Ladies and gentlemen, good day, and welcome to the Leonardo DRS fourth quarter and full year 2023 earnings conference call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. Following the company's prepared remarks, there will be an opportunity to ask questions, and instructions will be given at that time. As a reminder, this event is being recorded. I would like to now turn the conference over to Steve Vather, Vice President of Investor Relations and Corporate Finance. Please go ahead.
Good morning, and welcome, everyone. Thanks for participating on today's quarterly earnings conference call. With me today are Bill Lynn, our Chairman and CEO, and Mike Dippold, our CFO. They will discuss our strategy, operational highlights, financial results, and forward outlook. Today's call is being webcast on the investor relations portion of the website, where you'll also find the earnings release and supplemental presentation. Management may also make forward-looking statements during the call regarding future events and anticipated future trends and anticipated future performance of the company. We caution you that such statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. Actual results may differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements due to a variety of factors. For full discussion of these risk factors, please refer to our latest Form 10-K and our other SEC filings.
We undertake no obligation to update any of the forward-looking statements made on this call. During this call, management will also discuss non-GAAP financial measures, which we believe provide useful information for investors. These non-GAAP measures should not be evaluated in isolation or as a substitute for GAAP performance measures. You can find a reconciliation of the non-GAAP measures discussed on this call in our earnings release. At this time, I'll turn the call over to Bill. Bill?
Thanks, Steve, and thank you all for tuning in and your interest in Leonardo DRS. I'd like to start by expressing my sincere gratitude to the entire DRS team for their incredible contributions in delivering for both our customers and our shareholders. We continue to build on our execution track record and ended the year on solid footing, resulting in exceptional financial results for 2023. For the year, our revenue growth accelerated to 5%, and when adjusting for the net divestiture impact, we grew approximately 7% on an organic basis. Additionally, we excelled at capturing bookings and achieved a 1.2 book-to-bill ratio for the year. We saw impressive demand for our solutions in naval and ground network computing, electric power and propulsion, and multi-mission advanced sensing. Our total backlog grew by 82% to a new company record of $7.8 billion.
This reflects the over $3 billion contract for the rest of the Columbia-class electric power and propulsion systems that I briefly mentioned last quarter, and also a diverse set of contract awards secured throughout the year. In 2023, we also delivered Adjusted EBITDA growth, but at a slightly lower pace than our top line. We managed through peak inflationary headwinds and had increased G&A from greater investment in internal R&D and higher public company costs. Lastly, 2023 free cash flow was robust at $159 million and was a result of significantly stronger than expected fourth quarter collections. Moving to the budget market environment, we are closely monitoring the progress of FY 2024 appropriations, and at this time, we are cautiously optimistic on its timely passage.
The need to deter and counter growing and more sophisticated threats across increasingly connected and contested domains is prompting our customers to accelerate investment and to modernize capabilities. Furthermore, the dynamic global threat environment is palpable, and it is also spurring increased defense spending by our allies. Our portfolio is closely aligned to these well-funded priorities, and this is evidenced in our growing backlog and multiple years of robust bookings for our advanced technologies in sensing, network computing, force protection, and electric power and propulsion. The confidence we have in our ability to drive long-term growth is backstopped by strong, continued customer demand and our healthy opportunity pipeline. Shifting now to operational highlights, I'm pleased with the broad strength evident across our business. Throughout the year, we continued to expand our well-fortified market positions, secured new business wins, and sharpened our differentiation through R&D investments.
Our long-term strategy to drive a growing, resilient, and diverse business is reflected in our evolving mix. First, growth in our electric power and propulsion and naval network computing businesses drove the Navy to become our largest end customer, which is a first for us in several decades. The Navy now represents nearly 40% of revenue today and an even greater percentage of our total backlog, given the recent Columbia-class contract secured in the last 18 months. The importance of the Navy and the long-term growth opportunity we see with this customer is driving capital investment in the form of a new facility in South Carolina. This new investment is approximately $120 million over the next three years, with the goal of initial occupancy by 2026.
There is a clear, long-term, fast-growing, addressable opportunity set for DRS, given our customers' need for next-generation capabilities to overmatch potential near peer adversaries. Alternative technologies to electric power and propulsion are inadequate in their ability to scale to the power requirements needed for the future.... We fundamentally believe that it is a question of when, not if, this technology is adopted for next-generation destroyers as well as other platforms. Secondly, strong global demand from allies for our ground network computing and advanced sensing technologies resulted in a meaningful increase in international revenues. Our international customer exposure grew to 10% of revenue for the year. While customer demand was most evident for technologies residing in our ASC segment, we believe there are clear international growth opportunities across our business.
In addition to a shift in customer mix, we are continuing to see new and growing addressable missions emerge for our technologies. Our uncooled infrared sensors, tactical radars, high frequency, and software-defined radios stand out in particular. Some of these increasing missions include applications in signals intelligence, secure communications, missiles, and also both ground and airborne force protection. I'm pleased to report that we also continued to make progress in the space market through wins on next-generation civilian weather satellites in 2023. That said, in the missile defense arena, we saw solid customer interest in our technology, but that interest has been slower to translate into contract awards. We are maintaining a long-term focus on growing our share in the space defense market. Earlier, I mentioned that one of the drivers for increased G&A costs in 2023 was an uptick in internal R&D investment.
As you know, this was a conscious decision to invest in expanding our differentiation and propelling future growth. Our internal R&D as a percentage of revenue approached 3% in 2023, which is consistent with peers operating comparable business models. On prior calls, I have detailed some of our investment initiatives, including integrated sensing, cyber-hardened and assured PNT capabilities for network computing, increased mobility for counter UAS solutions, among other technology advancements. Today, I wanted to highlight that throughout the year, we debuted three brand-new radars for new applications in force protection and longer-range air defense. Overall, our tactical radar portfolio has been incredibly well-received as we continue to generate strong customer demand across active protection, air defense, and force protection markets. Secondly, we recently unveiled a new family of lasers that cover a wider spectrum of light.
These new lasers are critical to helping solve the foundational problems in advancing defense and commercial quantum computing and sensing challenges. Shifting to program execution, we made significant progress in 2023 to advance our development programs into sustainable production efforts across the portfolio. The team has done a remarkable job in improving execution. We will maintain, though, a consistent focus on this front to maximize outcomes for our customers and our shareholders alike. Before I turn the call over to Mike, let me wrap up my remarks by underscoring that our strategy is creating value for our customers, employees, and shareholders. I'm proud of what we have achieved. Our focus remains on continuing to execute our strategy to accelerate growth, drive margin expansion, and generate consistent cash flow. Mike, over to you to review our financial performance in 2024 outlook.
Thanks, Bill, and thank you to the entire team for their remarkable efforts throughout the year to deliver the excellent financial results for 2023. Revenue was $926 million for the fourth quarter, accelerating total growth to 13% and 11% on an organic basis. For the year, revenue was $2.8 billion, representing a 5% total growth and 7% organic growth from 2022. We saw broad-based demand drive growth in both Q4 and 2023 full year. Our advanced sensing and computing segment revenue growth for the year was driven by strength in naval network computing and multi-mission advanced sensing programs, particularly leveraging our tactical radars, lasers, tactical communications, and electronic warfare technology. Our Integrated Mission Systems segment revenues benefited from strong contribution from electric power and propulsion programs to drive growth for the year. Now to Adjusted EBITDA.
Adjusted EBITDA was $131 million for the fourth quarter and $324 million for the full year, representing year-over-year growth of 9% and 2% respectively. Resulting margins were 14.1% for the fourth quarter and 11.5% for the full year, a decline of 60 and 30 basis points, respectively. Higher volume at the top line resulted in Adjusted EBITDA growth, but we faced headwinds to Adjusted EBITDA margin, primarily from higher G&A due to greater investments in internal R&D and an uptick in public company costs. Moving to the segment trends, ASC segment Adjusted EBITDA increased and margin expanded for the year, mostly on better volume and better mix. IMS segment Adjusted EBITDA and margin were down due to unfavorable mix and higher G&A spend for the year.
These headwinds mask the strong execution on our Columbia-class program, which is progressing favorably towards higher margins in 2024 and beyond. Now to the bottom-line metrics. Solid operational execution translated to net earnings growth of 14% to $74 million for the fourth quarter, but declined for the full year. As a reminder, the compare for the full year net earnings is skewed given the sizable net gain on the divestitures recorded in 2022. Adjusted net earnings were $83 million for the fourth quarter and $194 million for the full year, demonstrating a growth of 2% and 8% versus the prior year. The compares for both diluted EPS and Adjusted Diluted EPS in the quarter and full year continued to be impacted by the diluted share count growth from the all-stock combination with RADA.
Exiting the year, our fully diluted share count should have more stability, making the comparisons moving forward, hopefully cleaner. Moving to free cash flow. Consistent with historical trends, free cash flow exhibited year-end strength and was $494 million in Q4, reflecting robust collection and benefit from favorable timing that accelerated cash into the quarter. As a result, full-year free cash flow was significantly ahead of our expectations at $159 million. We continued to strengthen our balance sheet and have expanded capacity for value-enhancing capital deployment. As discussed, our capital deployment strategy is focused on both organic and inorganic growth. While we continue to evaluate bolt-on M&A opportunities that fit our strategy and show potential of being value additive to our business, we remain disciplined and to date, have not found compelling opportunities to transact on.
Organic investments in the near term are presenting greater long-term value to our business. As Bill briefly mentioned earlier, we are embarking on building a new coastal facility in South Carolina to support our fast-growing electric power and propulsion business. This investment will increase our capital expenditures over the next few years, but even with that uptick in CapEx, we expect to maintain solid free cash flow conversion. We have rigorously evaluated the merits of this capital project and have determined there is an overwhelming reason to proceed and have a clear path to delivering returns in excess of our return on invested capital targets over the long term. This organic investment has not changed our active interest in pursuing M&A targets aligned to our strategic and financial criteria. Now to our 2024 guidance.
We expect to capitalize on the momentum built throughout 2023 into strong organic growth and margin expansion this year. We are initiating a revenue range between $2.925 billion and $3.25 billion, representing a 4%-7% growth, all of which is organic. Assumed that our guidance is a reasonable and timely passage of the FY 2024 appropriations. We expect the quarterly cadence to be less pronounced compared to 2023, but we are still anticipating the same general trend, where revenues will build throughout the year with comparable statements on average to what we saw in years prior to 2023. Lastly, for revenue, I would condition you to expect Q1 revenue just shy of $650 million.
Moving to Adjusted EBITDA, we are expecting between $365 million and $390 million for 2024. The implied year-over-year margin improvement is in the range of 100 basis points- 140 basis points. The transition of our development programs to production, namely Columbia-class, but others as well, are the primary drivers for this significant margin expansion. Additionally, we expect stability in our G&A costs as a percentage of revenue and an easing of the inflation impact on our portfolio. Finally, as you may recall, we period expense our G&A, thus, greater revenue volume typically drops to Adjusted EBITDA. Given my comments on our quarterly revenue trajectory, you should calibrate your models accordingly. Now to Adjusted Diluted EPS. We are initiating a range between $0.74 and $0.82 a share.
Embedded in this guidance is the tax rate of 22.5%. We are assuming a fully diluted share count of 268 million, and I would also note that we expect depreciation to trend towards 2.4% of revenue. Lastly, with respect to free cash flow conversion, we are adjusting the conversion from our previously communicated target of 90% to approximately 80% for the year. This adjustment is entirely due to the first-year costs associated with the new coastal facility project. Our ability to generate strong cash flow remains unchanged. Separately, while there is some optimism, optimism on the modification of Section 174 provisions, we believe it premature to incorporate this into our outlook. Let me wrap up with a couple of thoughts before we move to questions.
Our 2023 results and business momentum are evident and speak for themselves. While the macro environment remains dynamic, there is consistency in our customer demand, our backlog is growing, and we have demonstrated a clear ability to execute. As a team, we are focused on leveraging our strong market position to drive long-term value for our customers, for our shareholders, and employees. We look forward to seeing many of you in a few weeks at our upcoming Investor Day in New York on March 14th. With that, we are ready to take your questions.
Thank you. At this time, we will begin the question and answer session. To ask a question, please press star one one on your telephone and wait for your name to be announced. To withdraw your question, please press star one one again. Please stand by, we compile the Q&A roster. Our first question comes from the line of Robert Stallard with Vertical Research. Please proceed with your question.
Thanks so much. Good morning.
[crosstalk]
I'll start with Bill. On this whole budget situation in D.C., have you actually seen any impact on your business from this uncertainty as yet? And, what sort of contingencies are you building in, in case we don't actually get a budget?
Yeah, thanks, Rob. I mean, unfortunately, short-term CRs and even short shutdowns have become a little bit too standard, so that those right, right now wouldn't show an impact on us. On a longer-term CR, we still see is unlikely, and that's because in order, there's still strong bipartisan support for defense, given the threat in Ukraine, the longer-term threat in China. So the only way you see a long-term CR is if the whole budget process fails, and we think that's unlikely. But in any event, the low end of our guidance range captures that downside risk.
Okay. And then secondly, you finished 2023 with a net cash on the balance sheet, and you made a couple of comments about M&A still being something you're interested in. But given the cash situation here, do you think it's feasible to start thinking about paying a dividend?
No, Rob, at this point, our priorities continue to be organic investment. We announced the maritime facilities, so we're moving forward on that, and we're actively looking for M&A in our four core markets. We have a good pipeline. We do have strict financial criteria, but we are seeing opportunities that we think might be attractive. We have nothing to announce at this point, but we're actively looking for M&A, and so that remains the priority, M&A and organic investment.
Okay. And then just finally, one for Mike, on the South Carolina investment. I was wondering, do you have any sort of government support or contracts lined up, in relation to this investment? And how do you expect the CapEx profile on this facility to pan out over the next couple of years?
Sure. I'll start with the latter part of that first, which is, we're just commencing this initiative, so the spend profile will be relatively linear, between where we are today, through the 2026 occupancy date that Bill alluded to. So think of it kind of that way, Rob, in your model. In terms of this investment, this investment is really geared towards the Columbia-class and the Rest-of-Class program, and that's really where we're expecting to make our return on this investment. So therefore, that's the $120 million we referenced is really DRS's investment. What it does do, though, is it enables us to be part of the conversations for the industrial base initiative to increase throughput prospectively, and that's how we're viewing this, Rob.
Okay. That's great. Thanks so much.
Our next question comes from the line of Seth Seifman with JP Morgan. Please proceed with your question.
Hey, thanks very much, and, good morning.
Morning, Seth.
Morning. Wanted to, I guess, start off asking a little bit about the growth and kind of given the, you know, given the strong results that we saw in ASC in the fourth quarter. I mean, I know there's a quarterly profile here, and so, you know, we'll see that step down sequentially in Q1. But just given the level of growth that we saw and thinking about the growth that you're looking for overall at the company, I mean, it would seem that the advanced sensing and computing business should grow significantly faster than the average level of company growth that you're forecasting for 2024. I guess, first of all, is that a fair assumption to make?
And if so, is there, you know, is there something in particular that kind of weighs down the growth at IMS to get to that average level that you're forecasting?
Thanks, Seth. I'll take that one. I wouldn't necessarily view the segment growth as being differentiated between ASC and IMS. And really where I'm looking at there when I make that comment is the bookings profile and the book-to-bill ratio that we had and the growth in backlog. Both of those segments had kind of proportional growth on the backlog, excluding the unfunded piece for Columbia at IMS. And we do expect both of the segments to contribute to the growth that we outlaid in the 2024 guide pretty proportionally.
Right. Okay, okay. And but, but I guess in, in terms of the then, you know, is there, is there some reason to think about, was there something really outsized about 4Q 2023 in, in advanced sensing and computing, that, that wouldn't suggest that this kind of... I understand it's not a quarterly run rate, but at least from a, a seasonally adjusted quarterly run rate, you know, do you-
Yeah, no.
The Q4 results took you up to a seasonally adjusted quarterly run rate?
Yeah, no, a good question. I get where you're going now. So I think that one of the contributing factors to the Q4 contribution from ASC was that we started to see supply chain stabilization. And as we alluded to on previous calls, we started setting up kind of advanced procurements and other mitigations to really stabilize our supply chain and make sure that we could have the output that we predicted for that Q4 ramp. So we knew that there was going to be a little bit of a bow wave that created this anomaly in ASC in Q4 because of what we've seen in supply chain and the proactive mitigations we took to secure our confidence in being able to deliver that ramp in Q4.
I don't think you're going to see that quite as pronounced in the 2024 full year. So I think that's adding to the disconnect in Q4.
Got it. Got it. Thanks. Okay, and then, maybe one more kind of, top line related is just, you know, when you think about the bookings opportunities for this year and, you know, think about the potential book-to-bill, for 2024, you know, how, how are you thinking about that, including, you know, the opportunities relative to, to what you picked up in 2023? Understanding that there aren't the, the kind of giant Columbia, contracts out there.
Yeah. So first, I'll say from a 2023 perspective, when we do our book-to-bill ratio, we don't include the unfunded piece, so the book-to-bill, the 1.2 book-to-bill in 2023 was not dominated by Columbia. It was actually a holistic, you know, demand that we saw from, really stemming from these evolving threats that Bill alluded to in his speech just a moment ago. We don't guide to bookings, so we don't put out a number, but we do kind of target to make sure that our bookings are exceeding that 1:1 book-to-bill ratio. And as we look into 2024, we have confidence that we're going to be able to execute and continue to grow backlog.
Great. Great. Thanks very much. I'll leave it there for now.
Thanks.
Our next question comes from the line of Peter Arment with Baird. Please proceed with your question.
Yeah, good morning, Bill, Mike, Steve. Hey, hey, Mike, you called out the, the Columbia as being, you know, a big piece of the, Adjusted EBITDA margin expansion of 100 basis points-140 basis points, but you said there were others. Maybe you could just give us a little more color about some of the other programs that are, or that are, you know, helping you on the, on the expansion side.
Yeah. So there's a couple of programs. I think as we kind of showed this margin expansion historically over the past couple of years, it's been as we've been moving these next-generation programs into a larger production base. Columbia has been the highlight on that, but there's been others, particularly in our kind of ground-based and dismounted sensing programs. We're seeing that transition out of our ASC segment, and then you've got the Columbia piece on the IMS. Those are the real headlines that you're gonna see move and continue to drive this positive margin occurrence that we're anticipating.
Okay. And then just circling back to the CapEx in South Carolina. So, this—it sounds like it's all for supporting Columbia and then eventually being part of the conversation to help throughput at the yards, and so that picks up incremental business. How do we think about other opportunities for electronic propulsion on surface ships, and would that require a lot more CapEx? And just maybe high-level thoughts, Bill. Thanks.
Yeah. No, Peter, you've got it right. The business case for the facility, the $120 million investment, is based on that large multiyear Columbia award. That gave us the assurance to go forward with this facility, and it's gonna drive additional capability, capacity that will drive higher margins. But it also gives us the ability and the capacity to go after future work on new platforms. And that's a key part. That's basically upside to the initial investment, but it does position us for that kind of expansion. And then in parallel, it positions us, as Mike was talking about, to participate in the general expansion of the submarine industrial base that Congress is funding and the Navy is pursuing.
We're in active discussions with the Navy and the yards as to how you'd align work between the yards and the suppliers to drive that increased throughput, and the facility is a key part of that conversation.
Appreciate the color. Thanks, guys.
Thanks.
Our next question comes from the line of Ronald... Sorry, Ronald Epstein with Bank of America. Please proceed with your question.
Hey, good morning. Thank you for the call. This is Jordan Lyonnais on for Ron. Could you guys talk about the opportunities you're seeing in space? Do you think there's an opportunity in SDA for the Proliferated Warfighter, and what those opportunities look like?
Yeah, no, thanks for the question, Jordan. For as we've talked about, space is a long-term play for us. What we're really focused on doing is try and move from what we really have now, which is a niche capability, and move that to really a core part of our new base. We have had early success, as we talked about in weather satellites. And on the missile defense, where your question's focused, we've seen strong customer interest in our payloads. We have some unique capabilities in the low Earth orbit area. That did translate into a Tranche 1 Tracking Layer award. But that's just the first step, and we need to have more awards. That's a longer-term play.
We do think we have customer receptivity, and we're gonna continue to pursue this over the next 18-24 months.
Great. Thank you so much.
Our next question comes from the line of Michael Ciarmoli with Truist Securities. Please proceed with your question.
Hey, good morning, guys. Thanks for taking the questions. Maybe just a couple of quick ones first. I guess, Mike, in terms of bookings, do you guys think you can have maybe I missed it, but do you think you can have a book-to-bill greater than 1 in 2024? I know we've got some budget uncertainty. It sounds like the low end of the range kind of captures that, but how are you thinking about the bookings outlook?
Yeah, that's it, as I said earlier, I don't think we guide to bookings. Well, we don't guide to bookings, but I'm gonna answer your question a little differently. I think that the threat evolution that we're seeing, and that's being highlighted by the conflicts that we're seeing around the globe, is certainly continuing to drive demand to our product set. So although we don't guide the bookings, we're confident that we can push higher than a 1-to-1 book-to-bill ratio for 2024.
Okay. I mean, could you give us any color? I mean, are you seeing growth in your overall pipeline of opportunities, you know, across the range of capabilities? Is one area, you know, becoming stronger than others? Any kind of color you could give us there?
... Yeah, I think, as Bill kind of alluded to, what we're seeing with these conflicts abroad, although we don't have a lot of direct sales to Ukraine or to Israel at this point in time, they have certainly highlighted a capability that you need, a more integrated and communicated battlefield. And we're starting to see the demands from that in our advanced sensing space, in particular. That is where we're seeing a lot of those. The force protection business, the tactical radars, that is where we're seeing a lot of demand, really stemming from what became apparent with the conflicts that we're seeing, both in Israel and Ukraine.
Got it. Got it. And then you talked about the international revenues. I mean, do you guys have sort of a target of where you think international—I mean, you just said you don't have a lot into Ukraine or Israel, but do you kind of have a goal or a target as to where you think you can get international revenues as a percent of total?
We haven't set a specific target. As we said, we've moved up to 10%. That over the last five or six years represents a doubling of a proportion. And as we move programs from development to production, as we've talked about, we have a kind of a bubble of programs that are moving in both the sensing and propulsion area from development to production. It's when those programs hit production, as you see international opportunities. So we think we're gonna see more international opportunities, and as we refine those, we may set a target, but right now, we're looking to have a steady increase, but we haven't named a specific target.
Got it. Got it. And then, last one for me. Just on the Columbia program itself, can you just give us a general update? I think you're currently working ship set two. I think maybe you kind of said you were starting ship set three, and, you know, I think that program was expected to be pretty positive for margins. So it, do we have that right? Are you guys kind of, sort of marching along to your stated path there?
Basically, you have it. We're actually still finishing the initial contract, which goes back to ship set one. We are working on ship set two, which is better margins, and we've just started ship set three, which has still better margins because it's part of the contract that was negotiated with the new higher inflation assumptions. So with that stairstep, as we go up each ship set, at least for the initial ones, we'll see that kind of step up in margins each year.
Got it. Perfect. Thanks, guys. I'll jump back in the queue.
Thanks.
As a reminder, to ask a question, please press star one, one on your phone. Our next question comes from the line of Jon Tanwanteng with CJS Securities. Please proceed with your question.
Hi, good morning. Thank you for taking my questions. I was wondering about the new facility. You mentioned it was mostly for the Columbia. What does that do for your Columbia program economics on a per boat basis or a consolidated basis to the company, you know, when it comes online?
Sure, Jon. So yeah, this, this investment is, is really geared toward driving efficiencies, looking at complex builds on the Columbia, and figuring out what we can, we can take inside here, and make sure with that we maximize our efficiencies, maximize our margins. And from that, with this new facility, we believe we've got a good path to increase the returns on that program, as we start executing when this facility goes live.
Okay. And then, do you still expect to participate in Navy or government-funded expansion, in the industrial base versus self-funding, in the future?
That's the goal, Jon. We think that the—as Mike said, the business case for this facility is based on the Columbia-class, and that analysis compares well to an acquisition. It would just give you an idea. It would give you, if you did it in that kind of analysis, you'd have a sub-10 multiple comparing it to an acquisition. So financially, this was a very strong move, but also it positions us, as you're suggesting, to be a part of that submarine industrial base expansion, and by extension, part of the Navy investment in that.
So we would look, as we go forward, for some Navy investment if we were to expand this facility to improve the throughput at the yards by moving work to their suppliers.
Got it. That's, that's helpful. And then, Mike, if you could just talk about your cash flow in 2024 and the cadence. Is that expected to be normal from a seasonal basis, or are there any puts and takes versus how you've seen that flow in historical versus your historical performance?
Yeah, I think it's going to be kind of typically as we've seen in terms of that same quarterly trend and that seasonality skewing towards the fourth quarter. You know, I think the linearity will be a bit improved, but I still think the large majority of the cash will reside in Q4.
Is there any way you can help us ballpark where the trough level of free cash will be as you go through Q1?
Yeah, it typically kind of goes along with what we see from, you know, kind of the revenue output. So as we start really liquidating and pushing up the revenues towards Q4, although we mentioned we're gonna be a bit better this year from a linearity perspective, that additional revenue and the way we, you know, kind of have a fixed G&A rate, if you will, that's pretty linear, you'll see that profit tick up, and with that profit will come the working capital liquidations of cash. So as you start modeling out the revenue, you kind of look at that to be the impetus to really drive the cash into the Q4 ramp, if you will.
Got it. Thank you.
At this time, I will turn the floor back to Steve Vather for closing remarks.
Thank you all for your time this morning and your interest in DRS. Of course, if you have follow-up questions, please don't hesitate to call or email me. I look forward to speaking with all of you again soon. Have a great day.
Thank you. This concludes today's conference. You may disconnect now. Thank you all for participating.