Keep in mind that, as soon as 2021 comes, we are going to have 9 million tons of intercompany sales. Don't forget that. That will change everything in terms of the things that you see in this EBITDA guidance. I will let Keith Koci go into the details of the numbers related to that guidance.
Right. As far as the startup of HBI, we're pretty modest with the back half, and we've only put in $30 million of EBITDA coming from HBI in 2020. It's mainly just due to the ramp-up, and there's always some additional cost in getting started. The number grows immensely in 2021 as we expect to have a full year running at our nameplate capacity. We're looking at roughly $200 million of EBITDA generation in 2021, and that's what we've got in our guidance.
Okay.
Let me complement one thing about that. As far as 2020, assuming $650 for hot band in the United States is still a very modest number, and should be a number easy to achieve. $90 for IODEX , well, today it's $91.10, the IODEX that was published this morning. The new normal is unabated. Even Vale was unable to destroy the IODEX . They did destroy the pellet premium, no doubt about it. When you reopen contracts that are set in stone with clients, and you accept clients cry wolf, then pellet premiums go down. The biggest problem is that the biggest victim of this absurd is Vale. They are losing tonnage. They are giving away revenue by giving away the pellet premium. Very soon, they will need to come to reality, and the pellet premium will go up.
Like Keith explained, for the vast majority of pellet producers in the world, the current pellet premium doesn't cover the costs. They are in trouble. Vale might be okay because of the manipulation of the Brazilian real that's now trading at $1 for BRL 4.37 , so it's pretty absurd. That currency gives the impression that they have all costs under control, but they don't. They'll have to play catch up with the pellet premium very soon. That's why we put a $50 number for our expectation, because we believe that will be higher.
Nick, one more follow-up to my comment real quick. The $30 million that I quoted does not include the intercompany margin. We also recognize then the margin that the price that we're charging to ourselves. There is an additional margin in the HBI product that'll be in the mining and pelletizing division.
Good point.
Add another little bit.
The profitability of the pellets division.
That's right.
Yeah. Not the profits that we make selling pellets at market price from Northshore to our own units, so from Northshore to Toledo. Because we have to do it that way, because among other things, we pay royalties to Mesabi Trust based on market price. We don't mess with that.
Okay. With the customers that you mentioned, does that fully contract the nameplate capacity of Toledo?
No. What do you mean? If I have orders for 1.9 billion metric tons for 2021? Of course not. Nobody has that. Nobody has that for any product. Why should I have for HBI? I don't have for pellets either. No steel company in the world asks for steel, so why we're asking this question? Are you trying to say that I don't have orders for HBI? Is that what you are implying?
No, I was just curious as to how much of the capacity is contracted.
Everything that we are going to produce at the beginning. Then it's up to us. If the product is good, as we believe the product is, and the clients believe that the product is, we are going to have a great business. If the product is like other producers, and even one here in the United States in Texas, we'll probably have trouble. We are not them. We are us. We have a single source of pellets coming from Northshore. We know how to deal with iron ore. We have been dealing with iron ore for 173 years, so we learned one thing or two, and we also understand how to deal with contract business to supply feedstock to clients. We are going to be fine, Nick. We have the orders that we need to start, and then we'll go from there.
Okay, then returning to the pellet discussion, do you have any thoughts that Vale could be looking to give some sort of discount to their European customers to maintain blast furnace throughput, and then once the margins in Europe improve, then they'll get a little more aggressive with the pellet premium. Do you think that's a reasonable way to think about it?
I think the reasonable way to think about that's too many people getting trained on the job, on-the-job training as well. As soon as they learn the business, they will start to charge the clients what they need to charge. It's for Vale to resolve, to the board members of Vale to resolve. It's a Vale thing. Vale, at this point, has other things to resolve. They have a few people going to jail. It's a mess out there. I don't know.
Okay.
You got to ask them.
All right. That's all I had. Thank you.
Thank you.
Your last question comes from James Finnerty from Citigroup. Your line is open. Please go ahead.
Hi. Thanks for taking the question. Just on the AKS that you intend to refinance, the 2021s and 2023s, will the 2021s be unsecured and guaranteed like the 2025s and 2027s?
Look, as you know, being a high-yield bond analyst, I can't talk about that right now. We will announce this deal at the right time. We have a track record of doing these type of transactions and doing the transaction right. Look at that. Check the last five and a half years. You have plenty of comparables just here within Cleveland-Cliffs, but I can't show my hand right now, and I will not disclose that at this point. We are set. We are good. Stay tuned.
Okay, the timing is still to be determined. It could happen in conjunction with the closing of the transaction, or could it happen afterwards? Is that still undetermined?
I said that we're gonna be done by day one, I mean, we're gonna hit the ground running. We are going to be done. Remember, we already stripped the covenants of the AK bonds. Check the box. We already arranged the ABL. Check the box. The last piece missing is the bonds. We're going to take care of that, and when we land there, we're gonna have four-year window of opportunity to work and get AK Steel refocused on commercial, refocused on developing steels, and more important than anything, charging the clients a price that will be proper for the type of technology that is embedded in the steel that we produce.
Great. Thank you very much. That was very helpful.
Thanks, James.
Your final question comes from Tyler Kenyon from Cowen. Your line is open.
Hey, good morning. Thanks for squeezing me in. You've given us some standalone EBITDA guidance based on some commodity price inputs for Cliffs. Wondering if you could provide a little bit more detail on the embedded pellet volumes, cash costs, and perhaps SG&A assumptions within that $550 million-$575 million range.
Please, want to take that?
The standalone SG&A, kind of similar year-over-year. Cash cost of production up roughly 3%. Mainly, product mix is a big part of it, because we'll be producing a lot more DR- grade pellet. The DR- grade pellet costs more to produce. You'll also see some additional maintenance cost in the year. You'll see some higher costs at Tilden stripping because we've extended the life of the mine, as you'll see as soon as we disclose in our 10-K. The natural increase in labor costs each year. You'll see a little bit of increase there. What was the other factor?
At today's prices, would be probably a $1.50 increase, something like that. Less than $2.
Okay, great. Anything just on volume assumptions for third-party pellet sales?
Volume will be in the 20 million tons-20.5 million tons range.
Any sense you could provide us just on how much will be going to HBI in terms of inventory build?
No, inventory build, we already built the inventory. We don't have any more inventory build to do. Actually, in 2020, we are considering that we're gonna be moving only 1.5 million tons-1.8 million tons of pellets because it will be a ramp-up year. Starting 2021, we're gonna go in steady state. To produce 1.9 million metric tons of HBI, we're gonna need 2.8 million tons of pellets moving into Toledo. That will be 2021 and beyond.
Okay. Thank you.
Thank you, Tyler. Christina?
There are no further questions at this time. Do you have any closing comments today?
Just to wish everybody a great Thursday. Keep paying attention. We are moving fast. We are doing everything we have to do. We are excited about the transaction, we're excited about HBI, we're excited that we have a transformational event that will change Cleveland-Cliffs going forward, and will guarantee that this company will be here for the next 50 - 100 years. We are pleased with what we have done. We appreciate the support of our shareholders. So far, the votes coming in are massively in favor of the transaction. We appreciate each one of the retail investors and the institutional investors that continue to demonstrate every day their support to our strategic moves. We are together. I am one of you. I'm a big shareholder of this company. My family will be involved with this company for two or three generations going down.
That's how we see this business. There's no short-term thing here. We're working for us, shareholders of this company. Thank you very much and have a great day.
Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes today's conference call. Thank you for participating. You may now disconnect.