Thank you for standing by, and welcome to the Gilead Sciences first quarter 2022 earnings conference call. At this time, all participants are in listen-only mode. After the speaker's presentation, there will be a question and answer session. To ask a question during this session, you'll need to press star one on your telephone. Please be advised that today's call is being recorded. If you require any further assistance, please press star zero. I'd like to hand the call over to your host for today's program, Jacquie Ross, Vice President, Investor Relations. Please go ahead.
Thank you, Jonathan, and good afternoon, everyone. Just after market close today, we issued a press release with earnings results for the first quarter of 2022. The press release, slides, and supplementary data are available on the investors section of our website at gilead.com. The speakers on today's call will be our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Daniel O'Day, our Chief Commercial Officer, Johanna Mercier, our Chief Medical Officer, Merdad Parsey, and our Chief Financial Officer, Andrew Dickinson. After that, we'll open up the call to Q&A, where the team will be joined by Christi Shaw, the Chief Executive Officer of Kite.
Before we get started, let me remind you that we will be making forward-looking statements, including those related to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Gilead's business, financial condition and results of operations, plans and expectations with respect to products, product candidates, corporate strategy, business and operations, financial projections and the use of capital, and 2022 financial guidance, all of which involve certain assumptions, risks, and uncertainties that are beyond our control and could cause actual results to differ materially from these statements. A description of these risks can be found in the earnings press release and our latest SEC disclosure document. All forward-looking statements are based on information currently available to Gilead, and Gilead assumes no obligation to update any such forward-looking statement. Non-GAAP financial measures will be used to help you understand the company's underlying business performance.
The GAAP to non-GAAP reconciliations are provided in the earnings press release in our supplementary data sheet, as well as on the Gilead website. Now, I'll turn the call over to Dan.
Thank you, Jacquie, and good afternoon, everybody. We appreciate you taking the time with Gilead today, and I also wanna thank those of you who joined our virology and oncology deep dives over the last few months. These two events provided a more in-depth view of our portfolio, our strategy and the teams behind them. We shared a much broader view of our growing clinical pipeline than we had in the past, highlighting its potential to deliver a number of new therapies to address unmet needs for patients across a diverse range of conditions. For those of you who joined, I hope you got a deeper sense of why we're confident of sustaining our leadership in virology and growing our oncology revenues so that it becomes more than one-third of our total revenue in 2030.
I'll turn now to our performance this quarter, and I'm pleased to share that the year is off to a strong start in line with guidance as shown on slide 4. Total product revenue was up 3% from last year to $6.5 billion with cell therapy, Biktarvy, Trodelvy, and HIV driving growth. HIV grew 2% year-over-year, primarily driven by Biktarvy, which grew 18% and reported more than 4% market share growth compared to the first quarter of 2021. This is notable given the impact of our Truvada LOE. Sequentially, HIV was down 18%, primarily as a result of first quarter seasonality. Our growing oncology portfolio performed well, with Trodelvy revenue doubling compared to the first quarter of 2021, and cell therapy delivering another strong quarter of growth.
We recently expanded our portfolio of marketed cancer therapies following the FDA approval of Yescarta for second-line relapse and refractory LBCL. I'm also pleased to highlight the FDA approval of our new cell therapy facility in Maryland, which is part of the expected 50% increase in our manufacturing capacity by the end of 2022. The new facility will support our cell therapy growth expectations over the next several years. Moving to the pipeline, we shared the phase 3 top-line readout from TROPiCS-02 in March, showing that the study met its primary endpoint with a statistically significant improvement in progression-free survival versus physician's choice of chemotherapy. Additionally, the first interim analysis of the key secondary endpoint of overall survival demonstrated a trend in improvement. As you know, we are exploring potential pathways for approval with regulatory authorities to bring Trodelvy to these later-stage patients.
The details of the study results will be shared at ASCO in June. At the oncology deep dive earlier this month, we highlighted the broad potential for Trodelvy across multiple tumor types and lines of therapy, with plans to initiate 13 more Trodelvy trials through 2023, including 4 more in 2022. Turning to slide 5, as you know, the timing for TROPiCS-02 and the NDA decision for CAPELLA are subject to change. In the case of CAPELLA, this is due to the biocompatibility issue that we're working to resolve, and we're fully confident in lenacapavir itself. Other than that, we are on track with the remaining targeted milestones we shared with you in January. We've added some of the newly disclosed trials from our oncology deep dive as well on this slide.
Additionally, we're pleased to note that the partial clinical holds for the pivotal magrolimab trials, including ENHANCE-3 for first-line unfit AML shown in the slide, have been lifted. I'm also pleased to share that despite the hold, there's no change to the timing of the first interim readout for ENHANCE for first-line high-risk MDS, which we expect in the first half of 2023. Merdad will share more pipeline details later in the call. Before I pass it over to Johanna, I just want to take a moment to thank the Gilead and Kite teams who are putting the full weight of their expertise, passion, and commitment behind all of this work that you're seeing. It's thanks to our 14,000 employees across the world that we're delivering for patients with diverse conditions and diseases today and advancing a pipeline of innovative new therapies for the future.
We have some bold ambitions for the coming years, and we're confident of achieving them given the level of innovation and capabilities that we have in place today. Now, I'll invite Johanna to share an update on our first quarter commercial performance. Over to you, Johanna.
Thanks, Dan, and good afternoon, everyone. Turning to slide seven, we had a solid start to the year with total product sales excluding Veklury of $5 billion for the quarter, up 2% year-over-year, driven by cell therapy, Trodelvy and HIV, and offset in part by HCV pricing dynamics. Quarter-over-quarter, total product sales excluding Veklury were down 14% as a result of the seasonality we typically see in the first quarter of the year, primarily in our HIV business. On slide eight, you can see that HIV sales were down 18% quarter-over-quarter to $3.7 billion, consistent with our guidance, given the seasonality we customarily experience in the first quarter of every year. First, the channels build their inventories over the fourth quarter and then draw them down during Q1.
On a dollar basis, the majority of the sequential decline was associated with inventory drawdown. Second, we realized lower net prices in part due to increased co-pay support, Part D discounts, and other efforts to maintain access and affordability of our HIV medicines as patients' insurance plans reset. This is a customary Q1 dynamic that we expect to normalize throughout the rest of this year. Year-over-year, HIV sales were up 2%, driven by market growth for both treatment and PrEP, offset in part by the impact of the loss of exclusivity for Truvada in 2020. The year-over-year impact of this LOE is expected to be minimal starting in this quarter, second quarter of this year. Excluding the LOE impact, HIV sales increased 5%.
Overall, we're encouraged by the signs of recovery seen in the HIV treatment market despite screening and diagnosis rates still below pre-pandemic levels and the continuing impact on market growth due to the Omicron surge in Q1. As a result, both the U.S. and European HIV treatment markets were down slightly on a sequential basis. On a year-over-year basis, the European market was roughly flat and the U.S. market grew a little over 3%. The PrEP market grew 33% year-over-year and 3% sequentially. Notably, Descovy continues to hold approximately 45% market share and will continue to engage with payers to ensure those who benefit from PrEP have access to their preferred regimen.
We believe Gilead remains well-positioned in PrEP, and as highlighted during our virology deep dive in February, we expect the market to double by 2030, catalyzed by the launch of long-acting regimens such as lenacapavir. Descovy sales in the first quarter were $374 million, up 4% year-over-year , driven by continued PrEP market growth and partially offset by generic competition and switches to newer treatment medicines such as Biktarvy. Turning to slide nine, Biktarvy sales of $2.2 billion in the first quarter were up 18% year-over-year , driven by U.S. market growth and notably continued share gains in both the US and in Europe. Biktarvy remains the leading regimen for new starts and switches in the US and new starts in Europe.
In fact, Biktarvy share is up 4.5% year-over-year to 43% share in the U.S., almost 8 times larger than the next leading promoted medicine and representing the highest share of any complete regimen for the treatment of HIV. Moving to slide 10, in HCV, we maintained steady market share and the 22% decline year-over-year was primarily driven by unfavorable pricing dynamics. Sequentially, HCV was up 2%, while the overall market and new patient starts continue to be impacted by the pandemic. HBV and HDV on slide 11 were up 7% year-over-year due to higher demand for Vemlidy, namely in Asia. Sequentially, HBV and HDV declined 11%, driven by the same HBV seasonal inventory and pricing dynamics impacting HIV.
Hepcludex sales were $11 million for the quarter, primarily reflecting sales in Germany and France, where full reimbursement has been established. Our discussions with regulatory bodies and other countries across Europe are ongoing, and of course, we look forward to potential approval in the U.S. in the second half of this year. Veklury revenues in the first quarter were $1.5 billion, as shown on slide 12. Veklury utilization tracks hospitalization rates, and therefore, due to the timing of Omicron surges, was lower in the U.S. after January, but higher in Europe and Asia later in the quarter. We're optimistic that there will not be another surge this year in the U.S. Overall, we will maintain our readiness to support hospitalized and not hospitalized patients.
There's no change to our commitment to COVID-19 patients globally, and in that regard, we were very pleased to receive the World Health Organization's revised COVID-19 guidelines. These guidelines now conditionally recommend Veklury for the treatment of patients with non-severe COVID-19 at highest risk of hospitalization. Earlier this week, Veklury received FDA approval for the treatment of certain pediatric patients who are at least 28 days old, highlighting our ongoing commitment to extend the reach of Veklury where we can. Now turning to oncology. Trodelvy's sales were up 103% year-over-year and 24% sequentially, as shown on slide 13. We're encouraged by adoption not just in the U.S., but notably in Germany and France, and continue to work with health authorities and reimbursement bodies to extend Trodelvy's reach to patients globally.
We've completed the expansion of our field force to support the U.S. and Europe, and believe we are now at right scale to support physicians and make Trodelvy available across all approved indications to patients who could benefit from it. We're extremely excited by the feedback from physicians about Trodelvy's impact on patients, both those who are prescribing Trodelvy today and those who expect to have access to it soon. With strong physician uptake and our expanded field footprint starting in April, we believe Trodelvy will benefit more than the one in four second line metastatic TNBC patients we're reaching in the U.S. today. We look forward to sharing more updates as we progress throughout the year.
Turning to slide 14, on behalf of Christi and the Kite team, cell therapy sales for the first quarter of 2022 were $274 million, up 43% year-over-year and 15% sequentially. For the quarter, Yescarta sales of $211 million were up 32% year-over-year and 16% sequentially, driven by continued global demand in relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma, as well as in follicular lymphoma. This highlights the growing recognition of the durable long-term survival benefit showcased at last December's American Society of Hematology meeting. For Tecartus, sales of $63 million were up 103% year-over-year due to strong demand in relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma. We're pleased with the strong early uptake for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the U.S. following approval last October, which contributed to the 11% sequential growth in Tecartus.
The strong momentum we've seen across our cell therapy portfolio continued with the approval of Yescarta in second-line relapsed or refractory LBCL earlier this month, as well as FDA's approval for our new Maryland manufacturing facility announced just last week. Through capacity improvements across our existing in-house CAR T manufacturing site, in addition to the new Maryland site, we expect our manufacturing capacity to increase by up to 50% and support our aspiration to serve a cumulative more than 25,000 patients by the end of 2025. Second-line orders started coming in the day after the FDA approval and have been steady ever since. It is truly heartening to see the immediate help we can provide for patients. Given Yescarta second-line inclusion in the NCCN guidelines and robust clinical data, we expect Yescarta to shift the paradigm in the standard of care for LBCL patients.
Christi is here with the team and is available to take any questions on cell therapy during our Q&A. With that, I will hand over the call to Merdad for an update on our clinical pipeline.
Thank you, Johanna, and hi, everyone. 2022 is full of clinical activity here at Gilead, and I hope the virology and oncology deep dives were helpful in highlighting the breadth and depth of our portfolio. By the end of 2022, we expect to have more than 90 clinical trials underway across oncology, virology and inflammation. With such a broad portfolio, our focus is firmly on innovation and execution to ensure that we fully leverage its potential. Moving to HIV on slide 16, we shared exciting 1-year data from the CAPELLA trials at CROI in February, reporting 83% virologic suppression in heavily treatment-experienced people living with multi-drug-resistant HIV. Given the significant unmet need of this patient population, the lenacapavir NDA was designated priority review by the FDA, and we're planning to resubmit the NDA as soon as we've resolved the clinical hold and complete response letter.
As you know, the basis of these FDA actions was the compatibility of lenacapavir with the vials in use at that time, not lenacapavir itself. We're in ongoing dialogue with the agency to consider an alternative vial and look forward to updating you of our progress in due course. Separately, we're on track for the HTE MAA approval in Europe in the second half of the year. At our virology deep dive in February, we shared details of the 8 internal candidates that could partner with lenacapavir for treatment and highlighted the additional early development or discovery assets shown on slide 17. In addition to our PrEP programs, these assets give us a high degree of confidence that Gilead will sustain its leadership in HIV through the 2020s and beyond. In the immediate term, we continue to generate very strong data for Biktarvy.
At CROI, we showed biologic suppression at or above 98% in the ME analysis and 0 cases of treatment failure due to resistance to any components of the single tablet regimen in two 5-year phase 3 trials. Of note, this 5-year duration is unprecedented for an HIV regimen. Moving to slide 18. Veklury is playing an important role in the fight against COVID-19 and is the only antiviral approved for use in both hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients. Just in the past few days, the FDA approved an sNDA for Veklury for the treatment of pediatric patients who are at least 28 days old and either hospitalized with COVID-19 or with mild to moderate COVID-19 and considered high risk for progression to severe COVID-19.
In addition to Veklury, we have an ongoing phase 1 trial of GS-5245, our investigational oral COVID-19 nucleoside that once metabolized, works in the same way as remdesivir. Results from this study could lead to a registrational trial. Even while we hope the worst of this pandemic is behind us, we will continue to work to ensure that COVID-19 therapies are available to as many patients as possible. Moving to oncology and specifically Trodelvy on slide 19, we'll share more detailed data from the TROPiCS-02 study at ASCO in June.
As a reminder, we announced that the study met its primary endpoint with statistically significant PFS versus physician's choice of chemotherapy in late line patients, and that results are consistent with the Trodelvy arm in the Immunomedics 132-01 phase 1/2 trial. OS showed a trend in improvement at the first interim analysis, and we're now targeting a final OS analysis in 2024, depending on the timing of events. In the meantime, we're engaging with regulatory authorities to explore potential pathways given the high unmet need. As a reminder, TROPiCS-02 targeted a more advanced patient population than DESTINY-Breast04. The encouraging clinical data we've seen in this more challenging patient group has strengthened our excitement in exploring earlier stage patients. As we shared two weeks ago, we're planning a pivotal study for frontline HR-positive, HER2-negative patients, and we'll share more information in due course.
In addition to TROPiCS-02, we're targeting first patient in or FPI for a number of new Trodelvy trials this year. In the first half of 2022, this includes frontline studies for non-small cell lung cancer and PD-L1 positive and PD-L1 negative metastatic TNBC. In the second half of the year, we're targeting FPI for the EVOKE-03 phase 3 trial for first-line non-small cell lung cancer. TROPiCS-04 for metastatic urothelial carcinoma is ongoing, and we anticipate a readout in the 2023/2024 timeframe. As you can see on this slide, shared for the first time at our oncology deep dive earlier this month, we are in the earliest stages of evaluating how Trodelvy, either alone or in combination, could bring new options to people with cancer. In total, we're studying more than 25 combinations, including seven phase 3 combination studies.
On behalf of my Kite colleagues, on slide 20, I'm pleased to highlight the FDA approval of Yescarta for the second-line treatment of relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma earlier this month. The approval is based on the Zuma-7 trial data that show that 2.5 times more patients receiving Yescarta were alive at 2 years without disease progression or need for additional cancer treatment versus the standard of care. This was the first cell therapy approved by FDA for initial treatment of refractory or relapsed LBCL and within 12 months of initial treatment. Yescarta was also added to the NCCN's B-cell lymphoma treatment guidelines for these patients. Moving to magrolimab on slide 21, we're very pleased that the FDA lifted the partial clinical holds for our MDS and AML trials, and we've resumed enrollment in our three pivotal studies.
I'll note that the remaining partial clinical holds on DLBCL and multiple myeloma are being reviewed by a different division of the FDA, and we're actively working to resolve them as quickly as possible. In the meantime, the impact of these remaining partial holds is limited since the DLBCL trial was already fully enrolled at the time of the partial clinical hold and the multiple myeloma trial had just initiated. Overall, we're excited by magrolimab's potential to be the first new treatment for first-line high-risk MDS patients in 15 years and have completed patient enrollment for the first interim analysis that we expect to share in early 2023. In the meantime, we look forward to sharing data from our phase 1B trial for high-risk MDS and first-line TP53 AML with more patients and longer follow-up at ASCO in June.
Finally, on slide 22, in noting that the timing for the potential submission of TROPiCS-02 and the sNDA decision for CAPELLA are subject to change, there are no updates to the targeted milestones shared with you in January. With our partner, Arcus, we're targeting a number of data readouts in the second half of the year and have added some new trials, including STAR-121, evaluating zimberelimab and domvanalimab in combination with chemotherapy for frontline non-small cell lung cancer, and ARC-21 to evaluate the same combination in upper GI malignancies. With that, I'll hand the call over to Andy.
Thank you, Merdad, and good afternoon, everyone. Before I get into the Q1 P&L review and the guidance update, I wanted to touch on the $2.7 billion partial in-process R&D impairment related to assets acquired from Immunomedics in 2020. This had a $1.63 per share impact on our Q1 GAAP results and on our full-year GAAP EPS guidance. There is no impact to our non-GAAP EPS in Q1 or to our non-GAAP EPS guidance for the full year. With the TROPiCS-02 data readout in March, we have reassessed the value of the assets acquired.
While no final decisions have been made pending discussions with regulatory authorities, as a result of the data, we have taken a $2.7 billion impairment to reflect the likelihood of a delayed launch of Trodelvy for third-line plus HR-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer in the United States as well as Europe. The possibility of a reduced market share in late-line patients given the emerging competitive landscape. Prior to today's update, Gilead was carrying $14.7 billion for the IPR&D indefinite-lived intangible assets acquired with Immunomedics. This now values these assets at $12 billion. Recall that the carrying value of Trodelvy reflected four potential indications in progress at the time of the acquisition. Triple-negative breast cancer and hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative breast cancer, bladder cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer.
At that time, we knew that Trodelvy's potential extended beyond these indications, but for accounting purposes, did not assign value for the incremental opportunities that we are exploring in prostate, endometrial, and other solid tumors, as well as potential combinations such as with magrolimab, domvanalimab, and PD-1s like pembrolizumab. As you saw at our oncology deep dive earlier this month, there are 13 Trodelvy programs targeted for initiation through 2023, including a number of incremental opportunities. As a result, we remain confident Trodelvy will deliver an attractive return to our shareholders over time. Moving to slide 24. The first quarter was a strong start to the year despite the expected seasonality observed in our HIV business and was stronger than expected Veklury sales.
Total product sales were $6.5 billion, up 3% year-over-year, with growth in cell therapy, Veklury, Trodelvy and HIV offset in part by lower HDV revenue. Of note, FX negatively impacted first quarter revenue by almost $100 million net of hedges, representing approximately 160 basis points of growth. Total product sales, excluding Veklury, were up 2% from the first quarter of 2021 to $5 billion. In HIV, on a sequential basis, we were impacted, as expected by the normal seasonality associated with Q1 inventory burn following a build in Q4, in addition to the typical first quarter pricing headwinds that improve throughout the rest of the year. With Q1 now behind us, we expect sequential growth in HIV throughout the rest of the year.
Non-GAAP product gross margin was 87.4% for Q1, up 90 basis points year-over-year , primarily due to lower inventory reserve adjustment. First quarter non-GAAP operating expenses were largely consistent with our expectations as we support the expansion of our oncology business. Non-GAAP R&D was $1.2 billion, up 10% year-over-year , and non-GAAP SG&A was $1.1 billion, up 5% year-over-year , both primarily due to higher costs associated with Trodelvy. Moving to tax, our non-GAAP effective tax rate in the first quarter was 18.4%. Overall, our non-GAAP diluted earnings per share were $2.12 in the first quarter of 2022, compared to $2.04 for the same period last year, reflecting the higher revenue and higher gross margin, offset in part by higher operating expenses.
On a GAAP basis, our effective tax rate and earnings per share were impacted by the $2.7 billion impairment. We are excited about the strong start to the year, and as you can see on slide 25, the only revision to our outlook is to our GAAP EPS, primarily to reflect the $1.63 per share impact of the impairment discussed earlier. We now expect GAAP EPS in the range of $3 to $3.50 per share, from $4.70 to $5.20. On Veklury, we note the strong revenue start to the year, but also fortunately the significant drop-off in U.S. hospitalizations during the first quarter and into the second quarter so far.
With that in mind, we will monitor demand through the second quarter and evaluate our full year guidance in the middle of the year. One housekeeping item before we wrap up. Following recent guidance from the SEC, beginning in the first quarter and similar to many of our peers, Gilead will no longer exclude acquired in-process R&D expenses from non-GAAP financial measures. Prior period results have been updated to reflect this new methodology and are shared in our supplementary data posted on the investor relations website. As a reminder, our full year guidance does not include the impact of any future upfront payments related to the normal course of business partnerships or licensing deals. Going forward, we plan to update our guidance on a quarterly basis to reflect the impact of any new corporate development transactions closed in the prior quarter.
Moving to slide 26, you can see there is no change for our capital allocation priorities. In the first quarter, we repaid $500 million in debt. Additionally, we returned $1.3 billion to shareholders through our dividend and repurchase of shares. Finally, on M&A, there is no change to our philosophy here either. We are very comfortable with the breadth and the quality of the pipeline that we have built, acquired or partnered, and the growth that it will enable in the coming years. With that in mind, you can expect us to continue to opportunistically access high quality assets through partnerships or make smaller acquisitions in the normal course of business. With that, I'll invite the operator to open the Q&A.
Certainly. Ladies and gentlemen, if you have a question at this time, please press star then one. We ask that you please limit yourself to one question each, and then you may get back in the queue as time allows. Our first question comes from the line of Michael Yee from Jefferies. Your question please.
Hey, guys. Thank you. Good afternoon. Maybe I could ask about the planned or potential Trodelvy filing. You note that it's subject to change. Maybe you could just describe what you think the conversation is with FDA. Is it a combination of a modest PFS and OS trend? And is there a magnitude of OS trend that you think will be attractive and allow a green light to a filing? Maybe just talk a little bit about that and what would drive a filing. Thank you.
Thanks, Michael. I'll turn it over to Merdad Parsey in just a second, but I'd just remind folks that we will be discussing the data more at ASCO coming up there in early June. We look forward to engaging with regulatory authorities in the coming months to further discuss the data and the path forward. I'll see if Merdad Parsey has anything to add on that at this stage, but.
Yeah, Michael, I think as normal course of business, we'll always discuss the data, the totality of the data with the agency prior to a filing and have that conversation with them. As we've said, the primary endpoint was statistically significant and so we will have that conversation with them, looking at all the data and come to a conclusion based on the feedback we get.
Right. We continue to look at earlier lines of therapy and plan those trials to move up in lines of therapy given the results we saw in TROPiCS-02 as well in HR-positive. Thanks a lot, Michael, for that. Can we have the next question?
Certainly. Our next question comes from the line of Matthew Harrison from Morgan Stanley. Your question please.
Hi, this is Charlie Yang for Matthew. I guess my question is, you know, is Veklury currently being used in China and then could it actually benefit from the COVID outbreak there?
Maybe, if that's the case, can you talk about what's the economics look like over there? Thank you.
Thanks for the question. We'll go right to Johanna.
Hi, Charlie. Thanks for your question. Veklury has been used now with over 11 million patients worldwide, which I think is really impressive, and it's still one out of two hospitalized patients in the U.S. What we are seeing, though, is trends of less severe disease and therefore less hospitalizations, but also less treatments. Specific to your question to China, we don't have approval in China at this point in time, and we're continuing those discussions with health authorities in light of the fact that what's going on in China with the pandemic, obviously. I do think the WHO guidelines being updated just most recently is also gonna help those discussions, as well. More to come on that, but not currently in play at this point in time in China.
Thank you.
Thanks. Can we have the next question, please?
Our next question comes from the line of Brian Abrahams from RBC Capital Markets. Your question, please.
Hey there. Thanks so much for taking my question. Sticking with the COVID-19 theme, anything new that you're seeing that increases your level of confidence in GS-5245's potential for success? And are there any ways to potentially expedite future development of that asset? Thanks.
Thanks, Brian. I'll hand over to you, Merdad.
Yeah, nothing new to report, Brian. It's a great question. We continue to move along really well in our phase 1 study. That's moving forward expeditiously and we are working with the agency to design the phase 2/3 program and really moving as fast as possible. We've got great partnership with the agency and others and are really ready to pounce. Right now, so far so good.
Thanks, Brian. Can we have the next question, please?
Our next question comes from the line of Simon Baker from Redburn. Your question, please.
Thank you for taking my question. On HIV, Johanna, you alluded to the market dynamics. I just wondered if you could give us a little bit more color and update us on how diagnosis rates are now compared to the beginning of the year. Also if you are seeing any initial impact from Glaxo's launch of Cabenuva. Thanks so much.
Sure. Both market and Cabenuva. Thanks, Simon, for your question. Let me start with the market. If you look at the screening and diagnosis levels, they're still somewhat below pre-pandemic, but they're definitely catching up. I think what we saw in the first half of 2021 was a really depressed market and started picking back up in Q3 and Q4 of last year. What we saw in Q1 of this year, despite the Omicron surge, that obviously impacts what we saw quarter-over-quarter, pretty much flat in the U.S. and overall Europe as well. Year-on-year change, though, we have 3.6% growth. I think that's the signal that we need to watch for and continue to focus on.
Since Gilead has close to 75% market share of the total HIV market, I think it's really, it's part of our responsibility to ensure that we get screening and diagnosis up and make sure we end this epidemic. More to come on that, but there's a lot of activities the team is taking on to ensure that we get people back in and screened so that we don't have full-fledged cases of AIDS, which unfortunately we've seen in the recent past, and you've seen that anecdotally. On the prevention market, it's a little bit different. Prevention market bounces back a lot faster post this pandemic, and we've seen that time and time again after every single surge.
What we've seen quarter-over-quarter was about a 3% growth in the U.S. for prevention, so slightly modest growth, which declined a little bit, but that's because of the Omicron surge in January. Year-over-year, the growth was 33%. I think that's really telling in the sense of how it bounces back much faster post these surges. That's been kind of consistent year-on-year as we've seen the different, I guess, variants. On your question around Cabenuva, specific to Cabenuva, treatment share in Cabenuva is 0.6%. No, we haven't seen an impact. What we see is new entrants coming into the market. You always see a little bit of switching going on, which is normal. I do think that there's an ask from a patient standpoint.
This is the first long-acting, so it is exciting. What we're also seeing is a higher than usual drop-off rate with Cabenuva as well. A lot of that share is going to Biktarvy back. I do think it's interesting to watch, and I think the more agents on the market, the better. But definitely one that at this point in time, very limited impact to the HIV market share for Gilead. Thanks for your questions.
Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Geoff Meacham from Bank of America. Your question, please.
Hey, guys. Afternoon, and thanks for the question. I had an HIV question for Merdad or maybe even Daniel. You've got an increasingly broad pipeline around the lenacapavir, and I know getting long-acting right is strategically very important to Gilead. The question is, you know, what's been the main bottleneck so far? Is it a matter of matching up the PK/PD for lenna? And would you wait to go into a larger scale trial if there was a candidate that may make an optimal doublet with lenacapavir? Thank you.
Yeah. Thanks, Geoff. Appreciate it. I'm gonna turn it over to Merdad in a second here. You know, just remind, for those of you that didn't have the chance to look at the virology deep dive day, we really did spend a lot of time on the entirety of the portfolio and the many shots on goal we have along with lenacapavir. Lenacapavir is a truly unique molecule, and you know, presents opportunities and challenges to find exactly the right partner. We certainly have many that we'll be progressing to the clinic. Merdad, maybe you wanna give a little more meat to the comments.
I mean, maybe I'll start by saying, you know, on the prep side, we obviously don't need to wait for a partner molecule. Really, at this point, it's about resolving the issues with the clinical hold. Once that gets resolved, we'll be back in business with the trials and we'll move as fast as possible to get the prep studies completed and get our filing done. In treatment, you're absolutely right. Again, I think you're right. We've built the portfolio to provide us numerous options to then combine with lenacapavir for treatment in a long-acting mode. That's a mix of oral approaches, where we could have an oral long-acting molecule or a parenteral long-acting agent.
For parenteral, we're trying to go for, you know, longer than two months. For oral, we are looking at hopefully getting to weekly or thereabout. We have a number of candidates that are progressing to show us. Essentially, you said it right, which is, you know, do they have the right properties from PK/PD standpoint for an oral agent, and do they have the right properties parenterally, including things like injection site reactions and tolerability. It's less about the ability to inhibit HIV replication. It's more about the molecule and the formulation characteristics that allow us to get to long-acting therapy. I'll just say again that lenacapavir is a very unique and special molecule that enables us to do that.
Finding another molecule that has those sorts of characteristics is the challenge that we're undertaking.
Thanks. Greg, the next question, please.
Certainly. Our next question comes in line of Do Kim from Piper Sandler. Your question, please.
Hi. Thanks for taking my question. I wanted to ask about Yescarta and the launch in second-line LBCL. Was hoping you could provide some first impressions of the launch and whether your sense of the demand out there is matching with your expectations.
Yeah, thanks, Do. We're delighted to have Christi here with us, so we'll hear it from the source here.
Yeah, thanks.
Over to you, Christi.
Thanks, Do. You know, we're very encouraged. First, before the approval, the NCCN guidelines changed and now put Yescarta for LBCL second line as a category one, which as you may know, physicians and providers use to identify standard of care. That happened a month before approval, which is unusual in these times. Then with the approval, right after the approval, our manufacturing site was approved in Maryland. We really feel like we're hitting on all cylinders in terms of really bringing this important therapy to patients. The second line launch was approved on a Friday at about 3 P.M., and on Saturday, orders started to come in. We're already manufacturing commercial product in our site in the Maryland facility. The...
Definitely, it's really early days, obviously, but the demand was building up, I think, when the data came out at ASH in December, and we're starting to see the orders come in as soon as we got approval.
Thanks, Christi, for that color. Greg, can we have the next question, please?
Our next question comes to the line of Cory Kasimov from J.P. Morgan. Your question, please.
Hi, this is Gavin on for Cory. Thanks for taking our questions. Just on Trodelvy label expansion opportunities, and lung cancer in particular with the EVOKE-02 study. It looks like there's multiple cohorts in the study, and we're just curious if, one, is there evidence of synergy with PD-1 inhibitors, and do you plan on sharing any of that this year? Two, are you gonna utilize a TROP-2 biomarker in any of these cohorts? Thank you.
Hey, thanks for the question. Merdad, why don't you cover the
Yeah,
Trodelvy and lung?
Sure, yeah. On the biomarker side, we continue to evaluate the role of TROP-2 expression in responses. As we discussed actually for the breast cancer study in our experience so far, we are not seeing a big impact of TROP-2 expression on responsiveness. We'll keep looking because lung cancer may behave differently than what we're seeing, and we do expect expression patterns to be different. Maybe there'll be a different cutoff in a different tumor type. That remains to be seen. In terms of synergy, we are. I think that's the nature of where we're going with the studies, and that in order to see additive benefit, we need to conduct the larger clinical trials.
We do think that coming at the tumors with the two different approaches will add. I'm always careful about using the term synergy. I think that implies a different mechanistic approach. I do think we expect additivity of the two components. Yeah, we do feel that we will have additivity that Trodelvy should bring additional benefit to patients over and above what the immuno-oncology agents, PD-1, PD-L1 inhibitors bring to the treatment of those patients.
Great. Thanks a lot, Merdad. Let's have the next question, please.
Our next question comes from the line of Robyn Karnauskas from Truist Securities. Your question, please.
Hi, guys. Thanks for taking my question, and congrats on the Yescarta data, by the way. I just wanna maybe play devil's advocate a little bit on your comments around M&A. I think some investors believe that you have all these great programs, but we're not gonna see them read out, and I think you did a good job highlighting that in the oncology day. For near-term growth, you know, are you thinking about would you be open to acquiring something that would provide some near-term growth to gap you before a lot of your Trodelvy trials and your magrolimab trials, like, start reading out? How are you thinking about that as a company?
Thanks, Robin. I'll start, and then maybe Andy can add. I appreciate you bringing that up. I think it's been a really purposeful strategic approach that we've taken over the last three years to build our oncology portfolio beyond CAR T-cell therapy, which is obviously now has a history with us for almost five years. I just remind the folks on the phone that in addition to whatever is acquired at the time of the acquisition in terms of trials and potential and capability of that size organization, naturally, when a large organization acquires, particularly these pan-tumor potential molecules, you begin really the process of extending the potential for that medicine alone in late lines, earlier lines, and in combinations, in thoughtful combinations.
I think actually Kite is a terrific example that going back now five years post the acquisition, I appreciate, Robin, that you started out with congratulations on Yescarta. To see the potential for a technology like cell therapy, you know, and the leadership that Kite took by bringing this up into earlier lines of therapy and the number of patients, of course, then that you can impact on with a potentially curative therapy is exactly kind of the playbook that we are pursuing right now with Trodelvy, with magrolimab, and obviously with the combination of Arcus assets, which albeit are a bit earlier in the process. I think we always have to remember the timeframe in which one evaluates the success of M&A.
The other thing I would just say is that, of course, we constantly are looking to complement that. I mean, the bar is much higher now for Gilead than it was several years ago because the number of possibilities and opportunities we have and the bandwidth that any one company can do. You see on the bandwidth side, we're also doing a lot of collaborations with other companies, including folks like Merck who are operationalizing, in fact, a study of ours with Trodelvy. There's different ways, I think, to work on the bandwidth. We will constantly be looking at different types of opportunities out there that complement our virology, our oncology, and our early inflammation program to add those to the growth story that we are creating here at Gilead. I'll just...
I know Andy spends a lot of time thinking about this. I'd love Andy's additional thoughts on this as well.
Thanks, Dan, and thank you, Robin, for the question. Look, I would just go back to start with, you know, fundamentally, we have a lot of confidence in where we are in our growth profile today. I think it's fair to say that the market maybe underappreciates the growth. Even, Robin, if you look at our first quarter results, especially when you adjust for the impact of the LOE and FX, there's really reasonably strong growth in our business, and this is just the beginning from our perspective. There are always things that we can do to work on our growth profile.
When you look at the strength of the HIV business, what we're seeing in our oncology business, hopefully, that gives you a sense of why we as a management team have so much confidence about not only where we are today, but where we're going. We recognize, to your question, that the growth profile should get meaningfully better in the next couple of years as the portfolio matures in the way that Dan was describing. While we will look at things including commercial assets, as you know, those are far and few between. Many of them are expensive, and that's not really where our focus is. We really genuinely believe we have everything that we need today to be a leading growth company in the sector, and it's just gonna take a little more time.
We're definitely seeing all the right signs that we are looking for as a management team. You should not expect that we're gonna go out chasing commercial assets or large deals. The guidance is very clear. It's ordinary course partnerships, maybe smaller commercial acquisitions. Again, we'll be opportunistic, but that's not where our focus is today.
Thank you. Thanks, Andy. The last thing I'd say in addition to the molecules and the medicines, the expertise that we're bringing into Gilead is second to none, and I hope you saw some of that, and it's just really some representation of that at both the virology and oncology deep dive stage 'cause that's really critical in any company that we've all as a leadership team worked in is really getting the right teams together at the right time to make sure we're making the right choices and decisions on the portfolios as we move forward. That's a really big focus for us, and we're really pleased with the progress we're making there. With that, let's have the next question please, Jonathan.
Certainly. It comes from the line of Umer Raffat from Evercore. Your question, please.
Hi, guys. Thanks for taking my question. I just wanted to expand on a prior question on oral remdesivir. It feels like the pace at which this program is moving forward and sort of the timeline to the pivotal trial start and the amount of time it'll take, it feels materially slower than how Paxlovid and molnupiravir moved. I guess my question is, what are the expedited pathways you guys are thinking about when talking to FDA? 'Cause presumably a 505(b)(2) path is not unreasonable given the public health emergency and/or maybe even an active comparator trial versus Paxlovid established non-inferiority relatively fast, given the pace at which infections are happening right now. There's a path where this could all wrap up this summer. Is that too accelerated in your view?
Yeah. Umer, I'll start, and then I'll hand over to Merdad. First of all, I mean, just to reinforce this message for everybody on the phone, I mean, we are absolutely moving with tremendous focus and speed. Of course, we have great lessons within our organization. Remdesivir was arguably the fastest development of an antiviral that's ever occurred from standing still, essentially to an approval in the United States. As you know, we've got a lot of experience from that in terms of working both with the cooperative groups around accelerating trials with the FDA around pursuing unique regulatory paths. Those learnings and those lessons, I just wanna say, are certainly being put to use now for GS-5245.
Having said that, we're of course at a very different stage of the pandemic at this stage. Therefore, both from a regulatory perspective and also our ability to recruit clinical trials, particularly with a somewhat waning pandemic in the developed world, you know, has implications on the paths we'll take. With that, maybe I'll turn it over to Merdad Parsey on any other details he wants to add.
Yeah, I mean, not much to add other than I think that our phase 1 study is moving very quickly. It's moving very nicely without any issues. I know, Umer, you've asked about the 505(b)(2) approach in the past. As you can imagine, those are all the avenues you've mentioned, are all avenues that we've thought about and explored. We will move with the fastest pathway available to us, and that's the nature of the discussions we're having with the agency.
Thanks for the encouragement, Umer. Let's take the next question.
Our next question comes from the line of Evan Seigerman from BMO Capital Markets. Your question, please.
Hi, guys. Thank you so much for taking the question. It might be a combo one for Andy and Merdad. Can you walk me through some of the math behind the $2.7 billion write-down, maybe how some of the data you've seen inform the magnitude of the impairment? I'm just trying to square how your assumptions may have changed from August 2020 to now based on data updates that we've had.
Hey, Evan, it's Andy. Thanks for the question. It's a great question. Look, it's relatively simple, and just to back up, remember, this is an accounting construct that we are required to reassess the value even before we have the discussions with the regulatory authorities. I just wanna back up and reiterate what we said when the data came out. The study was positive. This is strong data. There was a range of outcomes that we expected when we did the deal. This was within the range of outcomes, but it wasn't at the point that we had modeled specifically because we are required to when we put together the indefinite-lived intangible asset schedule after the acquisition. You know, it's a very simple model too.
The key, by the way, is our valuation, and when we have discussions in the coming months with the FDA, could change again, of course. We'll have to continue to look at the valuation of the assets that are still sitting on the balance sheet, which is the valuation attributed to hormone receptor-positive, HER2 negative breast cancer and non-small cell lung cancer over the coming years, as you'd expect, consistent with any business combination transaction. But it's relatively simple. It's your standard probability weighted discounted cash flow analysis, where you look at the probability of approval. We are assuming, Evan, I think this is the key for you.
We took a conservative approach when we were looking at this and assumed that there is not a path forward based on the PFS data and that we need to wait for overall survival, even though we're not certain that that's the case and we will know more in the coming months. For purposes of the accounting treatment, we had to make a call, and that's the call that we made, and that leads to the $2.7 billion. The other things I would add is we had Trodelvy related IPR&D of $14.7 billion at the end of 2021. A little over half of that or $8.8 billion of it related to hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer. The remainder was non-small cell lung cancer.
Again, we're already in the other indications that are approved, we're already amortizing that. Those are now finite-lived assets. Now we have $6.1 billion relating to the cash flows expected from third-line and beyond as well as the earlier-line hormone receptor-positive breast cancer indication. Hopefully that gives you a little bit of color. Again, I'd reiterate what we said on the call, which is when we did this originally, when we did the acquisition, we highlighted explicitly that we were gonna explore other tumor types and combinations that were not part of our deal model. There was no need to build them into the deal model from bottoms-up.
When you step back, more importantly, outside of the accounting construct, we continue to believe that there are many, many paths forward to create a lot of value for patients and for our shareholders with this. I'm happy to take it offline if it's helpful to give you more color.
Yeah. Thanks a lot, Andy. I mean, Evan, I think the bottom line is that, again, we took a somewhat conservative approach in the absence of having, you know, regulatory discussions so far. We thought it was the prudent thing to do. To Andy's point, I mean, this is an evaluation of value at the time of the transaction, which of course, several years later in terms of the indications, the combinations, the potential for Trodelvy, it's never, as you know, reflected in the initial accounting treatment of it. Hopefully, there's plenty of information there in our press release, and more than happy to take it up with you as well. Thanks, Evan, for that. Let's have the next question, please.
Our next question comes from the line of Tyler Van Buren from Cowen. Your question, please.
Hey there. Good afternoon, and thanks for taking the question. Can you please give us your latest thoughts regarding a successful outcome for the ARC-7 trial when we get the phase 2 PFS data later in the year? Related to the readout for the upcoming Roche results, what are you most interested in seeing other than the primary endpoint?
Thanks a lot, Tyler. Turn it over to Merdad, please.
Sure. Excuse me.
Hi, Tyler. Yeah, you know, I think our thinking has been that domvanalimab as a TIGIT agent will add to the ORR. To your point, it's not only that that we would be looking for. What we would be hoping for in addition to the overall response rate is going to be the depth of the responses and the durability of responses, right? Those are the factors that we'll be looking for. We will also be looking to see what the Roche data looks like when it comes out at ASCO to see what they've seen as a sort of a benchmark, if you will. Those are the various factors we'll be looking for.
Obviously, tolerability is going to be in there as well and the overall profile.
Thanks, Merdad. Thanks, Tyler. Let's have the next question please, John.
Our next question comes in line of Mohit Bansal from Wells Fargo. Your question please.
Great. Thanks for taking my question. Maybe a question for Andy regarding FX. Andy, you mentioned that in one Q there was a $100 million impact. Then since you provided the guidance, I mean, US dollar has been strong, about 7% US dollar to European euro decline. Just what I'm trying to understand is how much of the FX impact you are absorbing in this guidance which you are maintaining right now. From my math, it could be $200 million plus. If that means that this base business is really stronger than you anticipated, if you could help us understand where this trend is coming from. Thank you.
Sure. That's a great question, Mohit. I'm happy to take it. Look, it's relatively simple and that you're absolutely right. Even in April, we've seen a continued deterioration of exchange rates or strengthening of the dollar, which impacts the revenues coming from our European business. To be clear, the $100 million impact was a year-over-year comparison Q1 to Q1. Johanna and I are watching the budget impact of the exchange rates very carefully. Part of the confidence in maintaining the guidance is that, yes, there are FX headwinds. There are also, for instance, related to your question, there's also this change in the accounting treatment of in-process R&D, which will lead to additional expenses from upfront payments that weren't previously part of how we reported non-GAAP earnings.
On the flip side, there are parts of our business that are outperforming. Again, think of the strength of Veklury that we've seen so far. Johanna and I and the rest of the management team will look at the puts and takes of this in the middle of the year, and we'll provide a more thoughtful update. I think the key for you is recognizing the couple of things that have changed that could impact negatively our EPS, our GAAP and non-GAAP EPS. There are also things that will have additional strength we expect over the course of the year that will offset that to some extent. We'll give you additional color later in the year, but we're very comfortable maintaining our guidance where we are today. Hopefully that helps.
Thank you very much, Andy. Let's have the next question, please.
Our next question comes from the line of Colin Bristow from UBS. Your question please.
Hey, good afternoon, and thanks for squeezing me in. Just a quick one, just following on the TIGIT and adenosine asset. I just wanted to really understand where you're you know what is it you're most enthused about and how you're just thinking about this strategically? Is it the TIGIT and PD-1 doublet that you know you really see the value, but there's some concern about market timing? Or are you you know absolutely excited about the triplet data? Can you just help me through that? Thanks.
Thanks, Colin. Merdad, go ahead.
Sure. Look, I think we obviously are gonna be looking across all the data across all the assets. Maybe the way I would say it is that we're seeing the TIGIT PD-1 combination as likely to be sort of the benchmark or the basis for treatment, at least in lung cancer and potentially more broadly. As such, our hope is to have you know a great combination there to make sure that we then have something to which we can add other potential agents that could bring us to even better responsiveness. Whether that's adenosine or Trodelvy or you know something else in our pipeline, I think those are all options for us to consider.
We're seeing, I would say the floor is being raised is our belief, and that TIGIT PD-1 combination becomes sort of the baseline that we need to aim for.
Thanks. Very nice conceptual there. Out of respect for everyone's time, we'll take one last question. Jonathan, can we have the last question, please?
Certainly. Our final question for today comes from the line of Salveen Richter from Goldman Sachs. Your question please.
Hey, thanks. This is Matt on for Salveen. Thanks for squeezing us in. Just to go back to TIGIT real quick. You and Arcus have previously noted that you'd wanna see an ORR greater than 50%. But what would you like to see on PFS and most importantly, OS? It seems like more than 30 months might be sufficient on OS given KEYTRUDA mono data and maybe a year plus for PFS. Just would be great to hear your thoughts on this. Thank you.
Well, what I would say is those milestones. I would agree with the milestones that you've got there. It's important to remember that those milestones will take time to play out. We are going to make our bets without being able to look at, you know, OS for 30 months, right? We're gonna have a less mature data set from which to make that decision. You're absolutely right that we will be looking at all of those things.
The driver will be to see that, again, tolerability and a benefit as far as the overall response rate is concerned and look for benefits in the depth and duration of response that we can garner from the data set at the maturity that we will have when we look at it. There I would just say, you know, in a sense, watch our actions because you'll be seeing the studies we'll be getting underway, and that should give you a sense of our confidence in those assets.
With that, I just wanna thank everybody. I really appreciate the attention today for the couple of deep dives we've had. We look forward to chatting with you at ASCO and beyond to keep you updated on our progress for the year. With that, I'll turn it over to Jackie for some final comments.
Thank you all for joining us today. We do appreciate your continued interest in Gilead and look forward to updating you throughout the year, as Dan said. Have a great rest of your day.
Thank you, ladies and gentlemen, for your participation in today's conference. This does conclude the program. You may now disconnect. Good day.