Good morning, everyone, Welcome to the Kaltura Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2022 Earnings Call. All material contained in the webcast is the sole property and copyright of Kaltura, with all rights reserved. For opening remarks and introductions, I will now turn the call over to Erica Mannion at Sapphire Investor Relations. Please go ahead.
Thank you. Good morning. With me today from Kaltura are Ron Yekutiel, co-founder, chairman, and chief executive officer, and Yaron Garmazi, chief financial officer. Ron will begin with a summary of the results for the fourth quarter ended December 31, 2022, and the company's plans and expected trends for 2023. Yaron will provide details of the financial results for the fourth quarter and full year 2022, followed by the company's outlook for the first quarter and full year of 2023. We will open the call for questions. Please note that this call will include forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws, including but not limited to statements regarding Kaltura's expected future financial results and management's expectations and plans for the business.
These statements are neither promises nor guarantees and involve risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed here. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ from forward-looking statements can be found in the Risk Factors section of Kaltura's quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022, and other periodic SEC filings, including the annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31st, 2022, to be filed with the SEC. Any forward-looking statements made in this conference call, including responses to your questions, are based on current expectations as of today, and Kaltura assumes no obligation to update or revise them, whether as a result of new developments or otherwise, except as required by law. Please note, we will be discussing a non-GAAP financial measure, adjusted EBITDA, during this call.
For reconciliation of this non-GAAP financial measure to the most directly comparable GAAP metric, please refer to our earnings release, which is available on our website at www.investors.kaltura.com. Now I'd like to turn the call over to Ron.
Thank you, Erica. Thanks to everyone for joining us on the call this morning. Today, we reported total revenue for the fourth quarter of 2022 of $44.1 million, up 3% year-over-year, and subscription revenue of $39.6 million, also up 3% year-over-year. Adjusted EBITDA for the quarter was - $4.2 million. In our last two earnings calls, we made three important financial forecasts: an expected return to revenue growth in the fourth quarter of 2022, expected quarterly improvements in Adjusted EBITDA towards a single-digit dollar loss in 2023, and an expected significant improvement in cash flow with a forecasted single-digit aggregate cash flow from operation dollar loss during the second half of 2022.
Today, we announce that we have achieved these goals for 2022, and that we are once again reaffirming them for 2023. Regarding revenue in Q4 2022, we achieved record numbers for both subscription and total revenue, and the sequential quarter-over-quarter revenue growth rate for both revenues were at levels that we have not seen since H1 2021. It was also the first time since that same period that we grew our quarterly year-over-year subscription in total revenue growth rates. While revenues from professional services are expected to be volatile and to continue to decrease overall, we expect the quarterly year-over-year subscription revenue growth rates in 2023 to be higher than those that we posted in the last three quarters of 2022.
As for Adjusted EBITDA profitability, we achieved the lowest Adjusted EBITDA loss of the last five quarters, and despite a very turbulent year, have attained our original annual guidance for 2022. We continue to take proactive action to adjust our spending levels to achieve our return to profitable growth. To that end, in early January, we announced that due to the macroeconomic climate, we're downsizing 11% of our workforce. We are once again reaffirming today our goal to continuous quarterly improvements towards a single-digit Adjusted EBITDA dollar loss in 2023 and to breaking even during 2024. Lastly, regarding cash flows, we achieved during the second half of 2022 the single-digit cash flow from operations loss that we had forecasted.
We are also reaffirming today our intent to materially reducing our annual cash burn in 2023, with most of the losses expected in the first quarter of the year due to typical seasonality and the limited impact of our January cost reductions in this quarter. We expect to achieve cash flow from operations break even during 2024 with sufficient cash reserves. The company was Adjusted EBITDA and cash flow operations profitable in 2019 and in 2020, and we believe we will be there again soon. Moving on to a business update. In the fourth quarter, we closed new business across all of our segments. We see a continuation of the trends that shaped 2022 with employee and partner communication and training, customer engagement, internal and external-facing events, and student learning all continuing to transform to online video-centric experiences that Kaltura's products are designed to power.
Companies also increasingly value their ability to consolidate their currently fragmented video needs around Kaltura's single, flexible, tightly integrated, and engaging enterprise-grade platform. This enables them to avoid disjointed workflows and content silos, and to reduce technical and operational complexities and costs. On the media and telecom front, in the fourth quarter, we closed an upsell agreement with one of our largest telecom customers that uses Kaltura's Cloud TV platform to power its multinational TV service in Europe. Our annual revenue from this customer, based on forecasted usage, is expected to grow by over $2 million in 2023 as compared to 2022. This quarter, we also completed delivery of Cloud TV projects for two other large telecom customers. We'll start to recognize subscription revenues for these projects.
We continue to expand our business with one of the world's largest brokerage houses, who now also relies on Kaltura for their outbound marketing activities. We had strong success in pharma, with two of the top 10 largest pharmaceutical companies in the world, one a new customer choosing Kaltura to power its internal video use cases, and another, an existing Kaltura customer, to now also enable its internal and external events. We also continue to expand the use cases we power with our Events Platform in one of the largest global technology companies, who was an early adopter of our product. We continue to see growing demand for our events offering across many industries, including financial services, pharma, and tech, as mentioned, but also in healthcare, manufacturing, market research, and education.
While on the topic of events, last November, we hosted our second annual Virtually Live event, where over 5,000 event professionals, marketing leaders, and digital experience creators registered to hear leaders from Accenture, Lenovo, AWS, SAP, Salesforce, Oracle, Adobe, Microsoft, Google, Cisco, IBM, Airbnb, VMware, and many others. The event also allowed us to showcase our Events Platform to a wide array of potential buyers, generating more than 1,000 qualified leads that are now fueling our pipeline. On the product development front, this quarter we continued to evolve our Events Platform and our new webinars product. These products allow organizations of any industry and any skill to host a wide array of branded events, from simple webinars to multi-track, multi-day, fully branded online or hybrid events.
During the quarter, we invested in more advanced user authentication and management, in improving our user experience on mobile, in our new virtual meeting room and chat experiences, and in more advanced analytics. We also continued advancing our integration with third parties, including an updated integration with Webex App Hub that enables customers to easily port over a recording of Webex meetings automatically to our platform, as they're already able to do with Zoom and Teams recordings. Lastly, we rolled out the new version of our Player and Player Studio, which includes enhanced functionality and interface and additional third-party integrations. While our products are highly modular, they're continuously demanding less and less Kaltura services to launch and customize, and new releases like our webinars products are alr1eady offered fully self-serve.
To help us in our efforts to expand from high-touch sales to low-touch and self-serve powered product-led growth, in January, we also welcomed to our board of directors a new member, Eyal Manor. Mr. Manor is the Chief Product Officer at Twilio, where he is leading product and engineering for the company. Before that, he spent 14 years at Google, where he was a General Manager at Google Cloud. Prior to that, was Vice President of Engineering at YouTube, and before joining Google, he founded a voice and video SaaS streaming startup. We are fortunate to benefit from Mr. Manor's wealth of product and business experience. As we look forward into 2023, we're excited about our broadening product offering, our expansion downmarket, and our strong position as a provider of a horizontal platform that addresses multiple use cases in our market.
On the other hand, we're still seeing the impact of the macroeconomic climate on our customers and prospects through longer sales cycles and decreased budgets. We're also experiencing increased price pressures by our competitors. To assess future expected demand, we're closely monitoring leading indicators such as the number of RFP requests and number of meetings set by our SDR team. To that end, while the numbers went down in the second half of 2022, they started picking up again at the beginning of this year, where, for example, RFP submissions were higher than either of the last two years. While we hope this trend will continue, we're careful and pragmatic, as especially required in times like these. In summary, we wrapped up a tough year with a strong post-COVID currency exchange and recession-induced headwinds that dramatically slowed down our growth far below our historical growth rates.
The last quarter of the year showed a return to growth, we hope that this trend will continue this year. While we believe we have the right products and market positioning to support much faster growth, given the macro conditions and considering last year's outcome, we're thoughtful with our revenue guidance. Regardless of our top line growth, we remain fully committed to returning to profitability, that means meeting our single-digit Adjusted EBITDA forecast and reaching both Adjusted EBITDA and cash flow from operations profitability in 2024. We have attained our profitability forecast in the previous two years as a public company, despite market turmoil, we intend to attain them in the next two years as well. With that, I'll turn it over to Yaron, our CFO, to discuss our financial results in more detail. Yaron?
Thank you, Ron. Good morning, everyone. As I review our fourth quarter and full year fiscal results today, please note that I will be referring to a non-GAAP metric, Adjusted EBITDA. A reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP financials is included in today's earnings release, which is available on our website at www.investors.kaltura.com. One other note before I go through numbers. We had previously indicated that we intended to merge our EE&T and M&T segments together and report as a single segment starting in the fourth quarter of 2022. As you saw from our press release, we have decided not to change our segment presentation at this time. We will continue to report on two segments. Now to the numbers. Total revenue for the fourth quarter ended December 31st, 2022 was $44.1 million, up 3% year-over-year.
Subscription revenue was $39.6 million, up 3% year-over-year, while professional services revenue contributed $4.5 million, up 6% over year-over-year. The remaining performance obligation were $171.7 million, down 7% year-over-year, of which we expect to recognize 60% of the revenue over the next 12 months. Annual recurring revenue was $159.2 million, up 6% year-over-year. Our net dollar retention rate was 96% in the fourth quarter, the same as Q3 2022. Within our EE&T segment, total revenue for the fourth quarter was $30 million, down 3% year-over-year. Subscription revenue was $29 million, down 2% year-over-year, while professional services revenue contributed $1 million, down 19% year-over-year. Within our Media and Telecom segment, total revenue for the fourth quarter was $14.1 million, up 20% year-over-year.
Subscription revenue was $10.6 million, up 21% year-over-year, while professional services revenue contributed $3.5 million, up 16% year-over-year. On January 3rd, we executed a reorganization that led to a downsizing of 11% of our workforce. We expect an annualized saving of $16 million resulting from this action and incurred a pre-tax charges of approximately $1 million, primary severance and related costs, all of which were expensed in the first quarter of 2023. The goal of the plan was to align our spend with the current market condition to allow us to continue our path to profitability. GAAP gross profit in the quarter was $27.6 million, representing a gross margin of 63%, the same as Q4 2021.
Within our EE&T segment, gross profit for the fourth quarter was $21.1 million, representing a gross margin of 70%, down from 71% gross margin in Q4 2021. Within our M&T segment, gross profit for the fourth quarter was $6.5 million, representing a gross margin of 46%, up from 39% gross margin in Q4 2021. GAAP net loss in the quarter was $14.8 million, or $0.11 per diluted share. Adjusted EBITDA for the quarter was a - $4.2 million, improving from a - $7.7 million in Q4 2021. Now for our full fiscal year result. Total revenue for the year ended December 31st, 2022 was $168.8 million, up 2% year-over-year.
Subscription revenue was $152.5 million, up 5% year-over-year, while professional services revenue contributed $16.3 million, down 19% year-over-year. Within our EE&T segment, total revenue for 2022 was $120.2 million, up 1% year-over-year. Subscription revenue was $113.6 million, up 4% year-over-year, while professional services revenue contributed $6.6 million, down 34% year-over-year. Within our M&T segment, total revenue for 2022 was $48.6 million, up 6% over year. Subscription revenue was $38.9 million, up 8% year-over-year, while professional services revenue contributed $9.7 million, down 3% year-over-year. Net dollar retention rate was 100% in 2022 and was 118% in 2021.
GAAP gross profit in 2022 was $106.9 million, representing a gross margin of 63%, up from a 62% margin in 2021. Subscription gross margin was 74%, up from 72% in 2021. Within our EE&T segment, gross profit in 2022 was $83.8 million, representing a gross margin of 70%, down from 71% gross margin in 2021. Subscription gross margin was 78%, the same as 2021. Within our M&T segment, gross profit in 2022 was $23.1 million, representing a gross margin of 48%, up from 40% gross margin in 2021. Subscription gross margin was 63%, up from 56% in 2021. GAAP net loss in 2022 was $68.5 million or $0.53 per diluted share.
Adjusted EBITDA in 2022 was a - $28.3 million, decreasing from a - $12.2 million in 2021. Turning to the balance sheet and cash flow. We ended the quarter with $86 million in cash and marketable securities. Net cash used in operating activity was a - $5.8 million in the quarter compared to a - $10.7 million net cash using operating activities in Q4 2021, and compared to a - $22.5 million and + $1.1 million in Q2 2022 and Q3 2022 respectively. For the full year, net cash using operating activities was a - $46.8 million compared to a - $22.1 million net cash using operating activities in 2021.
I would now like to turn to our outlook for the first quarter of 2023 and the fiscal year ending December 31st, 2023. In the first quarter, we expect subscription revenue to grow by 5%-7% to between $38.9 million and $39.6 million, and the total revenue to increase by 1.5%-3.5% to between $42.3 million and $43.2 million. We expect a negative Adjusted EBITDA to be between $3 million and $4 million.
For the full year, we expect subscription revenue to grow by 4%-6% to between $158.6 million and $161.7 million. The total revenue to grow by 0%-2% to between $168.8 million and $172.2 million. We expect for the full year a negative Adjusted EBITDA to be between $5 million and $8 million. In summary, in light of the macro condition, we closed a much slower growing year than usual, but have returned to growth in the last quarter and hope that this trend will continue, though we are thoughtful of our guidance.
While revenue from professional services are expected to continue to decrease, we expect that the year-over-year subscription revenue growth in 2023 to be higher than those that we posted in the last three quarters of 2022. Above all, notwithstanding the top line growth, we are firmly committed to returning to profitability, and that means meeting this year's single-digit Adjusted EBITDA loss forecast and materially reducing our annual cash burn in 2023, with most of the losses in the first quarter of the year. We expect to achieve a cash flow from operation break-even during 2024 with sufficient cash reserves. With that, we will open the call for questions. Operator?
Thank you. We will now be conducting a question and answer session. If you would like to ask a question, please press star one on your telephone keypad. A confirmation tone will indicate that your line is in the question queue. You may press star two if you would like to remove your question from the queue. For participants using speaker equipment, it may be necessary to pick up your handset before pressing the star keys. One moment please while we pull for questions. Our first question comes from George Iwanyc with Oppenheimer. Please proceed with your question.
Thank you for taking my questions. Ron, maybe starting with the macro environment, can you give us a bit more color on what you're seeing both from a new customer activity perspective in guidance as well as your assumptions on NDR?
Sure, George. Thanks for the question and good day to everybody. First and so far as the trends that we've seen last quarter that are affecting us, bookings in Q4 was a little lower than Q3. It's similar to last Q4. From a split perspective, it was like always, mostly Enterprise and EDU then M&T, mainly upsells compared to new logos. From a geo-split as usual, ENT was majority from North America, then EMEA, then APAC. Channel business was a bit higher than usual, but still within that kind of a low double-digit area. Percent of services continue to go down a bit, but it's still in the high teens for ENT. It's over 50% for M&T, but the general trend is continued to go down.
From a tailwind perspective, and things that we've continued to be supported by, you know, the classic usual reason to buy Kaltura, transformation of customer engagement, employee training, reskilling, student learning, video-based experiences. They've become a permanent reality now. Even if there's other stuff around post-COVID that has attenuated, this is something that people still want. There's still a continued shift to work streams online, but also this year it's a way to save money and we see a lot of folks that are talking to us about reducing travel costs and find our offering to be relevant for them. To that end, customers are also looking to improve budget efficiency and consolidate vendors to spend less and also be more efficient.
Kaltura is very unique in our ability to support both content management and events of all sizes, and that enables a consolidation. You know, if we talk about events, it's become a bigger part of our bookings. Now it's about 30%+ of our overall booking, which has grown over the years. It's coming into many new verticals. Initially, we're mainly in tech, as you know, and now it's been extended more into areas like banking and business services and market research and pharma and EDU and retail. If we speak about financial services, that's continuing to be a very strong market for us. We've recently discussed how we've launched solutions for wealth management in one of the major banks. In EDU, we're adding our video platform, and we're increasing our work with K-12.
In Europe particularly, we're seeing growth from consortiums. In M&T, we continue to see growth in our existing base of pay TV customers that's driven by both subscriber and price increases actually that were managed to have put, and we've also launched a bunch of new projects. That's some of the good stuff that's happening. Part two, some of the macro headwinds. We are seeing customers holding back on their spending, being a bit more risk averse and taking more in evaluation time. From a budgetary constraint perspective, it's affecting demand. A lot of our competitors are dropping prices, and they're trying to keep on their customers because we are generally positioned as a better product. To avoid people from switching, they're trying to reduce costs.
We spoke about the number of qualified leads and RFPs last time. They started bumping back up. The beginning of the year showed an improvement. If you look at Q4, it was still lower than earlier in the year. In general, the second half of last year had a decrease in the SDRs meeting set of about 30% compared to the first half of the year. That rebounded in January and now beginning of February. It's hard to tell how it's gonna go this year. We're monitoring it closely. Insofar as organic usage and enterprise and education, it slowed down a bit. In M&T, there's not a lot of new deals. It's still taking time. Kind of a balanced situation between headwinds and tailwinds.
Insofar as how that's affecting NDR per your question, I mean, we've seen a flat NDR this year, this quarter compared to the previous quarter. We remain in the belief that NDR will start picking up at the beginning of the year. It's still early for us to say how high it would go. In general, we're cautious about any further looking forecasts into 2023. We do believe it will be better than the current situation in Q4. Yaron, do you wanna add to that?
Yeah. One important comment to add on the NDR. As Ron mentioned, it was flat compared to Q3. We see a situation that is starting to ramp up going into Q1. The most important point is that gross churn numbers were very low to this quarter, and actually the lowest number we saw since Q3 2021. We are still optimistic that it's starting to turn around, but obviously we need to be cautious looking into this year.
Yeah. As it pertains to gross retention and churn, which has always been a good number, and we've always highlighted the fact that unlike some of the other video vendors that have sold to the SMB arena, we were more large enterprise. Also due to the virtue of the tight integrations that we offer, we're a stickier offering, that has always been the case with Kaltura year-over-year, and we continue to maintain very strong retention rates on a gross retention rate basis.
Maybe just following up on the pipeline. With the number of customers engaging with the platform going up a bit, are you seeing your conversion rate stay relatively stable and, you know, pulling the new customer activity a bit up?
Yep. Win rates have not come down. Conversion rates have not come down. You know, we're seeing on M&T from a, you know, additional pipeline that's looking forward, additional deals that are coming up. From an ENT perspective, we have one of the largest aerospace and defense conglomerates in advanced discussion with us. We have a large European bank. We have a large Indian IT service. We have several of the largest software companies in the world that are talking about projects in Q1. We have universities around the world. It's still very active. Like I said, it doesn't seem like the best of years given everything else I've said. It's definitely an active market out there for buying Kaltura.
Thank you.
Our next question comes from Gabriela Borges with Goldman Sachs. Please proceed with your question.
This is Jake on for Gabriela. Thanks for taking our question. I guess based on the actions that you guys took in January, why not pull forward the profitability and break-even goals rather than just reiterate what you've said over the last couple of quarters?
Yeah, Yaron, go ahead.
Yeah. Obviously we took this action early this year. Some of it we'll see the impact going into, mostly into the second part of the year. You also saw the numbers that we delivered for this quarter, which were better than the guidance in terms of profitability. Also, by the way, in terms of cash flow. We will work out to expedite, and we believe that the results will be good, the most of the impact we'll see in the second half of the year. In terms of the cash flow, Q1 was always seasonality a lower quarter. As we mentioned in our script, we believe that this trend will turn around completely in the next three quarters of the year.
I wanna stress again the difference between the annual results and the quarterly results. Q1 is a significant loss for the full year compared to the total numbers that we're expecting for this year. I think by the time we get to the second, third, fourth quarter, the business is gonna look pretty solid. Once again, we're very thoughtful about numbers for the year. You know, we've looked at last year. Obviously we've hit our even original Adjusted EBITDA numbers, so that we're managed to have done. There were quite a lot of surprises last year. We wanna enter this one with the right set of expectations. Then hopefully be able to overdeliver and not overpromise.
That's helpful. Then for my follow-up, Ron, I guess a longer term question here. You know, you've obviously mentioned momentum with the self-serve offerings. Just curious to get, you know, an update. Since those features are now fully launched, what are the next product cycles that customers are asking for and that investors should be paying attention to?
Yep. As you recall, last quarter, we did announce the addition of our webinars product, which is a full self-serve product. It's added to the whole low touch move, our Events Platform, I mentioned already sales and pipeline is picking up and is becoming a big percentage of our offering. While that one specifically is not a full self-serve, but a low touch call itself operated that does not require event services, it is part of the general direction that we're going through. As far as webinars, which it was just the very first launch, and we've started closing initial deals and optimizing it. It's offering a single session event as opposed to the multi-track events of our EP, and it's gonna continue to improve in the quarters ahead.
We expect it to start moving the needle this year, but to be gradually, so it's upside from our own internal forecasting perspective, not because we don't believe in it. It's just a new product and a new entry into the market. To be clear, the focus there is not SMBs, rather SMEs in which we go into the medium-sized enterprises, departmental sales, easier selling into the larger companies with a product-led growth approach, which we'd like people to start playing with our products prior to having advanced discussions with us. This last quarter, we added a bunch of feature sets, which we had noted in our script, new player and capabilities, new integrations like Webex and specifically into webinars and events, of our overflow room, mobile activity, additional authentication and user management.
We're going strong on that. I think it's fair to say that if you don't look at it on a quarter-by-quarter basis, but a year-over-year basis, that will become a significant driver of growth for Kaltura in the next three years.
The important point, as Ron mentioned, we try to be very conservative in the way that we are focusing it in our guidance for this year.
Our next question comes from DJ Hynes with Canaccord. Please proceed with your question.
Hey, good morning, guys. Ron, with the Events Platform, where are you seeing traction? Are these first time events tech buyers, or are they swapping out incumbent technology? And I guess if it's the latter, like what's most often being replaced and what's the reason?
Yeah, thanks, DJ. We have both. We've started off re-reminder with the very large flagship events with a lot of services at the time of COVID that were this immediate need for a very large event, historically physical events that had turned virtual. Very quickly we started developing our Events Platform, which is supportive of many intermediate and small size events that could be used by many, many people in the corporation for their digital gatherings. That EP product, Events Platform product that does not require event services, is self-operated and gradually becoming more and more self-serve, was launched in the second half of last year. As it pertains to the folks that are using it, I'd say that it's about 50/50 between swap and first time.
A lot of folks are now understanding that they'd like to have these type of activities online, whether it is for learning or whether it is for marketing. We do support both in a single platform, internal and external use cases within organizations. That's part of the benefit that people could take one platform and address both, by the way, connect it to their content management. Others that are swapping it, are swapping it either with earlier webinar products or earlier event products. Usually, the biggest value that they find in Kaltura is the strength of the experience layer that we offer, the interactivity, the branding that could be offered by the organization.
It's kind of a Netflix grade experience, if you may, instead of the rather clunky initial products that did not really feel that you could interact and have a personalized experience and have a very high quality experience when you have these gatherings together. The intuitiveness and the degree of engagement that we offer is extremely significant. Part of what we're catching up and adding more and more capabilities are more at the back-end element of these events around the content management and registration elements and things around payments and stuff like that we're adding more and more capabilities as we advance. It's kind of the back-end elements, not the front end. The front end are a very, very strong differentiator for the company.
Yep. Yep. That's super helpful color. As a follow-up, Yaron for you, how should we be thinking about gross margins in 23? I mean, it seems like at this point, most of your growth is coming from the lower margin M&T segment. Just curious how that impacts your view of 23.
Yeah. I would say that at this point, we should probably see the same level of margins from 2023, if we want to be a little bit cautious. You are right that most of the improvement is coming from the M&T, and we believe that it will continue this way. Going into the second part of the year and definitely to 2024, also because of some of the cuts that we did or the downsizing, we believe that we'll see continued improvement. To make a long story short, probably you should stay at the same level that we have right now, but we believe that it will continue to pick up to the high sixties going into next year.
Okay. Sounds good.
One more thing that I want to highlight, just there in the answer is that the subscription growth rates for next year are going to be probably similar for both businesses. You're not going to expect a significant pull up from the top line growth between M&T and E&T. Probably also the professional services reduction on a year-over-year basis will be equal for both. When you add both of these, it's probable that EE&T will because it has less professional services, will end up growing faster than M&T in the way we're looking at it right now. The fact that this quarter there was a bit of a pull-up by M&T does not mean that our expectation into 2023 means that the bigger pull will come from M&T.
On a top-line basis, the piece of the business that will grow on a year-over-year basis probably faster is the piece that has a higher blended gross margin, which would be contributing to a better overall gross margin. It doesn't take away from the comment that Yaron had said, which is that on a per division basis, kind of an M&T versus ENT, the per unit improvements have been and will continue to be more so on the media side. We could expect to have better unit economic improvements as that gross margin continues to pull up. We've showed that over the last two years that it's been improving and improving. All in all, we're optimistic about continued growth in gross margin.
As said, and that's kind of is the general direction for this year, we're being thoughtful, and we don't wanna set the bar too high. You know, even if we assume it's a similar gross margin, that's okay, but we hope that we will continue to pick up.
Yep. Yep. Very clear. Thank you, guys.
Thank you.
Our next question comes from Michael Turrin with Wells Fargo. Please proceed with your question.
Hey, guys. This is Austin Williams on for Michael Turrin. Thanks for taking our question. I wanted to touch on the recent restructuring and just how that's progressing and any impact that you'd call out as it relates to sales productivity or efficiency, as well as sales coverage.
Austin, right? It just wasn't clear.
Correct.
Yeah, Austin for Mike. Thanks for the question. Yeah, we did go through another restructuring round at the beginning of the year. As noted, everybody was 11% of our headcount at about $16 million of savings. You know, as always, you know, these things are prepared a bit earlier, we're looking at things towards the end of the year. We were hit, like most companies, by a couple of waves. The first wave was the post-COVID wave. You know, many folks were considering whether the year is gonna be better than a 2019 or worse than a 2019. When the post-COVID kind of wave hit, people are looking more like a pre-COVID behavior. I think the second wave that hit everybody is the question of, oh my god, is this a recession looming?
If so, is the 2019 comparison not the right comparison? Should we be looking at a 2008 or 2000 world, which had caused a lot of companies to have recalculated the direction just like we did towards the latter part of the year, and we've reduced it. I'd say that, you know, we took people off from various areas of the company. Part of what played well for us in so far as our ability to cut is that, you know, we have achieved kind of a quantum leap, this electron jump around things that we had developed over the past three years around events and move into RTC, real-time conferencing. That by the time we ended 2022, we could have reduced some of the efforts there without impacting the products because they were already launched.
They're already out there, and obviously, we wanna continue to develop fast. If we need to slow down a bit, it doesn't take away the fact that we've already landed, and we're now in this new market, and we could afford to spend a bit less around engineering. Then from a go-to-market perspective, we've increased materially the amount of people in recent years. You know, notably in 2021, we grew the number of RAM salespeople by about 40%, and in the last year by about 7%. Now we cut back by about 13%. If you run all that math, basically means that we're not far from 2021 numbers, and it's still about 30% more RAM salespeople than 2020. We have enough people, gunpowder, to address the growth that we're expecting.
Is it there to support a 30%, 40%, 50%? Of course not. For where the business is currently growing and where the world is right now and the degree of demand that's out there, I think we're in a good place, and we're seeing the people well utilized. Morale is high. We've not seen any voluntary departure that's significant. In fact, it's lesser than earlier periods. I can say that people in the company feel very good about what we've done and the fact that we're taking good care of the company. People inside and outside of the company are well aware that we were profitable in 2019 and 2020, when the number one question at the time was, "Why are you profitable?
Why aren't you growing faster?" We said, "Sue us for believing a business needs to be profitable before it comes into a new cycle of investment." We're still there. We're trying to manage things in a careful way. We have the right amount of salespeople to address current demand, and we feel we're well balanced.
Yeah, that's helpful. I just sort of wanna follow up on your approach towards guidance. I mean, it looks like there's a pretty significant reduction in professional services revenue this year. Just your conservatism that you're embedding in the guide, I guess for your outlook, does that include any improvement or deterioration in the macro, or does that assume that market conditions stay about the same?
It assumes they're gonna stay about the same. It's definitely a thoughtful number that we had put out there for the professional services. There's nothing that's 100% showing us for a fact that this will be the degree of reduction, and it is continuing to go down, but we're gonna need to wait and see. No, there's no optimism baked into that, but there's also no fundamental belief that something catastrophic will happen. We're just saying we're looking at last year. We're seeing how so many people have spent less on professional services, and we've made this shift towards recurring, and we'd like to set the bar lower so that we're not running after every dollar out there, rather looking into building a healthy business that's a SaaS business.
We're mainly keeping our eyes on the subscription recurring revenue of the business, which is the sticky part. Now, obviously, the fact that we can customize and enable companies to tightly integrate our offering into their workflows is a huge plus. One shouldn't mistake the fact that we are reducing the revenue from professional services to the fact that our customers could actually integrate, customize, and do a lot of things. They just don't necessarily need to pay us to do so. It's still a very big differentiator and one that keeps our gross retention numbers high, as I said earlier, but we are reducing the expectation of how much money we're gonna recoup and hopefully surprise for the better.
Got it. Thank you.
Thank you.
Our next question comes from Michael Funk with Bank of America. Please proceed with your question.
Yeah. Thank you for the question this morning. First, during the prepared remarks, you mentioned increased pricing pressure in the market. Wondering if you could quantify that for me, whether it's, you know, 5%, 10% pricing pressure. Then, you know, second part to that question, are you seeing existing customers ask you for a reduction in pricing, and are you offering that to maintain the very strong GRR?
Yeah. Yeah. Thanks for the question, Michael. From the quantification, it's obviously hard because we're not in a business of, you know, 100s or 1,000s of small, medium customers. We're in the larger business. As such, there's not 1 trillion deals on any given point that are being discussed. You know, the vast majority are not necessarily getting into this kind of classic price pressure situation. Yet, in certain bids, in certain situation, we do see that. In the places we do, it could find itself going, you know, to that 10, maybe + 15% reduction. You know, the 5% is something that could always happen. That's not even an example of anything macro happening. We are seeing things that are happening that are north of 10 sometimes on a competitive nature.
So far as how do we react to it, again, generally, we're seen as the premium product in the market, and people appreciate the additional value. Mostly in the past and in the present as well, we win deals, though we are more expensive because we have greater value to offer. What quite often happens when people are in that situation, that they're seeing lesser prices by competitors, is that we're able to recoup that with additional value and not necessarily with lower cost or lower price. That, you know, we have quite a lot of products. As you know the stat, that most of our customers use 3+ products from Kaltura.
We've launched new ones, and then we could come and say, "Look, it's more for the same or more for a bit more as opposed to the same for less." We're able to provide additional value. Again, it's a case by case. It's not everywhere. Do we have existing customers that have re-requested certain reductions? Here and there. It's not something that's happening everywhere, not at all. There are cases of this, and we are, as I mentioned earlier, discussing with them, you know, should that be recouped by way of value or should that be by way of reduction? If so, you know, what type of service should we reduce accordingly, so that it doesn't impact our margins, and it's a fair situation.
In some cases, we're able to find whether they need something less of something in order to pay less of. That's not the majority. Again, you can look at the gross retention numbers. The numbers that Yaron had shared earlier, and we had the lowest gross churn number on a quarterly basis for five quarters over the last quarter. These numbers are inclusive of any form of lost recurring revenue, whether it is through full churn or any form of reduced number. If we're at a lowest churn that we've had for five quarters, that's an answer that we haven't had any material reduction that goes across our customer base.
Also, Michael, as we mentioned before, when we look on the trends around the NDR, first of all, last quarter, we say that maybe it will go down by one or two points. It stabilized on the same number right now. As we mentioned, we see the trend turn around, and we believe that it will start to pick up starting Q1 2023.
Yeah. That'd be a nice trend and, you know, certainly better than expected in 4Q. You know, same line of thinking and on your comment about premium product, how should we think about required investment in R&D to, you know, to maintain that differentiation or premium product status, you know, percentage of revenue? What's the right level of R&D to maintain that positioning?
It's a good question. I mean, as I mentioned, we have made this kind of a quantum leap that have brought us to where we are now. At this point, we feel that we don't need to increase our R&D spend in order to achieve the growth numbers that we're planning and then some. We have more than enough to be able to plow forward and to be able to deliver on much greater growth. Are we in a position now to continue to further cut back on R&D and reduce the numbers? That's not our plan. We don't think we need to. Definitely, the numbers suggest that to arrive at profitability, we don't need to. We definitely believe that growth numbers will come back. You know, we are now at historical lows for growth numbers compared to what this company had always done pre-COVID.
We believe that when the macro shifts, the company could grow faster. Could the percentages continue to come down materially? The answer is yes. You know, in the last three years, we've made a very audacious jump from the world of content management into the world of events in real time. It was, as I mentioned in the past, a 7-level jump, starting with a new set of technology with real-time, moving into a new set of products with events, webinars, and virtual classroom, moving into a new set of buyers to the CMOs and use cases with marketing, a new form of selling with more low touch and self-serve, and even more so sales through channels because of that.
That's a lot of change. We have gradually moved across the entire company to have accommodated for that and have done well by way of winning new accounts, big names, and delivering well, getting good NPS scores and a lot of support, re-maintaining low churn. We're going in the right direction. Once that change had happened, kind of we swallow this big piece of steak. Now we're kind of Gradually advancing, we are requiring on a percentage basis far, far less than we did before.
Okay. Thank you for all the questions and all the color.
No, thank you.
Our next question comes from Ryan Koontz with Needham & Company. Please proceed with your question.
Thanks for the question. I wanted to circle back to the transition to self-service you've been talking about maybe in the earlier question. Maybe I want to ask it a little different way, if I could. Extremely understand the drivers there around you're driving down customer costs and reducing friction on the onboarding. Where do you feel like the product set is today in terms of where you want it to be, number 1? number 2, you know, how are you seeing the business trends on the self-service side, evident in your bookings more recently? Thanks.
Yeah. Thanks, Ryan. It's early days, right? We've set that expectation from the beginning that when you're coming into so many new things from a revenue perspective, everything that was expected to come in is complete upside. From a usage, you know, we started operating this machine, putting it out there, starting to work with the first customers to make sure that they get what they want. We're getting great feedback. There's a lot of excitement around the product. I don't know if you've tried it yourself, but we highly recommend it. You know, our view is that over the next few quarters, it's gonna turn from initial adoption into logo count and then later into significant revenue. Right now we've also adjusted our cost basis from a go-to-market to be very limited.
We have not put significant spend on marketing nor significant spend on resources around inside sales or commercial sales to be able to work around this funnel. From our point of view, we wanna make sure from a product market fit and the initial users that this is working exactly like we should. There's a few set of feature sets that we still plan on adding integrations into additional CRMs, stuff of that nature over the course of the next couple of quarters. No, this isn't yet something that we could come back and say, "Let's give you another math around revenue growth and how it's catapulted forward by self-serve." I'd say that again, throughout 2023 it'll start picking up, and it'll definitely be a major contributor to 2024 and beyond on the growth side.
That's great, Ron. Thanks so much. That's all I've got.
No, thank you.
As a reminder, if you would like to ask a question, please press star one on your telephone keypad. Our next question comes from Thomas Blakey with KeyBanc Capital Markets. Please proceed with your question.
Thanks, guys. It's Thomas Blakey with KeyBanc. You know, my question or a couple of questions here is first and foremost about this guidance. I think a lot of my peers have dug in here, but just maybe trying to ask it a different way in terms of visibility, Ron, if I may. You know, trying to reconcile, you know, the moving pieces, right? I think we're all on the call hearing about the, you know, the good ARR number this quarter, but then, like, the second half seems to have slowed down in terms of RFPs and some cautious guidance there. I just wanna maybe just circle back on the visibility of the 23 guide, especially even in your last two answers ago, you seem pretty confident about it. I have a follow-up for you, Ron.
Yeah. Again, it's a balance. What you're looking at is on one hand, a set of things that are working well for us, new set of products, the beginning of growth in Q4. On the other hand, we're all aware of the market we're in. It's not a strong market. We're not seeing a huge pull from customers that's way more than a typical year. It's less than a typical year insofar as the length of the sales cycles and insofar as the amount of meetings that are set, they're now improving, but it is still a lower budget year for many, many companies. We're coming at it in a cautious way, in a conservative way, in a thoughtful way.
As we look into the year, we have strong visibility as expected into Q1, and you may see that the numbers there versus earlier expectations are trending well. As we look into the rest of the year, albeit that we're expecting for the growth rates on a year-over-year basis on recurring to be higher than the last few quarters, as we've noted, we're not baking it into the current guidance a significant pull up. We are trying to be cautious because we just don't know what's behind the curtain in Q2, Q3, and Q4. It's early. The cycles are not cycles that will give us enough visibility into much later in the year. We're just taking one day at a time.
Okay
... we're laying a very clear foundation for the first quarter based on what we know, and we're laying a cautious middle of the road, you know, good and bad view into what could happen later from my point of view. Yaron, go ahead.
Yeah. One thing that is important, obviously, last quarter, we said that in Q4, we'll see a very nice pick up on a sequential basis, and we deliver it even better than what we said. As Ron mentioned, we do have a very strong visibility into Q1, and therefore we guided this way for Q1. Going into the second part of the year based on everything that's happening around us, we are trying at this point to be very careful and to do it a quarter by quarter.
That's very helpful. Then, Yaron, maybe just continuing on with you about the break even guidance into 2024 and the single-digit numbers that you guided to in terms of bottom lines in 2023. Talking to a lot of different companies through this period of, you know, kind of post-pandemic cuts and slowdowns and macro pressures, you guys are facing a lot here. At the same time, you're, you know, Ron's talking about new products and new channels, et cetera. My direct question is, you know, how confident are you that you can hit these targets in, like, a no-growth scenario?
We are confident. Even the numbers that we deliver for Q4, as you can see, it's better than what we guided before. I think we have a very good control on it, and we are doing it in a very thoughtful way. I believe that the actions that have been taken this year and late last year, and the way that we manage our budget right now, we feel that in terms of profitability/Adjusted EBITDA and cash flow, we have a very good visibility and control on the numbers, and we will need the numbers even in a scenario that it will go a little bit even softer, which we do not expect at this point. The short answer is, I feel very comfortable with the bottom and the cash flow numbers.
Hopefully, we'll be able to overachieve even.
Tom, I made the point in the script that, you know, for the last couple of years as a public company, but that's been the case also as a private company, we've hit the numbers at the bottom line. Notwithstanding surprises on the top line, and we all know last year was not a good year for us, for the industry, for the world. We're able to move around and do what's needed to be done. You know, we're not necessarily going for the most populist resolution.
Last year, we didn't slash everything away at the beginning of the year because back into that 7-degrees change that we did, we'd be cutting ourselves short after a multi-year effort if we didn't stick the landing and complete the type of products that we wanted to enter into this new market that ushers a lot more growth options for us. We made sure we completed that and then unwinded what we needed to have unwinded. I think that was the smart, wise, cautious thing to have done. Now we're entering this phase with additional assets in our hand, and we're able to have reduced our costs and still maintain the right amount of cash and to be able to balance the company back. That's what we're looking at.
We feel very confident in our ability to manage cash and to be able to address and deliver on bottom line, and at the same time, to have a true option to continue to grow this company, or in short, come back to profitable growth, which is what we promised.
Yeah. Good adjustments here, and look forward to 23. Good luck, guys. Thank you for the question and answer.
Thank you, Tom. Appreciate it.
There are no further questions at this time. I would now like to turn the floor back over to Ron for closing comments.
Yeah. I'd like to thank you all for your continued support and great questions. With wishing all of us a very healthy 2023. It's been an interesting year for the world in 2022. We at Kaltura are a company that really believes in openness, flexibility, and collaboration, are great promoters of pluralism, and we're hoping this year would be a pluralistic year for the world at large and a successful one for industry and specifically for Kaltura. Thank you so much for your time today. Have a beautiful day.
This concludes today's teleconference. You may disconnect your lines at this time. Thank you for your participation.