Good day. Thank you for standing by. Welcome to Casella Waste Systems Incorporated's third quarter 2022 conference call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. After the speaker's presentation, there'll be a question-and-answer session. To ask a question during the session, you'll need to press star one one on your telephone. You will then hear an automated message advising your hand is raised. Please be advised that today's conference is being recorded. I would now like to hand the conference over to your speaker today, Charlie Wohlhuter, Director of Investor Relations. Please go ahead, sir.
Thank you, Norma, and thank you everyone for joining us this morning. With us today are John Casella, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Casella Waste Systems, Ned Coletta, our President and Chief Financial Officer, Jason Mead, our Senior Vice President of Finance and Treasurer, and Sean Steves, our Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of Solid Waste Operations. Today, we will be discussing our 2022 third quarter results. These results were released yesterday afternoon.
Along with a brief review of those results and an update on the company's activities and business environment, we will be answering your questions as well. First, I must remind everyone that various remarks that we may make about the company's future expectations, plans, and prospects constitute forward-looking statements for the purposes of the safe harbor provisions under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.
Actual results may differ materially from those indicated by these forward-looking statements as a result of various important factors, including those discussed in the Risk Factors section of our most recent annual report on Form 10-K, which is on file with the SEC. In addition, any forward-looking statements represent our views only as of today and should not be relied upon as representing our views as of any subsequent date.
While we may elect to update forward-looking statements at some point in the future, we specifically disclaim any obligation to do so even if our views change. These forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing our views as of any date subsequent to today. Also, during this call, we will be referring to Non-GAAP financial measures. These Non-GAAP measures are not prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
Reconciliation of the Non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measures, to the extent they are available without unreasonable effort, are available in the appendix to our investor slide presentation, which is available in the Investors section of our website at ir.casella.com under the heading Events and Presentations. With that, I will now turn it over to John Casella, who will begin today's discussion.
Thanks, Charlie. That's a hell of a debut. I know Joe is probably out there smiling, as he's listening. I'm sure he's listening to the call this morning as well. Good morning, everyone, and welcome to our third quarter 2022 conference call. This was another great quarter, and of course, I'm really proud of our overall performance. Strong operational execution, robust pro-pricing programs allowed us to outpace inflation, as well as the recent sharp decline in recycling commodity values. We have good momentum carrying into the balance of 2022 and looking ahead to 2023. We grew revenues by 22% year-over-year in the third quarter, while adjusted EBITDA grew by about 23% in the same period. Thus, we expanded margins, which is a notable accomplishment given the environment.
We expect year-over-year margin growth in the fourth quarter and for the full year. At the same time, we continue to drive adjusted free cash flow growth. We are on track to achieve our multi-year goal of 10%-15% adjusted free cash flow growth per year, which highlights not only our solid operating performance, but also our capital discipline and continued execution against our growth strategy. We have great balance between organic growth within our core business and inorganic growth through acquisitions. Roughly 50% of our revenue growth year-to-date has been driven by growth within the core business through new customer growth coupled with higher price and fuel recovery fees. The remaining 50% of revenue growth has been driven by acquisitions.
To date this year, we have closed on 13 acquisitions with approximately $48 million of annualized revenue, outpacing our target of $30 million. Our business model remains resilient, and we are performing well. From a risk mitigation perspective, we ended the quarter at our lowest leverage ever. Further, we fully offset the higher impact of fuel prices through our fuel cost recovery program and expect to do so for the full year. We also have innovative recycling risk mitigation programs that will help offset most of the headwinds we will see from the global recycling markets. Ned and I will cover more on this topic, but all in all, we are well-positioned. I'd like to provide a brief review of the execution against a few of our key strategies.
We remain focused on improving returns at our landfill, and the positive volume and pricing growth we posted in the quarter reflects our performance. Landfill tonnages were up 6% year-over-year in the quarter due to our strategically placed in-market position of our disposal assets, combined with great sales execution. Our expectation is volumes will remain positive as we close out the year. From a pricing perspective, improving the quality of revenue in our inbound streams is a major focal point. We measure this through our average landfill price per ton, which was up 8% in the quarter, helping us offset inflationary cost pressures and manage through heightened regulatory costs.
Aside from the operational and pricing programs we have in place, our first renewable gas project, which is expected to come online in the first quarter of 2023, provides a sustainable solution with a strong return profile. Moving to the collection business, we posted another strong quarter of year-over-year adjusted EBITDA growth and margin expansion above budgeted levels.
Our investment in return-driven technology solutions, along with our business process, enable us to be nimble and drive additional productivity and improve performance. We took fast action early this year to address the inflationary environment by resetting our budgeted pricing programs. In the quarter, collection price was up over 7%. In addition to positive pricing combating inflation, our fuel recovery fee program fully recovered higher fuel costs in the quarter.
From an operational perspective, Sean's work further deploying automated trucks and onboard computers across our fleet is also mitigating higher costs while driving improved margins. We are making return-driven investments across our collection fleet, and we see a runway of opportunity into the future. We believe these enhancements will continue to improve our safety profile, service, employee attraction and retention, sales growth, and operating efficiency. Next, on Resource Solutions. On Tuesday, we published our 2022 sustainability report highlighting our vision and the progress we are making to achieve our sustainability goals. This was a collaborative effort by many and demonstrates how sustainability is intertwined within all aspects of our business and strategy.
Our Resource Solutions segment is not only a key part of that focus, but a business segment that we continue to invest in as we aim to drive economical and environmentally balanced solutions for our customers. We're making technological upgrades at several of our recycling facilities. The early results are quite positive, with increased safety, throughput, and operating efficiencies.
The focus doesn't stop there. Customers continue to ask for ways to reduce their environmental footprint. In fact, I recently visited a large customer who was looking for solutions to reduce their Scope 3 emissions by driving higher recycling and materials management. This is just one example of a growing opportunity, and I believe we are very well-positioned to support this trend going forward while generating solid financial returns.
With regards to the recent performance of the recycling commodity prices, as you know, the team has done a fantastic job creating risk mitigation programs with the sustainability recycling adjustment fee. We implemented our SRA fee several years ago, and it shifts the vast majority of the recycling commodity price exposure to our customers. Finally, I'd like to highlight our capital allocation and growth strategy.
We continue to have success executing against our growth strategy through our disciplined approach, targeting strategic fit and follow-through on integration to achieve expected returns. Our pipeline remains robust, over $500 million in revenues of identified opportunities of our existing operating footprint. We're currently working on several acquisitions, currently have approximately $30 million of annualized revenues under LOI. Clearly, we have a great opportunity to continue to drive value by way of growing the business through acquisitions.
Wrap it up. I'm obviously very proud of the performance thus far in 2022 from our team's execution against our key strategies. Before I turn it over to Ned for more details on the financials, I'd like to take a moment to recognize our team's tireless dedication and commitment to our core values, which is apparent day in and day out.
They have weathered the worst of the pandemic and are working together to ensure exceptional service to our customers and the communities that we serve. In recognition of this, in early December, we're paying out a special bonus to our hourly employees as a thank you for contributing to the company's success. I'm exceptionally proud of the hard work and service of our entire team. With that, Ned, the floor is yours.
Thanks, John, and good morning, everyone. I'd like to start also by thanking our team for another great quarter. We beat our plan during the quarter and year-to-date, despite the challenging backdrop of the historically high inflation, rapidly rising fuel costs, and the significant drop in commodity prices. Our team, once again, did an amazing job accelerating cost efficiency programs to help moderate inflation, realigning our pricing plans to offset the heightened costs, and ensuring that eligible customers were on our fuel cost recovery program.
Further, as John mentioned, our recycling risk management programs worked as intended and have done a great job offsetting the significant decline in recycling commodity prices. This is a great testament to our ability to remain nimble in a dynamic economic environment. I believe that we are well-positioned to course-correct and execute in any environment at this point in time. Moving on to the quarter.
Revenues in the third quarter were $295.3 million, up $53.3 million or 22% year-over-year, with 8.5% of the year-over-year change driven by acquisition activity and 13.5% of the year-over-year change from organic growth. Solid waste revenues were up 20.4% year-over-year, with price up 6.6%, volumes up 2%, acquisition growth of 5%, and our fuel cost recovery fees up 6.4%. Revenues in the collection line of business were up 21.2% year-over-year, with price up 7.2% and volumes slightly up. Revenues in the disposal line of business were up 19% year-over-year, with price up 6% and volumes up 6.4%. Landfill pricing was up 5% year-over-year. However, this doesn't tell the full story.
Our average price per ton was up 8% as we continue to improve the mix at our sites. Landfill tons were up over 6% in the third quarter, and after a slow start to the year, are now up close to 3% year-to-date. Resource Solutions revenues were up 7% year-over-year, with 18.2% growth from acquisitions, 7.7% volume growth. Our processing fees and other prices up 12%, with all of this offsetting the lower commodity prices in the quarter. Our commodity prices were down roughly 37% year-over-year on lower cardboard and mixed paper pricing, lower metals pricing, and lower plastics pricing. In fact, commodity prices hit a high point back in April and have declined roughly 55% a ton from April through September, with weakness across all classes.
Adjusted EBITDA was $70 million in the quarter, up $13.8 million or 22.5% year-over-year, with $10.7 million of the growth driven by improvements in our base business and a little over $3 million derived from the rollover impact of acquisitions. Given our strong performance in 2022, as John said earlier, we accrued $1.2 million in the third quarter and plan to accrue another $1.2 million in the fourth quarter for a special one-time bonus for all of our hourly frontline and back office employees that have worked so hard to help us excel in this environment. We plan to pay this bonus out in early December. Adjusted EBITDA margins were 25.4% in the quarter, up 10 basis points year-over-year, a strong sequential improvement and exactly on plan for the quarter.
Once again, our pricing programs covered cost inflation in the quarter with solid waste price up 6.6%, offset by a 5.9% headwind from inflation, excluding fuel. Further margin bridging items include an 80 basis point improvement from general operational improvements and volume gains, a 50 basis point improvement from our fuel recovery program, net of higher fuel costs, a 75 basis point headwind from acquisitions, a 75 basis point headwind from recycling commodity prices, and roughly a 40 basis point headwind from the special bonus accrual. As fuel prices peaked and began to decline during the third quarter, our fuel cost recovery fees began to catch up, both with the cost and margin under recovery experienced during the first six months of the year.
Solid waste adjusted EBITDA was $67.1 million in the quarter, up $14.8 million year-over-year, with strength in both collection and disposal. Resource Solutions adjusted EBITDA was $7.8 million in the quarter, down $1.2 million year-over-year, with improvements in the industrial and organics operations offset by lower performance in the recycling margin.
Cost of operations in the quarter was up $36.4 million year-over-year, or up 84 basis points as a percentage of revenue, with most of the increase due to higher fuel costs and mix changes driven by acquisition activity. General and administrative costs in the quarter were up $3.4 million year-over-year, but down 120 basis points as a percentage of revenues as we continue to gain cost leverage on higher revenues.
Our efficiency programs and technology investments have also made a positive difference. As of September 30th, we had $596.8 million of debt, $47.9 million of cash, and liquidity of $319.7 million. Our consolidated net leverage ratio was 2.16 times. As John mentioned, that's a historically low level, and our average cash interest rate was approximately 3.3%. You like it. Our balance sheet is in great shape and positions us well to continue to grow while also providing stability in this rising interest rate environment, with fixed interest rates on approximately 73% of our debt and our next major debt maturity in January of 2025.
With our leverage now at 2.16x, we've reached the lowest pricing point on the grid for our senior secured credit facility, and our spread will drop to LIBOR plus 1.125%. Adjusted free cash flow was $81.7 million year-to-date, up $3.4 million year-over-year, with higher capital expenditures more than offset by higher net cash provided by operating activities. Mainly driven by improved operating performance, partially offset by negative changes in our assets and liabilities. As stated in our press release yesterday afternoon, we have increased our fiscal year 2022 revenue, net income, adjusted EBITDA, and net cash provided by operating activities guidance ranges and reaffirmed our adjusted free cash flow guidance range.
We increased our guidance ranges for the third time this year, mainly due to our stronger than planned pricing programs, continued execution against our operating efficiency initiatives, excellent cost offset from the mature fuel cost recovery fee, and the positive contribution from recent acquisitions. As part of our updated guidance ranges, we have contemplated that recycling commodity prices will decline another 20% from September through December, resulting in about a $2 million headwind in the fourth quarter.
We expect higher net cash provided by operating activities to be partially offset by higher capital expenditures for the year, including our continued investments in newly acquired operations, growth capital investments for new contracts and customers, additional investments to accelerate operating efficiencies, and just higher inflation on things we're buying. Our internal rate of inflation is currently running at roughly 5.8%-5.9%.
We expect to outpace this inflation, increase adjusted EBITDA margins by roughly 10 basis points for fiscal year 2022, with more significant year-over-year margin improvements in the fourth quarter. As we discussed last quarter, if our cost inflation increases further, we have great flexibility to advance additional price increases on roughly 70% of our collection book of business, and our floating fees are doing a great job mitigating risk. With that, I'll turn it back to the operator for questions. Thank you.
Thank you. As a reminder, to ask a question, you'll need to press star one on your telephone. Please wait for your name to be announced. Please stand by for our first question. Our first question comes from the line of Sean Eastman with KeyBank. Your line is now open.
Hi, team. Thanks for taking my questions and, compliments to the team on the quarter. Since I got in before Tyler here, I'll ask for the early look on the bridge to 2023 EBITDA, maybe just a preliminary thought on some of those key puts and takes just between recycling, you know, operating leverage, that would be great.
Great. Yeah, good morning, Sean. We haven't finished our budgeting for 2023, nor have we guided the year, but I think a lot of the building blocks that we expect to be in place for the fourth quarter really will roll into next year unless there's something unexpected. Right now, if you roll forward where recycling commodity prices are into next year, you know, we'll be looking at, for the full year, a $60-$70 a ton decrease, which would result in about a $4 million headwind to EBITDA next year from recycling. Our programs are working great, and doing a really nice job offsetting the headwinds. Some of our newly acquired customers and operations, of course, don't have our risk management programs in place, and something we'll look to advance.
On the pricing side, things are looking good there. We're putting together our pricing strategy for 2023, and we'll look to outpace inflation again next year. You know, more than likely look for pricing programs in excess of 6%, 6.5% for the year, depending on where inflation is. On the volume side, we don't see anything tailing off right now in our greater environment, both on the commercial side, the residential, the construction side, we just haven't seen any volume decline. We're looking, you know, into early next year to see a stable environment there unless something changes. We'll have more information on bridging items and, you know, guidance coming into next quarter.
Ned, maybe just to add one element there, just on the M&A rollover.
Oh, yeah, that's a great point.
Sean, as you know, we've completed 13 acquisitions this year with about $48 million in annualized revenues. We'll see about $12.5 million of revenue rollover next year related to those acquisitions, and a couple million dollars of EBITDA, which is typical. You know, 15%-20% EBITDA margins on those acquisitions. You know-
Yeah.
Typically we see lower margins first year post-acquisition until we get those acquisitions up to our consolidated margin levels as well.
Another data point, Jason, one more thing there is, you know, we'll end this year with about EBITDA margins up about 10 basis points, and I went through some bridging items earlier. We'll be exiting the year in Q4 with a little bit stronger margin advancement. We're up about 50-60 basis points in Q4. We'll look next year to get back onto a normal cadence of advancing margins, gains year-over-year, a little higher than 10 basis points, back to that 40-50 basis points.
Okay. A lot of helpful color in there. I'm just curious, within that 40-50, how much of that is sort of operating leverage on price-led growth versus, the operating efficiency gains, which you know seem to be, you know, gathering momentum, if anything?
Yeah. I mean, if you look at our quarter, there's always some one-time stuff in the numbers, so it's hard to separate both. We had great advancement of our core price ahead of our core inflation, and we had probably one of our best quarters from an operating efficiency standpoint. We beat on core price against inflation almost 70 basis points, and our operating programs delivered close to 80 basis points to the bottom line. Now, there are bridging items that worked against that, you know, helped them mute some of those gains. What we're seeing on the street and what we're seeing with our programs is really positive.
Okay, excellent. One last one. Just, you know, we've got a lot of things to find around the EBITDA walk, but maybe just rounding that out with free cash flow. Just, you know, CapEx seems a little more elevated. You know, other companies are talking about interest, tax elements. Anything to point out there?
Yeah. You know, I mentioned in my script that we've done a really nice job on the balance sheet and, you know, we have our lowest leverage rate ever as a company. Right now we've got 73% of our debt fixed, both through fixed positions and through interest rate swaps. You know, for a 100 basis point move in LIBOR or another rate that's similar, like SOFR, we'd expect roughly $1.6 million of higher interest costs. We are gonna see a little bit of a headwind there next year. On the tax side, our NOL position continues to serve us well and serve shareholders well, where we'll continue to offset the vast majority of federal taxes, and we'll see more and more state taxes coming in into 2023.
You're right, on the CapEx side we are a bit elevated, and I would say we're running about 5%-6% inflation on CapEx. The rest of the higher spend is really on good things. They're contracts we've won, they're on great investments to accelerate operating efficiencies and to continue to invest in acquisitions we've completed. You know, we'll give more color on that coming into next year, and you know, specific investments.
Also, you know, the work that Sean's doing from an automation standpoint, just taking opportunity to, you know, move that more aggressively.
Yes.
Okay, excellent. Thanks so much. I'll turn it over.
Thanks, Sean.
Thanks, Sean.
Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from Tyler Brown with Raymond James. Your line is now open.
Hey, good morning, guys.
Good morning, Tyler.
Morning, Tyler.
Hey. Hey, Jason, real quick on the M&A rollover. I think you said $12.5 million. How does that split between solid waste and resource solutions?
Yeah, good question. Thanks, Tyler. Of the $12.5 million, the split is roughly $5 million in resource solutions next year and $7.5 million in solid waste.
Okay. Thanks for the modeling help there. But I do wanna kinda go back to price a little bit. I noticed that if you look at your total solid waste pricing in the quarter, I think it was up 6.6%, but that was actually a slight deceleration from 6.9% last quarter. Frankly, it's a little bit different than what we saw at Waste Management and Republic Services, where Q3 actually accelerated. I'm just curious, there could be some mix in there, I'm not sure, but can you talk about any puts and takes there?
Yeah, you're right. We did see a little deceleration. We usually don't have a lot of CPI-linked contracts as a company, so I think maybe Waste and Republic, if they had June thirtieth resets, they probably saw some acceleration into Q3, whereas we have very few, you know, large muni contracts that are linked to CPI as a company, as you're well aware.
We got out of the gates fast in January, February, had some really strong pricing programs, did some course corrections through the spring, and then things kinda settled out through the summertime. As we finish budgeting over the next few weeks, we'll start to advance strategy for next year. I don't think it's atypical for us to have higher pricing earlier in the year and then see it come down a little bit through the year. This year, we saw price climb all the way to June and then start to decline a little bit in Q3. It's not that we're losing any price or seeing big rollbacks or anything like that, it's just the cadence of what we've done in the marketplace.
Right. I think the bigger, maybe bigger picture here, 'cause I think you mentioned it, you're still looking for something on the order of 6-6.5 next year. It's gonna be somewhat flattish, at least as we see it today. It's still hanging in there.
Yeah. I think we need to really get a good read on inflation. Our core internal inflation's running around 5.8-5.9% right now, which is the highest read we've had on that, and we might need to step that pricing up even a little bit more. We're working on that right now, and we'll have a better strategy in the next, you know, 4-6 weeks coming into next year. As you know, we have a great amount of flexibility through both our collection and our disposal book of business where we can, you know, course correct through our contracts. We don't have a lot of things that are just linked to fixed price increases.
Right. Okay. On volume, it may just be me, but I thought the volume was better than expected. Can you just talk a little bit about what drove that? Was that New York and Boston kinda coming back together? Was there a big project in there? Just anything unique?
Yeah, Tyler, there was nothing that was significant that we-
The one-timer in the quarter from a volume perspective. It was really just, you know, I think overall, we saw positive trends across the Northeast at many of our disposal sites. Year-over-year, frankly, that's what drove our solid waste volume up 2% in the quarter. Year-over-year was through disposal. Collection was a little bit flatter in the quarter from a volume perspective, which is okay and fine. We've advanced a lot of price and fees in this environment as appropriate with inflation. It was primarily landfills, Tyler, and we expect, you know, to kind of see that trend continue through the fourth quarter, barring any unforeseen, you know, weather in December, which is always a little bit TBD, right?
Right. Okay. No. That's a good point. Yeah, go ahead, Ned Coletta, sorry.
The commercial line of business had a lot of strength through the summer as well. It really was a bright spot in the collection line of business, which makes you feel good about the overall economic environment as well, Tyler.
Yeah. Just congrats on the balance sheet. I know that's a big pride point for John, and really for all of you. Congrats on that. I'm a little unclear. Do you think interest will be up next year, or will the rate moving down in the facility offset that? It feels like it's still gonna be a headwind next year, but I don't know what your general thoughts are there.
Yeah, it will. If I haven't done the calculation, but if we assume across the full year that LIBOR is up, say, 300 basis points or so, maybe that's not enough, but let's just assume 300 for the full average year, that would put us up $4.8 million of interest expense. Then moving against that, our reduction in the grid, which would take off, you know, really less than $1 million of that. You know, we could see some headwind next year. We're doing a lot to keep leverage low in the business and make smart decisions on where we invest money.
My last one, and this is more of a conceptual question around cost of capital and about capital access. I think you have $50 million of cash. I think you have plenty of liquidity through the facility. When you approach M&A, are you changing some of your assumptions around pricing on M&A? I mean, how are you contemplating this higher cost of capital? How are you thinking about financing future M&A? Is it mostly gonna be metered by just pure free cash flow or just any broad thoughts about that?
Yeah, all good questions. If you flash back a couple years ago when tax policy changed and our cost of capital really started to decline as an organization, we didn't change our internal hurdle rates as a group for either small M&A or a little bit larger M&A or internal investments. We kept our hurdle rates at the same place. Now that, you know, interest costs are creeping up and, you know, does that mean we're gonna change hurdle rates something higher? Probably not, because as we've looked at transactions, we've tried to have a good risk premium in there already to ensure that when we put money to work, we make enough. You know, it's hard to foresee things that go against you sometimes. I think we've tried to be conservative there, and our track record shows for.
Of the 53 acquisitions we've done in the last several years, we have a really good track record of hitting the pro forma. You know, as you know, we look at everything in an after-tax, unlevered return, and we build out discounted cash flows, and we're very disciplined on how we're buying businesses or investing money. There's not gonna be a big shift there. I think we definitely see a lot of opportunity in our markets, and John could probably speak about that better than I can about the pipeline and the opportunity we see.
Well, I think that there's no question that the opportunities continue to grow. I think if anything, depending upon what happens from a recession standpoint, multiples could contract a little bit in terms of from a competitive standpoint, which could be a positive actually, sitting where we are with the capability that we have in the balance sheet. It's really. We look at it really positively. The opportunities are really significant.
Excellent. 53 deals. You guys have been busy. Thank you. Appreciate the time.
Thanks, Tyler.
One moment for our next question, please. Our next question comes from Stephanie Moore with Jefferies. Your line is now open.
Hi. Good morning.
Good morning.
You know, I was hoping we could get maybe an update on just, you know, general capacity trends in the Northeast and I think, you know, really, you know, the last, you know, consistently seeing it grind lower. But, you know, maybe we could also just get an update on that and really your thoughts on McKean and where, when you expect that to come online.
You know, I don't think there's any question but that we continue to see the supply and demand imbalance in the Northeast. It continues to, you know, move in that direction. Capacity continues to come out of the marketplace. Very little capacity is being added to the market. We're probably adding more capacity than anyone else to the market, currently. McKean is on track. We are currently in permitting for McKean for some changes that we made to the rail infrastructure.
That is going forward very nicely. Real support all the way around. You know, I think that we're on track probably to get into construction in 2023 and probably early 2024. You know, early to mid-2024 be up and operational. But as we ramp, we'll be ramping it up. You know, don't expect that we're gonna be at full capacity or anything like that, but we'll start to ramp it up in 2024.
Yeah. A few of our other key initiatives continue to advance really well. Our permitting at Hicks is going well. Permitting at Highland Landfill is going very well. Highland is extremely well-placed in Western New York, about 50 miles away from a landfill that's scheduled to close in 2025, 2026. That landfill takes about 500,000 tons a year. We're looking to increase Highland from 460,000 tons a year to 1,000,000 tons a year. There's some other initiatives out there we're working on that, you know, will have a really nice impact over the next couple years as we complete permitting and sites come offline.
Great. Thank you. Just as a follow-up to your margin performance, I know that you have several, you know, tech and digital initiatives underway here. Are you starting to see kind of any meaningful benefits from whether it's your, you know, fleet planning, your automation, or even some of your back office, you know, ERP implementations, or should we expect the lion's share of those gains to be more apparent kind of in 2023, 2024? Any color there would be helpful. Thank you.
Yeah, maybe I can start, and then Sean can step in on some of what we're doing on the automation and the onboard computing side, but we are making a lot of progress. It takes a bit. When you're investing in technology, you oftentimes have a few years where you're spending a little bit more, and then you start to yield some really nice benefits. Probably our biggest benefits this year has in 2022 into 2023 are really coming from some of our procurement initiatives, so it's NetSuite and then our addition of Coupa and what we've done to really drive more standardized procurement in the business.
They're simple things like increasing digitization of the stream, increasing digital payments across the stream, using our single-use or our P-cards in driving rebates through the business, catalog-based paper procurement, where we're getting more and more purchasing power and buying through digitally linked catalogs through Coupa to things like containers or to parts. You know, there's a lot of really nice work being done in the back office to streamline and simplify what we're doing and to take costs out, and frankly, just to make us more effective for our people in the field.
We've got a great pilot that's being launched on what we call service management, which is our order-to-cash cycle that's really exciting. As Sean reminds me, we've run the same system for 35 years, and it's served us amazingly well. In today's day and age, both our people from operating and customer service side and our customers are demanding more and more digital tools, and we're really excited about the work we've done there in our pilot launch. On the truck side and the fleet side, Sean, we've got some great initiatives that are taking real dollars out today.
Yeah. From an automation and conversion standpoint, we are booked through the end of next year, so we will do at least as many of those projects next year as we did this year. From a technology perspective, we plan to escalate that a little bit next year and do more units for onboard computing on the trucks.
Yeah. We're through about 45% of our fleet today, Sean, on the onboard computing-
That's right.
We'll be through about 60%+ by the end of next year. Maybe you could just make a couple comments about what that does for us, having computers in the trucks.
Yeah. The return profile on the onboard computers is, to put it politely, very nice, we'll say. It gives us. It touches so many levels of our business. It allows our customer service reps to have service verification capabilities, whether that's, you know, a picture of a dumpster that's blocked or a residential home that may have forgotten to set their bin out for the night. You know, we have revenue opportunities with overloaded containers, and that allows us to pay our drivers an incentive program.
What we found, early indicators are in those markets where we're paying these driver incentive programs are the turnover in that line of business has dried up to almost nothing. You know, staffing in the solid waste industry is, and has been, a big concern. That's a nice silver lining, allowing the technology to help the drivers make a little more, few more bucks. Just to put it bluntly, the drivers, it's overwhelming. They love the system. They love not dealing with paper anymore, so they love the tablets.
We've had some great safety incidents too where we're able to prove we weren't the cause of incidents and really push that liability to others, which is great.
Yeah. The camera system allows. It's a driver behavior system as well. With the camera, there's a camera in every cab facing the driver. It helps with coaching if they may, you know, need some pointers on their techniques. Then as Ned mentioned, yeah, we're able to exonerate ourselves for claims that we did not commit.
Yeah. Right now we still have a fairly significant opportunity in terms of the work that you're doing for the future with regard to further automating the fleet, particularly on the residential side, getting to fully automated. You still have some opportunity left there, right?
Yeah. Like I said, we're planned out through the end of next year, and then, it's a competitive process for capital with all the divisions, and then we pick the highest return for each
One I told John I can plot it out, you know, in a couple of years we'll get to our goal of automation. As you guys know for sure on the phone, we're probably not gonna stop buying companies anytime soon. That gives me plenty of work in the future. Usually, when we buy
It's job security.
Yes, job security. Usually, when we buy a mom and pop, they don't have the technology, they don't have the onboard computing, and a lot of times they don't have the automation conversion. There's always a new crop of rear load containers to convert to front load and hand service waste and recycling to convert to automated side load trucks.
Great. Well, no, fantastic color, and thank you so much.
Thank you, Stephanie.
Thank you. One moment for our next question, please. Our next question comes from Michael Hoffman with Stifel. Your line is now open.
Hey, everybody in Vermont. Thank you for taking the call.
Good morning.
Hey, Michael. Are you in Virginia?
I am.
Oh yeah. Good for you.
We're having mild weather here, sort of.
Yeah.
Very quick detailed question on 4Q. What's your interest rate for 4Q? What's the interest rate for 2023 based on where we are right now?
Yeah. For Q4, do you have that, Jason, or I can pull it?
I mean, our effective cash interest rate over the last five quarters on average, Michael, has been roughly 3.4% or so. Without having a calculation in front of me for the fourth quarter, it's up modestly from that, but kind of in that realm. As we briefly hit on earlier, we did step down one pricing level to the lowest pricing level within our credit facility based on our leverage at September thirtieth of 2.16x in our credit facility. That's helping a little bit as well. I think Ned has the stat here for
Yeah, I think it's around 4.1%, income statement effective interest rate.
Okay. That helps. With regards to fuel, when you share with us headwinds, tailwinds, are you accounting for that on a constant engine hour or miles driven basis? Because you're doing a lot of M&A, there's been good volume growth. There's more fuel consumed period that drove the cost up, plus the price of the fuel went up. How do I think about that?
Yeah. Yeah, really good question. We should probably be more specific. When I gave the good guy of about 50 basis points for fuel during this period, during the quarter, our fuel cost recovery fees offset our cost of fuel, and we had some margin enhancement of 50 basis points. That was in just our core businesses, not any newly acquired businesses.
In that bridging, I said that we had a bad guy of about 75 basis points from acquisitions. I kept the fuel in with those acquisitions. In almost all cases, acquired companies don't have fuel cost recovery programs, and if they're seeing some level of inflation, it takes us months, if not a year, to get our fee programs into those companies.
If you don't bifurcate the M&A from the base business, year to date, it's been about a 40 basis point margin headwind, which is also what we expect in the fourth quarter and for the full year as it relates to fuel being offset by our energy and environmental fee.
Inside that, you had more volume on the core business and you drove more miles. There's a volume angle there on the increased cost of fuel. Total dollar spend on fuel, it's not just a price increase. You were gonna spend more on fuel anyway because you had more volume.
Yeah, it's a good point. I mean, the program is meant to generally offset the increases in price of fuel. To your point, we're at the point right now where we're offsetting any price increases in fuel with our core program. If there are some volume increases, that could be another component. That hasn't been materially large this year. Most of the acquired customers were already into the program by earlier in the year and hasn't driven a big variance.
Okay. All right. Just to be clear for everybody listening, you're going to have a margin headwind in Q4 for fuel based on where it's trending right now.
That's our expectation. These are trailing fees, right?
Right.
We saw fuel drop like a rock from July through September after it had risen like a rocket ship in the first part of the year. We were behind all in Q1, Q2, we were behind from a margin standpoint. We got a little bit ahead in Q3, and we're estimating to be slightly behind in Q4, about 40 basis points. On margins for the full year, we're estimating to be about 40 basis points behind on fuel. This fee, as you're well aware, we're just trying to recover costs.
Yep.
It can have margin headwinds. Q3 is a little bit of an anomaly with that pickup.
Right. I just want to bring some clarity to that. Great news on the volume, but we do have to acknowledge that 2021, Q3 2021, you had a pretty mediocre tourism season, and this is your best volume quarter anyway. I mean, based on the hotel occupancy data, tourism data out of the states, there was a great tourism season in your regions in the quarter. That's part of the driver as well, just so people don't get.
That's fair.
Over their skis on.
That's very fair, Michael.
You're well-positioned. You have great position to take advantage of it, but we wanna make sure that we don't get over our skis on volumes or running away.
Exactly.
Okay. Disposal price. I was recently moderating a panel at a conference, and there were participants all from the Northeast. One of them was the big burner operator. Asked the question what they thought Boston would reset in 2024, and the answer was north of $180 a ton. Where's the current spot market for the transfer station and are you fully pricing that upside in yet, or is there a lot more room for like, could landfill pricing be that much better?
I would say, Michael, that the transfer station pricing is probably what they were talking about as opposed to disposal pricing. I think that there's probably more opportunity there because we're not seeing $180 a ton at this point in time, but it is over $100 a ton at the transfer station. It'll be I think it is an opportunity going forward.
Yeah. This year, we definitely. That's one area where we need to do a bit better job on advancing pricing on our transfer station. We've seen a lot of inflation-
Inflation, yeah.
From the third-party transfer
True
T ransporter side. Jason created a new transfer station energy and environmental fee that we launched late in Q2. It was effective in Q3, started to help with that. But there's just a lot of moving pieces there with changes in where waste is flowing, higher-end disposal prices, heightened costs on the transporter side. It's a big focus point of ours, to your point of, you know, that market does need to step up again on the transfer side into 2023.
Which adds momentum to why you have a six handle or better on price in 2023.
Yeah, absolutely. I mean, pricing stats sometimes don't tell the full story, and we often will talk about the difference between just our disposal price, which is third-party customers, same customer going to the same landfill, same type of waste. You know, it has seemed a little bit muted the last two years at 5%, but that's because we're constantly looking to reblend our book of business, and we're looking to vertically integrate more.
If you look at the average price of what a ton's making into our site of, you know, total revenues divided by total tons, that's going up 8%, and that's a real good indicator to us that we are making good decisions in the marketplace to attract new customers. We are blending our own internal prices up at the landfills at the appropriate rate, and things are working well.
Okay. With regards to 2023, just to get a little better clarity on the guardrails, can you give us a little bit more direction about how to think about what the compounding looks like? Are we having a conversation that's double-digit revenue growth, double-digit profit, low double-digit profit and better than that in free cash in 2023, or are there headwinds that are pulling me back into high single digits? Just wanna understand directionally.
I think we're high single digits right now on revenues, double digits on EBITDA, low double digits on EBITDA growth and, you know, mid, kind of like 10%-15% on free cash flow. You know, we haven't finished budgeting yet, but as we look at the basic building blocks, that's where we are, 'cause we are gonna see some recycling headwind. The other thing that could pull you back into high single digits on pricing is kind of we have seen some movement here from the fuel fees. You know, that's not something that's making profit for us, but you could see that pull back against revenues a little bit. We are looking to have double-digit growth on the EBITDA side.
Okay. That helps. Then lastly, on the self-help question that was asked earlier, had you put dollars around what you thought the scope of what self-help would do over time and then what you've captured so far?
Oh, man. There's a lot of opportunity there. We were talking about earlier that if we can pick up 20-30 basis points of margin enhancement each year through Sean's automation efforts, onboard computing, back office technology, initiatives like that's a great cadence for us. We don't see an end in sight in the next, you know, 3+ years. There's a lot of opportunities we have across the franchise.
Is that incremental to you talking about being up 30-50, or that's part of 30?
No, that's part of that. I mean, you know, hopefully, you can beat those numbers, but if we say we're up, you know, 50 basis points on margins, some combination of price, self-help, offsetting, you know, things that are out there that will always work against you.
Okay. Just I would make a comment more than anything else. If everybody looks at your pricing history, you always are stronger in the first half, and you know, it narrows in the second half, other than this is the first time we've had hyperinflation in 40 years. Prior to this, that's been your pattern 'cause that's the way you price.
Yeah.
Nobody should wake up and freak out about that.
No. We're not either, but we're definitely conscious of what's going on in the external environment and really looking at whether we need to advance some more price.
Okay. All right.
Thank you, Michael.
Yep. Thank you.
Thanks, Mike.
Thank you. One more moment for our next question. Our next question comes from Michael Feniger of Bank of America. Your line is open.
Yeah, thanks for taking my question, guys. You highlighted the internal cost inflation in the quarter, 5.8%-5.9%. Just what are the moving pieces there that's kinda driving that? How do we kinda think about some of those moving pieces into 2023?
Yeah, great question. A guy on our team, Jack Van de Water , put together our own inflation index because it is hard to separate the price volume components of inflation, and we wanted to have a very consistent way of measuring the components of our own inflation. This is on just the expense side. The capital side, you know, we look at separately.
Our aggregate basket, which goes across labor, tires, facilities costs, maintenance, doesn't include fuel, outside repairs, parts, operation support. We go across every part of our business. You know, things that are trending higher than that 5.9% right now are maintenance, parts, outside repairs. Labor is actually tracking underneath that. Labor has stabilized and started to come down a bit from an inflationary standpoint this spring into early summer, which is good.
You know, facility costs are definitely a bit more stable and, you know, we haven't seen as much inflation on that side.
Fair enough. I know you touched on it earlier, just when we think about CapEx in 2023, you know, there's inflation driving some higher CapEx, but a lot of it's also, you know, you guys have growth projects ahead. Just does the CapEx intensity, is it a bit higher in 2023, 2024 as you guys are going through these projects? Just how do we kinda think about that?
Yeah. We've been running for a number of years now. Just if you look at pure running our business and keeping the lights on 10.5% of revenues, from a CapEx perspective. We've been doing more than that because we've been growing and we've had a lot of great opportunities to put money to work. We see that coming into 2023 as well. We've got some new contracts we've won that we'll be putting capital to work on. We've got acquisitions where we're investing to drive synergies and integration. McKean, we'll be looking to invest about $20 million into bringing McKean online in 2023 into 2024. I don't have an exact split yet, but that will be, you know, some really good money put to work for shareholders for long-term value.
Great. Just lastly, like, I know this got asked earlier, but the pricing, like on the collection or maybe even disposal, you know, there's always a ceiling at some point. Do you feel like that we're approaching that, or is it just the cost inflation, it's understandable with what everyone's dealing with in their own business? Just how do you guys kinda think about that? Is there any type of, you know, undercutting or ceiling there that you guys are starting to bump up against? Thank you.
Yeah. If you look at the Fed data and you look at waste services as a percentage of a consumer's wallet or a business's wallet, it's less than 0.4% of that wallet. Frankly, we're just doing what we need to to get the heightened cost of our business back to our customers, whether it be on the labor side, the truck side, the environmental side. You know, I think our people are doing a really good job of assessing what we need to do and how to get that price back to the street. We don't look at it as whether there's a ceiling or not a ceiling. We're just trying to establish fair programs that get that inflation back to the market.
Thank you.
Thank you.
Thank you. One moment for our next question. I have a follow-up with Tyler Brown with Raymond James. Your line is open.
Hey, super quick.
Hey, Tyler.
Yeah. Hey, is RNG a material benefit next year? Is it maybe $1 million or $2 million?
It's not really. I wouldn't characterize it as a material, right? I mean, I think-
No, but we'll have to get you the exact number, but we've got two RNG facilities coming online, one in Q1 and then one probably in Q3 or Q4. In total, we'll have 1.3 million MMBtu coming online. I think as everyone remembers, we did not invest the capital in these facilities. We have partners that invested the capital, and we get royalties for our gas sales.
Yeah.
For RINs. I think across those two projects. Do you know, Charlie, how much?
Yeah. Just kind of assuming, you know, the first one will come online in the first quarter, and then the second one is gonna be towards the end of the year, Tyler. Assuming pretty conservative, you know, $2 D3 RIN price, you know, we're probably looking at revenue contribution of about $2.5 million or so next year.
Okay. Okay. That's helpful. I think that I can work with that. All right. Thank you.
Thank you, Tyler.
Thank you. As a reminder, to ask a question, that's star one. I'm currently showing no further questions at this time, and I'd like to hand the conference back over to Mr. Casella for closing remarks.
Thanks, Norma. Thanks everyone for joining us this morning. We look forward to discussing our fourth quarter 2022 earnings and our 2023 guidance with everyone in February. Thanks, everybody, and have a great weekend. Thank you.
This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect. Everyone, have a wonderful day.