Good afternoon, and welcome to Forestar's second quarter 2022 earnings conference call. At this time, all participants have been placed on a listen-only mode, and the floor will be open for questions and comments after the presentation. I will now turn the call over to Katie Smith, Director of Finance and Investor Relations for Forestar.
Thank you, John. Good afternoon, everyone, and welcome to the call to discuss Forestar's second quarter results. Thank you for joining us. Before we get started, today's call includes forward-looking statements as defined by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Although Forestar believes any such statements are based on reasonable assumptions, there is no assurance that actual outcomes will not be materially different. All forward-looking statements are based upon information available to Forestar on the date of this conference call, and we do not undertake any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements publicly. Additional information about issues that could lead to material changes in performance is contained in Forestar's annual report on Form 10-K and its most recent quarterly report on Form 10-Q, both of which are filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
This afternoon's earnings release is on our website at investor.forestar.com, and we plan to file the 10-Q tomorrow. After this call, we will post an updated investor presentation to our investor relations site under Events and Presentations for your reference. Now I will turn the call over to Dan Bartok, our CEO.
Thank you, Katie, and good afternoon, everyone. In addition to Katie, I am pleased to be joined on the call today by Jim Allen, our Chief Financial Officer. The Forestar team delivered a strong second quarter, with net income increasing 68% from the prior year to $47.8 million, or $0.96 per diluted share. We also achieved a 68% increase in pre-tax income to $63.2 million, and our pre-tax profit margin expanded 190 basis points year over year to 15%. Revenue increased 47% to $421.6 million, primarily driven by a 61% increase in lot deliveries to 5,788 lots sold. We continue to make progress expanding our customer base.
To that point, I'm excited to announce that during the quarter, Forestar sold a package of 787 undeveloped and partially developed lots from seven projects located across Texas for a total purchase price of $54.7 million. The lots were marketed to the purpose-built, single-family rental segment of the market. As part of the sale, Forestar will complete development of those lots. However, the buyer is funding the remaining development costs. Despite the lots not being finished, we transacted at very favorable terms. Additionally, we will recognize the revenue and development profit over time without committing the additional capital required to complete the infrastructure. We refer to this as a deferred development projects in our financial statements. This quarter, Forestar recognized all 787 lots in our delivery numbers and $12.5 million of the revenue.
We significantly improved our capital efficiency in these communities with this type of structure. We are pleased with our ability to monetize a portion of each project earlier than if it had been sold when the lots were fully developed. Forestar has built an excellent land position in some of the most attractive areas in the country, and we will continue to pursue and capitalize on compelling opportunities. Our increasing profitability and focus on capital efficiency is translating into higher returns for our shareholders. Forestar achieved a 14.5% return on equity for the trailing twelve months ended March 31, 2022. This was a 490 basis point improvement from the same period a year ago and our eighth consecutive quarter of ROE improvement.
This continued improvement further demonstrates that our high turnover, low risk manufacturing strategy is fundamentally stronger than that of a traditional land developer. We expect our platform will gain additional maturity and scale as our teams continue to capture market share in their respective markets, driving further improvements for our returns on equity and inventory. People are key to our business, and our outstanding second quarter results are a direct result of the team's capabilities and commitment to Forestar. The operating environment was more challenging this quarter due to continued supply chain constraints combined with rising material costs. I want to thank everyone, especially our development teams and our contractor base, for their strong execution over the last several months. They made these results possible. We'll now discuss our second quarter financial results in more detail. Jim?
Thank you, Dan. In the second quarter, Forestar's net income increased 68% to $47.8 million, or $0.96 per diluted share, compared to $28.4 million, or $0.59 per diluted share in the prior year quarter. Consolidated second quarter revenues increased 47% to $421.6 million. Lots sold increased 61% year-over-year to 5,788 lots, with an average sales price of $81,900. Excluding lot sales from deferred development projects, lots sold increased 39% to 5,001 lots. Our average sales price this quarter was lower than the first quarter due to the mix of lot deliveries from communities and lower price point markets.
We expect our average sales price will continue to fluctuate quarter to quarter based on the geographic location and lot size mix of our deliveries. We are pleased that we continue to make progress delivering more lots from projects sourced by Fore tar. 39% of lots sold in the quarter were Fores tar sourced, compared to 23% in the second quarter of 2021. 82% of Fores tar's second quarter lot deliveries were sold to DR Horton, down from 94% in the second quarter of fiscal 2021. We grew our lots sold to DR Horton as a percentage of DR Horton's closings, both year-over-year and sequentially.
We sold 1,017 lots to 12 customers other than DR Horton during the quarter, which was a 342% increase in lots sold to other customers compared to the prior year quarter. Dan?
Our pre-tax income for the second quarter was $63.2 million, with a pre-tax profit margin of 15%. This was an improvement of 190 basis points over the prior year quarter. Our gross profit margin expanded 220 basis points to 20.8%, compared to 18.6% a year ago. We recorded a non-cash real estate impairment charge of $3.8 million this quarter, which reduced our gross profit margin by 90 basis points. The impairment charge was an isolated issue related to cost overruns in one project in Colorado. Excluding the impairment, our gross profit margin expanded 310 basis points to 21.7%. Several factors contributed to this quarter's gross margin improvement.
In addition to the lot sales from deferred development projects, this improvement was primarily due to increased margins on lot sales from Four Star sourced development projects. Additionally, interest charged to cost of sales decreased by approximately 40 basis points compared to the prior year quarter, partially attributed to our senior notes refinancing last year. Finally, the market has remained strong with significant demand for lots from home builders. Our SG&A expense as a percentage of revenues in the first quarter was 5.8%, compared to 5.7% in the prior year quarter. We're extremely pleased with the progress we have made building our team, and we continue to attract high quality talent. We remain focused on efficiently managing our SG&A while investing in our teams to support our continued growth. We believe we will continue to manage our business at a mid-single digit SG&A percentage.
Katie?
Forestar's underwriting criteria for new development projects includes a minimum 15% annual pre-tax return on inventory and a return of the initial cash investment within 36 months. During the second quarter, investments in land and land development totaled $336 million, of which $86 million was for land and $250 million was for land development. Forestar's lot position at March 31 was 96,500 lots, of which 64,200 lots were owned and 32,300 lots were controlled through purchase contracts. At quarter end, we had 5,100 finished lots on hand. Finished lots have accounted for less than 10% of Forestar's owned portfolio for six consecutive quarters, demonstrating continued strength in demand.
As of March 31, 55% of our owned lots were sourced by Forestar, up from 48% a year ago. As Jim said, 39% of lots sold in the quarter were from projects sourced by Forestar, up from 23% a year ago. That percentage will continue to trend higher as more Forestar sourced projects start to deliver lots. Growth in Forestar sourced projects supports further improvement in our gross margins, and we expect that percentage of our portfolio to continue to increase over time. We also have good visibility into future revenues. Of our 64,200 owned lots, 30% are under contract to sell to DR Horton, representing approximately $1.5 billion of future revenue.
Another 27% of our owned lots are subject to a right of first offer to DR Horton based on executed purchase and sale agreements. Our acquisition teams are finding ample opportunities that meet our underwriting criteria. However, we remain very disciplined when investing in new projects. We plan to invest approximately $1.75 billion in land and land development during fiscal 2022, subject to market conditions, and are continuing to target a three to four -year owned inventory of land and lots. Jim?
Forestar remains focused on maintaining a strong balance sheet with ample liquidity and modest leverage. At quarter end, we had approximately $580 million of liquidity, including $230 million of unrestricted cash and $350 million of available capacity on our revolving credit facility. Total debt at March 31 was $705 million, with no senior note maturities until 2026, and our net debt to capital ratio at quarter end was 29.9%. In recognition of our improving financial profile, Moody's recently upgraded Forestar's corporate credit rating and senior unsecured notes rating to Ba3. Standard and Poor's also upgraded Forestar's corporate credit rating and senior unsecured notes rating during the quarter to B+ and BB- respectively.
Forestar's access to capital is one of our key competitive advantages and allows us the ability to price lots later in the development process. With our access to institutional corporate level financing, Forestar has unparalleled flexibility in the lot development industry. Most traditional land developers are encumbered by project level financing, which inhibits them from pricing lots closer to completion after development costs are finalized. Additionally, project level financing makes it more difficult to react to changing market conditions while adding complexity and administrative costs. At quarter end, stockholders' equity was $1.1 billion, and our book value per share increased to $22.24, up 16% from a year ago. Dan?
As I said in my opening remarks, the environment has become more challenging since the earnings call in late January. We believe supply chain disruptions will continue to impact us throughout fiscal 2022 and potentially into 2023. However, our teams are relentless problem solvers, and they continue to navigate the environment exceptionally well. In addition to ordering materials earlier in the development cycle, we are substituting materials if there is an available alternative and are modifying development plans as needed. We expect to see further increases in development costs as a result of the supply-demand imbalance and rising fuel prices. Consistent with prior quarters, we plan to pass through any cost increases into our future lot pricing. Despite the inflationary environment and rising interest rates, we have not seen any softening in demand.
We remain positive on the demand outlook for finished lots, which is supported by our strong backlog. We affirm our guidance for Fiscal 2022 lot deliveries of between 19,500-20,000 lots this year, generating approximately $1.7 billion of revenue. However, we now expect our pre-tax profit margin to be between 14%-14.5% for the year, up from our prior guidance of 13.5%-14%. We expect our revenue and pre-tax profit margins to be higher in the fourth quarter compared to the third quarter due to the quarterly mix of expected lot deliveries and to a lesser extent, operating leverage. Finally, we still expect our effective tax rate in fiscal 2022 to be approximately 24.5%. Our teams and contractors continue to outperform our expectations.
The accomplishments of the Forestar team, combined with our growth plan and proven business model, give me confidence in our ability to execute throughout the remainder of our fiscal year and beyond. We are extremely excited about the opportunities ahead of us. Forestar is uniquely positioned to continue gaining market share, increasing our annual profitability, and generating meaningful value for our shareholders. John, at this time, we'll now open up the line for questions.
Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, the floor is now open for questions. If you have any questions or comments, please indicate so by pressing star one on your touch-tone phone. We ask that while posing your question, you please pick up your handset if listening on speakerphone to provide optimum sound quality. Please hold while we poll for questions. The first question is coming from Truman Patterson with Wolfe Research. Your line is live.
Good afternoon. Actually, it's Paul Przybylski. I guess, first of all, I was wondering if you could provide any additional color on the SFR transaction. You know, how do those economics compare to the for sale lots given, you know, the operator is gonna fund that development? And then how scalable do you think that business is moving forward? And are you seeing interest from multiple operators or just this one?
You know, Paul, it was somewhat of an experiment for us. We identified several opportunities that we thought would be well suited for the build for rent market, and kind of looking around what other people were doing. They're obviously all on Forestar sourced transactions, where we had the opportunity to actually take these to market. They had different characteristics. To some extent, we were trying to understand where and how the demand for these lots and/or just the land parcels was really gonna develop. You know, it was from our perspective, it was a really successful transaction. One, we learned a bunch. You know, we learned a lot about how people were looking at values and land and opportunities in different types of geographies.
I think it really set us up well to look at these things in the future and identify opportunities that we think will continue to drive value for us. You know, a big part of, you know, for me, a big part of the transaction was, you know, the capital efficiency of it. You know, getting really we monetize the land up front, as well as, you know, not putting our own equity into finishing developing the lots, just really drive a lot of value for us. Our margins were higher. I mean, we're not gonna really disclose specific margin on these, but I can tell you the margins were more favorable than at least from our perspective of what we would've gotten if we just sold them as a for sale builder.
Great. Good. I guess, you know, given the higher rate environment, have you seen from your competitors or the home builders themselves any inflection in the land market? You know, has there been any deceleration in land price inflation here over the past four to six weeks? Or have you seen any deals maybe get kicked back that were, you know, underwritten more aggressively in the lower rate environment?
You know, at this point, we have not really seen any fall off in demand for lots from our perspective, although you know it's obviously we need to be cautious, right? We're all seeing interest rates go up. At this point, you know, the builders are still giving us thumbs up. Demand is strong for housing, and they still want more starts. From that perspective, I feel really good. As far as land parcels and land pricing, we have not really seen any fall off at this point. We are starting to hear little rumblings from builders, you know, maybe not closing on deals, but nothing that I can put my finger on yet. There is some scuttlebutt going around that some deals are starting to fall out.
Okay. I appreciate it. Thank you.
Thank you.
The next question is coming from Carl Reichardt with BTIG. Your line is live.
Thanks very much, Dan, Jim, and Katie. I was gonna ask Paul's question, but let me see if I can turn the nuance. He asked about scalability. I guess what I'd say is if you look at what you learned from this transaction and look at your current lot position, how well do you feel it or in the cost of those lots, how well do you feel that jives with what you learned from this singular transaction? I guess, is this a new channel you feel today comfortably that you could develop and build over time? If you had to bet, would you say this is kind of a one-off and this is an occasional type of business we might do and not a long-term business line?
Well, again, we learned a lot, and I think that when I look at our land portfolio across the country, there are definitely other opportunities that we look to try to capitalize on. I think it also we learn and maybe in different parcels as we're looking for characteristics of the things that we want to look for. I think it will modify somewhat our acquisition targets. I think that it's a process that, you know, whether it's gonna be a trend or a scale, at this point, I think it's too early to tell. I mean, I remember one time somebody told me, you know, one time is a number, two times is a coincidence, three times is a trend. When I get to my third portfolio sale, I'll tell you it's a trend.
Okay. Fair enough. Thank you. We, you know, we've seen a lot of the public builders who've been shifting to option, but my sense is that a lot of the portfolios are really being done with land bankers, where costs have been falling. I'm curious whether or not this has given you an opportunity to gain more share from finished lot developers and whether or not you're seeing builders look at you and say, "We don't wanna buy your product because margins to us are lower. We can do this with a land banker and self-develop," and, you know.
I'm just trying to get a sense of how the land bankers are competing with you and with other finished lot developers for builder business, given that the builders seem to be moving more towards land banking and away from finished lots because they can't get the volume.
You know, frankly, I don't think I compete with a lot banker, land banker. One of the things that I think when you look at our results and what we've been able to do, I think it's we're kind of proving it out. I think we're just really good at delivering lots. Maybe it's been luck, but again, kind of the one time's a number, two times. It's starting to be a trend that we are able to deliver lots, I think, more efficiently and effectively than a builder, and probably other developers in the same bucket. You know, land bankers aren't providing that service.
You know, it's really a financing transaction, and if they wanna bring in a land banker to buy my finished lots and hold them for a longer period of time, I'm fine with that 'cause it helps me monetize faster. I don't really see that I'm competing with those guys for opportunities. We're providing a different product.
Okay. Thank you, Dan. If you will indulge me one more. In talking to a couple of other folks, I'd been hearing that there were some land developers out there, long-term project guys, who are now asking builders not only for heftier deposits, but also to share in potential development cost overruns. The contracted lot price could change two years from now if the developer incurred more significant cost overruns. There wouldn't be a fixed price here. The builder would have to share those costs. I'm curious if that's something that you've seen or are doing at all right now.
You know, I can't say that we have never asked a builder or our customer to help us if there's been something wrong in the budget. We are not contracting for that upfront. You know, I think one of our benefits in the way that we're capitalized is our ability to price lots a little later in the process when most of those costs are identified, so that we're able to set the prices correctly up front. The problem is when you go back to that builder, and again, you can try to get them to agree to up front, and in some cases you'll probably get that. The best thing is to be able to do what you say and when you say it.
That's really what we've been focused on, is trying to really make sure we're delivering what we know. Obviously, our costs have gone up, but we've been able to, again, mostly through a little bit later pricing, been able to push all those costs plus a little bit, you know, through the pricing model.
Okay. Dan, thanks. Really super helpful. I really appreciate it. Thanks very much.
Anytime, Carl. Thanks.
Okay. Up next, we have Deepa Raghavan with Wells Fargo Securities. Deepa, your line's live.
Hi. Good afternoon, everyone. Thanks for taking my call. Dan, it appears things are pretty good at this time, but are you starting to slow sourcing land or thinking about purchases much more cautiously? Relatedly, is this SFR experiment a defensive move on your part?
I'm gonna take the second part of that question first. No, I don't think it's defensive at all. I think that we always look for opportunities to improve our capital efficiency and look for ways to offer new products and markets into the marketplace. I think it was the opposite of defensive. I think it was, you know, maybe a little bit. Some started a new trend. Again, we'll see when we do the third one. No, I think we, you know, we were very thoughtful in how we put the package together. We really looked at how we could learn the most to make it something that we could hopefully capitalize even more on into the future.
'Cause clearly there's a lot of money out there looking to invest in the build for rent space, and we'd like to get our fair share of it. As far as slowing our land and being more cautious, I think we've always been cautious. We're very carefully underwriting. You know, I will say that our land acquisition in this past quarter was less than in prior quarters. Some of that is maybe, you know, deals not underwriting, and we did drop a few deals. As you probably noticed, our total lot count and control lots went down a little bit. You know, there were some deals we had under contract that when we got into due diligence, it just didn't make sense to us, so we didn't try to force them through the process.
We just, you know, moved on. I think we've always been cautious. The other thing that I've seen is, you know, it is a little bit of things that I was hearing before, and now we're actually starting to see it, is it is taking a little bit longer to get entitlements and permitting completed on projects. As you know, you know, we don't like to buy until all those permits are in hand. We have deferred the purchase of those properties until we get them. That's probably another one of the things that leads up to us having less owned and controlled lots at the end of the quarter compared to the prior quarter.
Okay. That's fair. Just staying on the defensive theme, what are some of the moves you could take to protect margins and ROE should we go into a slowdown?
I think, you know, protecting margin. Again, I guess I look at our strategy and the way we price lots to be a good way to do that. I think it's just our core strategy of trying to make sure we really know our costs before we set that pricing, if you wanna call that defensive, then we've been defensive all along. 'Cause we don't want that margin erosion. We're trying to protect it as much as possible. You know, it is challenging. I mean, these rising costs, it's challenging. Not knowing when you're gonna get material, it has definitely changed, you know, the landscape of how you price in these things. We're seeing more and more differences.
You know, again, I think having good land positions, having you know good customers and being in the affordable price points, and having a product that we believe we can deliver on time and on budget is gonna keep us well-positioned.
Got it. One final housekeeping question. The deferred lots, 787, is that accounted for in the guide?
Yes. Yes. The 787 lots were counted as sales in quarter two, even though all the revenue and gain from those lots, the lot count is in this quarter sales, and the future revenues and margins would be included in future quarters. 'Cause some, you know, these are seven separate projects, but it'll probably be over a 12-month period or so that all of that revenue and profit will be recognized. Yeah, it is accounted for in our guidance.
Got it. Thanks very much. I'll pass it on.
Thank you.
Okay. Up next, we have Anthony Pettinari with Citi. Anthony, your line's live.
Good afternoon. It's Anthony. Dan, you know, you talked about supply chain challenges during the quarter, and you talked about permits and entitlements, maybe taking a little bit longer in some cases. I'm just wondering, were there any sort of incremental constraints in the quarter, you know, from a supply chain perspective that weren't expected? You know, do you see supply chain conditions worsening? When you think about, you know, what could potentially get you to the, maybe the higher or lower end of the guide, are you know, maybe more concerned about just kind of demand materializing from your builder customers? Or, you know, is the cost, you know, labor permitting bottlenecks maybe more of a swing factor?
Let's see. How do I attack that one? As far as the supply chain constraints, it's been spotty from market to market. Some markets, you know, one market you might not be able to get big pipe. Another one, the concrete structures might be tough to get. Another one, it might, you know, it might be concrete, and some markets we're having a hard time getting concrete, you know, when we want it. We have to schedule differently. Probably the one thing that I would say over the last quarter that has materialized to be on a broader scale is electrical transformers and the ability for the utility companies to get out there and get power to the lots. I'm seeing that in more of the markets across the country.
I'd say that is the one challenging thing. Again, it's hard to control that one. It's just kind of in the hands of the utility companies. We're doing our best to try to stay ahead of it. We're trying to convince them to, you know, order transformers sooner or whatever. I think, you know, again, it depends on the power company, and some of them have transformers no problem, and others are just didn't do a good job of, you know, ordering ahead. That's the one, as far as the product goes, that I think is more widespread than anything else.
The other one, you know, so we've learned a lot of lessons in ordering earlier and trying to substitute some things that are, you know, like using concrete pipe instead of plastic pipe in certain instances, or steel instead of plastic or vice versa, depending on what's, you know, more readily available for that particular situation. You know, as far as costs and concerns. You know, I mean, I'm always worried about rising costs and obviously at this point we've been able to continue to pass through our higher costs into higher prices. You know, I'm not a rocket scientist to say interest rates are going up and you know, there's a fear that housing prices are going up and at what point does that maybe lead to lower housing demand.
At this point, I haven't seen it. What we're hearing on the ground is, you know, there's still demand for those houses, and as they're releasing houses for sale, there's still people bidding on houses. We're cautious. We're thinking about it. We've got our ear to the ground, but I'm not really seeing any of those impacts on us yet.
Okay. That, that's very helpful. Apologies if I missed this, but is there a specific percentage of sales to third parties that is baked into your guidance or maybe realistic for 2022? You know, and are there kind of one or two key things that you need to do to drive, you know, penetration among third party builders? Is it just sort of more of a matter of time and relationship building or can you just maybe talk a little bit more about that?
Yeah, we haven't really given any guidance on those numbers. We have kind of said over the long term, we'd like to see us get to about a 30% of non-Horton customers. Probably by the time I get to 30, I'll probably raise that number. We just think 30 is a good number to try to target for us. You know, obviously the first constraint is Forestar sourced deals. If I have Forestar sourced deals, I have some lots that aren't being offered to Horton first, and they're a little bit bigger projects, so where I can have multiple builders. I think it's just continuing to execute, and I think you'll see those trends, you'll see them continue.
I mean, this one quarter, you know, kind of added on to by this, the BFR sale. You know, it probably. I wouldn't say that's a trend. You know, this last quarter was probably a little higher in third party sales than what you'll see in the next couple of quarters. You know, we're continuing to try to broaden our customer base, which again, is really done to help us accelerate sales in communities by offering multiple product types. We love Horton. They're a great customer for us, and I, you know. I just want more good customers.
Got it. That's very helpful. I'll turn it over.
I'd now like to turn the call back over to Dan Bartok for closing remarks.
Thank you, John. Thank you everyone on the Forestar team for your focus and your hard work. We look forward to working together as we strive for increased efficiencies while continuing our growth. We appreciate everyone's time on the call today, and we look forward to speaking with you again in July to share our third quarter results. Thanks everybody.
Thank you, ladies and gentlemen, this does conclude today's event. You may disconnect at this time and have a wonderful day. Thank you for your participation.