Good afternoon, my name is Regina, and I will be your conference operator today. At this time, I would like to welcome everyone to the Halozyme Fourth Quarter and full year 2022 Financial and Operating Results Conference Call. All lines have been placed on mute to prevent any background noise. After the speaker's remarks, there will be a question and answer session. If you would like to ask a question during this time, simply press star then the number one on your telephone keypad. If you would like to withdraw your question, press star one again. Please note that this event is being recorded. I'll now turn the call over to Tram Bui, Halozyme's Vice President of Investor Relations and Corporate Communications. Please go ahead.
Thank you, operator. Good afternoon, and welcome to our fourth quarter and full year 2022 financial and operating results conference call. In addition to the press release issued today after the market closed, you can find a supplementary slide presentation that will be referenced during today's call in the investor relations section of our website. Leading the call will be Dr. Helen Torley, Halozyme's President and Chief Executive Officer, who will provide an update on our business, and Nicole LaBrosse, our Chief Financial Officer, will review our financial results for the fourth quarter and full year 2022, as well as guidance for 2023. On today's call, we will be making forward-looking statements. I refer you to our SEC filings for a full list of risks and uncertainties. During the call, both GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures will be discussed.
Certain non-GAAP or adjusted financial measures are reconciled with the comparable GAAP financial measures in our earnings press release and slide presentation. I will now turn the call over to Helen Torley.
Thank you, Tram. Good afternoon, everyone. I'm very pleased with our fourth quarter and full year 2022 results, which continues to reflect strong financial and operational performance across the entire company, creating positive momentum and positioning Halozyme for an exciting 2023. In 2022, we extended our leadership as a subcutaneous drug delivery platform company through the continued expansion and progress of our ENHANZE portfolio and through the acquisition of Antares Pharma and the small volume auto-injector platforms. The acquisition also resulted in a diversification of our revenues, with the addition of the auto-injector and specialty testosterone products businesses. Moving to slide three, we achieved record revenue of $660 million in 2022, an increase of 49% year-over-year.
This strong performance was primarily driven by the continued growth of our ENHANZE portfolio and includes revenues from our acquired auto-injector and specialty product businesses. Fourth quarter 2022 revenue was $181 million, an increase of 78% over the same period in the prior year, resulting from continued growth of ENHANZE royalty revenues, incremental product sales and royalties from our small volume auto-injectors, and sales of XYOSTED, our commercial testosterone replacement therapy product. As we look ahead, we enter the new year with compelling growth opportunities. Our ENHANZE capabilities support our goal to expand the number of current and new partners utilizing ENHANZE, our high-volume auto-injectors Plus ENHANZE, and our small-volume auto-injectors. As a result, Halozyme is well positioned for continued growth. This growth is reflected in our guidance for 2023.
We project record revenues of $815 million-$845 million, growth of 23%-28% over 2022. We project EBITDA of $415 million-$440 million, greater than 30% year-over-year growth. In 2023, we have multiple drivers of new opportunities contributing to near and long-term growth. These include two potential new commercial launches for ENHANZE for subcutaneous efgartigimod and subcutaneous atezolizumab. Current partners advancing new targets into the clinic and advancing their development programs. It is our goal to sign a new ENHANZE agreement, an ENHANZE plus high-volume auto-injector agreement, and a small volume auto-injector agreement. Moving now to slide four, I'll provide an overview of the royalty revenue projections.
For 2023, we project total royalty revenue, including ENHANZE and our auto-injector devices of $445 million-$455 million, growth of 23%-26% from royalty revenue of $360 million in 2022. This guidance reflects continued projected growth from our strong fourth quarter performance, in which total royalty revenue was a record $106 million, which represented 69% growth over the fourth quarter of 2021. Our Wave Two products, DARZALEX subcutaneous and Phesgo, continue to drive this strong royalty revenue growth. The robust and rapid adoption of DARZALEX subcutaneous in the U.S. and Europe demonstrate that adoption faces no real barriers in either geography. Phesgo, growing rapidly in Europe, demonstrates the acceptance of our fifth product launch utilizing ENHANZE.
The strong adoption of our ENHANZE subcutaneous products by physicians and patients worldwide supports our excitement for the upcoming Wave Three , Four, and Five product launches. I'll now move to slide five, which focuses on DARZALEX, which is continuing on its remarkable growth trajectory. DARZALEX FASPRO, the subcutaneous version of DARZALEX in the United States, continued to grow share of total sales, achieving 86% share of total sales of DARZALEX by the end of the fourth quarter of 2022. Importantly, total DARZALEX sales in 2022 also continued to demonstrate strong growth. Janssen's parent, Johnson & Johnson, reported full-year 2022 worldwide sales of DARZALEX, including both the IV and subcutaneous forms of $8 billion. An increase of almost 40% year-over-year on an operational basis.
For the fourth quarter, worldwide sales of DARZALEX were more than $2 billion, an increase of almost 34% year-over-year on an operational basis. Johnson & Johnson highlighted on their year-end results call that the increase in DARZALEX sales was driven by share gains in all regions, continued strong market growth and continued uptake of FASPRO. With the opportunity for more use in frontline therapy, analyst projections for DARZALEX total revenue are estimated to achieve more than $16 billion in annual sales by 2028. We predict DARZALEX FASPRO will continue to grow for years to come as a result of this strong growth in DARZALEX, where the vast majority of use is and will continue to be DARZALEX subcutaneous.
Our second Wave Two commercial product is Roche's Phesgo, which is a combination of Perjeta and Herceptin for subcutaneous injection for patients with early and metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer. In 2022, Phesgo continued to show good uptake, with Roche reporting CHF 714 million in sales for the full year 2022, well on the way to becoming a $1 billion brand. With 33% conversion in the early launch countries, Phesgo offers a five to eight minute subcutaneous administration time compared to hours with standard intravenous administration. On their recent fourth quarter call, Roche stated that they expect continued growth and significant conversion to Phesgo to continue. On slide six is an overview of our waves of potential launches.
Focusing on Wave Three, these products represent a mixed set of royalty revenue opportunities, with potential launches projected between 2023 and 2025. The Wave Three products are subcutaneous efgartigimod, atezolizumab, nivolumab, and ocrelizumab. Our long-term growth trajectory is further supported by our Wave Four products, with potential launches in the 2025 to 2027 time frame. Wave Four is comprised of 10 partner products, two of which are in or about to start Phase III, and the remaining eight are in ongoing Phase I clinical testing or have completed Phase I testing. I'll move now to slide seven and say a few words about why I am so excited about the potential that is represented by our Wave Three launches. Firstly, all of the Wave Three products are approved in at least one indication as an intravenous administration.
This is an important de-risker in terms of development risk. Secondly, all have the potential to launch soon, between this year and 2025. Thirdly, further de-risking the opportunity, two of these products, subcu efgartigimod from argenx and Roche's subcu atezolizumab, have completed positive Phase III studies and are currently under regulatory review with the potential for approval decision and launch in 2023. The fourth key point is that the opportunity represented here in terms of analyst projections for total product sales is $30 billion in 2028, significantly higher than the opportunity for our Wave Two products that are driving our strong royalty revenue growth to date. Let me now provide some more detail on each product. A summary of the ongoing indication seeking studies for the Wave Three products is provided on slide eight. Beginning with argenx.
In November of 2022, argenx announced FDA acceptance of their Biologics License Application for subcutaneous efgartigimod utilizing ENHANZE for the treatment of adults with generalized myasthenia gravis, and also the submission of a Marketing Authorisation Application to the European Medicines Agency. In January of 2023, argenx provided an update that the PDUFA date had been extended to June 20th, 2023, to allow the FDA sufficient time for review of the data that had been submitted. We are excited that subcutaneous efgartigimod has the potential to be the first of our Wave Three partner launches, with U.S. approval and commercial launch projected in the second half of 2023.
As argenx's flagship pipeline product, efgartigimod is being developed for the treatment of multiple autoimmune disease indications, with subcutaneous development of six indications, of which four indications are only for subcu delivery. Multiple data readouts are projected in 2023, including data in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy in the second quarter of 2023, and for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and Pemphigus in the second half of the year. Analysts project potential total efgartigimod annual revenue of approximately $5 billion in 2028. The launch of the intravenous version is certainly off to a strong start in the early launch countries. In its preliminary results for the fourth quarter, argenx noted strong physician and patient demand for VYVGART and reported total quarterly net product revenues of $175 million and full year 2022 revenue of $402 million.
Moving now to Roche. Roche is one of our longest standing and experienced partners with ENHANZE, and we're delighted to collaborate with them on two of our Wave Three opportunities, subcutaneous atezolizumab and subcutaneous ocrelizumab. Beginning with atezolizumab. In November of 2022, Roche announced the submission of a Biologics License Application to the FDA and a Marketing Authorization Application to the EMA for subcutaneous atezolizumab with ENHANZE. Subcutaneous atezolizumab has the potential to be more convenient for patients and physicians, with an approximate seven-minute subcutaneous administration time compared to 30-60 minutes for IV treatment. With a PDUFA date of September 15, 2023, Roche expects atezolizumab to be the only subcutaneous anti-PD-L1 on the market for a full year. We're excited to see the continued growth of TECENTRIQ.
In its recent earnings call, Roche reported IV TECENTRIQ revenues increased 14% year-over-year to CHF 3.7 billion for full year 2022. Transitioning now to Roche's OCREVUS for multiple sclerosis. OCREVUS achieved sales of more than CHF 6 billion in 2022, representing an increase of 17% year-over-year for Roche. Currently, there are two IV regimens approved for use. When considering both the treatment and the observation schedule, the range of time for patients receiving IV OCREVUS is 3.5 hours at the fastest to six hours at the longest. The phase III trial for subcutaneous of ocrelizumab is ongoing.
For subcutaneous, the target total administration and observation time for the first and second dose is one hour, with the goal that for each subsequent dose, the data supports regulators approving a 10-minute administration and observation time. Data readout from this study is expected in mid-2023. Moving to our fourth Wave Three product, nivolumab, BMS continues to progress with its phase III study of subcutaneous nivolumab, utilizing ENHANZE in patients with renal cell carcinoma. BMS also recently initiated a second phase III study of nivolumab subcutaneous with ENHANZE in patients with melanoma. On its recent fourth quarter call, BMS noted Opdivo IV sales of $8.2 billion for full year 2022, an increase of 10% year-over-year or 14% excluding FX.
In summary, wave three represents substantial, more de-risked, near-term new royalty revenue opportunity for Halozyme, with that opportunity driven by the timing of approval of the subcutaneous versions of the drugs within the projected 2023-2025 time window, and also the speed and peak of conversion to subcutaneous. Let me now just make a brief comment on the ENHANZE pipeline progress in 2022. I'm very pleased to report that we continue to advance and expand our ENHANZE pipeline, supporting 12 new partner study starts, meeting our 2022 goal to support initiation of at least 10 new studies. These starts included supporting partners advancing 2 new products with ENHANZE into the clinic and supporting initiation of three new phase III programs, the final step in development prior to regulatory submission.
In addition, we supported initiation of an additional seven new studies designed to further explore and potentially expand the profile of ongoing partner subcutaneous programs. In 2022, this pipeline progress contributed strongly to recognition of the approximately $109 million in total collaboration revenue, with notable milestones recognized for phase III study initiations for amivantamab subcu and nivolumab plus relatlimab subcu. In 2023 and beyond, our goal is to continue to expand the number of products in development and to advance products through development to regulatory approval and launch, adding multiple new royalty revenue streams. I'll now move to our wave four product candidate pipeline, which is shown on slide nine.
We have 10 product candidates in our wave four pipeline, which if they proceed in development and to approval and launch, represent potential revenue drivers between 2025 and 2027. The two most advanced products are Janssen's amivantamab and BMS's fixed-dose combination of nivolumab plus relatlimab with ENHANZE, which are in or soon to start phase III development. Both of these products are already approved as IV treatments, an important subcutaneous development de-risker. In 2022, Janssen initiated a phase III study of lazertinib plus amivantamab with ENHANZE in patients with EGFR mutated advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. In 2022, Bristol- Myers Squibb also initiated the phase III study called RELATIVITY-127, which has the goal of demonstrating that drug exposure levels of nivolumab plus relatlimab fixed-dose combination with ENHANZE is not inferior to intravenous administration of the same combination.
This is being studied in patients with previously untreated metastatic or unresectable melanoma. We're expecting the first patient to be dosed in this study in early 2023. Let me now transition to an update on our auto-injector and specialty product businesses beginning on slide 10. Our acquisition of Antares last year further strengthened our leadership in drug delivery, creating the opportunity to develop a high-volume auto-injector by combining ENHANZE with our auto-injector know-how. In the fourth quarter, we continued our discussions on the opportunity for our high and small volume auto-injectors with current and new potential partners. Our high-volume auto-injector for rapid delivery of up to 10 ml enabled by ENHANZE offers a truly differentiated opportunity for patient-friendly, high-volume subcutaneous treatment delivery that can be utilized across a spectrum of disease areas for both small molecule drugs and biologics.
In 2022, the team made significant progress on the development of a working prototype. The prototype is ready for clinical testing, and we expect to initiate and complete human feasibility studies by mid-year 2023. Our goal in 2023 is to gain an agreement with a current or a new partner to collaborate on the custom development of a high-volume auto-injector. I'll turn now to our commercial business, which includes XYOSTED and TLANDO, shown on slide 11. Beginning with XYOSTED, this is our weekly virtually painless subcutaneous testosterone replacement treatment, which is patient delivered by auto-injector. Our goal in 2023 is to grow XYOSTED to over $100 million in revenue as a stepping stone to accelerate growth in 2024 and beyond.
In 2022, in the seven months since the acquisition, we focused on increasing XYOSTED demand, identifying opportunities to reduce gross to net deductions, and identifying and developing plans to address points of prescription leakage that we have identified. While we have continued to achieve new weekly high prescription levels each month in 2022, Q4 XYOSTED revenue came in slightly lower than our expectations, driven by a mix of lower demand and lower net price than projected. As we start 2023, year-to-date, I am pleased to say that XYOSTED demand is off to an excellent start, with the growth over Q4 exit on track with our plan to deliver $100 million in revenues in 2023. Our growth strategy focuses on converting patients from the most common treatment approach, which is intramuscular injections.
IM testosterone injections can be associated with pain and can require physician or healthcare practitioner administration. XYOSTED, with its weekly virtually painless subcutaneous injection delivered by a patient-administered auto-injector, offers a new approach that may address these challenges. We also remain focused on gaining access for TLANDO, our oral testosterone treatment. We have not yet reached agreement with pharmacy benefit managers on an appropriate rebate rate. Until access is established, we are projecting low revenue for TLANDO in 2023. Closing on Antares, our total revenue since the acquisition was $113 million, which came in slightly below our projected range of $115 million-$125 million, which we had provided at the time of the acquisition.
Before I hand the call over to Nicole, let me reiterate our commitment to our strategic growth and capital allocation priorities shown on slide 12. Our goal continues to be to maximize revenue growth and durability. We're continuing to return capital to our shareholders with our share buyback plan. We've now completed $350 million of the $750 million three-year program that was approved by the board of directors in December of 2021. Our goal in 2023 is to repurchase up to an additional $150 million, pending market conditions and other factors as part of this plan. We're also continuing to evaluate M&A opportunities, seeking additional platforms or companies with de-risk assets, platforms, or technologies where we see the opportunity for significant revenue growth and revenue durability.
I will now turn the call over to Nicole, who will discuss our financial results for 2022 and the outlook for 2023. Nicole?
Thank you, Helen. 2022 was a year marked by strong financial performance. Halozyme recorded record revenue as a result of growing ENHANZE royalties and the addition of the Antares business. We completed the acquisition of Antares that met our expectations in being accretive to revenue and non-GAAP EPS. We also strengthened our balance sheet through a strategic refinancing, locking into a lower interest rate that, combined with our cash generation, puts us in a strong capital position with a net debt-to-EBITDA ratio of 3.2 at year-end. As Helen mentioned, we remain committed to deploying capital through our share repurchase program to complement our EPS growth. With our 2022 repurchases, our share buyback programs have resulted in the repurchase of 30.6 million shares since 2019, which contributed $0.32 to non-GAAP earnings per share for the full year of 2022.
I'll now turn to slide 13 for our fourth quarter of 2022 financial highlights. Here, I'll focus on total revenue for the fourth quarter, which was $181.5 million, a 78% increase compared to $102 million for the fourth quarter of 2021. The increase was driven by an increase in royalty revenue, primarily attributable to subcutaneous DARZALEX and the addition of product sales as a result of Antares acquisition. Revenue for the quarter included $106 million in royalties, an increase of 69% compared to $62.6 million in the prior year period. Lastly, for the quarter, GAAP diluted earnings per share was $0.42 and non-GAAP diluted earnings per share was $0.48. I'll now turn to slide 14 for a review of the full year 2022 results.
I'll briefly touch on some highlights here with more details available in our press release and 10-K filed with the SEC today. Total revenues grew 49% to $660.1 million in 2022, off of an already substantial revenue base in 2021 of $443.3 million. The main contributor to this increase was higher revenue from royalties of $360.5 million, up 77% from 2021. Product sales of $191 million were up sharply from $104.2 million in 2021 due to the product contribution from the Antares acquisition.
Collaborative revenues of $108.6 million saw a decrease from prior year of 20% from $135.3 million, resulting from fewer partner milestone driving events. New for the year is amortization expense of $43.1 million as a result of the Antares acquisition, in which we acquired intangible assets that are amortized over a useful life related to the auto-injector technology platform and proprietary products. Research and development expenses were $66.6 million compared to $35.7 million in 2021. Selling general and administrative expenses were $143.5 million compared to $50.3 million in 2021. These increases were primarily due to the acquisition and an increase in compensation expense related to the ongoing combined larger workforce.
GAAP EPS was $1.44 compared to $2.74 in 2021. As a reminder, 2021 GAAP EPS included a one-time tax benefit from the reversal of our tax valuation allowance, representing approximately $1.05 per share. Non-GAAP EPS for the year was $2.21, an increase from $2.00 in the prior year, and an impressive achievement as 2022 reflects our first year recognizing income tax expense, impacting 2022 non-GAAP EPS by approximately $0.50 per share. Cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities were $362.8 million on December 31st, 2022, compared to $740.9 million on December 31st, 2021.
Let me turn to our 2023 guidance on slide 15, which we are reiterating and was first provided on January 10th of this year. For the full year of 2023, we expect total revenues of $815 million-$845 million, representing growth of between 23%-28% over 2022 total revenue. We expect revenue from royalties to increase between 23%-26% over revenue from royalties in 2022 to a range of $445 million-$455 million. We expect EBITDA of $415 million-$440 million, representing growth of more than 30% over 2022 EBITDA and excludes the impact of amortization costs related to the Antares acquisition.
We expect non-GAAP diluted earnings per share of $2.50 to $2.65. Our earnings per share guidance does not consider the impact of potential future share repurchases. With that, I'll now turn the call back over to Helen.
Thank you, Nicole. 2022 was a transformational year for Halozyme. We made great strides as a combined company with our One Team culture that enhanced our leadership in drug delivery and supported our continued growth. 2023 will be another year with significant growth opportunities. Highlights include the potential start of our Wave Three product launches with two potential approvals in 2023 for subcutaneous efgartigimod and subcutaneous atezolizumab. Continued progress in the development of our high-volume auto-injector with ENHANZE, the goal of signing new collaboration agreements across our platforms, and continued revenue growth resulting from our commercial products. I will end by thanking our Halozyme team and our partners and collaborators for the strong progress made in 2022. I'm excited regarding our 2023 plan that is resulting in our strong revenue and EBITDA growth guidance.
With that, we would be now delighted to take your questions. Thank you everyone for joining us today. Operator, would you please open the call for the questions?
At this time, I would like to remind everyone in order to ask a question, press star one on your telephone keypad. Our first question will come from the line of Mohit Bansal with Wells Fargo. Please go ahead.
Great. Thank you for taking my question and congrats on all the progress. Maybe one question we get a lot is, do we have some clarity on how Inflation Reduction Act will treat ENHANZE products at this point, especially the products which have longer patent protection due to the co-formulation patents? Thank you.
Thanks, Mohit. At this time, we are still awaiting CMS to provide the regulations and the details as to exactly how it's going to be implemented, there still is not clarity. We obviously are watching that closely, and we'll provide an update as it becomes clearer. Obviously the question really is as to whether the subcutaneous, which have a different BLA filing and a different launch date, would restart a different clock. No answer we can give on that yet, Mohit, but that's definitely of interest to us and our partners.
Got it. Super helpful. Thank you.
Your next question will come from the line of Michael DiFiore with Evercore ISI. Please go ahead.
Hi, guys. Thanks so much for taking my question, and congrats on the quarter. Two from me. Number one, I noticed that Merck is conducting a phase III non-small cell lung cancer trial of pembrolizumab plus hyaluronidase. Any thoughts on how this may be different from ENHANZE? The second question is concerning subcutaneous VYVGART. Obviously, VYVGART's expected to be a big product in 2023, and you seem to be pretty bullish on the size of the subcu opportunity. Having said that, why didn't the VYVGART PDUFA delay not lead to a change in your guidance?
Yep. Thanks for those questions. Let me begin with the question on Merck. We noted that the data announced at study start. Mike, we don't have any details as to exactly what Merck is using and how they are proceeding, so we really can't comment on that. That would be a question obviously better addressed to them. What we can say is with regard to ENHANZE, we obviously have established this as the proven, well-tested leader in supporting subcutaneous delivery of drugs. We do find that our proven track record of success with five approvals, more than 600,000 patients, who have received treatment with ENHANZE drugs really puts us in a great position and a great negotiating position for continue to expand the number of deals we have.
That's all I will say on that one. On VYVGART, as people may be aware, the FDA did feel that due to some additional data that was submitted during the review process, that they needed more time to review. They extended the PDUFA date by three months, and so now the PDUFA date is June of 2023. We do have milestones associated with approval of products, obviously, this pushing out three months doesn't make any change to our guidance as we still expect this to fall within 2023 based on all of the information we have to date.
Got it. Thanks so much.
Your next question comes from the line of Jason Butler with JMP Securities. Please go ahead.
Hi. Thanks for taking the questions. two for me. First of all, you pointed previously to the potential for an ENHANZE plus auto-injector partnership or collaboration this year. Is that still your expectation that that could occur? Secondly, the clinical work that you're doing, the feasibility testing, can you maybe give us some parameters about how you're assessing success or progress with that work in 2023? Thanks.
Yeah, thanks for that, Jason. Yes, we are indeed still planning and actively discussing with both current and potential new partners the beginning development program of ENHANZE with a high volume auto-injector. Very happy with the progress of those discussions. The clinical study of which we in my prepared remarks mentioned, we expect to have data for that midyear, is a feasibility study. We created a prototype. We tested it in some other models by the end of last year, which was our goal. Now we want to take it into patients, human volunteers, and basically just show the feasibility and reliability of it.
As an example, the primary endpoint will focus on the number of devices that fired appropriately and delivered the drug in the required amount of time. That's pretty standard for these types of tests, and it's a nice way just to confirm the prototype is effective in doing what it was designed to do.
Great. Thanks for taking the questions.
Thank you.
Your next question will come from the line of Jessica Fye with J.P. Morgan. Please go ahead.
Great. good afternoon. Thanks for taking my questions. first, can you elaborate a little bit on the studies, the profile enhancing studies mentioned on the last slide of the deck, regarding patient preference and on body device? Just curious to learn a little more there. Second, following up on an earlier question about Merck's subcu pembro that sounds like it's using hyaluronidase as well, can you walk through why you would not be worried about partners trying to pursue a similar approach, creating their own ENHANZE-ish products with hyaluronidase and or whether you expect Merck to infringe any IP? Thank you.
Great. Thanks for those questions, Jess. I'll begin with the profile enhancing studies. For everybody that's on slide 18 of the deck that we showed. I think, Jess, you particularly wanted to hear about the patient preference study and the on body device. These are studies that partners are doing for already commercialized or late-stage development drugs. And it's all these types of studies are done to enhance the profile or provide additional information to inform patients and/or physicians with regard to how the drug can be used. These are trials that are actually listed on ClinicalTrials.gov, but we didn't have permission from our partners to actually list them here.
You, you can find more about them and pretty routine and I think exciting that partners are continuing to explore and expand the profile of drugs that are in development. With regard to Merck, I think, you know, the reason we're not worried about our current partners wanting to move and develop their own hyaluronidase and start incorporating that really focuses on a number of factors. The first one is that we bring a very strong safety track record. The issue when you combine two biologics together is the worry about immunogenicity. And with 600,000 patients treated, they know that has been a very well-characterized safety profile. First question that comes up in all of our new deal negotiations is that worry.
I think that's the first one, Jess. We also have established a very strong relationship with all of our partners, demonstrating our expertise in development and regulatory and reliability of supply. If you like the phrase, if it ain't broken, why fix it? I think that is another reason they would not consider doing that. We obviously are very conscious about being reliable and a low-cost supplier to our partners. So them thinking about that would make no sense. The third one I think is a little bit more strategic for the partners.
If you look at our partners, many of them are more focused on developing new molecular entities to deliver new large revenue streams rather than take the time and resources to focus on a modest reduction to what it's costing, for example, in a royalty rate. For all of those factors, we think it's highly unlikely that our partners would want to develop their own rHuPH20, with no indication they are.
Our next question will come from the line of Corinne Jenkins with Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead.
Yeah. Good afternoon, everyone. I think maybe just for clarification for me, I think we've previously talked a lot about the 5 ml, now you're talking about a 10 ml as well. Can you just talk about where you stand in the development of that 10 ml version and, what are some of the gating steps before that can enter the clinic?
Yeah, thanks for that, Corinne. Our prototype has actually been designed with flexibility that depending on what a partner actually wants, it can deliver anything from 5 ml to 10 ml. It's the same basic prototype that we have in development. It's just the fill cartridge will be able to be varied depending on what volume the partner actually wants. That clinical testing that we plan to do this year will evaluate several options of volume up to 10 ml.
That's helpful. Thanks. Then as you think about kind of your current portfolio of partnered products, what portion of them fall under 10 ml versus 5 ml versus less than that? Is that something you can provide clarity on?
We've mentioned when we did the acquisition that we have a small number of our partner programs today that are in those volume ranges. We've tended to work on larger volumes, 15 mls, being quite common for our volume. There are certainly a handful of current partners who are in that 5 to 10 ml range. They haven't provided that information publicly, so we're not in a position to do that. As we said when we did the acquisition, this also, and part of the strategy in moving to ENHANZE what the high volume auto-injector is to get new deals and new collaboration partners.
I can say from us evaluating the landscape, we see a number of opportunities out there that may be new deals for us in the future that allow us to be delivering that 5 to 10 ml amount as well. Think of it as some opportunities with our current partners, but really this was to open up a whole new market of opportunity for enhanced ENHANZE.
Thanks. Maybe just one last one for me. We've got a couple of product launches coming this year. How should we think about the path to co-formulation patents for those products? Is that something we can get some visibility on in the near term?
I can say that all of our currently marketed products have received or have pending patents for co-formulation patents. I can also say, Corinne, that all of our development partners are very actively engaged, and a number of the ones who've got advanced to late stage development have already filed applications for co-formulation patents. Specific by partner is not something we can talk about because that's partner confidential information, and I think the visibility will come as patents are issued. Those become public domain, and at that point in time you'll be able to find them and we'll be able to talk about them.
Our partners have been unanimous in their support of protecting their inventions and filing co-form patents, which obviously we are very pleased about and support because in general those have benefit to us in terms of the duration of time we get royalties, and they can also push out the time for the step down. We're very aligned in our very active focus on new co-form submissions.
Good. Thank you.
Your next question will come from the line of Vikram Purohit with Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead. Vikram, your line may be on mute.
Hi, can you hear me now?
We can.
We can.
Okay, great. Thanks for taking my question. Sorry about that. We had one question on subcutaneous ocrelizumab. Assuming the phase III data here is positive, how do you foresee uptake for a subcu option ramping in this market, particularly given some recent competitive developments here in the multiple sclerosis space? Thanks.
Yes. We are expecting based on latest comments from Roche, the data mid-year, with the goal of taking therapy from the treatment and observation time for a minimum of 3.5 hours to six hours, down to the initial doses with subcu being an hour for injection and observation. The goal is 10 minutes if the data support that. You can see what a transformation that would be for patients who are receiving MS therapy lifelong and having to go to an infusion suite. I do think just based on that profile and being able to get to a simple, 10-minute injection, this will be very competitive with other products that are available on the market.
Roche has not commented on specific uptake, but they have commented that they see an exciting market for the subcu, option and delivery.
Once again, for any questions, please press star one on your telephone keypad. Your next question will come from the line of David Risinger with SVB Securities. Please go ahead.
Hi, this is Dan Tarjan on for Dave. Two questions for us, please. One, can you provide some more color on your portfolio phase I candidates and including the historical odds of a phase I candidate eventually advancing to phase III, and also the typical timeline for a phase III go/no-go decision after candidate enters phase I? Second question, any modeling color you can provide on the first quarter of 2023 and the following quarters? Thank you.
All right. With regard to the phase I candidates, those really today would be what we are calling our Wave Four products. If I just turn to That phase III. That will be listed on page nine. As you, as you can imagine then, it really does all depend on the individual partners plans and programs as to exactly what that timeline is. The two products that are at the top of the list on that page, amivantamab and nivolumab, moved pretty rapidly from their end of phase I into the phase III decision. In other cases, we have studies that are ongoing, such as ARGX-117, and rilpivirine. Those are still active studies, and so you wouldn't move forward.
There is one study there, teplizumab, I think, Dan, we talked about that before, where we heard comments from Horizon that say they were evaluating going forward and options with and without PH20. We're still awaiting for a final decision on the plan there. But I would say just based on those examples, the majority of the studies here, listed are still ongoing in the phase I, with Teplizumab being one that's completed. Once those studies are finished and a decision is made, and often there's a conversation with the FDA about the design of the phase III study, it can usually is measured in months amount of time.
I think, six months plus or minus is a reasonable time frame, for a transition we might see between a phase I and a phase III for a partner who is wanting to move quickly, to move forward into, phase III development. Sorry, could I have you just repeat the second question? You cut out a little bit for us.
Yeah, no problem. The second question was, any modeling perspectives for the first quarter of 2023 and the following quarters?
Yes. I'll ask Nicole to address that.
Happy to share. While we don't provide guidance on a quarterly basis, what I can say as we, you know, look forward to Q1, from a revenue perspective, you know, we are able to share that total collaboration revenue we are forecasting to be relatively flat in 2023 versus 2022. We do have line of sight to milestones beginning in the second quarter of the year and really being more weighted into the second half of the year. That can give you a little bit of a line of sight to expectations. When I talk about, you know, maybe looking at royalties. Just to reiterate, our royalty guidance for the whole year is $445 million-$455 million.
While, what we do see in Q1 is sequential growth could be flattening in the first quarter and then growth sequentially thereafter throughout the year. That's really a driver of seasonality with our EpiPen. We have FX rate resets at the start of the year. Also looking into Q1, we're expecting minimal true up in the first quarter.
I will just add that, we wanted to provide that bit of color. We're very excited about the continued growth that we're going to see, in the subsequent quarters, both in terms of our royalties, but also milestones that are a little, that will begin in, Q2, as Nicole said.
That's very helpful. Thank you.
We have no further questions at this time. Ladies and gentlemen, that will conclude today's meeting. Thank you all for joining. You may now disconnect.