Greetings, and welcome to Columbia Sportswear Company's Q4 and Fiscal Year 2018 Financial Results Conference Call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. A question- and- answer session will follow the formal presentation. If anyone should require operator assistance during the conference, please press star zero on your telephone keypad. As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to your host, Andrew Burns, Director of Investor Relations. Please go ahead.
Good afternoon, and thanks for joining us to discuss Columbia Sportswear Company's Q4 results in 2019 outlook. In addition to the earnings release, we furnished an 8-K containing a detailed CFO commentary explaining our 2018 results and the assumptions behind our 2019 outlook. This CFO commentary is also available on our investor relations website, investor.columbia.com.
With me today on the call are Chairman of the Board, Gert Boyle, President and Chief Executive Officer, Tim Boyle, Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, Tom Cusick, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Jim Swanson, and Executive Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer, Peter Bragdon. Gert will start us off by covering the safe harbor reminder.
Good afternoon. This conference call will contain forward-looking statements regarding Columbia's business opportunities and anticipated results of operation. Please bear in mind that forward-looking information is subject to many risks and uncertainties, and actual results may differ materially from what is projected. Many of these risks and uncertainties are described in Columbia's annual report on Form 10-K and subsequent filings with the SEC.
Forward-looking statements in this conference call are based on our current expectations and beliefs, and we do not undertake any duties to update any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this conference call to conform the forward-looking statement to actual results or to changes in our expectations.
Thanks, Gert. I'd also like to point out that during the call, we may reference certain non-GAAP financial measures, including non-GAAP results, which exclude the effect of the new revenue accounting requirements standard and insurance claim recovery benefit, program expenses, and discrete costs associated with Project CONNECT, income tax charges associated with the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, as well as constant currency net sales growth.
You'll find a reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures to comparable measures reported under U.S. GAAP in the supplemental information tables that accompany our earnings release, along with an explanation of management's rationale for referencing these non-GAAP financial measures. Following our prepared remarks, we will host a Q&A period during which we will limit each caller to two questions so we can get to everyone by the end of the hour. Now, I'll turn the call over to Tim.
Thanks, Andrew. Welcome everyone, thanks for joining us this afternoon. 2018 was a tremendous year for Columbia Sportswear, I'm thrilled to see it end on a high note with record Q4 financial results that significantly exceeded our expectations. Our success across both wholesale and D2C channels around the world highlights that our brand-led, consumer-focused strategy is fueling market share gains.
Sales, gross margin, operating income, net income, earnings per share were all at record levels for the quarter and full year. Successfully adapting to the rapidly changing retail environment while enhancing our consumer experience is not an easy task, I'd like to thank our global team of over 7,800 employees whose dedication and focus made these outstanding results possible.
Our Q4 non-GAAP sales, which exclude the impact of new revenue accounting standard, increased 16%, our non-GAAP net income, which excludes one-time items, increased 27%, resulting in non-GAAP diluted earnings per share of $1.68. This growth was broad-based across wholesale and D2C channels, led by the U.S., our largest market.
The quality of this growth is outstanding, with 280 basis points of non-GAAP gross margin expansion, 230 basis points of non-GAAP operating margin improvement. For the full year, non-GAAP sales increased 12%, non-GAAP diluted earnings per share increased 35% to $4.01. On a reported basis, our wholesale sales were up 8% globally for the year.
Considering the negative impact that bankruptcies and store closures had on wholesale trends in the U.S. and various international markets in recent years, we're gratified to see this important channel generate healthy growth in 2018. Our global D2C sales increased 22% in 2018, now represent 42% of total net sales, up from 40% in the prior year.
E-commerce, which was up over 20% versus the prior year, grew to 11% of total net sales. Looking at the year ahead, we are clearly entering 2019 in a position of strength. Our record 2018 results will create challenging comparisons, especially considering our planned investments, increasing global economic uncertainty, unresolved trade issues.
We are mindful of these factors as we plan 2019, given our business momentum, financial benefits from Project CONNECT, our fortress balance sheet, we believe we'll be able to continue our profitable growth trajectory while making substantial investments in the business. These investments will include higher demand creation spending, including wholesale point-of-sale marketing to elevate our unique brand portfolio, as well as investments in our global D2C business, information technology, supply chain capabilities.
We believe the path we are on will enable continued market share capture across our brand portfolio, geographic regions, fuel long-term margin improvement. Regionally, U.S. sales grew 20% in the quarter, driven by low 20% growth in D2C, high teens growth in wholesale, reflecting strong execution and a shift in timing of fall 2018 shipments. Q4 was also aided by colder weather here in the U.S. and a healthy retail backdrop.
In our D2C business, brick-and-mortar store productivity gains, e-commerce growth, and margin performance all exceeded our expectations. During the Q4, e-commerce sales were up high 20%, reflecting the strength of our brand portfolio. For the year, U.S. sales grew 14%, led by high teens D2C performance and high single-digit growth in our wholesale business.
For my review of international markets, I will reference non-GAAP constant currency growth rates after adjusting for new revenue accounting standards, which we believe best reflects underlying business trends. In 2018, our international sales grew 8%. In the quarter, sales outside of the U.S. grew 12%, led by growth across Canada, Europe direct, Korea, China, and Japan. Canada posted its best quarterly growth of the year, up 26%, while Europe direct momentum continued with mid-teens percent growth for the quarter and the year.
We're encouraged to see that Korea, which has been a difficult market in recent years, generated low double-digit growth in the quarter, helping to propel low single-digit growth for the full year. While the Korean market remains highly competitive, we're encouraged to see sales turn positive in 2018 and expect continued growth in 2019. Japan's steady growth trajectory continues with mid-single digit growth in the quarter and high single digit growth for the year.
Our international distributor business was up low single digit in the quarter and the year led by our EMEA distributors. Our diversified portfolio of over 25 distributors across more than 60 markets remains a profitable growth engine that mitigates risk while extending the brand's portfolio's reach beyond our core markets. We closed our China JV buyout in January of this year and also welcomed John Soh as our new China GM, who starts later this month.
In the quarter, our China business was up high single digit percent, largely reflecting significantly lower sales provisions related to dealer transitions compared to the prior year. Even though China's economy appears to be decelerating, it remains one of the fastest-growing markets globally and represents one of Columbia's largest regional growth opportunities.
Over our company's long history, we have proven that the ability to generate long-term growth irrespective of economic cycles. That said, we believe the combination of a changing retail environment, heightened brand competition, and economic uncertainties will weigh on our performance in the current year. We currently forecast China, which represented 6% of total sales in 2018, to be down low single digit percent for 2019.
To help address the current softness and changes in the marketplace, we will continue to invest in our in-store experience with store fixture upgrades and full store renovations, as well as launch a new casual outdoor lifestyle format that is well aligned with current consumer trends. We look forward to sharing additional updates to our China strategy as John Soh puts his stamp on the business.
Turning to margin performance. Q4 consolidated non-GAAP gross margin was up 280 basis points to 50.7%, driven by higher product margins in our U.S. D2C business, favorable full price sales mix, and foreign currency hedge rates and higher D2C sales mix. For the year, non-GAAP gross margin improved 170 basis points, driven by favorable product margins in our D2C business, improved full price sales mix, higher D2C sales mix, and favorable foreign currency hedge rates.
In 2019, we expect Project CONNECT benefits to yield further gross margin improvement, which I will discuss in our financial outlook later in the call. On the SG&A front, our spending accelerated as expected in the Q4, growing 17% compared to last year on a non-GAAP basis. As a percent of sales, non-GAAP SG&A increased 50 basis points, with the biggest drivers of SG&A growth being investments to support our expanding D2C operations, higher demand creation, and incentive compensation expenses.
For the full year, non-GAAP SG&A as a percent of sales improved by 10 basis points to 36.2%, compared to 36.3% in the prior year. This is inclusive of a 40 basis point increase in demand creation, which rose to 5.4% of sales, as well as investments related to our Europe SAP implementation and C1 and X1 technology initiatives. That should yield financial benefits for years to come.
Based on the heightened level of investment we intend to make in 2019, we expect SG&A will deleverage, which I will discuss in more detail later in the call. Non-GAAP operating margin improved 230 basis points to 17.2% in the quarter, and improved 180 basis points to 13.1% for the full year. I will now review our performance by brand on a reported basis. Looking at the Columbia brand globally, sales increased 21% in the quarter and 15% for the full year.
This growth was achieved via strong D2C performance and wholesale growth that clearly demonstrates we continue to gain market share. From a category perspective, both footwear and apparel were up double digits in 2018. On the product front, Columbia's new winter technology, Omni-Heat 3D, won GearJunkie's prestigious Gear of the Year award.
We're pleased with the sales performance of this new technology within outerwear, which was sold exclusively in our Titanium line. We will be cascading it into more styles for 2019. Columbia's fall 2018 collaborations with Kith and Opening Ceremony continued to appeal to young urban consumers and earned high marks from several media outlets, including Esquire, Refinery29, and Vogue. For our Star Wars collection, the Empire Crew Jacket struck a chord with Columbia and Star Wars fans alike.
The limited edition jacket sold out within minutes online and drove significant traffic to our retail locations in the U.S. and abroad. Several key media outlets covered the launch, including The Wall Street Journal, Esquire, Good Morning America, and Fox Business News. Globally, the Star Wars campaign generated over 450 million earned media impressions.
Our HeatSeal outerwear collection will be an important global product story in 2019, and we will be investing in marketing to increase consumer awareness and to drive demand. We will also have broader assortments of newer technologies like Omni-Shade Sun Deflector this spring and Omni-Heat 3D in the fall. Shifting to brand marketing, our investments in demand creation are amplifying these product innovations and brand stories.
In 2018, we executed two key city attack plans. Houston early in the year and Chicago this past holiday. In Houston, we saw PFG footwear sales more than double compared to the prior season, and we are also encouraged by the broad-based sales lift experienced in Chicago as a result of this focused marketing effort. We will continue to deploy key city attack plans in 2019 to drive growth across key wholesale partners, as well as our own D2C stores and columbia.com.
Many of our partners outside of the U.S. joined us in celebrating our Columbia brand heritage and 80th anniversary celebration across Asia, Europe, and distributor markets with in-store media and special events. I would also like to recognize a few Columbia-sponsored athletes and friends of the brand for their recent accomplishments. Congratulations to Cassie Sharpe and Alex Ferreira, who won gold in women's and men's super pipe at the recent 2019 X Games.
Congratulations to Columbia Montrail athlete Shen Jiasheng, who just won the 2019 Hong Kong 100 Ultra Trail Race. Shen will be participating in the 2019 UTMB, a Columbia-sponsored, globally renowned trail running event this August in Chamonix, France. We wish him all the best in Chamonix. Further highlighting our relevance to the trail running community, Columbia's Montrail's latest trail running film, "Bucket List FKT," won the Trail Running Film Festival's Best Short Film award.
Congratulations to country singer Luke Combs, who won New Artist of the Year at this fall's CMA Awards. True to form, Luke accepted one of country music's most prestigious awards wearing his signature black PFG Bahama shirt. From a category perspective, our Columbia brand growth was balanced during the quarter and the year. In outerwear, our women's Heavenly jacket was a best-seller, experiencing excellent sell-through in both wholesale and D2C.
In footwear, popular styles like Newton Ridge, Fairbanks, Ice Maiden, and Minx were standouts for our winter line, and we look forward to continuing the momentum we saw in PFG's footwear for spring in 2019. We have long said footwear could be our largest category, and we are investing in the people and resources required to realize that goal.
We recently announced the hiring of Peter Ruppe to head our Columbia brand footwear team, and we are eager to unlock our full potential in this $30 billion+ global category. This newly formed team's first platform innovation, called SH/FT, takes the best in athletic performance and style and adds the outdoor functionality the Columbia brand is famous for. This new line will come to market in fall 2019, and you can expect even more new footwear innovations and product stories in 2020 and beyond.
SOREL sales were up 11% in the quarter and 14% for the year, reflecting healthy growth across wholesale and D2C channels. Under Mark Nenow's leadership, SOREL is proving its ability to extend beyond the core winter boot category. During the quarter, SOREL experienced high demand for fall styles like the Joan of Arctic Wedge and winter fashion styles like the Explorer Joan and Out 'N About Plus.
SOREL's Kinetic sneaker exemplifies the brand's potential to expand beyond winter. We are excited to launch several new Kinetic styles for spring 2019, and demand creation is also a focus for SOREL. During the quarter, SOREL executed a key city attack plan in New York City with out-of-home, in-store, and digital advertisements, helping to drive strong sell-through in one of the most important trend-setting markets in the world.
In 2019, we will further invest in demand creation to build on this momentum, and based on the order book, we are planning double-digit % growth for the SOREL brand. At prAna, sales grew 21% in the quarter, reflecting healthy full price e-commerce and U.S. wholesale growth. Men's lifestyle, women's yoga, holiday product capsules, and the new Cardiff collection all performed well in the quarter. For the year, prAna generated record sales up 11%.
In 2019, we remain committed to investing in prAna's demand creation spending to grow brand awareness, and we're eager to share the brand's focus on clothing for a positive change with consumers. We're forecasting another year of profitable growth for prAna in 2019. 2018 was a transition year for Mountain Hardwear and established the foundation for profitable growth going forward.
Under Joe Vernachio's leadership, the brand has reinvigorated its product engine, increased full price sales mix, and refocused marketing to enhance brand content and point of sale presentation. It's clear consumers respond when the brand delivers innovative products such as the iconic Ghost Whisperer and popular Stretchdown outerwear line. We plan to build on these successes in the years ahead. With clean inventory and a healthy order book, the brand is poised to deliver double-digit percent growth in 2019.
Mountain Hardwear's recovery will be product driven. Our wholesale partners are excited about the 2019 product lineup. For the quarter, sales were down 8%, primarily reflecting lower closeout sales compared to the prior year, as well as the brand's 2017 decision to exit the Korean market. For the year, sales were down 12%. I will now quickly review our balance sheet and cash utilization.
Total inventory exiting the quarter was up 14% to $522 million, or 20%, excluding the impact of balance sheet reclassification related to the new revenue accounting standard. This is in line with the outlook we provided on the last call. Primarily reflects earlier receipts of spring 2019 product to alleviate manufacturing capacity constraints and drive cost efficiencies. We're comfortable with the quality and the aging of current inventory.
Given the earlier receipts of fall 2019 product, we expect inventory growth will significantly exceed sales growth in the first half of 2019. Our balance sheet remains extremely strong, with cash balances of over $700 million exiting the Q4. We continue to have no long-term debt. During 2018, the company repurchased 2.3 million shares of common stock for $202 million and paid $63 million in shareholder dividends.
Our board of directors has approved an additional $200 million share repurchase authorization, which is in addition to the approximately 130 million currently remaining under the current stock repurchase authorization. I'd like to now provide some details regarding our 2019 financial outlook. All figures discussed will be GAAP unless otherwise noted. Our 2019 outlook anticipates 6%-8% sales growth with contributions from all brands and all four geographic regions.
We expect the financial benefits of Project CONNECT to be clearly evident in our gross margin performance, which we expect to improve by approximately 70 basis points in the year, on top of 170 basis points of non-GAAP gross margin improvement in 2018. Given the elevated level of investments that I will discuss next, operating margin is forecasted to contract modestly to the range of 12.4%-12.6%.
While our initial 2019 financial outlook does contemplate slight operating margin contraction, we believe reinvesting Project CONNECT value capture back into the business is critical to improve operating capabilities that will enable long-term sustainable, profitable growth. It's important to note that while our initial operating margin outlook is below 2018 record performance, it is 120 basis points above 2017 non-GAAP performance and 390 basis points higher than five years ago.
Diluted earnings per share is expected to be in the range of $4.30- $4.45. Given the moving parts within our outlook, as well as the investments we are making as a brand-led, consumer-focused company to adapt to the retail landscape, I want to spend some time on what we are investing in and how it will benefit shareholders over the long term.
First, we remain committed to investing in demand creation. The results were evident in 2018, and we expect demand creation to increase in 2019 to approximately 5.5% as a percent of sales. We believe investing in demand creation to tell our unique brand stories has a high return on investment and is vital to growing the brand awareness and continuing to propel our sales momentum.
On the technology front, our Consumer-First, or C1 strategic initiative, is intended to enable us to deliver a more personalized, seamless experience for consumers across our global retail operations and includes a new retail ERP platform, as well as loyalty, order management, and point-of-sale systems. Experience First, or X1, will create a mobile first architecture designed to enhance the mobile consumer experience.
This encompasses a re-implementation of our e-commerce platform to improve search, browsing, checkout, loyalty, and customer care experiences for mobile shoppers. Once completed, X1 will be integrated with C1 across all of our brands. While we are continuing to work towards 2019 implementations of C1 and X1, we may shift that timeline to ensure completeness of each system and to align timing of go live with our retail calendar and store rollout plan.
We do not currently anticipate that changes in the timeline would have a material impact on the financial outlook we are providing today. We are also making strategic investments across our supply chain to enable growth, improve productivity, enhance service levels, and add capacity through our distribution and fulfillment networks.
It's important to note that our investments in the business will also be evident in capital expenditures, which are expected to be between $130 million and $135 million in 2019, compared to $66 million in 2018. This increase reflects continued investment in our D2C business, facilities expansion, technology platforms, and supply chain capabilities, and emphasizes our confidence in the future of our business.
As you can see, 2019 will be a busy year for Columbia Sportswear as we continue to invest in our four strategic priorities, which remain: drive global brand awareness and sales growth through increased focused demand creation investments; enhance consumer experience and digital capabilities for all of our channels and geographies; expand and improve global direct-to-consumer operations with supporting processes and systems; and invest in our people and optimize our organization across our portfolio of brands.
In summary, we remain committed to investing in our strategic priorities to drive long-term sales growth and operating margin expansion. We'll now answer your questions for the remainder of the hour. Operator, if you could help us with that.
Thank you. At this time, we'll be conducting a question- and- answer session. If you would like to ask a question, please press star one on your telephone keypad. A confirmation tone will indicate your line is in the question queue. You may press star two if you would like to remove your question from the queue.
For participants using speaker equipment, it may be necessary to pick up your handset before pressing the star keys. One moment, please, while we poll for questions. Our first question comes from the line of Bob Drbul with Guggenheim Securities. Please proceed with your question.
Hi. Good afternoon.
Hey, Bob.
Bob, Tim. I have a couple questions. I think the first one, on the demand creation spend, you're taking it up in 2019. I was just wondering, with your 2019 outlook, do you have another marketing campaign ready to go if the government shuts down again to follow up on the Make America's Parks Open Again campaign?
We can definitely put one together quickly. Our expectation is that the government will not shut down. If they do, we'll be ready for them.
All right. I was just wondering, you guys did the Chicago campaign. I was wondering if you had any learnings from that or, as you think about this year, what other markets you have in mind.
Certainly. We learned both from the Houston attack plan and the Chicago plan that basically these highly focused emphasis on certain markets can really pay big dividends. For 2019, we've chosen New York City and Denver to really focus our attention on, we expect that those markets will get much heavier exposure to the brand. We're also connecting with our wholesale partners in those markets to make sure that we have great presentations of our products in the stores when the heavier period is happening.
Got it. Okay. Just a couple of quick ones. Tim, I was just wondering, now with Peter Ruppe on board, just wondering if you could give us some updated thoughts and targets around the footwear business and where you see that going over the next few years.
Talking about the next few years, I've been talking since the company went public in 1998 about the opportunity and our success in footwear, and we haven't really shown that we've been able to do that, although footwear is now about 20% of our company's total revenues when you combine SOREL and the Columbia brand. Frankly, Peter's focus is exclusively on the Columbia brand.
Our expectation is that we'll finally now be able to get the true return on that promise. Doubling the footwear business from a Columbia standpoint is not beyond the realm of possibility. As you know, covering some of these large footwear businesses, that can happen quickly if we have the right merchandise.
We've shown a number of our customers this SH/FT product, and there's been great results from the customer rave reviews. We have to wait for the sell-through to really confirm that we've got the right approach. Frankly, I think this is going to be a significant milestone in the company's history when we talk about footwear and getting the opportunity well underway.
Got it. One last one, if I could. Are you going to have enough inventory in the Pacific Northwest for the storm coming to you guys this weekend?
I hope not. We have inventory. We always should be able to find some, but it'd be better if there were more people in the Pacific Northwest.
All right. Good luck. Thanks very much. Congratulations on a great year, guys.
Thank you.
Our next question comes from the line of Laurent Vasilescu with the Macquarie Group. Please proceed with your question.
Hello. Good afternoon. Thanks for taking my question, and congrats on really unbelievable results here. I wanted to ask about the direct-to-consumer business. I think for FY 2018, it was about 43% of your overall sales. How do we think about that as a percentage of sales for FY 2019? Or maybe asked a different way, how should we think about the growth rate of D2C and wholesale for the overall year?
Yeah. Laurent, I'll jump in here for a minute. Globally, just one quick correction, the D2C business was about 42% of our global business off of 40% last year. Certainly outpacing it. Included within the outlook, you can dig back into my CFO commentary, we haven't provided specific, an outlook with regard to global D2C on a go-forward basis.
Having said that, we have provided our initial outlook from a U.S. D2C perspective, in which we believe that'll grow at a low double-digit rate. Within my gross margin outlook, again, sales mix with the retail business continuing to outpace the wholesale business is going to help provide a little bit of a margin tailwind.
Yeah, Laurent. We still consider ourselves to be primarily a wholesale business, and that's where our focus has been, although the D2C business really solidifies and confirms the power of the brand, which is great for us. Over time, though, as our footwear business grows, that will almost be exclusively a wholesale business. The expectation is that over time, this may be the highest penetration of D2C, certainly in North America.
Okay. Very helpful. If you hypothetically beat your initial FY 2019 top-line guidance, are there any additional investments that you're planning for the out years that could potentially be moved up to FY 2019? Should we think about the potential top-line beat as a flow-through to the bottom line?
Well, we can always pull the demand creation lever. We talked about moving up to 5.5%, which we consider to be a significant improvement over prior periods. Frankly, we're not spending as much as we should be spending. Now, we're spending that 5.5% much more efficiently than we have in the past, just based on the digital approach to marketing. We would likely make further investments in demand creation ahead of other investments.
Okay. Very helpful. Last question here. In terms of brands, how do we think about the revenue growth for the individual brands? Should we think about some of the most recent results as proxies for this year?
Not necessarily, Laurent. From an overarching standpoint, when we look at our 2019 outlook, I would describe the revenue growth is going to be fairly broad-based across the brand portfolio. Within the emerging brands, in particular, SOREL, we continue to see a lot of momentum behind that brand and anticipate a growth rate well into double digits.
As Tim's prepared remarks have indicated, we do see a recovery in the Mountain Hardwear business, and we are anticipating seeing a double-digit rate of growth out of the Mountain Hardwear business at this time, which is exciting. Across each of Columbia and prAna, more of a mid-single digit rate of growth from each of those two brands.
That's great. Thank you very much, and best of luck.
Thanks.
Our next question comes from the line of Jonathan Komp with Robert W. Baird & Co. Please proceed with your question.
Hi, thank you. I wanted to follow up on the Columbia brand, and maybe first just ask, as you look forward to 2019, if you have any current reads on ordering trends and just the appetite from your retail partners. I have a follow-up on Columbia.
Okay. Certainly. Well, as you know, for spring 2019, obviously, we've had our order book in hand for quite some time. As it relates to the fall order book, I would say we're 75%-80% of the way booked against our plan for fall. We have a high degree of confidence in the numbers we're giving you today. We monitor, in the U.S., about 85% of the progress of our wholesale partners with our products. We have a number of opportunities to stay connected with the sell-through, et cetera, on our retailers.
Okay, great. As a follow-up there, I know there's a couple references in the CFO commentary, but any more color on what you're assuming for Columbia in terms of how much was over-delivery in 2018 that creates a tougher sales and margin compare for 2019? Just hoping to get a little color there in what you're assuming.
Yeah, Jon. I think certainly the biggest challenge in there is going to be the retail performance. The productivity that we saw, both in the stores and from an e-commerce perspective, was really quite outstanding throughout the quarter. Certainly as we get into the latter part of this year, that's where we've taken our historical approach with regard to how we've planned the business from more of a normalized perspective in how we've done that.
Obviously, there are those comps that'll be challenging as we get out to the latter part of the year. Specifically, as it relates to the wholesale business, we did have a little bit of a shift in the timing of deliveries on the wholesale business between the Q3 and Q4s. I think 90 days ago, I indicated that was about a $10 million shift.
Given the order conversion, we saw excellent order conversion throughout the quarter, in terms of the reorders that we saw within the wholesale business, as well as lighter cancellations and a replay of replenishment business was quite healthy. That $10 million shift ended up being probably twice that when you reflect the momentum that we had in the business throughout the quarter.
Yeah. Jon, I might just add that obviously in the Q4, we're shipping primarily winter merchandise. The liquidation on those products, especially in North America, based on the weather, has been exceptional. Our expectation is that the channel is going to be extremely clean. Again, we have a high degree of confidence in what we're talking about today.
Excellent. My last one was just on the Project CONNECT initiatives. I don't know if you could give more of a multi-year look into the benefits you expect. I guess I'm trying to understand, Tim, I know you highlighted operating margin will be up in 2019 quite a bit versus 2017. It still will be de-leveraging for the full year. I'm wondering if maybe beyond 2019, there's more of an opportunity to get the sales and margin benefits from the actions you're taking.
Certainly. Well, we have a bit of de-leverage against 2018, which was a spectacular year in almost any measure. I think we're committed, frankly, to keeping our marketing spend as high as possible. The expectation is that, while we always want to have incremental improvements in our operating margin performance, we're mindful of the fact that we need to make sure that we've got the right amount of voice in the marketplace, keeping our demand up, and that's where we're likely to be maybe over-emphasizing the spend.
Jon, I'd add, as it relates to the financial benefits themselves from a Project CONNECT standpoint. Certainly, when we reflect on our 2018 results, we began to see a meaningful level of financial value capture from Project CONNECT, both from a top-line perspective with some of our commercial-based initiatives that impacted our retail business, as well as some cost savings as it relates to the SG&A side.
Certainly, as we look forward to 2019 and what's embedded in the outlook, we continue to have confidence in terms of the financial value capture of Project CONNECT in 2019. I think the most significant area of which you're going to see that is in our gross margin. While gross margin's up 70 basis points, keep in mind that's on top of the 170 basis points that we delivered this year.
We've got the challenging comp as we go into the Q4 next year. The Project CONNECT benefits that are embedded in that outlook are really quite substantial. They're greater than the overall improvement in our growth margin for the year. I think, beyond 2019, the bulk of the benefits that we see from a Project CONNECT standpoint would be in 2019. Those, of course, carry forward, and we would expect some degree of incremental benefit beyond that.
Okay, great. That's really helpful. Thank you.
Our next question comes from the line of Camilo Lyon with Canaccord Genuity. Please proceed with your question.
Thank you. Good afternoon, everyone. Very nice to have on the quarter. Congrats. I guess within the same context of the last question, with respect to gross margin, you had a fantastic quarter. Everything came together. Other brands have spoken of similar benefits, and have certainly put up results that reflect that.
Could you help us parse out, of this 280 basis points that you delivered in the Q4, how much of that was really something that was weather driven versus the Project CONNECT or more structural benefits that you're implementing into the business?
Are we to think that the 70 basis points of margin for next year are truly just reflective of the structural changes that you're embedding into the business, or is there some expectation that the addition of the benefits that you experienced this quarter probably aren't at least in the plan until you get closer to the season for next year?
Well, certainly the Project CONNECT related benefits that we expect in gross margin, which by and large relate to a combination of the design to value work that we've done and previously spoken of, as well as the work we've done from a SKU rationalization perspective. Those don't really kick in until our spring 2019 season. Effectively, what you're seeing, that's driving the gross margin benefit in our Q4 is a favorable selling environment.
When you look at the combination of having favorable weather for most of the quarter, I think a positive backdrop, obviously, from an economic and from a consumer perspective, that really aided the margins that we saw in our business. I think both from a retail perspective, in which we were far less promotional than what we would normally be.
Also in the case of the wholesale business, where our relative mix of full price sales relative to closeout was much more skewed to the full price side. In how we plan the margins this year, it's on a more of a normalized basis, knowing that we had some of those favorable comps with the performance that we achieved in the Q4.
Great. That 70 basis points for 2019 is more structural, benefits with none of these incremental benefits that you experienced in Q4 planned. Is that the right way to think about?
That's exactly right. Yeah. In fact, the structural benefits are even greater than that 70 basis points, as I was mentioning earlier.
Okay. What would be the offsets to that to get you to 70 basis points?
Well, the offset is effectively the more difficult comp is we've normalized our expectations around what we would experience from a promotional standpoint, particularly in the B2C business in the Q4. That'd be the single biggest thing that's really a factor in there.
Got it. Okay, perfect. Shifting gears a little bit to the expense picture, fully on board with the need to continue to invest in demand creation and all the initiatives that you have. Could you help us a little bit with the cadence? I think you alluded to the cadence in the CFO commentary.
How should we think about that, if you could just refresh that. With respect to maybe longer term expectations on what you need to see, to begin to leverage some of those investments, whether it's a certain level of sales, or what have you, where you may pull back on that percentage. Are you reaching a certain level of dollars of marketing investments that you're comfortable maintaining at that pace? How do we think about the leverage component starting to kind of flow through to the bottom line in the out years?
Okay. Yeah. Let me start with the first piece there as it relates to the cadence. As you've seen, I mean, throughout the year, we've steadily made investments in 2018 that have brought our rate of SG&A growth up from a mid-single digit level to where we exit the year on a non-GAAP basis in the 17+% range.
That elevated level effectively where we're at exiting the year, and I would fully expect to be at an elevated level through the first half of the year as we anniversary many of those investments. Certainly, our expectation and as Tim has pointed out, I mean, given some of the economic uncertainty and other geopolitical tensions that, as we get to the latter part of this year, we'd like to see our SG&A growth come back down in line with our full year sales growth.
While at the same time, it is important to continue investing in the strategic priorities that we've outlined as a business. I think on a longer term basis, we're absolutely committed to what we've indicated in the past in terms of continuing to drive towards sustainable, profitable growth and as a part of that would equate to achieving some degree of SG&A leverage in there as well.
Okay. Fantastic. Just finally, I had that piece right about how you quantified the wholesale timing of the deliveries. Initially, you thought it was going to be $10 million, because of more favorable conditions, more reorders, less cancellations, lower liquidations, that $10 million turned into $20 million. Is that the right way to-
Yep. Yeah, that's the way we're looking at it. A lot of that's just really driven by the favorable selling and what we experienced from a net reorder and replenishment perspective.
Okay. That wasn't really a shift. That was just better business conditions and better execution.
Yeah. I mean, shift's hard to do, right? We're looking at the full season in terms of proportionally what we ship in the Q3 and the Q4. It gets a little bit co-mingled once you start looking at shifts relative to at once business and so forth.
The shift is really $10 million.
It really depends on which way you look at it, Camilo. Yeah.
Okay. Got it. Thank you so much. Take care.
As a reminder, if you would like to ask a question, please press star one on your telephone keypad. Please limit to one question and one follow-up question in order to get to everyone's question. Our next question comes from the line of John Kernan with Cowen and Company. Please proceed with your question.
Good afternoon, guys, and congrats on just a wonderful 2018.
Thanks.
Tim, can you talk about what enabled you to outperform your Q4 guidance and expectations so much, particularly in the Columbia brand? Just any color there. I mean, there was a lot of upside to the initial outlook and even the upside even accelerated relative to your outlook for the Q4. Just wondering what really drove just tremendous performance relative to the outlook for the Q4.
Well, thanks. We really focused for several seasons and several years on improving our product, our mix Focusing on those areas of the business where we had points of differentiation that we could talk to at some length. All that supercharged by terrific marketing, where we were able to focus our marketing efforts in a bigger way, geographically and with some digital assets. Then, we'd love to say we did it without weather was certainly a tailwind for us.
Yeah, I'd just add to that. When you step back and look regionally where we saw that improvement and our top line came in a good nearly $50 million better than the outlook that we provided back in October. The lion's share of that was effectively the North America market.
We saw pretty balanced growth between both the D2C business and the wholesale business outperforming throughout the quarter that drove that. A lot of that ties back to the weather and the economics out of it. The other piece I would add here as well is our European business had a solid Q4 as well and delivered stronger than expected results.
Got it. The Key City attack program that you used in New York City, I know you had an event in Houston and Chicago as well, and I think PFG is one of the brands you've used within those activations. Can you just give us some numbers around PFG? The growth has been exponential that you've talked to on the call, and it feels like the brand's at a real inflection point. Any color around PFG-
Well, I guess-
-potential here.
I guess the most exciting part of our PFG business, which is in the range of $150 million from an apparel perspective, is the power of the brand in footwear. If there was anything that we learned from the Houston attack, it was really that consumers want to buy footwear with PFG performance and branding on it. That really gives us a lot of confidence that we could have a very significant spring and summer business around PFG and footwear.
Excellent. Thanks, guys. I'll let somebody else jump in. Best of luck.
Thank you.
Our next question comes from the line of Jim Duffy with Stifel. Please proceed with your question.
Thank you, and good afternoon. Really nice year and outlook, guys. I know there's been a lot of hard work behind these results. Project CONNECT really yielding some nice unlock on the margins. A component of this is the D2C outgrowth. You've also realigned some of the sourcing. Jim, are there any working capital implications or implications for the cash cycle with Project CONNECT that we should consider?
Certainly, the average unit cost of the inventories that we're purchasing is going to be lower. Aside from commenting on that, Jim, then we've added some comments, obviously, to Tim's remarks and my CFO commentary just with regard to the flow from an inventory perspective.
Obviously, we're receiving spring 2019 inventory quite a bit earlier this year, which is really driving the lion's share of the inventory growth that we see at the end of the year. I would fully expect that from a fall 2019 perspective, we're expecting something similar barring getting complete visibility to the flow of those purchase orders. It's probably a like increase, as we get to the midpoint in 2019.
Okay, that's helpful. Thank you. With Project CONNECT, have you been able to make any progress on direct attribution of marketing or return on marketing spend since you have confidence to allocate dollars and improve the marketing yield?
Yeah, we can, especially in our e-commerce business. When we're able to go out and find consumers on these various categories of merchandise, we can be much more targeted, that's where the bulk of our spend is going to be enhanced.
Great. Thank you, guys.
Thanks, Jim.
Thank you.
Our next question comes from the line of Susan Anderson with B. Riley FBR. Please proceed with your question.
Hi, good evening. Let me add my congrats to just an amazing quarter and an amazing year. I guess I wanted to maybe follow up on some of the earlier questions. I was a little curious on just the sales growth in the quarter. How much more, I guess, was unit growth and what appeared to us to be pretty low promotional activity out there during the winter season so far, versus, I guess, higher prices or higher AUR growth as a result?
I think the lion's share of the growth, Susan, is going to be volume-based. There's some component to the degree. We're talking the D2C business with some of the lower promotions. By and large, I think our ASP has been relatively constant on a year-over-year basis.
Got it. Okay. That's helpful. Then maybe if you could just give some more color around China and you talked about it earlier on the call and the macro environment over there and just, I guess, the pressure that you're expecting and kind of how long you expect that to persist for.
Certainly. Well, as we've looked at our competitors and their results and announcements, we realize that we're underperforming there. This is an area where we've said many times, this is the largest geographic area from a revenue standpoint that the company has in its distribution .
We made changes in the general management of the company there, and we're focusing on improving the look and feel of the stores, refreshing the stores, and I think that we'll see quick results from the change in management and the improvement in the store look and feel.
Frankly, we've shown, and I might point out, Europe as an area where the company underperformed for many, many years, and we realized once we got the right people in place, that we can be very successful there. My expectation is that that business will come around quickly. As I said, I think it can be one of the largest geographies for the company over the long term.
Great. That's helpful. I guess if I could throw one more in just on the increased investment in demand creation, I guess, is this new level kind of something that you expect to be more normalized as we look out over the next three to five years?
If we look across our competitive set globally, some of our competitors are north of 10% of sales, in demand creation. While we don't think we have to go that high for our business, but we know we need to spend more, and we need to spend it incredibly efficiently. My goal is to increase our demand creation spend over time. That'll depend on other priorities of investment, such as we've talked about today. The plan is to continue to improve that and increase it.
Great. That's helpful. Well, nice job again. Good luck for 2019.
Thank you.
Looks like we're having a technical difficulty here. We're waiting for the operator, but should be fixed shortly.
Our next question comes from the line of Rick Patel with Needham & Company. Please proceed with your question.
Hey, guys. Congrats on a terrific year. Can you talk about what your mix of sales were between wholesale and D2C at the end of the year? I know historically you've considered the company to be primarily a wholesaler, but given the strong progress you're seeing and investments you're making in D2C, I'm curious about how high you see this penetration ultimately going. Is there anything to call out in terms of brands as we think about where the opportunities to improve D2C penetration can go?
Yeah, I think specifically as we look at the U.S. wholesale business, because I've got some of that detail in front of me. Certainly, the U.S. retail business in the Q4. The business is gonna skew a lot more that direction just given the volume of business that we do at that point in time.
The wholesale business, keep in mind, we ship in a lot of our fall/winter product in the Q3. There's still some to come, and reorders obviously in the Q4. We do see the business skew to the retail side in the Q4. To provide specifics around that, we haven't done that historically, and that'd be probably keep it that way for the time being.
I have a follow-up to the earlier question on China. It sounds like you're tempering expectations for that market in 2019, but your Q4 sales were up. I'm curious, does this reflect softness that you're seeing in the new quarter, or is this conservatism? Now that you have full ownership of your operations in this market, any updated thoughts on the strategy as we think about the next year?
Rick, couple comments on that. The Q3 you'll recall our China business was down a low double-digit percent. The Q4 with the reported local currency-based growth or constant currency growth of 8% in the comment that we provided.
A lot of the growth that we're seeing there is year-over-year comparative shifts in sales provisions with a couple of dealers that we've transitioned out. If you adjust for the impact of those two transitions, one in the Q4 this year and one in the Q4 last year, our business in China, in Q4 that we've just come through of 2018, was up a low single-digit percent. We're certainly seeing some softness there.
As Tim touched on, we're committed to making the right demand creation investments and getting the right team and whatnot aboard with John coming aboard with us in the next month here and excited about getting after that business.
Thanks very much.
Our next question comes from the line of Mitch Kummetz with Pivotal Research. Please proceed with your question.
Yes, thanks for taking my questions. Tim, you mentioned Korea that was up low doubles in the quarter. I know that was a challenging market for you guys a while back. Is there any way to say how big that business is for you, and then is there anything you can put your finger on as to why that's now returned to growth?
Yeah. I'll have Jim speak to the specifics on the size of the business. Frankly, we went through a painful period there rightsizing the inventory investment and getting ourselves back to a profitable, contributing position for that market. I would say that the market is down from its peak.
If you remember, I think we almost had 30 or 35 international competitors in that market at the peak of the outdoor boom in Korea. We've weeded out a lot of those competitors. Frankly, we're back now to a more solid business, although we don't expect it to become as large as it once was in the foreseeable future.
Yeah. Just to add there, the size of that Korea business, it's under 5% of global revenue. As Tim touched on, we are profitable in Korea, there's certainly room to leverage that business with growth in the coming year.
Got it. Just a quick couple on a follow-up just on the SG&A. I know that you expect to deleverage in 2019. Could incentive comp be a line item that you leverage just kind of based on where your plan is relative to what you guys just did this past year? On demand creation, I know you're talking about 5.5% of sales in 2019. Can you remind us what it was in 2018?
Yeah, certainly. The incentive comp, obviously with the year that we just had, that's really what's driving the incentive comp up for 2018. I would expect, barring having another banner year like we just put up, that incentive comp would be more normalized.
By the way, Mitch, I would hope that it's at the levels it is this year, frankly. I mean, the team has just done a spectacular job.
Yeah
We hope so.
On the demand creation, the percent this year, 2018?
The demand creation, we're at 5.4% this year, Mitch, against 5% last year. In the outlook that we provided for 2019, we're currently contemplating growing that to 5.5%.
Yep. All right. Okay, great. Thanks, guys.
Thank you. All right, well, I'm sorry we had-
Ladies and gentlemen, we have reached the end of the question and answer session. I would like to turn the call back to Tim Boyle, CEO, for closing remarks.
I'm sorry we had the technical difficulties with the call this time. We're certainly thrilled to be reporting the results we did today. We look forward to talking to you in about 90 days time.
This concludes today's conference. You may disconnect your lines at this time. Thank you for your participation.