Good morning and welcome to the Mind Medicine Full Year 2023 Financial Results and Corporate Update Conference Call. Currently, all participants are in listen-only mode. This call is being webcast live on the Investors and Media section of MindMed's website at mindmed.co, and a recording will be available after the call. For opening remarks, I would like to introduce Rob Barrow, CEO of MindMed. Please go ahead.
Thank you and good morning, everyone. Welcome to our Full Year 2023 Financial Results and Corporate Update Conference Call. The press release reporting our financial results is available in the Investors and Media section of our website, and our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, is being filed today with the Securities and Exchange Commission. During today's call, we will be making certain forward-looking statements, including without limitation statements about the potential safety, efficacy, and regulatory and clinical progress of our product candidates, our anticipated cash runway, and our future expectations, plans, partnerships, and prospects. These statements are subject to various risks, such as changes in market conditions and difficulties associated with research and development and regulatory approval processes that are described in the filings made with the SEC, including our annual report on Form 10-K being filed today.
Forward-looking statements are based on the assumptions, opinions, and estimates of management at the date the statements are made, including the non-occurrence of the risks and uncertainties that are described in the filings made with the SEC or other significant events occurring outside of MindMed's normal course of business. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which are made as of today, February 28, 2024. MindMed disclaims any obligation to update such statements even if management's views change, except as required by law. Joining me on today's call are Schond L. Greenway, our Chief Financial Officer, and Dr. Daniel Karlin, our Chief Medical Officer. We are excited to be providing this financial and business update during this important period for MindMed.
2023 was a highly productive year for MindMed, which concluded with positive Phase IIb results for MM120 in the treatment of patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder, or GAD. We believe that the initial data we shared validates our scientific understanding of MM120's mechanism of action and shows the potential for an emerging best-in-class product profile compared to today's standard of care. On March 7th, we will be hosting a virtual investor event during which we look forward to sharing top-line 12-week data from our Phase IIb study of MM120 and GAD, as well as KOL perspectives on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder market, the data, and our initial views on the commercial opportunity. In addition, we anticipate sharing results from our Phase I pharmacokinetics bridging trial to support the differentiated product profile of our MM120 orally dissolving tablet, or ODT, formulation and its advancement into pivotal clinical trials in GAD.
We are excited about this upcoming event and hope most of you will be able to join us. Please keep an eye out for additional information. Looking further into 2024, we will be working closely with the FDA to finalize Phase III development program for MM120 and GAD and expect to hold our end-of-Phase II meeting with the FDA in the first half of the year. This is intended to enable the initiation of Phase III clinical program in the second half of the year. In addition, this year we anticipate sharing one-year follow-up results from a study of lysergide and anxiety disorders, which was conducted by our collaborators at University Hospital Basel.
Our progress comes at a crucial time with an urgent unmet need for better treatments to address the ongoing epidemic of brain health disorders, a situation that has grown significantly worse over the past several years. In our lead indication, GAD, for example, a recent mental health prevalence study that was prepared for the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration found that 10% of U.S. adults report having symptoms consistent with a GAD diagnosis, making it the second most common mental health disorder among adults 18 to 65 years old. In comparison to historical studies of the prevalence of GAD, the condition appears to have tripled in the last two decades alone. This growth in prevalence and focus of anxiety disorders has unfortunately not been matched by innovative treatments, with the treatment landscape remaining dominated by SRIs, benzodiazepines, and in more limited cases, antipsychotics.
In fact, the last original approved marketing application that was focused on the treatment of GAD was obtained for Cymbalta in 2004. While each of these medicines have gone on to become blockbuster products driving significant value to the innovators, the efficacy of these products has been limited and, in many instances, intolerable side effects such as sexual dysfunction and weight gain have led to noncompliance and discontinuation of treatment, which we believe has created a significant need in the market for novel treatment options. Seeking to address these growing issues, our R&D pipeline is focused on two lead product candidates: MM120, or lysergide d-tartrate, and MM402, or R-MDMA. Additionally, through a broad collaboration with researchers at University Hospital Basel in Switzerland, we are exploring the potential of several assets to potentially expand our development pipeline as our lead programs continue to progress.
Across these development programs, we are utilizing two different delivery paradigms. For MM120 and GAD, we are pursuing a session-based delivery approach in which the product candidate is administered under ongoing healthcare supervision. Separately, for MM402 and ASD, we are pursuing a standard outpatient drug delivery approach in which we envision the product candidate being administered on a daily at-home basis. Our MM120 program in GAD has seen extraordinary progress over the past year, culminating in the four-week data from our Phase IIb trial that we announced in December 2023. The trial met its primary endpoint with statistical and clinically meaningful reductions in HAM-A scores four weeks after a single administration of MM120. We observed the largest clinical activity in the 100-microgram dose group with an observed effect size of 0.88.
On an absolute basis, this represents a 21.3-point improvement in HAM-A score from baseline to week four and with 7.6 points better than placebo, with an associated p-value of 0.0004. In this group, we also observed a 78% clinical response rate and a 50% clinical remission rate at four weeks, meaning that four weeks after a single dose of MM120, half of the participants no longer showed clinically significant anxiety, and 78% of participants achieved a 50% or greater reduction in HAM-A score. Additionally, we observed clinically and statistically significant improvements in all of the secondary endpoints at all time points analyzed as part of the top-line analysis, which included HAM-A, CGI-S, and MADRS results through week four. MM120 was well tolerated in the trial, with mostly transient, mild to moderate adverse events that predominantly occurred on the dosing day.
In the context of currently available therapies for GAD, these results represent a major step forward in a field that has suffered from practically no innovation in the last 20 years. The Cohen's d standardized effect size of 0.88 in the 100 microgram dose group is more than double the effect size of the current standard of care for GAD, which are estimated to have effect sizes below 0.4 on average. We believe this result can wholly be attributed to the standalone effect of MM120 treatment, as the study was conducted in the absence of any other therapeutic intervention. These results also build on over 20 legacy studies of lysergide, or LSD, in anxiety, depression, and other neurotic disorders, including our collaborators' investigator-initiated trial in anxiety that delivered statistically significant results in mid-2022.
We believe that the MM120 Phase IIb data clearly supports dose selection for our subsequent research, and it supports advancement into Phase III clinical trials for GAD. With the results of this trial, we achieved all of our goals of Phase II development for MM120. In particular, we have rigorously characterized the dose-response relationship of MM120 and GAD, achieved statistically significant and clinically meaningful results supporting its clinical activity, and demonstrated the standalone impact of MM120 to deliver rapid and durable clinical benefits on validated and regulatory-accepted endpoints. With this exciting progress, we are entering a phase of many anticipated key development milestones in the quarters ahead.
As I mentioned earlier, at our upcoming investor event on March 7th, we will be sharing top-line 12-week data from our Phase IIb study of MM120 and GAD, along with PK bridging data for our intended go-to-market formulation, which we believe will serve to further differentiate our product candidate and demonstrate its compelling clinical potential. We anticipate having an end-of-Phase II meeting with the FDA in the first half of 2024 to align on the scope of our Phase III development program for MM120 and GAD and to initiate our Phase III clinical program in the second half of the year. We also plan to present full data from our Phase IIb trial of MM120 and GAD at a scientific meeting in 2024 and are excited to share the breadth of findings from this rich dataset.
Additionally, based on the promising data we have observed for MM120 and indications beyond GAD, such as depression, we are actively evaluating additional clinical indications and believe the overall development program for MM120 may represent the best-in-class treatment for GAD and beyond. Our second lead program is MM402, which is the R enantiomer of MDMA. We believe MM402 holds promise for its potential prosocial effects and favorable tolerability profile versus racemic MDMA, or the S enantiomer. The focus of our MM402 program is to develop a regularly administered product that treats the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder, or ASD, in particular social communication difficulties. Remarkably, despite the significant and increasing prevalence of ASD, there are currently no approved therapies specifically targeted at its core symptoms. MDMA, often referred to as an empathogen, is a synthetic molecule known to enhance feelings of connectedness and compassion.
The R enantiomer of MDMA, in particular, is believed to boost serotonin and other neurotransmitter levels in the brain, leading to increased sociability and interpersonal emotional connection. Preclinical studies of R-MDMA, including those we reported earlier in 2023, have shown acute prosocial and empathogenic effects, while its reduced dopaminergic activity suggests it might exhibit fewer stimulant, neurotoxic, hyperthermic, and abuse-related effects compared to racemic MDMA, or the S enantiomer. With robust preclinical evidence supporting our approach, we have initiated our first clinical trial of MM402, a single ascending dose trial in adult healthy volunteers in the fourth quarter of 2023. This Phase I trial is intended to characterize the tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of MM402 and will enable further clinical studies to characterize the effects of repeated daily doses of MM402 and the exploration of early signs of efficacy in the ASD population.
Concurrently, we have collaborated with our colleagues at University Hospital Basel to conduct a comparative Phase I pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics study of R, S, and racemic MDMA, which has been completed with data anticipated in the first half of this year. This study enrolled healthy volunteers and was designed to evaluate the tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and acute subjective physiological and endocrine effects of the three molecules. We believe that the results from this trial will expand and expedite our understanding of MM402's pharmacological profile as we progress into later-stage clinical development. With that, I will turn the call over to Schond Greenway to go over our financial results. Schond?
Thanks, Rob, and thank you all for joining us today. We will now turn to our financial results for the year ended December 31st, 2023.
As of December 31st, 2023, the company had cash and cash equivalents totaling $99.7 million compared to $142.1 million as of December 31st, 2022. We believe that our available cash and cash equivalents, as well as our committed credit facility, are expected to fund operations into 2026 if certain milestones are achieved that unlock additional capital. For the year ended December 31st, 2023, net cash used in operating activities was $64.4 million compared to $50.1 million for the year ended December 31st, 2022. Research and development expenses were $52.1 million for the year ended December 31st, 2023, compared to $36.2 million for the same period in 2022, representing an increase of $15.9 million.
The increase was primarily due to increases of $16.1 million in expenses related to clinical research and product development for the MM120 GAD Phase IIb trial and $2.6 million in internal personnel costs as a result of increase in research and development capacities, which were offset by a decrease of $0.7 million in expenses related to our MM402 program, a decrease of $0.8 million in expenses related to various external research and development cooperations, and a decrease of $1.2 million in expenses related to preclinical activities. General and administrative expenses were $41.7 million for the year ended December 31st, 2023, compared to $30.2 million for the same period in 2022, representing an increase of $11.5 million.
The increase was primarily attributable to professional services fees and expenses related to the proxy contest in connection with our 2023 annual general meeting of shareholders and additional costs to support the growth of our business. The company's net loss for the year ended December 31st, 2023, was $95.7 million compared to $56.8 million for the same period in 2022. I will now turn the call back to Rob, who provides some closing comments.
Thank you, Schond. This is a very exciting time for us at MindMed. We believe that the initial data on MM120 and GAD that we shared in December validates our scientific understanding of MM120's mechanism of action and shows the potential for an emerging best-in-class product profile compared to today's standard of care. We look forward to sharing the 12-week data from our Phase IIb study of MM120 and GAD at our upcoming investor event on March 7th. We're excited to be on the cusp of moving forward into Phase III with this program, which we currently expect in the second half of the year following upcoming consultations with the FDA. As we come to a close, I want to extend my sincere appreciation and gratitude for the critical work and unmatched execution that has brought MindMed ever closer to realizing our mission.
I would like to thank our highly talented and deeply committed team, our research collaborators and clinical investigator teams, our investors, and the many other individuals who have been supportive, including especially our patients and their families. We are working tirelessly to deliver on the therapeutic potential of our pipeline and to transform the treatment landscape for the many individuals living with brain health disorders. With that, I'd like to thank you all again for joining us today, and I'm happy to take any questions.
Thank you. To ask a question, please press star 11 on your telephone and wait for your name to be announced. To withdraw your question, please press star 11 again. Please stand by while we compile the Q&A roster. Our first question comes from the line of Brian Abrahams with RBC Capital Markets. Your line is now open.
Hi there. Good morning. Thanks for taking my questions, and congrats on the continued progress. So looking forward to seeing the data in just a couple of weeks. A couple of questions in that regard. I guess I'm curious, is there an internal bar that you guys are aiming for with regards to the 12-week durability data or sort of a minimum appropriate durability for regulators or for what you're thinking would be the most viable commercial opportunity there? Are you seeing anything different with regards to dropout rates between weeks 4 and 12? And then maybe just lastly, on the ODT formulation, I'm just curious what your expectations are for what the PK profile would need to show to maximize the chance of replicability in a Phase III study. Thanks.
Terrific. Yeah, thanks so much, Brian. So taking each of those, in terms of expectations, as we were heading into the announcement of our week 4 primary data in December, we talked a lot about the backdrop of SRIs and benzodiazepines and the effect sizes we are seeing there. Each of those drugs has a different dynamic, where benzodiazepines can, of course, be used acutely and have been approved on endpoints such as a four-week endpoint, whereas SRIs, typically because they take longer to separate from placebo, take longer to take action, have looked at longer-term endpoints. But that same sort of effect size standard, I think, is something that we would set as a general expectation. If we could exceed an effect size of 0.4, that would represent an improvement over the standard of care.
And of course, if we can do that after a single dose for up to 3 months, that would be particularly exciting for us. But certainly, what we saw at week 4 was a response where we had half of the patients in remission at that point, and we saw really, on average, HAM-A scores that were relatively stable and flat. We didn't lose any activity between week 1 response to the week 4 response. And so certainly, in an optimistic scenario, we'd continue that kind of response out through 12 weeks. And certainly, from some of the historical data we've seen from studies of LSD and anxiety and depression, we've seen in many instances 6-12 months or even longer of activity.
So we certainly are excited about the durability and think it will give us great insight in terms of how long those effects can last in many patients. In terms of the dropout rate, it would reserve any comments there until we get to a final presentation of the data next week on March 7th. So we'll look forward to sharing that and talking through certainly the dynamics of the population in the study. And then with respect to the ODT formulation, one of the things as we embarked on the development of that formulation, we certainly had improved product performance from a stability standpoint. LSD is a particularly unstable molecule and one that, by developing the ODT formulation, we have been able to stabilize and get shelf stable in a way that we think is critical for commercial viability.
In terms of its PK and PD performance, again, we'll look forward to sharing all of the data. But as I said in the past, one of the things we're really hoping to see is faster absorption in that study, where we can get the drug in faster and get above therapeutic concentrations. So as we look at the general kind of concentrations that need to be achieved to induce the perceptual effects that apparently are the mechanism of action and drive the sort of psychological changes that result in anxiolytic effects, if we can increase the time or the AUC above that concentration and get to that concentration faster, then, of course, the time a patient is spending in a dosing session would effectively become more efficient in our view and would give us additional promise for the carry-through to phase III.
We don't see any substantial risk in terms of not having a bioequivalent product to take forward or a reasonably equivalent product that would support ODT use as we go into the Phase III program. But again, we'll be excited to share all the findings from that study at the event next week.
Great. Thanks so much, Rob.
Thanks, Brian.
Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Charles Duncan with Cantor. Your line is now open.
Yeah. Hey, morning, Rob and team. Thanks for taking our question and congrats on the progress. Looking forward to March 7th. Appreciate the disclosure of that. Had a couple of questions with regard to phase III trial design. I know it's pending an update or a meeting with the agency, but when you think about the sizing of that trial and then think about the sample of your Phase IIb as enrolled, how could those things change in phase III? And then I'll come back with another question. Thanks.
Yeah. Thanks so much, Charles. So in terms of phase III trial design and sizing, of course, there's going to be multiple factors that play into the finalization of the study's sizing and the ultimate population we enroll in that study. From a statistical standpoint, of course, if we were to replicate and use the effects we've seen now at four weeks to size a study and do a power analysis, it implicates or would indicate a very small study of even smaller size than we conducted in phase II. Now, we want to make sure that the study we conduct is large enough to support the overall program and be generalizable and be something that we can stand behind as a pivotal clinical trial.
But we certainly don't anticipate that we're talking any substantial increase if we ultimately are able to see the kind of effects we saw at 4 weeks carry through to week 12.
Okay. And then my second question is for the pivotal study, I guess I'm wondering, as you look at the Phase IIb, can you speak to the role of therapy or lack thereof or functional blinding in the data that you've seen and how you'll consider that for the design of the Phase III?
Yeah. It's a great question. It's certainly an important topic that there's been a lot of discussion around. Functional blinding is something that has been a point of focus, but I think it's been ignored how prevalent it is in psychiatric drug development. I mean, we have entire classes of drugs such as the psychostimulants, which, of course, have clear perceptual effects. We have Spravato, where there was a clear perceptual effect, dissociative effect, in a majority of patients in those studies. So we really don't think, from a methodological standpoint, that there's actually anything different that would warrant deviating from a long, well-established gold standard of the design and conduct of these clinical trials. Importantly, the lack of therapeutic intervention in addition to the drug in our Phase II study means that, in our view, it's very closely aligned with the FDA's guidance from 2023.
It means that we don't have to make any changes to conform with that guidance as we go into our Phase III program. In terms of trial delivery and functional blinding, we anticipate we will continue to dose the drug in the absence of any sort of therapeutic intervention. Patients will continue to be under safety monitoring as we did in the Phase II, but overall, the delivery protocol will look nearly, if not entirely, identical to our Phase IIb approach. In terms of functional blinding and selection of controls, again, what we've actually seen as we look across studies is that what appears to drive a nocebo effect is more of a therapeutic involvement in the studies.
For studies where there has been a heavy adjunctive psychotherapeutic component to the conduct of those studies, we've seen, in many instances, a reduced placebo response or even a nocebo response. In our study, we saw a robust placebo response, which we, again, don't believe our robust placebo response is a function of not including any sort of therapeutic intervention. Actually, functional blinding is just simply a sort of mechanism connecting the expectancy bias that is reinforced by that therapy to potential impact on clinical outcomes.
That's helpful. Last quick question then. I'll hop back in the queues related to intellectual property. I guess if we fast forward to a future world of a successful pivotal and eventual approval, I guess how are you thinking about protecting the franchise? Is it mainly based on IP? Is it driven by the ODT, or could there be other, call it, in-market factors such as the REMS that really provide the best protection against possible, call it, competition? Thanks.
Yeah. Thanks so much, Charles. As we conceive of and have developed our market protection strategy, intellectual property is effectively a tool in the toolbox to protect a market. It's really important that intellectual property and that the overall market protection strategy is something that is differentiated, that is protectable, and that ideally have Orange Book listed patents that can utilize both regulatory and legal mechanisms to protect that market. LSD, the API that we are developing as our MM120 product, is something that has never been approved before by FDA. In our view, at a minimum, we're looking at five years of marketing exclusivity as the first NCE approval.
Additionally, with Orange Book patents that we believe will protect our product candidate, we think that would extend any sort of generic applicants and protect from those for at least the 30-month stay on the back end of that. Now, from an IP standpoint, again, it's been very important for us to develop our IP in the context of a broader market protection strategy whereby we have the ODT formulation that we hope to show a differentiated product profile. Again, as I mentioned before, we've already actually seen that in its physical and stability performance. That puts us in a position where it would be quite difficult to replicate, if not impossible, to replicate our product. We are using Catalent, which is the only provider of only manufacturer of ODTs that dissolve as rapidly as the Zydis ODTs do.
By protecting that, it then sort of creates a very narrow path that someone would have to develop to try to replicate our product. We have a robust IP fortress around that pathway. We feel very, very confident in the IP protection itself. Beyond that, even, as you mentioned, a REMS, there are certainly many instances where a REMS and some of the delivery dynamics are an area where we'll see enhanced market protection and differentiation of our product and company. That's something that we're also integrating into our planning and strategy for market protection as we go forward.
Thanks, Rob, for all the comments.
Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of François Brisebois with Oppenheimer. Your line is now open.
Hey. Thanks for taking the questions and the updates here. Just in terms of the, I was wondering if we can touch on the commercial side. I think what's helpful is maybe if you can help remind us of what's going on with esketamine on the Spravato side and just maybe the learnings from them that gives you confidence with your potential commercial opportunity.
Yeah. Thanks so much, Frank. So anyone who's been following the neuroinnovator and interventional psychiatry area has seen certainly the explosion of both clinics and now adoption and sales of Spravato, which J&J is now guiding for between $1 billion and $5 billion of sales. Incredibly promising and exciting that new treatments in this session-based delivery paradigm are having such a significant uptake. We look at the dynamics for delivery, for reimbursement, for provision of care, and the incentive structures at each level that motivate providers to adopt and deliver Spravato. And when we look at each of those levels, we believe that our product actually stacks up favorably.
In many of the interactions we have with payers, with sites, with providers, prescribers, we also come to that same conclusion that the dynamics of delivering a drug one time for one day over the course of several hours is favorable than having patients come back up to 56 times a year to comply with the Spravato administration and that the overall time again, if we're able to show durable clinical effects out to three months or beyond, the overall time a patient would be spending in the clinic is actually significantly reduced compared to Spravato.
From a reimbursement standpoint, there's also some advantages here where, because of that reduced time in the clinic, things that are getting reimbursed, like patient monitoring for Spravato, which are reimbursed and can cost in excess of $15,000 a year as a medical benefit to payers, we would potentially have savings to offer to reimbursement to payers there. There are clearly defined codes and mechanisms for both prescribing of interventional psychiatry drugs like Spravato that would be applicable to our product, for monitoring, as I mentioned before, and, of course, for reimbursement of the drug.
So really, I think that while there certainly is work to be done, it's important for us to, as we have talked about in R&D, to really continue to emphasize that there is an already existing infrastructure and delivery paradigm that is seeing overwhelming success and uptake now, and that really launching into a market where we can outcompete at those locations and on those dynamics is just the base case. Based on the profile of our drug so far in development, we certainly believe that there's an even more expansive opportunity for additional locations where the drug can be administered because we don't have again, it's ultimately proven out in Phase III studies. We don't see a physiological risk that would require any sort of physiological monitoring to date.
That gives us, again, an extraordinary opportunity and excitement around the potential to both outcompete in the locations and pathways and channels that Spravato is being delivered today, but even beyond that, to expand into other delivery locations and to an easier adoption in a broader set of locations.
That's super helpful, Rob. Thanks. And then so is it fair to assume that from discussions, that from the payer perspective, it seems like what they might care about is maybe remission, rapid onset, durability? And if that's correct, if those are kind of the big three, if there's anything I'm missing, please let me know. But on that case of durability, four weeks is great. From the company's perspective, it's a little follow-up on the previous question, is the 12-week kind of gravy here, or is this extremely important when you have discussions with payers?
Certainly, the durability, each of the components you mentioned are really the key. Remission, we haven't had many drugs in psychiatry where a significant portion of patients really enter remission and enter it quickly and stay there. If we're ultimately able to show that at four weeks, we had 50%, one in two patients were in clinical remission. They didn't have anxiety symptoms any longer. If we're able to show that out to 12 weeks, of course, it means that for three months after a single dose, patients who came in with severe anxiety would not have anxiety. That's a game changer in terms of patient care.
In terms of onset, that's another one that is particularly important as we talk to KOLs and our SAB, for instance, to have patients come in the door and reliably know within, as we saw in the Phase II study, 24 hours, there was a clinical response on the CGI-S, which is the only metric we have in the study to measure that rapid of a change. But to have rapid onset also gives providers the ability to know very quickly whether a patient is having benefit or not. And it's important from a payer standpoint. But I think critically important is also to understand, because of that onset, payers want to, of course, capture value. They were happy to pay for.
And in prior discussions with payers, they have said, "We will pay for these kinds of drugs if we can capture value." And capturing value is a function of how clearly and how robustly patients respond to the drug and how durably. So all of that sort of converges around if we see rapid onset with durable clinical benefit and a significant portion of our patients remaining in remission, we think both at provision of care and at payer level, there's a clear path to success there. You mentioned expectations are out to 12 weeks. Certainly, what the data we have seen so far just through 4 weeks puts us in a position where we are absolutely moving forward into a pivotal program.
If we were to see continued response and durability out to 12 weeks, that would just continue to build on the case and the prospects for the program. But certainly, what we've seen so far is enough to move forward, and we're making plans accordingly.
All right. Thank you very much. Congrats on the progress.
Thanks, Frank.
Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Sumant Kulkarni with Canaccord Genuity. Your line is now open.
Good morning. Thanks for taking my questions. I have a two-parter on MM120 development and a financial one for Schond after that. So the two-parter is, could we expect to also see 12-week data on the change in the MADRS score when you present your durability data on March 7th? And if you were to ultimately pursue an indication for depression with MM120, is there a preference on whether you would like to target major depressive disorder or treatment-resistant depression?
Yeah. Thanks so much, Sumant. So in terms of data we'll be presenting next week, we would expect, in terms of outcome measures, to present a similar set of outcome measures as we presented for week four. So that would include HAM-A, CGI-S, and MADRS. So we're excited to share data both on response with anxiety symptoms but also with comorbid depression symptoms. In terms of development and the ultimate indication, reserve that as we advance in planning and scoping a potential additional indication in psychiatry. Certainly, at the appropriate time, we'll give further clarity there. The thing is, it's important, as we talked about reimbursement, there are multiple dynamics here.
Just because a drug is approved for major depressive disorder, as we've seen some of the more recent entrants, the more recent SRIs that have come to market that are labeled for major depressive disorder, of course, programs like Sage and Biogen, the zuranolone program, which was ultimately being developed in MDD, the regulatory label certainly provides a broader set of patients that could be eligible on label for administration of the drug. But certainly, what we'd anticipate is that payers are likely to expect to be treating patients where there is value. And that is both a function of severity and non-response to prior treatment. So again, reserves as kind of final determination or guidance on what that indication would be, but certainly considering a broad scope and depression-related indications.
Got it. And then the financial question, could you comment on what your cash runway would be without the additional unlocking from milestones?
Good question, Sumant. I think that, at least from our standpoint, our historical burn has typically been somewhere between $15 million ±20%. And so in addition to that, as it relates to the K2 facility, again, those are milestones that are performance-based milestones such that we have the option, as we continue to execute on a plan, to be able to draw those items down. So they are in part of the overall funding strategy.
Got it. Thank you.
Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Elemer Piros with Rodman & Renshaw. Your line is now open.
Good morning, gentlemen. Can you hear me?
We can. Hi, Elemer.
Good morning. So I'd just like to recircle back to and I think the question was asked by François on the size of the phase III trial. We clearly saw a massive signal-to-noise ratio in the phase II trial, at least up to week four. But how do you balance, Rob, the fact that there are ICH guidelines out there, and this drug could be potentially approved for millions of patients in terms of when you design the set of phase III trials?
Yeah. Thanks so much, Elemer. I mean, it's a great point and question. That's why, too, when we talk about the finalization Phase III program and protocol, there are many factors that come into play, of course, overall patient exposures. We wanted to make sure that the results are externally valid and generalizable to that magnitude of a population. I mean, what we're really particularly encouraged by seeing recently, Lykos Therapeutics, MDMA for post-traumatic stress disorder, NDA, be accepted by FDA. I mean, that development program was in the mid-hundreds of overall exposures. Granted, there's a lot of historical exposure data there, like with LSD, right? There is certainly a long understanding of these molecules and a long history of research for these molecules in this drug class.
But I mean, as we conceive of Phase III program, again, we want to make sure that it is something that is generalizable, that supports an overall development strategy that leads us to a marketing application. But again, we're going to reserve the right to reserve the final commentary on exactly what size that will be as we enter into Phase II discussions with FDA and ultimately arrive at a final study.
Yes. And Rob, you alluded to this earlier, that you place much less emphasis on the therapy component. You're going to be talking to the FDA within several months while they are evaluating the Lykos application, which is heavily dependent on therapy. How do you distinguish to the FDA between the two paradigms of the necessity of adjacent therapy versus focusing on the drug effect in your case?
Yeah. It's a really important topic in terms of differentiating. There's a lot of discussion. Reagan-Udall Foundation recently put on a panel, which many of you may have attended, where we had some discussions, some dialogue on the panel with us, with Compass, and with MAPS about these sorts of matters. From a development standpoint and approaching FDA, I mean, really, we limit any sort of engagement with formal meetings with FDA to the scope of our development program. We've, since day one, charted a very clear course that is to demonstrate the standalone drug effect of our product candidates and that there's certainly a discrete, while there's a loose definition that includes things like all mind-altering substances such as Spravato and ketamine and MDMA, we're talking about really a distinct drug class with the serotonergic psychedelics and with MM120 in particular.
So our approach will be informed by our data and by our strategy and by our understanding and engagement previously with FDA about what the expectations are. There's been clear guidance from 2023 made quite clear the need to characterize the standalone effects of a drug. That's exactly what we've done, really uniquely for the first time in the field. So we feel really confident in our approach and the ability to support that as we enter pivotal studies.
Thank you. Thank you very much, Rob.
Thanks so much, Elemer.
Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Patrick Trucchio with H.C. Wainwright. Your line is now open.
Good morning, team. This is Luis Santos from Patrick. Understanding that depression is different from anxiety, should we anticipate a Phase III program designed similar to COMP360 design in depression? And should we anticipate a true placebo being part of the program? And then I have a follow-up question.
Yeah. In terms of control conditions, of course, that's likely a topic we'll want to iron out with FDA at our end-of-Phase II meeting. We fundamentally believe that regardless of mechanism of action of drugs and regardless of the qualitative differences and the perceptual effects of this drug class versus, say, psychostimulants or the dissociative anesthetics like ketamine or Spravato, the gold standard in research is to conduct placebo-controlled studies. Using a non-placebo control as a comparator in studies is something that calls into question the interpretability of those study results and really, I think, the validity of studies of that nature in general. So certainly, our preference and our strong belief is that placebo-controlled research is the right way to conduct research. And it's why it's a gold standard, and it's why it's indicated by ICH and effectively every international body that regulates and conducts research in medicine.
In terms of the scope of the Phase III development program, we've said previously, I think we anticipate doing two 12-week placebo-controlled studies as a target, but we're going to reserve final commentary around the study design and the dynamics there when we have our end-of-Phase II meeting with FDA. We do anticipate continuing patients on in the open-label extension study to characterize what would happen upon retreatment and just demonstrate even further durability out to perhaps a year longer.
Thank you. Does Phase III program start depend on the outcome from the bridging study? If so, when do you expect that data to be reported?
Phase III program planning is underway. We anticipate starting that in the second half of this year. Our PK bridging data for our ODT product we'll be sharing next week on our March 7th investor event as well. So look forward to sharing that. But right now, we're continuing to focus and plan to implement and use that product as we Phase III program.
Great. Thank you so much.
Thank you. I would now like to turn the call back over to Rob Barrow for closing remarks.
Terrific. Yeah. Thank you, operator. Thanks, everyone, again for joining us here today. We hope you all join us next week on March 7th for our investor event and look forward to sharing results at that call. Thank you so much.
This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect.