Good day, and welcome to Dow's Fourth Quarter 2021 Earnings Call. You may signal to ask a question by pressing star followed by one at any time during today's presentation. Also, today's call is being recorded. I would now like to hand the call over to Pankaj Gupta. Please go ahead, sir.
Good morning. Thank you for joining Dow's fourth quarter earnings call. This call is available via webcast and we have prepared slides to supplement our comments today. They are posted on the investor relations section of Dow's website and through the link to our webcast. I am Pankaj Gupta, Dow Investor Relations Vice President, and joining me today on the call are Jim Fitterling, Dow's Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, and Howard Ungerleider, President and Chief Financial Officer. Please read the forward-looking statement disclaimer contained in the earnings news release and slides. During our call, we will make forward-looking statements regarding our expectations or predictions about the future. Because these statements are based on current assumptions and factors that involve risks and uncertainties, our actual performance and results may differ materially from our forward-looking statements.
Dow's Form 10-Q and 10-K include detailed discussions of principal risks and uncertainties which may cause such differences. Unless otherwise specified, all financials, where applicable, exclude significant items. We will also refer to non-GAAP measures. A reconciliation of the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure and other associated disclosures is contained in the Dow earnings release in the slides that supplement our comments today, as well as on the Dow website. On slide two, you will see our agenda for the call. Jim will begin by reviewing our fourth quarter and full year highlights and operating segment performance. Howard will then share our outlook and modeling guidance, and then Jim will discuss how we will continue to execute on our priorities to deliver value growth. Following that, we will take your questions. Now let me turn the call over to Jim.
Thank you, Pankaj. Beginning with slide three. In the fourth quarter, Dow once again delivered top and bottom line growth year-over-year, with sales growth and margin expansion in every operating segment. Our results reflect the strength and resilience of our advantage portfolio and the incredible efforts of the Dow team as we continue to ensure well-being and safety of our team and our communities. We delivered year-over-year sales growth of 34%, with gains in every operating segment, business and region. While volume declined 4% year-over-year due to supply constraints from several factors, including our own maintenance, lingering effects of weather-related outages and global logistics challenges, we continued to see robust underlying demand across our end markets, particularly for higher margin downstream and sustainability-led applications. Prices were up 39% year-over-year, reflecting gains in all operating segments, businesses and regions.
Our discipline and agility enabled us to navigate the supply constraints and logistics challenges I just mentioned, dual control actions in China and rising energy costs. We delivered operating EBIT growth of $1.2 billion year-over-year, with margin expansion in every operating segment. Equity earnings were also up year-over-year, with margin expansion at our joint ventures in Saudi Arabia, Thailand and Kuwait. These results translated into significant cash generation for the quarter, with cash flow from operations of $2.6 billion, up $901 million year-over-year, and cash flow conversion of 88%. We returned $912 million to shareholders in the quarter, including $512 million through our industry-leading dividend and $400 million in share repurchases.
Our performance in the fourth quarter capped a record year for Dow, which you'll see highlighted on slide four. In 2021, Team Dow capitalized on the economic recovery, achieving record sales and earnings performance despite pandemic driven uncertainty and industry-wide weather related challenges. Our focus on cash flow and disciplined capital allocation enabled us to continue to deliver on our financial priorities. We achieved $7.1 billion of cash flow from operations, bringing our total cash flow from operations since spin to $18 billion. We enhanced our balance sheet by reducing gross debt by another $2.4 billion in the year, bringing down gross debt by more than $5 billion since spin. We have also no substantive debt maturities until 2026.
We proactively funded our U.S. pension plan and successfully executed Sadara's debt reprofiling, lowering Dow's guarantees by more than $2 billion. Dow has returned a total $7.3 billion to shareholders since spin through our dividend and share repurchases, including $3.1 billion in 2021. We kept CapEx well within D&A as we continued to invest in our higher return and faster payback growth investments. In 2021, we achieved a return on invested capital of greater than 22% on strong earnings growth. As we turn the corner on the pandemic, we do so with a strong balance sheet and a deliberate and disciplined strategy to decarbonize and grow.
We achieved this record financial performance in 2021 while advancing our ESG leadership. Importantly, we announced our disciplined strategy to decarbonize our assets while improving underlying EBITDA by more than $3 billion as we capitalize on our participation in attractive high-growth end markets and sustainability-driven solutions. Our ESG efforts continue to be recognized externally as we were recently recognized by JUST Capital for the third year. Dow earned the top spot in the chemical sector overall, as well as the number one position in the workers and stakeholders and governance categories in the industry. I'm extremely proud of Team Dow's dedication to deliver for our customers and drive value for all of our stakeholders. We will build on these achievements in 2022 as we advance our ambition. Moving to our operating segment performance for the fourth quarter on slide five.
In the Packaging & Specialty Plastics segment, operating EBIT was $1.4 billion, up $662 million year-over-year, primarily due to margin improvement and partly offset by lower supply volumes. Sequentially, operating EBIT was down $512 million and operating EBIT margins declined by 520 basis points on lower olefin and co-product pricing, combined with higher raw material costs and energy costs. The Packaging & Specialty Plastics business reported higher net sales year-over-year, driven by price gains in all regions as well as in key applications such as flexible food, industrial, and consumer packaging. Volume declined year-over-year, primarily in Asia Pacific due to supply constraints. Moving to the Industrial Intermediates & Infrastructure segment, operating EBIT was $595 million, up $299 million year-over-year, primarily due to continued price strength.
Sequentially, operating EBIT was down $118 million and operating EBIT margins declined 280 basis points, primarily driven by higher energy costs in Europe and our planned maintenance turnaround activity. The Polyurethanes & Construction Chemicals business increased net sales compared to the year ago period on broad-based price gains in all regions. Volume declines were primarily due to a planned transition away from a low margin, low-margin co-producer contract and our planned maintenance turnaround activity. The Industrial Solutions business delivered a net sales improvement compared to the year ago period with local price gains in all regions. Volume was flat year over year as higher volume from a renewable energy contract was offset by fewer licensing and catalyst sales.
Finally, the Performance Materials & Coatings segment reported operating EBIT of $295 million compared to $50 million in the year-ago period, as margins increased 900 basis points due to strong price momentum for silicones and coatings offerings. Sequentially, operating EBIT improved $11 million as price gains were partly offset by our planned maintenance turnaround activity. The Consumer Solutions business achieved higher net sales year-over-year with local price gains in all regions and across end-market applications. Volume declined despite strong demand, particularly for industrial, electronics, and personal care applications, was offset by lower supply availability due to our own decision to pull forward maintenance activity to coincide with dual control actions in China.
The Coatings & Performance Monomers business achieved increased net sales year-over-year as higher raw material costs and strong industry demand led to price gains in all regions. Volume declined as stronger demand for architectural coatings and industrial coatings, primarily in the U.S. and Canada, was more than offset by lower merchant sales of acrylic monomers, partly due to Dow's own higher captive use. I'll now turn it over to Howard to review our outlook and modeling guidance.
Thank you, Jim, and good morning, everyone. Turning to slide six. Our diversified portfolio continues to enable us to capitalize on attractive end market trends with higher margin downstream products. Our four primary market verticals are each growing at rates of 1.3x -1.5x GDP and benefiting from sustainability macro trends. We are meeting this demand with higher margin solutions such as functional polymers, alkoxylates, surfactants, polyurethane systems, sustainable coatings, and performance silicones. In the packaging vertical, demand for lower carbon emissions, recyclable and circular materials are driving demand for Dow's industry-leading plastics portfolio and in-house application design capabilities. Dow's broad suite of products and hybrid innovations targeting infrastructure will continue to benefit from government investments and incentives, with particular demand resiliency in the Americas, Europe, as well as in the Middle East, Africa, and India.
We see global demand across the diverse consumer market vertical remaining at elevated levels, particularly for applications like electronics, 5G, appliances, pharma, and home care, where several of Dow's growth investments are targeted. In mobility, Dow's portfolio of specialty silicones, polyurethanes, and elastomers is uniquely positioned to benefit from growing electric and autonomous vehicle trends. Importantly, these attractive market verticals are supported by favorable balances across our key value chains, with continued strength across consumer and industrial end markets, which we'll see on slide seven. We expect the economic recovery to continue as forecasts call for above historical average global GDP growth in 2022. While the Omicron variant has resulted in some near-term disruption, we do not expect it to materially change the current recovery path, particularly as global immunization levels and treatment options continue to increase. Several factors support continued strength across our end markets.
Consumer balance sheets remain healthy, with significant pent-up demand driven by more than $5 trillion in additional savings accumulated through the pandemic. Manufacturing growth is expected to remain robust, supported by increasing investments in infrastructure and accelerated adoption for 5G, EV, and sustainability trends. With retail inventories remaining low and backlogs elevated, easing supply chain issues should unleash additional volume growth in 2022 as manufacturing activity increases to meet strong consumer demand. This will certainly be a focus for Dow as we work closely with our customers to fill order backlogs and replenish inventories to meet the robust demand and increase service levels. Turning to slide eight, in the first quarter, we expect these demand trends to drive growth, particularly following the Chinese Lunar New Year. Demand remains resilient in Packaging & Specialty Plastics.
Although domestic polyethylene supply improved through the fourth quarter, co-monomer supply remains constrained, and trade sources are predicting another year of higher than average turnaround activity. These factors, coupled with improvements in shipping logistics that will help meet demand in the export market, are leading to more constructive supply and demand balances domestically. Equity earnings are expected to be lower sequentially due to rising feedstock costs impacting Asian olefin margins, and we anticipate higher raw material and energy costs, particularly in Europe and Asia. Altogether, we anticipate an approximately $200 million impact versus the prior quarter for the segment. Utilizing our best-in-class feedstock flexibility and our differentiated portfolio, Dow will continue to be agile to mitigate potential volatility and meet demand.
In Industrial Intermediates & Infrastructure, strong demand for our high-value materials and appliances, construction, pharma, home care, and energy applications, combined with tight supply and increased global infrastructure investment, are supporting a constructive demand outlook. We anticipate approximately $100 million benefit in this segment from completed turnarounds in the fourth quarter, including Sadara's isocyanate facility and several in our core polyurethane business. We expect the elevated energy cost in Europe will be a $75 million impact versus the prior quarter for this segment. In Performance Materials & Coatings, increasing industrial activity and consumer demand for electronics and construction continues to outpace supply for our differentiated silicone products. The industry also anticipates resilient demand for architectural coatings and is rebuilding from low inventory levels in preparation for the Northern Hemisphere spring and summer months.
The completion of our turnaround in the fourth quarter at our siloxane facility in China will allow us to take advantage of tight global market conditions as silicon metal supplies improve and energy curtailments in China continue to ease. We will also be executing a turnaround at our methacrylic facility in Deer Park. All in, we expect a $25 million net tailwind versus the prior quarter from turnarounds for the segment. Turning to the full year, we're continuing to provide our best estimates of several income statement and cash flow drivers. Notably, we expect lower equity earnings sequentially due to margin compression versus the tighter conditions in 2021, particularly in Asia, as oil remains constructive, putting upward pressure on naphtha-based feedstock costs in the region.
Total turnaround spending for the year will be up approximately $100 million versus 2021, as we have another heavy turnaround year with three crackers slated for maintenance activity and increased inflationary pressure on materials and labor. Net interest expense is expected to be approximately $600 million, benefiting from our proactive deleveraging actions since then. For cash flow, we anticipate higher joint venture dividends from increased earnings in 2021 and a $1 billion tailwind toward pension-related items following our actions last year. Continued investment in our digital initiatives will drive efficiency and enable us to achieve our $300 million EBITDA run rate on the program by 2025. We will also complete the spending portion of our restructuring program, which is now delivering the full $300 million EBITDA run rate as we enter 2022.
Finally, as we highlighted at our Investor Day, we anticipate increasing our capital expenditures to $2.2 billion, well within our D&A target, as we continue to advance our higher return, faster payback projects and execute on our decarbonize and growth strategy. Overall, the macroeconomic backdrop remains favorable in 2022, and Dow is well-positioned due to our global footprint, feedstock flexibility, productivity programs, and sustainable solutions for our customers. We will continue to leverage these advantages as we navigate higher oil prices and continue to deal with inflation and logistics challenges. As the year progresses, we intend to drive operating rates and service levels higher and do expect widening oil to gas spreads. With that, I'll turn it back to Jim.
Thank you, Howard. Turning to slide 10. At our Investor Day in October, we laid out our disciplined strategy to decarbonize and grow the company supported by a series of in-flight earnings growth programs that will drive over $3 billion in underlying EBITDA growth. In 2022, our capital and operating investments are on track to deliver $200 million-$300 million in run rate EBITDA and will serve higher margin, differentiated applications where demand is accelerating as customers work to reduce their own carbon footprint. In Packaging & Specialty Plastics, our Fort Saskatchewan expansion completed last year will deliver a full year of earnings growth to support increasing polyethylene demand. Our FCDh pilot plant in Louisiana will start up this year to produce propylene for coatings, electronics, and durables end markets. Notably, the technology enables lower CapEx, OpEx, and CO₂ emissions compared to conventional PDH technologies.
These projects serve faster-growing, more sustainable market segments such as renewables to drive lower carbon emissions for our customers. For example, our ENDURANCE compounds for cable systems support next generation, longer life, and lower carbon emissions infrastructure, including on and offshore wind farms by reducing the cable manufacturing carbon emissions footprint by 80%. Our ENGAGE elastomers deliver 35% improved performance and efficiency for solar photovoltaic applications. In Industrial Intermediates & Infrastructure, our alkoxylates and PU systems expansion projects are closely linked with brand owner demand for higher value, differentiated downstream applications across home and consumer care, agricultural, and infrastructure end markets. For example, our surfactants offer an improved environmental profile for leading brand owner laundry and home care products. Our polyurethane system, PASCAL Technology, enables up to 10% greater energy efficiency in appliances without raising manufacturing costs.
In Performance Materials & Coatings, we're expanding capacity and formulated solutions for coatings and silicones through incremental debottlenecking projects. Our products enable higher performing, more sustainable solutions targeting mobility, consumer, and infrastructure end markets. For example, FASTRACK coatings enable autonomous mobility infrastructure and have approximately 45% lower greenhouse gas emissions. Our DOWSIL technology enables higher density, lower cost battery packs for the fast-growing electric vehicle market. Finally, as Howard mentioned, our restructuring program and digital investments will continue to support our low-cost operating model and top-quartile cost structure. Turning to slide 11. The increasing demand for sustainable products represents a significant growth opportunity for Dow, with attractive pricing that will support longer-term, higher quality earnings. Our customers are looking for opportunities to enhance their sustainability, and we are meeting those needs with lower carbon emissions solutions, beginning with our own operations.
Our Alberta project will decarbonize approximately 20% of Dow's global ethylene capacity while growing our global polyethylene supply by about 15%. We are also working with our suppliers to reduce our Scope 3 carbon emissions. To date, we have more than 150 supplier agreements in place and have adopted third-party frameworks like CDP, Together for Sustainability, and EcoVadis to drive tangible improvements in environmental performance along the value chain. We continue to advance a circular economy for plastics and see a consistent trend across our brand owner customer base toward redesigning packages to be recyclable and incorporating 30% post-consumer recycled content in their packaging by 2030. Six of our largest sites have now received international sustainability and carbon certification plus recognition for tracking the use of sustainable feedstocks.
We're advancing our partnership with Mura Technology to scale advanced recycling solutions and secure circular product supply. Mura broke ground on the new plant with an expected startup around the end of the year. Earlier this month, we announced an investment in Mr. Green Africa, the first recycling company in Africa to be a Certified B Corporation, which includes socially responsible waste collection and plans to co-develop new flexible pack plastic packaging that will enable more sustainable packaging solutions. A first of its kind investment for Dow in Africa, this business model will be scaled to other developing regions around the world. We continue to grow our recyclable offerings, recently doubling sales with Chinese laundry brand Liby and increasing our addressable market opportunities.
Like the partnerships Dow recently announced to source pyrolysis oil from Gunvor and New Hope Energy, these investments in circularity are examples of our progress and solid foundation as we grow and scale circular solutions. To close on slide 12, 2021 was an outstanding year for Team Dow. We delivered record financial performance and continued our disciplined execution of our strategic priorities. Building on this foundation, we're focused on advancing our plan to decarbonize our assets and grow earnings. Our competitive advantage enables us to meet the increasing needs of our customers and consumers who are demanding more circular and sustainable products while we work to achieve zero carbon emissions in our own operations. As we look ahead, our priorities remain consistent. Our focus on profitable growth while maintaining a low cost position and best owner mindset will enable us to deliver on our earnings growth levers.
We'll continue to maintain our balanced and disciplined approach to capital allocation, driving higher returns for the company and our shareholders while retaining the financial flexibility that has served us well. We'll continue to advance our leadership in ESG with a clear path to achieve our zero carbon, circularity, and sustainability targets. The world and our customers are demanding a more sustainable future. As we execute our ambition, I am confident that we will create significant long-term value for all of our stakeholders. With that, I'll turn it over to Pankaj to open up the Q&A.
Thank you, Jim. Now let's move on to your questions. I would like to remind you that our forward-looking statements apply to both our prepared remarks and the following Q&A. Operator, please provide the Q&A instructions.
Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, if you would like to ask a question, please signal by pressing star followed by one. That is star one to queue for a question. We'll take our first question from David Begleiter of Deutsche Bank. Please go ahead. Your line is now open.
Thank you. Good morning. Jim and Howard, looks like there's some recent stability or even strength in polyethylene. What are your assumptions for polyethylene prices over the next couple of months? Could we actually see a price increase maybe in February given some higher oil prices and better demand and balances here?
Morning, David. Thanks for being with us. Our view, as we go into the quarter, we have two increases out in the market, plus four, plus four. I think those look like they're gonna line up for February and for March. As we ended the year, we were a little bit constrained on volume really due to some unplanned events of our own, both the hurricane, as well as, the situation we had in Terneuzen. Otherwise, December was the best marine packed cargo month for exports that we've had since last March. Still not back to where we'd like it to be, but I think we see signs of gradual improvement and the team is working hard to stay on top of that.
I think that's why you see the Asia volume number down in the fourth quarter was we just backed off of those exports in the fourth quarter.
We will move on to our next question from Hassan Ahmed of Alembic Global Advisors. Please go ahead. Your line is open.
Morning, Jim and Howard. You know, just wanted to sort of get your views on the Q1 guidance that you guys have given. You know, if I'm running my numbers correctly, it seems you guys, you know, with some of the tailwinds and headwinds that you talk about, you're guiding to around $2.8 billion in EBITDA for Q1 2022. Correct me if I'm wrong, it seems to me that that does not factor in the sort of polyethylene price hikes that you talked about, the four plus four . Is that a fair assumption?
Let me have Howard, Hassan, welcome, and let me have Howard walk through the guidance and then we can comment a little bit more on the market outlook for Q1.
Sure. Good morning, Hassan. You know, look, I think your number, your estimate is reasonable when you look at all the moving parts. The way I would think about it is, look, we're gonna see about $275 million likely of margin moderation sequentially from Q4 to Q1. Then the net turnaround is actually a tailwind from Q4 to Q1 of about $125 million. Those are the big moving parts.
I'd say, Hassan, it's possible that margins could open up. Obviously, our view on oil is very constructive, because as you look at the market, demand has been better than anybody anticipated for oil. Because of the investments being so low in oil and gas production in the last three years, it takes supply time to catch up. When you look at the spare available capacity for oil, that number is relatively low. As this demand grows, that shrinking spare available capacity number means the market moves up pretty dramatically, and that opens up the spreads. Meanwhile, LNG is obviously driving natural gas production. I think in the United States as we get through winter, we're going to see prices come down to like the $2.75 per million BTU range.
That'll mean a pretty good oil-to-gas spread here and plenty of available ethane for the market.
We will now move on to our next question from Vincent Andrews of Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead. Your line is open.
Thank you and good morning, everyone. I'm wondering if you could talk about the Asian polyethylene market, just where we continue to see negative margins. You know, I assume some of that is just that the raw material costs have moved faster than pricing. It is your anticipation that we'll see those margins neutralize at least through higher prices? Or should we anticipate that we'll see some reduction in production there? I guess I ask that in particular because you're referencing increased export capability coming out of the U.S. I'm just trying to put all that together. Thanks.
Yeah. Good morning, Vince. Thanks for that question. Asia has been underwater because of the rise, obviously, in naphtha prices and the narrow margins there. I'd also say slow start to the year. We've got Chinese New Year ahead of us here the first of February. I think we're watching closely as we come out. We've seen some rate reductions at some Asian producers that are higher cost. That's what we would expect to see. Obviously when coal ramped up and LNG ramped up, CTO and MTO are down. So as we come out of Chinese New Year, we're watching closely on both polyethylene as well as ethylene glycol and what happens to the market. EG has come off a little bit from the fourth quarter.
Not terribly dramatic, but it's down more than $100 a ton. You know, the demand coming out of Chinese New Year will be something we keep an eye on. Now that's good for us, obviously with our footprint and our advantaged cost positions here. We just have to continue to improve on these marine bulk cargo shipments and get those numbers moving up to take advantage of that arbitrage with Asia.
We will now move on to our next question from Jeff Zekauskas of JP Morgan. Please go ahead. Your line is open.
Thanks very much. In your modeling guidance for 2022, you say that your share count is 745 million. Isn't your share count today, I don't know, 743, and aren't you buying back shares at 6 or 7 million a quarter? Shouldn't your share count be, I don't know, 735 or 730 for modeling purposes for 2022? And secondly, how are your VAM operations in the United States? Are they back to normal running at full capacity or are there still issues?
Morning, Jeff. Let me ask Howard to walk through the share count and the modeling guidance data.
Yeah, sure. Good morning, Jeff. You know, I would say, look, our guidance is for flat because we're focused on making sure we cover dilution. With that said, you know, we're gonna continue to be opportunistic. We bought $400 million worth in the fourth quarter. Our expectation is that we will do that same rough amount in the first quarter. You know, don't forget though, as you're doing your math, you've gotta think about, you know, where the stock price is, because that will obviously impact the number of shares that we can buy. Increased exercise of options as the share price hopefully continues to move up. Then also the averaging effect, right? Because that will impact the number as well. That's why we say, look, $7.45 is a good number.
Could it be slightly lower than that by the end of the quarter? It could be.
Back to your question, Jeff, on asset utilization. We've seen, obviously we saw some impact in the fourth quarter from weather related outages and constraints. As we start the first quarter, I think everything's come back to normal on operating rates. We've been running pretty strong in the Gulf Coast, strong as we have for a long time. That's a nice sign going into the first quarter.
We'll now move on to our next question from Frank Mitsch of Fermium Research. Please go ahead. Your line is open.
Yes, good morning, folks. Nice end to the year. You referenced the Terneuzen outage. I was wondering if you could talk about your operating rates overall in the P&SP segment in the quarter and then also versus the year. I believe, Howard, during your comments, you also mentioned that you anticipate higher operating rates in 2022. If you could expand upon that'd be great. Thank you.
Yeah. Good morning, Frank. P&SP in the segment obviously was down a bit in the fourth quarter from what we had been running throughout the year. It was down about 5%, and so that really hit us. If you think about fourth quarter, it could have probably been about $150 million better had we not had those outages. We're running at much better rates right now. The Gulf. You know, our outlook for rates for the year on ethylene and all the ethylene derivatives is north of 87%. We kinda see that as the low watermark, and that's the way things are running right now, really strong. Terneuzen's back.
One of the crackers has been back since the beginning of the year. The other one's in the startup phase right now. We'll be back out of that situation. Any other comments on operating rate, Howard?
You know, the only other thing maybe to add, Frank, is remember when you think about year-on-year for full year 2022 versus 2021. Last year, we had the winter storm. You know, that knocked out the Gulf. That knocked out all of Texas, basically for the industry for about 30 days. Then we also had the two hurricanes. We obviously can't predict what weather events or what unplanned events are gonna happen. Certainly it feels like last year was above normal.
Normal amount of capacity offline for the year. Typically planned downtime year to year will be about the same. You know, we have three cracker turnarounds. The three crackers that are there means about the same amount of outage time. Our expectations on growth, global GDP, 4%-4.5%, U.S., 4%, China, 5%-6%, translates really for us at 1.5x GDP into about 6% year-over-year volume growth. That's what we're targeting for, and that's what we're running for. We wanna try to obviously also get some inventories back up and service levels back for our customers. Try to get back to a kind of a normal cadence that they can expect and better availability and reliability for them.
We will now move on to our next question from John Roberts of UBS. Please go ahead. Your line is open.
Thanks. The downstream coating customers are obviously struggling with raw materials, and looks like you made some changes to your acrylic mix as well. When do you think the supply chains in coatings sort of get back to a steady state, where things aren't shuffling around?
Morning, John. They are gradually improving. I would say the one thing in coatings that's a little bit different than some of our other chains, there are quite a few small ingredients that go into that coatings chain. So third party suppliers even that supply to us from day to day, we still see some disruptions on third party supplied materials. We've got a turnaround right now in first quarter for Deer Park, but that's planned. We'll be running hard. We ran really hard in fourth quarter, and I think we picked up some ground in fourth quarter and were able to help some things out. We've been using more of our own acrylate monomers in our captive business, so that's kinda constrained monomers a bit.
My expectation is with the strong contractor demand for housing, architectural, do-it-yourself is still holding up really well. And housing starts, I mean, you saw the December housing starts number was up 11.9% North America, which was well above what people expected. With rents increasing and the ability to buy or build being there and some of the materials costs coming off, I think we're gonna see a good housing season in North America, and that's gonna drive some good business for us.
We'll move on to our next question from Mike Sison of Wells Fargo. Please go ahead. Your line is open.
Hey, good morning, guys. Nice end of the year. Just curious, you know, the industry consultants still look for a lot of capacity coming on in globally this year, 8 million plus, and you guys tend to have a better view on what realistically could come on. Just any thoughts on sort of the outlook for new capacity and how much of that could be absorbed this year, given it seems like the outlook demand for polyethylene remains really strong.
Yeah, the demand is very strong. Welcome, Mike, thank you for being here. For every 1% of GDP growth in the marketplace, you need two to three world scale polyethylene plants to come online. You know, our expectation is that is not going to change. We see strong demand across all the sectors for plastics products, and so that's what's driving it. I would say we have very good line of sight to the projects and the timing of the projects. Most of them are going to start coming on second quarter, midyear impact. I think the market growth is going to help moderate some of that. I think our expectations on operating rates are 2 to 3 percentage points higher than what the industry is expecting on polyethylene.
Plastics is typically running a bit heavier than that. My outlook is you've got 4 million tons that are coming in North America. About half of that is destined for the export market, so that's why we're trying to keep an eye on marine bulk cargo and the export shipments. About 50% of the global PE capacity adds are between now and 2025 are coming on in high cost regions. Naphtha, which is the most of that, and a little bit of CTO and MTO capacity. About 60% of all global polyethylene capacity adds through 2025 are in Northeast Asia.
I think with the advantage being in Canada, U.S., Argentina, Middle East, the places that have really good structural low-cost ethane positions, we're gonna be in a good space, and operating rates are gonna be very high.
We'll now move on to our next question from Bob Koort of Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead. Your line is open.
Thank you very much. Good morning, gentlemen. Maybe along those same lines, Jim, I was curious, it looked like, maybe polyethylene exports were down 15% or 20% in total in 2021 from the U.S. as a result of those production issues. I guess by our reckoning, production might be up as much as 15% in 2022. You mentioned the Asian crackers are maybe curtailing a bit. Where's all the extra polyethylene gonna get sent relative to what you saw in the export arena in 2021, do you think?
Yeah. Good morning, Bob. I do think we're gonna see a rebound from all that offline capacity. As Howard says, it's unpredictable, right? I mean, a weather event can take some offline. The amount offline due to unplanned events, weather related events last year was probably double what we would normally see. That Texas freeze had a lot of knock on impacts that are hurting. I think, yeah, we're seeing movement into all the markets. We've seen India come back relatively strong, which has been a good positive. I think after the Chinese New Year, we'll watch China coming back. We're seeing good steady improvements in marine packed cargo. We need to keep ramping those rates up.
I think as we navigate through Omicron and we start to see less of an impact on the labor force, we'll see those numbers loosen up. That's why we're looking for the higher operating rates and the 6% volume growth coming out of the machine this year. I think I'm not pessimistic about inflation killing demand. Honestly, inflation has always been a positive for our business. Over the last 30 years, when the Fed raises interest rates, that typically tends to drive outperformance in our sector versus the other sectors. I think you know, commodities pull is very strong right now, whether it's in petrochemicals or whether it's in minerals and mining for all of the things that we need for EVs and alternative energy.
We will now move on to our next question from Steve Byrne of Bank of America. Please go ahead. Your line is open.
Thank you, Jim. You have some pretty ambitious sustainability goals on your slide 11. When you look across all your businesses across the three segments, what would you estimate the fraction of those customers that are asking you for a more sustainable product? Then if you drill into that, do they want your product to have been derived from some recycled material, or do they just simply want their product to be recyclable? Or does it go even further in that they want your product to be derived from a renewable feedstock or a low carbon feedstock?
Yeah. No, it's a great question, Steve, and this is an area that's rapidly changing. I would say on the brand owner segment, the brand owners pull a lot through the packaging. Brand owners can be brands that you buy for food or personal care items, could be medical care, and other types of applications as well. All the brand owners are asking us for more post-consumer recycled content. Obviously the quality needs to be good, and that's why the discussion around advanced recycling is so strong, and we're making progress getting more and more acceptance of advanced recycling. I think our view is as we go into high value applications, that is gonna be the way that we tackle this.
Mechanical recycling will still be there, but in those cases, I think you're gonna see more mechanical recycling into more durable type applications, different end markets. We see the same trend in silicones. Silicones, especially in personal care. We see the trend in automotive. All the automotive OEMs and manufacturers are looking for to be able to make claims on sustainability on their products. That even goes into polyurethanes for seating and cushioning. The project we announced last year in France for full recycle of polyurethane foams, strong demand for those in the automotive sector. Now the supply is not there yet. They all want more supply faster. Supply challenge is making sure that that's all cost competitive.
You know, they just don't have a blank check to write for these materials. It is going to be more expensive than virgin materials, and I think they're all getting their head wrapped around that. Just like the whole discussion we're having now about, you know, a focus too much towards renewable energy really drives up the energy cost for the whole complex. That's a big debate right now, and that's why we're very disciplined about our approach and making bets that we think will be low cost in that future and also will be the quality that customers need for their end product.
We'll now move on to our next question from Kevin McCarthy of Vertical Research Partners. Please go ahead. Your line is open.
Yes. Good morning. Jim, I was wondering if you could expand on your outlook for volume growth. I think you indicated a target or projection of 6% growth, which is quite a bit above the minus four that we saw in the fourth quarter. You touched on supply constraints, maintenance turnarounds, and dual control actions in China. Is it the case that, you know, fourth quarter was unduly depressed by these sort of fleeting or temporary effects, such that, you know, we'll come back quickly to 6%? If so, you know, might that happen as soon as the first quarter, or do you think that takes longer, or more patience as the year progresses?
Yeah. Good morning, Kevin. It's a very good question, and we will ramp into this as we go through the year. Think about it this way. It was this time last year, I think it was February last year that we had the freeze in Texas that took pretty much the whole state of Texas down. A lot of capacity came out. By March, we were back and we ran hard through the month of March. What happened during that time was inventories got depleted pretty much through the chain. Then we had a very strong second, third quarter. There wasn't a chance to really rebuild any inventories. We had an October hurricane, again, pressure on inventories, and then we had logistics constraints all through the year.
In fact, March was our best marine pack cargo exports after the freeze, and December was the best month we've had since March. Yeah, it took that long to really kind of scale back out of it. Gradually, we're seeing improvement month by month, on marine pack cargo exports. We were constrained by the fact that there, you know, if you had inventory, it might not have been in the right grade for a customer. We were constrained a little bit by comonomers. Comonomers are very tight for the higher olefins sector. And we were constrained by logistics. And so that's, and the Terneuzen situation in Europe obviously put a curtailment on taking orders in the fourth quarter. I think that's a bit of an anomaly, that was specific to those issues.
I think the underlying demand growth is still there, and the order book is still strong.
We will now move on to our next question from John McNulty of BMO Capital Markets. Please go ahead. Your line is now open.
Yeah, thanks for taking my question. I guess maybe two related things. On the supply chain impact that you guys had in terms of the hit to volumes in the quarter, can you help us to understand what that was? Maybe a little bit more broadly, when you think about the really tight freight and logistics markets right now and the impact that they're having on some of these very wide arbs, I guess, how are you thinking about how that plays out as we look through the rest of 2022?
Right. I think a good proxy for the supply chain impact would be to look at the Asia volumes year-over-year, and that'll give you a good indication on the Asia volumes because we had a strong fourth quarter last year. If you look at our fourth quarter sales volumes, they decreased in Asia, and that's mostly obviously China. I think you can look at that and see that opening back up, and that'll drive some of that 6% growth. Obviously, we have other markets that we serve out of the Gulf that'll come back. Some of that outage time was in Europe. Europe is really, you know, sized for the domestic market there. The business in Europe Q1 has been strong.
There hasn't been an issue with demand in Europe. I think we'll work through that. Team's working hard on the reliability and availability of schedule. That's been the biggest challenge. You've got something scheduled, and then worker shortages because somebody's tested positive for Omicron means they're not able to pick it up. That's the hand-to-hand that the team's dealing with right now.
We'll move on to our next question from Duffy Fischer of Barclays. Please go ahead. Your line is open.
Yeah, good morning. Two questions. The first one on your JVs, EBITDA is down $200 million, but cash equity dividends to you are up. Can you walk through the puts and takes on that? And then how should we think about those two moving together going forward? And then maybe more broadly, just on dual control. Now that you and the government there have had the opportunity to kind of go back and forth on some stuff, what do you think the impact in 2022 is gonna be on your business from dual control, and what do you think it's gonna do to your end markets?
Howard, you've got a good line of sight on the JVs. You wanna take a shot at that?
Sure. Hey, good morning, Duffy. Equity earnings were up. Year-over-year, they were up 224. Well, they were $224 million, up $118 million. Real gains in Kuwait, Thailand, and JV, primarily in P&SP in our industrial solutions business. You're right about cash. Our dividends are, they come a year in arrears. If you think about it, the reason why the cash was down this year is 'cause earnings last year were lower 2020 versus 2019. Obviously, the equity earnings were up in 2021. That's why this year in 2022, we're guiding that the dividends will be up about $250 million. You know, you should model in about $500 million-$600 million.
We targeted the midpoint of $550 million of higher cash from our JV dividends in 2022.
In China, on dual control, Duffy, the biggest thing that we had our eye on was obviously silicon metal for silicones is an energy-intensive process. Early on, there was some concern that China was gonna curtail some of that manufacturing. We were able to move some silicon metal from Brazil because we have production there as well to kinda offset. That's why in the fourth quarter, we pulled some turnaround time into the fourth quarter for Zhangjiagang for silicones, and that's done now. Over the course of the fourth quarter, both our industry and the solar industry, you know, made sure it was obvious to the Chinese government that the impact that that would have on solar PV market and on our market as well.
Right now, those assets are not under the dual control curtailments. We keep a close eye on that. We are not in some of the other locations that have been more impacted by dual control. I think it could be positive, you know, for imports, for polyethylene, although I haven't seen that yet. We just keep a close eye on it. I think for silicones, we're in a good track. We're up and gonna have a strong first quarter there. The market demand and the volumes are good.
We will now move on to our next question from Alex Yefremov of KeyBanc. Please go ahead. Your line is open.
Thank you. Good morning, everyone. Howard, I wanted to follow up on your comment about $275 million of sequential margin pressure in the first quarter. If you get any of the $0.08 of polyethylene price increases that you nominate, does this number become better or does it include the $0.08?
Yeah, I think look, you've got Aleksey, good morning. I think you've got two moving parts or really three. You've got how much volume we can get, which will be the total margin dollars. You've got the price, and then you've got the cost structure. I mean, clearly what we're seeing is, you know, elevated natural gas prices in the U.S., and also significantly higher, you know, Brent pricing, which will impact naphtha. Certainly in Europe, our cost structure is gonna be higher. But I think the points that Jim mentioned earlier, demand is very strong. You know, you are likely gonna see higher prices around the world. It is too soon to tell about Asia to the point that Jim made about Chinese New Year. We'll see what happens.
You've got good global GDP, you've got good manufacturing output, you've got good consumer spending. That will drive demand growth. With a higher feedstock cost, whether it's on a natural gas basis in the Americas or oil Brent, naphtha in the rest of the world, that will put pressure on price. You know, the best that we can do is our view is that -$275 million margin offset by $125 million of favorable net positive sequential turnarounds. That's how you get to that, you know, $280 ± number.
We'll now move on to our next question from Arun Viswanathan from RBC Capital Markets. Please go ahead. Your line is open.
Great. Thanks for taking my question. Congratulations on a strong year there. I guess we talked a lot about the polyethylene market, so maybe I could also just get you guys to elaborate on your outlook for polyurethanes as well as silicones. Could you just comment on those two markets as well? Thanks.
Yeah, Arun, thank you. Polyurethane market strength and, you know, furniture and bedding, appliances, construction, everything related to housing is very good. In that segment, II&I segment also industrial solutions, market strength, pharma, home cleaning, food. We have some feed additives in there, crop defense, intermediates for crop defense and electronics are all very strong. What you see is that the supply-demand is very constructive to the middle of this decade, whether you're looking at MDI, polypropylene glycol or ethylene oxide and ethylene oxide derivatives are all very strong through mid-decade. You know, we think that, even though automotive is a little bit constrained right now because of semiconductor chip shortages, we expect that's gonna ease throughout the year, and especially the second half is gonna be better.
Light vehicle production estimates for this year, about 85 million units around the world. That'll be up from last year, so that's positive. Electric vehicle trends are good for us. There's more content on an EV for us than there is on an internal combustion engine vehicle, but both of them continue to look good. I think that's good. A little bit slower operating rates on propylene oxide because the new capacity has come on. But net-net, the systems business, which is a strong driver of the profitability is gonna be good. Just to give you an example on building and construction, we're looking at kind of 4% market growth rate similar to last year, electronics 6%.
I think we've got a good trend in front of us.
I think that's all the time. That's all the time we have, today. Thanks everyone for joining our call. We appreciate your interest in Dow. For your reference, a copy of our transcript will be posted on Dow's website within, about 24 hours or so. This concludes our call. Thank you very much.
Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes today's conference call. Thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect.