Welcome, thank you for joining the Independent Bank Corporation 2022 fourth quarter and full year earnings call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. A brief question and answer session will follow the formal presentation. To ask a question at this time, please press star one on your telephone keypad. If you change your mind at any time, please press star two and for operator assistance at any point, it's star zero. Thank you. Now, let me turn the call over to Brad Kessel, President and CEO. Brad, you may begin.
Good morning and welcome to today's call. Thank you for joining us for Independent Bank Corporation's conference call and webcast to discuss the company's fourth quarter and full year 2022 results. I am Brad Kessel, President and Chief Executive Officer, and joining me is Gavin Mohr, EVP and Chief Financial Officer, and Joel Rahn, Executive Vice President, Commercial Banking. Before we begin today's call, I would like to direct you to the important information on page two of our presentation, specifically the cautionary note regarding forward-looking statements. If anyone does not already have a copy of the press release issued by us today, you can access it at the company's website, independentbank.com. The agenda for today's call will include prepared remarks, followed by a question and answer session, and then closing remarks.
Independent Bank Corporation reported fourth quarter 2022 net income of $15.1 million or $0.71 per diluted share versus net income of $12.5 million or $0.58 per diluted share in the prior year period. This represents increases in net income and diluted earnings per share of 20.6% and 22.4% respectively over the fourth quarter of 2021. For the fourth quarter of 2022, we generated an annualized return on average assets and return on average equity of 1.21% and 17.94% respectively.
For the full year December 31, 2022, the company reported net income of $63.4 million or $2.97 per diluted share compared to net income of $62.9 million or $2.88 per diluted share in 2021. Our fourth quarter performance capped a very strong year as our entire organization executed extremely well despite a macroeconomic environment with many challenges and uncertainties. This past year, with our successful expansion into new markets and addition of new banking talent, we were able to generate strong commercial loan growth and higher net interest income, which enabled us to offset a significant decline in mortgage banking revenue and deliver a higher level of earnings in 2022 than we did in 2021.
These full year results generated a return on average assets and return on average equity of 1.31% and 18.41% respectively. Importantly, we have generated significant growth in our loan portfolio while maintaining sound underwriting criteria, a low level of past dues and net recoveries credited to our allowance in 2022. We continue to see positive trends during the fourth quarter, including double-digit annualized growth in our commercial loan portfolio and further expansion in our net interest margin. Independent Bank has grown to $5 billion in assets as of year-end 2022 as compared to $4.7 billion as of December 31, 2021.
Our current position in our markets has had a positive impact on business development as we consistently see more commercial clients wanting to do business with a local bank that offers superior level of responsiveness and customer service while also having the size and scale to meet larger financing needs. Given the health of our loan portfolio and our high level of liquidity and reserves, we believe we are well positioned to continue effectively managing through the challenging and uncertain economic environment that we're presently in and delivering strong results for our shareholders as we continue to leverage the investments we have made in banking talent and technology over the last several years. During the fourth quarter, our total deposits grew to $4.38 billion from $4.33 billion the prior quarter end.
Of the $4.38 billion, we consider $3.85 billion to be core. During the fourth quarter, we did see a decline in our core balances of $91.7 million. We believe a good portion of the decline to be seasonal, but also some movement related to the competitive market conditions. For the quarter, total cost of deposits increased from 0.33% to 0.77%. For the full year, total deposits increased by $295 million, of which $53 million is core. Stated another way, our core deposits increased for all of 2022 by 1.4%.
We have included in our presentation a historical view of our cost of funds as compared to the Fed funds spot rate and the Fed effective rate from the last rate hike cycle through the most recent quarter end. It may or may not be indicative of what we see prospectively, but does provide a good historical view of our company and its cost of funds during a rising rate environment. Through year-end, our beta for the cycle to date is 16.2%. We are currently forecasting a 50-point hike in February, a 25 basis point hike in March, and then 25 basis point cuts in September and December of this year. Given the more competitive market we are now seeing for deposit pricing, we estimate a higher beta with future rate hikes.
At this time, I'd like to turn the presentation over to Joel Rahn to share a few comments on the success we're having in growing our loan portfolios, as well as provide an update on our credit metrics.
Thank you, Brad. On page 7, we provide an update of our well-diversified loan portfolio. Total loans increased $55.4 million in the fourth quarter, led by our commercial portfolio which increased $58.6 million. This continues our trend of strong quarterly commercial loan growth. For the year, our commercial portfolio increased $263 million or 22% as a strategic expansion of our commercial banking team as well as marketplace disruption positively impacted growth. While moderating slightly in the fourth quarter, we see low double-digit commercial loan growth continuing into 2023 based on a solid pipeline and our continued focus on adding talent to our commercial banking team. In terms of residential activity, despite the headwinds of higher interest rates, our mortgage portfolio increased by $13.5 million in the quarter.
For the year, our mortgage portfolio grew $228 million. Consumer installment lending softened in the quarter as we have strategically pulled back in that area. That portfolio declined $16.7 million in the quarter. For the year, we grew our consumer loan portfolio $68.3 million. Overall, we are extremely pleased with our loan growth and believe we are on track to continue our planned asset rotation from the investment portfolio to higher yielding loans into 2023. On page 8, we provide detail of our $1.47 billion commercial loan portfolio. C&I lending continues to be our primary focus, representing 64% of the portfolio. Manufacturing is the largest concentration within the C&I segment, comprising approximately 11% or $157 million.
The remaining 36% of the portfolio is comprised of commercial real estate, with the largest concentrations being industrial at $124 million or 8.5%, and retail at $118 million or 8%. It's worth noting that of the $662 million of new commercial loan volume generated in 2022, $411 million or 62% was C&I versus $251 million or 38% investment real estate. By design, this portfolio is very granular in nature, and we're maintaining our credit discipline to ensure that we maintain good diversity in this portfolio. Page 9 provides an overview of key credit quality metrics at 12/31. Total non-performing loans were $3.7 million or 0.1% of total loans at year-end.
Loans 30-89 days delinquent totaled $3.1 million at 12/31, up slightly from third quarter, primarily due to an uptick in consumer loan delinquency. At this time, I'd like to turn the presentation over to Gavin for his comments, including the outlook for the remainder of the year.
Thanks, Joel. Good morning, everyone. I'm starting at page 10 of our presentation. Page 10 highlights our strong regulatory capital positions. The CET1 ratio and the total risk-based capital ratio increased in the fourth quarter of 2022. Net interest income increased $6.3 million from the year-ago period. Our tax-equivalent net interest margin was 3.52% during the fourth quarter of 2022, which is up 39 basis points from the year-ago period and up 3 basis points from the third quarter of 2022. I will have some more detailed comments on this topic in a moment.
Average inter-interest earning assets were $4.64 billion in the fourth quarter of 2022 compared to $4.43 billion in the year ago quarter and $4.61 billion in the third quarter of 2022. Page 12 contains a more detailed analysis of the linked quarter increase in net interest income and the net interest margin. Our fourth quarter of 2022 net interest margin was positively impacted by two factors: increase in yield on investments of 13 basis points and change in loan yield and mix of 36 basis points. These increases were partially offset by an increase in funding cost of 46 basis points. We will comment more specifically on our outlook for net interest income and net interest margin for 2023 later in the presentation.
On page 13, we provide details on the institution's interest rate risk position. The comparative simulation analysis fourth quarter 2022 and third quarter 2022 calculates the change in net interest income over the next 12 months under five rate scenarios. All scenarios assume a static balance sheet. The base rate scenario applies the spot yield curve from the valuation date. The shock scenarios consider immediate, permanent, and parallel rate changes. The decrease in the base rate forecast and net interest income in fourth quarter 2022 compared to third quarter 2022 is primarily due to an adverse shift in the funding mix and higher than modeled betas on interest-bearing deposits during the quarter. These changes were partially offset by earning asset growth and a favorable change in earning asset composition.
The shift in sensitivity is primarily due to faster liability repricing due to a shift in the funding mix with a decline in less sensitive DDA and savings deposit and an increase in wholesale funding. Currently, 28% of assets reprice in one month and 41.3% reprice in the next 12 months. Moving on to page 14, non-interest income totaled $11.5 million in the fourth quarter of 2022 as compared to $15.8 million in the year ago quarter and $16.9 million in the third quarter of 2022. Fourth quarter 2022 net gain on mortgage loans totaled one and a half million dollars compared to $5.6 million in the fourth quarter of 2021.
The decrease in these gains was due to a decrease in mortgage loan sales volume and in the mortgage loan pipeline, as well as lower loan sale profit margins. Mortgage loan applications have slowed and the mortgage production mix has rotated to a lower percentage of saleable mortgages. Positively impacting non-interest income was a $0.7 million gain on mortgage loan servicing due to $2.2 million of revenue that was partially offset by a $0.5 million or $0.02 per diluted share after tax decrease in the fair value due to price and a $1 million decrease due to pay downs of capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights in fourth quarter 2022.
As detailed on page 15, our non-interest expense totaled $31.5 million in the fourth quarter of 2022 as compared to $34 million in the year ago quarter and $32.4 million in the third quarter of 2022. Compensation increased $1.3 million compared to the prior year quarter due to raises that were effective at the start of the year. A decreased level of compensation that was deferred in the fourth quarter of 2022 as direct origination costs on lower mortgage loan origination volume and an increase in lending personnel. Performance-based compensation decreased $0.3 million due primarily to a decrease in mortgage lending volume and lower performance level within the corporate incentive compensation plan compared to fourth quarter 2021.
The fourth quarter of 22 included a $0.7 million credit to the expense related to the reserve for unfunded lending commitments due to a decrease in volume of such lending commitments, as well as the expected loss rate. Other expenses decreased $6 million compared to the prior year quarter, primarily due to a lower fraud-related losses, as well as contract termination costs incurred during the prior year quarter. We will have more comments on our outlook for non-interest expense later in the provision, presentation. Page 16 is our update for our 2022 outlook to see how our actual performance during the fourth quarter compared to the original outlook that was provided in January of 2022. Our outlook estimated loan growth load in the low double digits.
Loans increased $55 million in the fourth quarter of 2022 or 6.5% annualized and $560.3 million or 19.3% for full year 2022, which is above our forecasted range. Commercial and mortgage loans had positive growth in the fourth quarter of 2022 while installment loans decreased. Fourth quarter 2022 net interest income increased by 18.4% over 2021 which is higher than our forecast of low single digit growth. The net interest margin for the fourth quarter of 2022 was 39 basis points higher than the fourth quarter of 2021. Net interest margin of 3.13% which is higher than our original forecast. Actual results benefited from a notable increase in interest rates during 2022.
The fourth quarter 2022 provision for credit losses was an expense of $1.4 million or 16 basis points annualized. This is within our forecasted 2022 full year provision range of 15-20 basis points of average total portfolio loans. The primary driver of the increase in the provision for credit losses was an increase in subjective allocations related to general economic conditions. Non-interest income totaled $11.5 million in the fourth quarter of 2022 which below our forecasted range of $13 million-$17 million. Fourth quarter 2022 mortgage loan origination sales and gains totaled $138.9 million, $80.6 million and $1 million respectively. The decrease in net gains on mortgage loans sold was primarily due to lower sales volume and decreased profit margin on mortgage loan sales.
Mortgage loans servicing generated a gain of $0.7 million in the fourth quarter of 2022. Non-interest expense was $31.5 million in the fourth quarter within our forecasted range of $30.5 million-$32.5 million targeted quarterly. Our effective income tax rate of 18.9% for the fourth quarter of 2022 was at the lower end of our forecasted range. Lastly, we purchased 181,586 shares at an average cost of $22.08 for the year to date period in 2022. Turning to page 17, this will summarize our initial outlook for 2023. The first section is loan growth. We anticipate loan growth in low double digit range. Are targeting a full year growth rate of 10%-12%.
We expect to see growth in commercial and mortgage loans with installment loans remaining flat. This outlook assumes a stable Michigan economy. Next is net interest income, where we are forecasting growth rate of 7%-9% over the full year 2022. We expect the net interest margin to be stable to slightly higher compared to full year 2022 by 5-10 basis points, primarily due to increasing yields on earning assets. This forecast assumes a 50 basis point increase in February, a 25 basis point increase in March, followed by a 25 basis point decrease in both September and December, and the target Fed funds rate in 2023, with long term rates declining slightly by year end.
A full year 2022 provision expense for allowance for credit losses of approximately 0.25%-0.35% of average portfolio loans would not be unreasonable. Related to non-interest income, we estimate a quarterly range of $11 million-$13 million. We expect mortgage loan origination volumes to decline by approximately 20% in 2023. Our outlook for non-interest expense is a quarterly range of $32 million-$33.5 million, with the total for the year 1.5%-2.5% above the 2022 actuals. The primary driver is an increase in data processing and FDIC deposit insurance premiums. Our outlook for income taxes is an effective rate of approximately 18.8%, assuming the statutory federal corporate income tax rate does not change during 2023.
The board of directors authorized share repurchases of approximately 5% in 2023. Currently, we are not modeling any share repurchases in 2023. That concludes my prepared remarks, and I would like now to turn the call back over to Brad.
Thanks, Gavin. Each quarter, we share a high-level view of our key strategic initiatives as we head into 2023. Our focus will continue to be on the rotation of our earning asset mix out of lower yielding investments into higher yielding loans. Growing our deposit base while managing our cost of funds and controlling our non-interest expenses. While there is increasing concern about a potential economic slowdown, at this point, we continue to see healthy economic conditions and loan demand in Michigan. We're excited about the opportunities we have to continue our growth trends into 2023. We've built a strong franchise based on a talented team, a low-cost deposit base, and well-diversified loan portfolio, which we believe positions us well to effectively manage through a variety of economic environments and continuing to deliver strong results for our shareholders.
At this point, we'd now like to open up the call for questions.
Thank you. If you would like to ask a question, please press star then 1 on your telephone keypads. We'll have our first question from the line of Erik Zwick of Hovde Group. Please go ahead when you're ready.
Good morning, everyone.
Good morning, Erik.
Good morning.
First, just wanted to start on the net interest margin. The guide for 2023 would imply some compression here from the Q4 2022 level. Just curious, you know, how you might expect that to trend throughout the year. If it'd be some of that compression front-loaded just as the deposit cost catch up. If the Fed, you know, stops its hiking campaign towards the middle of the year, would the compression potentially be slower in the back half of the year, or do you expect it to be kind of more even? Just curious, your thoughts on that topic.
Yeah, Erik, this is Gavin. You explained it very well. First part of the year, we do believe we'll see some compression. With the rate forecast we've utilized, there would be stabilization mid-year, potentially slight expansion at the back end.
Okay. Great. Thanks. With respect to the investment securities portfolio, I think I heard you mention there's still opportunities to, you know, optimize the entire asset mix. Just curious, you know, how you would expect the size of the securities portfolio to trend throughout the year, either in terms of, you know, kind of dollar amount or % of total assets, how it could look at the end of 23?
Yeah. At current modeling speeds, Erik, we're looking at about $170 million of run off next year.
Okay. Thank you. Appreciate that. In terms of the non-interest expenses that you mentioned in the presentation, some opportunities to gain additional efficiencies as you optimize delivery channels. Curious if you could talk to maybe any specific projects, either that have been implemented today or others you might expect to initiate in 2023?
Sure, Erik. This is Brad. You know, point your attention back to when we did our core conversion in May of 2021. Here we are now, coming up almost on the second year anniversary date post-conversion. You know, we continue to see opportunities for efficiencies with that conversion. In 2022, we had quite a bit of savings in the FTE count within the in the branch network. I think there's the opportunity there also, you know, just as we have vacancies, not having to replace those, as well as in the back room where we're, you know, just not touching the paper like we did previously.
Those are a couple of areas, that we think there's opportunity.
Okay. Last one for me. You spoke to a little bit in terms of the loan growth and the outlook for 10%-12%, led primarily by commercial installment loans flat. I'm curious maybe from a geographic perspective if there's any particular markets that are stronger today that you expect to drive that growth more relative to others in the coming year.
Well, Joel, why don't you go first? Go ahead.
Yeah. Well, I think it's a pretty straightforward answer, right? You know, I'll frame it up by saying in 2022 we had good growth in our entire footprint. All of our regions contributed. There's no question that our two largest markets, Southeast Michigan and West Michigan, are driving a lot of our growth, and we see that continuing. Southeast Michigan and West Michigan are our two most active growth markets.
Great. Thank you for taking my questions today.
Thank you.
Thank you. Your next question comes from the line of Matthew Renck of KBW. Please go ahead when you're ready.
Hi, guys. This is Matthew Renck filling in for Damon DelMonte. Hope everybody's doing well. With respect to credit, I was just curious if you're seeing any signs of stress within any of your loan categories. More specifically, with regards to the office portfolio, could you just provide some more color about what types of exposure you have to office and, how those loans are performing?
Yeah. This is Joel. I, in terms of just the overall credit quality, no broad trends that we're seeing. We're seeing a little bit of stress in the manufacturing sector, with just, you know, upward rising prices, cost of manufacturing product due to increased wages and raw material price inflation. Again, there's not a, you know, there's not a broad theme to it. We're just seeing isolated cases of that. We continue to watch that carefully. In terms of office exposure, we've got about $81 million. It's shown on page 8. It's about 5.5% of our portfolio in office.
I would characterize our office exposure as primarily suburban, low rise and with a fair amount of medical, office usage. We actually feel very good about our office exposure in our portfolio. It's held up extremely well.
Yeah. Joel, I'd add then, over on the consumer side, we continue to watch closely but are not seeing any early signs of stress there.
Got it. Great. Thank you for the color. Just one follow-up to Erik's questions about loan growth. Are you planning any new additions of commercial bankers or expansions into new markets?
Yeah. We are continually recruiting, you know, additional commercial banking talent. It's probably the best way I would answer that. That'll just be an ongoing strategy for us or focus and that's what we've got built into the 2023 plan.
Got it. Great. Thank you for taking my questions.
Thanks, Matt.
Thank you. As a reminder, any further questions is star followed by one. We now have Brendan Loesel of Piper Sandler. Your line is now open.
Hey, good morning, guys. Hope you're doing well. Maybe just to start off on kind of the equation between, you know, loan growth and funding it in the year ahead. You know, thanks for the comments on the securities book. I think you said $170 million of cash flow there. I guess that kind of funds about half of roughly 10% loan growth for the year. Just kind of thinking about the balance of that growth, you know, how much would come from core funding ideally versus the need for more wholesale funding?
Yeah. Well, you know, we wanna grow deposits, and we're still low single digit deposit growth for next year, and then the balance would come through wholesale or potentially, yeah, I guess I would say wholesale, yeah.
Got it. Got it. Okay. Then maybe one more from me. You may have kind of addressed this in a prior question already, but just conceptually, I'm wondering what would be a better outcome for the margin at this point. You know, whether it's stability after the Fed wraps up its tightening program or a more rapid pivot to rate cuts?
Yeah. It's the more rapid cuts, rate cuts. The caveat I'd give you there, Brendan, is that assumes that we're able to achieve the betas going down that we've seen historically. You know, that is you get a less inverted curve, which we do benefit from.
Okay. Under-understood. The prospect for rate cuts, I mean, do you think like the first couple of cuts allows you to start pushing back on deposit pricing or maybe not so much given that Federal funds will still be so far ahead of the industry's cost of funds at that point, most likely?
I think that's a great question.
Yeah.
I think what it does is then you could sort of stop the catch up. Right? It then you don't have the large gap between, you know, your deposit base and maybe alternative money market and U.S. Treasuries. I think that's where the benefit comes in.
All right. Fantastic. Thanks for your thoughts.
Thank you. As a reminder, if you would like to ask a question, please press star then one on your telephone keypad. We have had no further questions on the line. I'd like to hand it back to Brad for any closing remarks.
Very good. In closing, I would like to thank our board of directors and our senior management for their support and leadership. I want to thank all our associates. I continue to be so proud of the job being done by each member of our team. Each team member in his or her own way continues to do their part toward our common goal of guiding our customers to be independent. Finally, I would like to thank each of you for your interest in Independent Bank Corporation and for joining us on today's call. We wish all of you a great day.
Thank you all for joining. That does conclude today's call. Please have a lovely day, and you may now disconnect your lines.