Good morning, everyone, and welcome to the FTI Consulting third quarter 2022 earnings conference call. All participants will be in a listen-only mode. Should you need assistance, please signal a conference specialist by pressing the star key followed by zero. After today's presentation, there will be an opportunity to ask questions. To ask a question, you may press star and then one on your telephone keypad. To withdraw your questions, you may press star and two. Please also note today's event is being recorded. At this time, I would like to turn the floor over to Mollie Hawkes, Vice President of Investor Relations. Ma'am, please go ahead.
Good morning. Welcome to the FTI Consulting conference call to discuss the company's third quarter 2022 earnings results as reported this morning. Management will begin with formal remarks, after which they will take your questions. Before we begin, I would like to remind everyone that this conference call may include forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that involve risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements include statements concerning plans, objectives, goals, strategies, future events, future revenues, future results and performance, expectations, plans, or intentions relating to financial performance, acquisitions, share repurchases, business trends, ESG-related matters, and other information or other matters that are not historical, including statements regarding estimates of our future financial results and other matters.
For a discussion of risks and other factors that may cause actual results or events to differ from those contemplated by forward-looking statements, investors should review the Safe Harbor statement in the earnings press release issued this morning, a copy of which is available on our website at www.fticonsulting.com, as well as other disclosures under the headings of Risk Factors and Forward-Looking Information in our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30th, 2022, our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31st, 2021, and in our other filings with the SEC. Investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this earnings call and will not be updated.
During the call, we will discuss certain non-GAAP financial measures, such as total segment operating income, adjusted EBITDA, total adjusted segment EBITDA, adjusted earnings per diluted share, adjusted net income, adjusted EBITDA margin, and free cash flow. For a discussion of these and other non-GAAP financial measures, as well as our reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measures, investors should review the press release and the accompanying financial tables that we issued this morning, which include the reconciliation. Lastly, there are two items that have been posted to the Investor Relations section of our website for your reference. These include a quarterly earnings presentation and an Excel and PDF of our historical, financial, and operating data, which have been updated to include our third quarter 2022 results.
Of note, during today's prepared remarks, management will not speak directly to the quarterly earnings presentation posted to the Investor Relations section of our website. To ensure our disclosures are consistent, these slides provide the same details as they have historically, and as I have said, are available on the Investor Relations section of our website. With these formalities out of the way, I am joined today by Steven Gunby, our President and Chief Executive Officer, and Ajay Sabherwal, our Chief Financial Officer. At this time, I will turn the call over to President and Chief Executive Officer, Steven Gunby.
Thank you, Mollie. Welcome, everyone, and thank you all for joining us this morning. As always, Ajay will go through the numbers in some detail. First, with your permission, I'd like to share a few perspectives that hit me, some thoughts that hit me as I reviewed those numbers. The first reaction I had, which may be similar to the reaction that some of you had when you first saw these numbers this morning was, wow. The numbers this quarter are amazing. This is another extraordinary quarter, another in a long line of extraordinary quarters. A very bullish reaction that I'd like to share. The second reaction I had as I looked at the numbers a little more fully was less bullish, and I wanna also share that.
As I examined the numbers a little closer, the numbers in some real sense overstated the underlying strength of the business this quarter. Though there were parts of the business that did extraordinarily well, in fact, parts that did exceeded Ajay's and my expectations. In fact, more parts of the business underperformed Ajay's and my expectations than overperformed. We had, in the words I've used before, a few more zags than zigs this quarter. What I found as I looked more closely, in fact, that a big driver of the extraordinary level of results this quarter was not the underlying business performance, but some major one-time factors that happened to cut in our favor this quarter. So that's a less bullish point that I'd also like to share. The third point is the one that I think I don't need quarters to think about.
It's one I think about all the time and that we've talked about many times, which is a broader perspective point, which is that there are always quarterly zigs and zags. To me, they aren't in any long-term view particularly significant. What is far more important is to check in and say, where are we as a whole, the company, in terms of the medium-term trajectory? That's a bullish point that I'd like to close with because I'd like to close with sharing my view that right now in every segment and every geography around the globe. We are continuing to build teams and the capabilities we need to win for our clients and our firm. We're attracting and developing people who can help our clients on the most sophisticated issues.
My experience is that when we do that, those short-term factors can either buoy a quarter, as it did this quarter, or hit a quarter, as it has in some times in the past. Over any extended period of time when one does that, the core underlying business will continue to soar. Those are the three points I'd like to cover, and with your permission, I'd like to dive a little bit more into each of them. With respect to the first point, as I said up front, I'm guessing a few of you may have had the same initial reaction that I had to the numbers, which was, "Wow, these are amazing." If you haven't had a chance to look at them, once again, we reported record revenues and record EPS.
In fact, on the revenues, we delivered double-digit organic revenue growth in the face of FX headwinds. If you exclude the FX headwinds, it was 15% top-line growth year-over-year. Perhaps even more powerful, and maybe most surprising, that translated to $2.15 in earnings per share. When I saw that number, I took out a calculator and just compared it to where the earnings of this company were my first full year I was here, because I thought this was about 50% higher than where we were, and it turns out that's about right. The quarterly earnings this quarter were 50% higher than the entire year's earnings the first year I was here. When I did that calculation, I was impressed by the number.
I became less bullish, however, when I began to isolate the underlying business from what were more one-time factors. We've talked about this before. You always have to do that isolation because even though over any longer period of time, one-time factors tend to even out, in any given quarter, one-time factors like remeasurement gains, FX remeasurement gains or losses or tax rates or success fees can seriously affect quarterly results. If they happen to cut all negatively in a quarter, the numbers, in my opinion, end up understating the strength of the underlying business. Conversely, if they all cut positively, the reverse is true. In this quarter, there were some major one-time factors that happened to cut in our favor.
One of those we talked about last quarter, which was the major revenue deferrals in econ, deferrals that we expected to recoup this quarter, and we did. Those deferrals, of course, mean that last quarter's revenues and profits, in some real sense, understate the underlying performance of the business that quarter. This quarter's revenues and profits, in some sense, overstate the underlying performance this quarter. That, of course, we knew about and we talked about. Perhaps more significant were two additional benefits for this quarter. We had substantial FX remeasurement gains this quarter. Those come and go. They're very hard to predict. At this quarter, they happened to cut very positively, as Ajay will talk about in some detail. For a variety of reasons, we ended up this quarter with a very low tax rate.
If you strip out the effects of all those one-time benefits, it was not a bad quarter, but neither was it the extraordinary one that $2.15 in EPS would suggest. That being said, if you dive down a level, some parts of our business did terrifically well and/or better than our expectations. At the same time, other parts did not perform as well as we expected or hoped. There are lots, as always, lots of examples, but let me give you just a flavor of some of the to's and fro's. Within CorpFin, our U.S. business continued to outperform, but some overseas markets, particularly Europe, were weak. In FLC, health solutions and cyber continued to soar, while some other businesses lagged our expectations.
In tech, we had record revenues, but the investment we have made in headcount and associated compensation, together with price pressure, meant that EBITDA growth did not fully follow suit. Let me spend a minute on EMEA. As we've talked about EMEA, I am, and I think the entire leadership team and the entire company, is extraordinarily proud of the multi-year trajectory our teams in Europe have been able to build there. We are very bullish on the investments we are making for the next generation of growth. However, some of the extraordinary stresses going on in Europe have meant that in this quarter, like in fact every quarter this year, that business has continued to fall short of our expectations.
Ajay will give you more details on some of the various to's and fro's, but my takeaway was overall that when you normalize for the one-time factors, this feels more like a solid quarter. A solid quarter rather than an extraordinary one, with some parts of the business is doing great and other parts dealing with market realities and with work to do. So more typical than extraordinary. All of which leads me back to the third point, the one I automatically keep in mind and tend to be focused on not just on quarterly times, but always, which is quarters are nice, but you have to look past the quarter. You have to look to past the quarter to say, where are we with respect to the multi-year trajectory that we aspire to for this company?
The goal of always building an ever-stronger company, an ever-more powerful company, a more capable company, one that's focused on the right parts of the market, being able to deliver for our clients, to attract great talent, to develop talent, and therefore build a company that performs for our clients, that attracts and performs for our people, and performs for you, our shareholders. I think everyone on this call knows that over the last several years, the success we've had has not been because every business in every part of the world went up in a straight line every quarter. The world, the competitive landscape, the markets, the disruptions in the market always create zigzags. Zigzags that sometimes just require courage to stay the course, to persevere through short-term dislocations when you have the right focus and the right teams.
In other points, zigzags that require work to do to adjust to new market realities. My experience is when we have teams that are actively making those determinations and actively making those adjustments, when we have teams focused that way, we make, we don't make the zigzags go away, but we make the zigzag line over any extended period of time in every one of our businesses, zigzag around upward sloping lines. When I take that step and look past the specifics of the quarter, that, more in my view, fundamental set of reflections. When I talk with our teams around the world, engage in strategy conversations all around the world. Talk with the leaders of segments and Ajay and with our clients. That leaves me in the most fundamentally bullish place. It doesn't deny the realities of the world.
Yes, when I talk about the restructuring markets with our teams in places around the world, some places are still near all-time lows. Unless you believe restructurings have gone away, the tremendous progress that our company has made, that our teams have made and are making around the world in attracting and developing talent to build more leading positions in more places, I have to believe that ultimately that will create enormous value for our clients who will have big needs, and therefore enormous value for our people and our shareholders. If you look at Europe today, both our teams and our clients are facing unbelievable disruptions. We all know them. There's a war, there's an energy crisis, there's political tumult in many markets. There's inflation, there are supply chain disruptions.
There are myriad government actions trying to cope with all those issues. All of that arguably makes it an incredibly challenging time for us to embark on the next tripling of Europe. It's also true today that if you had the experience that I have going around those countries, talking with our people, you, I believe, would come to the same conclusion I have. Which is by far, we have today the most capable set of teams we have ever had in Europe. Not just in the U.K., where we now have a strong team across almost all segments and have for a while, but also today in Germany, in France, in Brussels, in Spain, the Netherlands, Italy, the Middle East.
We have teams in those markets that are out in the market focused on building businesses, listening to clients so they can adjust to the current needs, to react to the current circumstances. Adjust their offerings to ensure we're anticipating the needs of today. In my experience, if you have terrific market-focused teams, you can still have short-term disruptions like we've seen this year. My experience is also in the medium term, if you have those teams, they create value. They create value that's relevant for our clients, relevant to today's realities in those markets, and the market ultimately recognizes that value. I see a fundamentally bullish story in the medium term for CorpFin and for Europe as a whole, as well as some of the other places we've had some shortfalls this year, whether it's parts of Asia or parts of FLC.
Let me come back to the three points. The $2.15 on its face looks terrific, but I'm actually not that excited by it. I actually think it overstates the underlying strength of the quarter. What I am excited about is the strategies, the conversations, and the ambitions of our people around this firm. To come away from those conversations with the view that this company has never been, in its long history, in as good a shape as we are today, has never had teams that are stronger or more client-focused or more focused on building and supporting the people who can build businesses, who can make a difference, who can drive major client results, and attract and develop great people. To me, far more important than that $2.15 in EPS is that reality.
It reinforces in me a view that we are closer to the beginning of this company's bright journey than we are to an end. That we can be and are continuing to be on a powerful multi-year trajectory to drive growth going forward. With that, Ajay, let me turn it over to you.
Thank you, Steve. Good morning, everybody. In my prepared remarks, I will take you through our company-wide and segment results and discuss guidance for the full year. Beginning with our third quarter results, we reported both record revenues and EPS this morning. Year-over-year, revenue growth, a lower tax rate, and an increase in FX remeasurement gains more than offset the impact of higher compensation, SG&A expenses, and weighted average shares outstanding, or WASA. Billable headcount grew 414 professionals or 7.4% sequentially. Though these headlines are impressive, as Steve said, they were in part boosted by one-time items. In particular, there are three key one-time items this quarter that should not be extrapolated.
First, when we announced Q2 results, we mentioned that in our Economic Consulting segment, we were unable to recognize significant revenues in the first half of the year, more than the typical level of such revenue deferrals, and that we fully expected to be able to recognize such revenue in the second half of the year. This quarter, conditions for revenue recognition were met, and such revenue was fully recognized and amounted to $21.4 million. Second, we were able to utilize our foreign tax credits against the licensing of our intellectual property, our brand, to additional foreign subsidiaries. This resulted in a reduction of $8.3 million in book taxes that contributed to a tax rate of 17% this quarter. Third, we had FX remeasurement gains from the rise in the US dollar that boosted pre-tax income by $7.1 million.
The outcome of FX remeasurement is inherently volatile. Our updated guidance for the year, with only one quarter remaining, is both narrower than the original range because of the passage of time and now has earnings per share in the bottom half of our original range. It is in part shaped by our expectation that these one-time items will not recur. Now turning to our third quarter results in more detail. Revenues of $775.9 million increased $73.6 million or 10.5% compared to revenues of $702.2 million in the prior year quarter. Excluding FX, revenues grew $103.7 million or 14.8%. The increase in revenues was due to higher realization, which includes the recognition of revenue previously deferred and higher demand across all business segments.
GAAP EPS of $2.15 in 3Q 2022 compared to $1.96 in 3Q 2021. Adjusted EPS for the quarter were $2.15, which compared to $2.02 in the prior year quarter. Net income of $77.3 million compared to $69.5 million in the prior year quarter. The increase in net income was primarily due to higher revenues, a lower effective tax rate, an increase in FX remeasurement gains, and lower interest expense, which was partially offset by an increase in compensation, which included the impact of a 12.4% increase in total headcount, as well as higher SG&A expenses. SG&A of $159.2 million were 20.5% of revenues.
This compares to SG&A of $138.6 million or 19.7% of revenues in the third quarter of 2021. The year-over-year increase in SG&A was primarily due to higher compensation as we continue to invest to support a larger and more global business and an increase in travel and entertainment expenses. Sequentially, SG&A decreased $8.8 million as we saw a step- down in travel and entertainment expenses compared to the second quarter. Though we continue to host many in-person events for talent development, team building, and marketing and business development. Third quarter 2022 adjusted EBITDA of $99 million or 12.8% of revenues compared to $100.3 million or 14.3% of revenues in the prior year quarter.
Noteworthy, the year-over-year increase in SG&A more than offset the increase in gross profit. Our third quarter effective tax rate of 17% compared to 21.6% in the prior year quarter. Our tax rate for 3Q was lower due to the previously mentioned $8.3 million tax benefit. For the fourth quarter, we expect our effective tax rate to be between 20% and 23%. Fully diluted WASO of 35.9 million shares in 3Q 2022 increased by 556,000 shares compared to 35.4 million shares in 3Q 2021, primarily because of the dilutive impact of our convertible notes.
Our convertible notes had a dilutive impact on EPS of approximately 1.2 million shares included in WASO as our average share price of $168.19 this past quarter was above the $101.38 conversion threshold price. Billable headcount increased by 646 professionals or 12%, and non-billable headcount increased by 182 professionals or 13.7% compared to the prior year quarter. Sequentially, billable headcount increased by 414 professionals or 7.4%. In the third quarter, we welcomed approximately 300 graduates from university campuses, our largest class ever. Now, I will share some segment insights at the segment level. In Corporate Finance & Restructuring, revenues of $265.4 million increased 6% compared to the prior year quarter.
Excluding FX, revenues increased 9.6%. The increase in revenues was primarily due to higher demand for restructuring and business transformation services, which was partially offset by lower demand for transaction services and a decline in success fees. Adjusted segment EBITDA of $51.5 million or 19.4% of segment revenues, compared to $55.6 million or 22.2% of segment revenues in the prior year quarter. The year-over-year decrease was primarily due to higher compensation, including the impact of an 11.5% increase in billable headcount and higher SG&A expenses. Business transformation and transactions represented 57% of segment revenues, while restructuring represented 43% of segment revenues this quarter. This compares to 59% for business transformation and transactions and 41% for restructuring in 3Q 2021.
Year-over-year, restructuring revenues grew 10.8% and business transformation and transactions grew 2.7%. On a sequential basis, revenues decreased 4.2% primarily due to an 8.3% decline in business transformation and transaction revenues, driven primarily by lower success fees in transaction services that more than offset growth in our business transformation services. Restructuring revenues increased only 1.9% sequentially. Adjusted segment EBITDA decreased $3.4 million compared to 2Q of 2022. Among areas where we have been helping our clients with restructuring matters include airlines, oil and gas storage, transportation, production, and exploration, specialized and consumer finance, and independent power producers. Turning to FLC, revenues of $159.9 million increased 10.1% compared to the prior year quarter. Excluding FX, revenues increased 12.7%.
The increase in revenues was primarily due to higher demand for our health solutions and investigation services and higher realization, which was partially offset by lower demand for dispute services. Adjusted segment EBITDA of $18.2 million or 11.4% of segment revenues compared to $16.6 million or 11.4% of segment revenues in the prior year quarter. The increase was due to higher revenues, which was partially offset by an increase in compensation, which includes 9.3% growth in billable headcount, as well as higher SG&A expenses compared to the prior year quarter. Sequentially, revenues decreased $4.3 million, primarily due to lower demand for health solutions and dispute services. Adjusted segment EBITDA increased $1.5 million compared to 2Q 2022, primarily due to a decline in compensation and outside consultants.
Our Economic Consulting segment's revenues of $193.2 million increased 12% compared to the prior year quarter. Excluding FX, revenues increased 17.4%. The increase in revenues was due to higher realization, primarily from the recognition of revenue previously deferred, and higher demand for non-M&A- related antitrust services, particularly in North America, which was partially offset by lower demand for M&A related antitrust services compared to the prior year quarter. Adjusted segment EBITDA of $32.9 million or 17% of segment revenues compared to $29.9 million or 17.3% of segment revenues in the prior year quarter. The increase was due to higher revenues, which was partially offset by higher compensation, primarily related to an increase in variable compensation and a 7.9% increase in billable headcount.
Sequentially, revenues increased $29.1 million or 17.8%, which was primarily driven by the recognition of $21.4 million of deferred revenues. Adjusted segment EBITDA increased $11.3 million. In Technology, record revenues of $84.9 million increased 31.3% compared to the prior year quarter. Excluding FX, revenues increased 34.9%. The increase in revenues was primarily due to higher demand for M&A-related Second Requests and investigation services compared to the prior year quarter. Adjusted segment EBITDA of $13.2 million or 15.6% of segment revenues compared to $7.8 million or 12.1% of segment revenues in the prior year quarter.
The increase was due to higher revenues, which was partially offset by an increase in compensation, including the impact of a 23.7% increase in billable headcount and an increase in contractors, as well as higher SG&A expenses. Sequentially, revenues increased $7.1 million or 9.2%, primarily due to increased demand for M&A-related Second Request services. Adjusted segment EBITDA increased $4.8 million sequentially. Of note, the Technology segment had one large M&A-related Second Request client engagement in the quarter that accounted for 10.6% of segment revenues. This engagement both ramped up and largely concluded in the third quarter. Revenues in the Strategic Communications segment of $72.4 million increased 4.3% compared to the prior year quarter. Excluding FX, revenues increased 12.2%.
The increase in revenues was largely due to higher demand for corporate reputation services, primarily driven by crisis communications work compared to the prior year quarter. Adjusted segment EBITDA of $12.9 million or 17.9% of segment revenues compared to $15.5 million or 22.3% of segment revenues in the prior year quarter. Adjusted segment EBITDA declined year-over-year as the increase in revenues was more than offset by higher compensation, which includes the impact of a 16.4% increase in billable headcount and higher SG&A expenses compared to the prior year quarter. Sequentially, revenues in Strategic Communications were flat. Excluding FX, revenues increased $2.9 million or 4%. Let me now discuss free cash flow and balance sheet items.
We generated net cash from operating activities of $128.3 million, which decreased by $68.7 million compared to $196.9 million in the third quarter of 2021. The year-over-year decrease was largely due to higher compensation, primarily related to headcount growth, as well as a decrease in cash collections compared to the same period in the prior year. We generated free cash flow of $115 million in the quarter. Total debt net of cash of a negative debt position of $10.8 million at September 30, 2022 compared to a negative debt position of $1.3 million at September 30, 2021, and +$60.5 million at June 30, 2022.
The sequential decrease in total debt net of cash was due to an increase in cash and cash equivalents. During the quarter, we repurchased 127,791 shares at an average price per share of $159.87 for a total cost of $20.4 million. At the end of the quarter, we had approximately $143.5 million remaining available for share repurchases under our current authorization. Turning to our guidance. With the passage of three quarters, while remaining within the bands of our previously provided guidance, we are tightening our full year 2022 guidance ranges for revenues and EPS.
We expect revenues to range between $2.965 billion and $3.025 billion, which compares to the previous range of between $2.92 billion and $3.045 billion. We expect EPS to range between $6.40 and $6.80, which compares to the previous range of between $6.40 and $7.20. We do not currently expect adjusted EPS to differ from EPS. Our updated guidance is shaped by five key considerations. First, with three quarters behind us, it is appropriate to narrow the range of possibilities. Second, though we have seen sequential increases in restructuring work in U.S., Asia, and Australia the last several quarters, the rate of this increase or pickup has been moderate.
We don't expect this to change significantly, at least this year. Third, M&A- related activity is seeing a downward trend. In the third quarter, we saw an associated decrease in demand for such services in both our Economic Consulting segment and our Transactions business in Corporate Finance and Restructuring. Fourth, there are significant compensation-related pressures in our business. Lastly, the fourth quarter is typically a weaker quarter for us because of a seasonal business slowdown and vacations at the end of the year. Before I close, I want to reiterate four key themes that underscore the strength of our company. First, as Steve said, the fragility and the dislocation of the world economy result in expanded market opportunities for FTI. Second, more so than ever before, we are investing in talent. Our franchise has never been better positioned to support our clients as they navigate complex challenges and opportunities.
Third, our culture, which nourishes diversity and inclusion, is increasingly being recognized for attracting the best talent. Finally, our balance sheet remains strong and provides us the ability to boost shareholder value through organic growth, share buybacks, and acquisitions when we see the right ones. With that, let's open the call up for your questions.
Ladies and gentlemen, at this time, we'll begin the question- and- answer session. Once again, to ask a question, please press star and then one. To withdraw your questions, you may press star and two. Our first question today comes from Andrew Nicholas from William Blair. Please go ahead with your question.
Hi, good morning.
Morning.
I wanted to start with restructuring, perhaps unsurprisingly. You talked about seeing a moderate pickup quarter-over-quarter and having seen that the past several quarters, but not expecting a major acceleration in the fourth quarter. Is kind of the cadence of the thawing of this restructuring market any different than maybe what you would have expected or what you've seen in prior kinda cyclical rebounds in that business? Any just thoughts on that cadence and looking ahead to next year?
I'll give my view and then feel free to disagree if you have a different view. I mean, it's something we talk about a lot in here. I think, look, I think, you know, there's history never is a perfect guide to anything, certainly in our business, and I think maybe in general in the world. I would say, my sense is this is unfolding slower than at least so many people would have expected, and may have unfolded slower than many times in the past. You know, there are multiple reasons for that.
I think, you know, first of all, certainly in Europe, there's still, you know, governmental pressures to make sure that banks don't foreclose because there's just a lot of fragility in the economy, and people are worried about, you know, yes, that they have to clean up balance sheets at some point, but there are wars going on, and there's a lot of issues going on in Europe. I think there are some headwinds that may not have been in other cycles. Also, you know, the last X years, the covenants have become extraordinarily light in a whole lot of loans. That really does affect the creditor side business. It affects how quickly banks or lenders can actually trigger a reexamination.
It doesn't necessarily affect the company side work, but it does affect the creditor side work in a big way. In the U.S., we're both company side and creditor side. In many places around the world, we are primarily creditor side. I think this is certainly unfolding slower than I think many people in our firm and elsewhere expected. I think that's kind of a realization, and I think it may continue to unfold slower than many people expect. I do not believe the need for restructuring over-leveraged balance sheets has gone away permanently. You hear both of those themes in Ajay's and my comments. This may be, I'm trying to think of a baseball analogy. This is not a 100-mile-an-hour fastball. There are some off-speed pitches out there. This is a slowly unfolding scenario, at least as we currently see it. Does that talk to your question, Andrew?
Yeah. No, that's helpful. And then maybe as my follow-up, switching over to FLC, obviously utilization ticked down, I believe, quarter-over-quarter. It's still solidly below pre-pandemic levels. At the same time, it does appear that you guys are continuing to hire pretty aggressively there. I would imagine that speaks to your conviction in utilization and demand trends picking back up. But if you could kinda walk through that thought process and your outlook there, that would be helpful. Thank you.
Yeah, no, thanks for the question. Absolutely, we are long-term quite bullish on all our businesses, but yes, on FLC, the long-term trajectory of FLC, and some parts of FLC are actually performing quite well right now. You know, if we were willing to whipsaw hiring based on current business, we would probably have headcount lower here. You know, because, you know, some places in FLC are short from where we expected them to be. You know, but you don't hire just based on the quarterly results. You hire based on, A, availability of talent, and B, actually, you know, the thing is, the first-year consultants of today are your senior directors of a few years from now, and your managing directors. I sometimes analogize this to a scotch business.
You know, it takes six years to grow the fabulous Scotch, six-year Scotch. It takes 12 years to, you know, to get great raw material, season it in the right environment to get 12-year Scotch. You know, we're in the business not just of this quarter. We're in the business of developing fabulous six- and 12-year-old Scotch, fabulous managing directors and senior managing directors. Yeah, I don't think you say the hiring, the fact that we're continuing hiring means we expect an immediate rebound in every business that is slow right now, but because we have those multiple objectives. If you're asking me whether I have long-term confidence in that business, absolutely, I do.
That's helpful. Thank you.
Our next question comes from Tobey Sommer from Truist Securities. Please go ahead with your question.
Thank you. From a multi-year perspective, where do you think we are in the journey of geographic expansion for the firm? Maybe not in its entirety, but of, you know, sort of major countries that you might wanna be have a presence in or flesh out a presence in. I'm asking from a perspective of trying to understand and anticipate when the incremental infrastructure investment that accompanies that may sort of peak crescendo and then moderate, allowing for a tailwind of profitability.
No, that's a great question. Look, I think there's a couple different ways to look at that. Let me talk about three different ways to look at the same question. First of all, I don't believe we need to be in any additional countries in order to grow this company extraordinarily over the next while. We have growth opportunities in the U.S. We have, yes, we're in France, Germany, I mean, all the countries I mentioned, but we have extraordinary opportunities to fill those countries out. We have the landing team on the ground. We are nowhere near as big in those countries as we need to be. We don't need to meet growth aspirations that Ajay has or, you know, for shareholders, we don't need to be in other countries.
I think the reality in professional services, though, is, it's just, there's always— We're in most of the major geographies at this. I mean, your G7, G whatever you wanna call it. I think the reality in professional services, though, is, you know, as you continue to succeed, there's spillover. You know, you have people who are great in Germany who know people in Switzerland. You have people in the Middle East who know people in other parts of the Middle East. You know, you have— That's the nature. If you look at any great professional services firm, as they grow, even if they didn't have to go— have to go into those other countries, you do extend into those other countries.
Many of them, you treat as adjuncts to your existing country-companies, so you don't have to, you know, build out the entire infrastructure if they're right next door and you can — and do that. I think we don't have to be in, you know, 30 more countries in five years. Whether we are in a bunch more countries, I suspect we will be. You know, without the sort of infrastructure that a Germany, a France, a Middle East, you know, an Italy, all those, the major countries would require. Does that help a little bit?
It does. Let me follow up, if I could. From a peak investment in infrastructure, at least on an incremental basis, not absolute dollars, of course, are we somewhere in the peak process without trying to call a quarter? Are we within a peak four- or six-quarter period for that based on the bigger countries where you do require infrastructure and don't have this sort of adjunct capability and sort of optimal setup?
No, Tobey, we are not. For example, take Germany. I would not say we are in our peak infrastructure in Germany in the back office right now, far from it. We are early in our development there. But we have shared service centers in various other locations, and I do not expect that we will replicate everything that we have in our shared service centers in every geography either. So in aggregate, you should see, you know, diminishing percentages, but in terms of non-billable headcount growth, in each specific country, we are in early stages.
Yeah, I mean, let me make that come alive a little bit. I mean, you know, we have hired fabulous people in Germany. If we don't have a website in German, if we don't have contracts in German, if we don't have contracts that actually conform with German law, you know, those professionals are handicapped, and they actually don't feel emotionally supported. You know, Americans don't automatically or folks in the U.K. don't automatically know the nuance of employment law in Germany or France or, you know? If part of the commitment to grow out those countries is to put infrastructure, not luxurious infrastructure, we're not serving caviar every day, but putting the basic infrastructure in place to support professionals who are building our business. We have started that process, but certainly in the countries we're in today, it's not peaked.
Absolutely. I think that's consistent with what you said, Ajay. Yes.
If I could ask another question about hiring, if you could describe it from a few angles at the most, you know, sort of upper middle to most senior levels, what have the trends been, internal promotions and contrast that to laterals and maybe comment on the extent to which the brand and/or external market changes are triggering the phone to ring a little bit more. Thanks.
No, I think that's a continuation of where we've been, Tobey. That's one of the most gratifying parts of the job, both sides of that. I mean, you know, sometimes when you get the phone ringing externally, you know, people think, "Oh, so there's not gonna be promotions," and that's not the case. The phone continues to ring externally in many more places around the world than it once did. But we've also had absolute record promotions internally. And Mollie can probably dig out the numbers and give you that. I think we do publish those numbers, right?
Yes.
We can get you those numbers. It's a really great thing. I had a conversation yesterday with the WIN MDs. That's a group of very talented women who are either just at the managing director level or, you know, have been there for a while, who are very high potential. You just look at them, you talk with those folks, and you just say, "Wow, the potential for us to continue to grow is just there from internally." That is something, one of the source of my bullishness, Tobey. Both sides of that are really, really fabulous. Did that respond?
It did. Yep. Do you have a current sort of modern-day example of a new service line, you know, exiting 2022 into 2023 that you expect to be a contributor and something to talk about, akin to adjacencies that you've launched during your tenure, you know, in previous years?
Look, we have lots of them. I mean, every quarter I sit down with every segment, and we talk about, you know, where we are with our core businesses, where we are at core geographies, which geographies do we think we can extend into, which adjacencies are we investing in? Have the adjacencies been proving out? Do we wanna double down investment? And are there new adjacencies? You know, with Sophie, I talk about, you know, e-discovery. I talk about our thrust to not only broaden our law firm relationships in the U.S., but also our corporate relationships in the U.S. The equivalent in the markets that we're now in Europe, where we weren't there, but also new services that we've done, information governance, which ties to our corporate offering.
Most recently, the ExCo has been talking about blockchain and crypto, where, you know, there's a lot of people in the world who can spout, like me, who can spout what you read in an article about blockchain and crypto. We happen to have people internally who have testified in some of the biggest trials, fraud trials, valuation trials, who understand, who built blockchain and crypto businesses and who can actually be value-added in there. We're scaling that business up, too, because there's a lot of people who can talk about it, there are a few of us, a few folks who can actually do it. It is a constant conversation, and I don't think I wanna competitively list all the areas we're investing in.
The one additional one is ESG. You know, we are the firm that helps companies make their major transitions. Boy, is ESG ever a transition. We have a full court press and tremendous capabilities there.
We have tremendous capabilities in various segments. I don't know, did we publicly announce the fact that we—
Yes.
We unified that under a leader to make sure we're bringing the entire firm. Strategic Communications around this is different than helping somebody get their emissions in line. There's value in bundling those together. We asked a woman in our organization, Miriam Wrobel, to coordinate that across the firm very recently. Those are a couple examples. Does that help, Tobey?
Yeah, very generous. I have one last question. Can you double the size of the firm?
Yes. I mean, we can double the size of the firm. You know, can we double the size of the firm while I'm still CEO? Maybe. Maybe. This firm's potential is enormous. I think somebody like me said something. I still believe we are closer to the beginning of this journey than we are to the end.
That's helpful.
Any other questions?
And ladies and gent-
Well, let me just say thanks to our moderator. Let me just say thank you all again for your continued attention and support for our firm. We really appreciate it. If you have further questions, please reach out to Mollie or Ajay. Thank you for attending today.
Ladies and gentlemen, with that, we'll conclude today's conference call and presentation. We do thank you for joining. You may now disconnect your lines.