Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to the Praxair First Quarter 2018 Earnings Conference Call. At this time, all participants are in a listen only mode. Later, we will conduct a question and answer session and instructions will follow at that time. As a reminder, this conference call is being recorded.
I would
now like to turn the conference over to your host, Mr. Juan Paez, Director of Investor Relations. Sir, you may begin.
Thanks, Bridget. Good morning, and thank you for attending our first quarter earnings call and webcast. I am joined this morning by Matt White, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer and Kelsey Hoyt, Vice President And Controller. Today's presentation materials are available on our website at praxair.com in the Investors section. Please read the forward looking statement disclosure on page 2 of the slides and note that it applies to all statements made during this teleconference.
In addition, please note that year over year and sequential comparisons exclude transaction costs and other charges largely related to the potential merger with Linde. The reconciliations to the U. S. GAAP reporting numbers are in the appendix of this presentation and the press release. Matt and I will now review Praxair's first quarter results, including the current business environment and provide our earnings guidance for the second quarter.
Will then be available to answer questions. Let me turn the call over to Matt.
Thanks Juan, and good morning, everyone. First quarter results were quite strong with 10% sales and 20% EPS growth compared to prior year. Volume and price improvements were obtained across every segment and end market, which supported an operating margin expansion of 100 and 40 basis points. A little under half of the volume growth came from In fact, 1 third or $500,000,000 started up in the first quarter this year. Yet we held the backlog constant at one $500,000,000 with new customer contract wins.
So while the backlog may be steady, it is from continual turnover of new project wins replacing those that are removed due to starting up. Which clearly helps grow our earnings We continue to make good progress on the merger with Linda. I'll speak to that more on an upcoming slide, but first, I'd like to provide a brief update of global business trends, which you can find on slide 4. North America is our 2nd fastest growing region, supported by the industrial recovery from new investments starting up in the U. S.
Gulf Coast and manufacturing as the U. S. Package business continues to grow high single digits. And higher volumes in the metals, electronics and resilient end markets of food, beverage, and healthcare more than offset There was modest recovery in the upstream energy business, especially in U. S.
And Mexico, from increased well completion activity. However, this growth was from a very low base as volumes are still significantly below peak level Overall pricing in the region has been improving along with inflation, enabling margin expansion over both prior year and the fourth quarter. Project bidding opportunity in the U. S. Gulf Coast remains healthy.
Despite the recent large startups, the current backlog has over $750,000,000 of U. S. Projects under construction. And were still confident in winning new projects over the next several quarters. South America continues to lag all other regions and now comprises only volume growth was slightly better than prior year, but 3% lower than the fourth quarter due to the seasonal effects of Carnivale and Easter holiday.
The primary driver of growth relates to on-site metals customers as their volumes ramped up to meet slightly higher demand. However, several of those customers are still below take or pay levels. Expansion from prior year. But frankly, South America will remain a challenging place until there is more clarity around the direction of Brazilian politics. Europe continues to be Volumes growth occurred across every major end market.
Although metals and manufacturing comprised half of the improvement with a pickup in industrial activity. Resilient markets also remain strong as we continue to identify new growth opportunities with the acquired CO2 business. There are a few signs of inflation returning to the economy, primarily in the form of higher power costs which are driving pass through up 2% versus prior year. These trends are enabling some pricing opportunities up 1% but more efforts are underway with sales up 21% and operating profit up 39% from 2017 first quarter. While foreign currency appreciation is driving about 7 India and Korea.
The 11% higher volumes are roughly split between project startups and organic growth. With project startups supporting energy and electronics end markets and the industrial recovery, supporting increases in chemicals, manufacturing and metals. The pricing improvement of 3% primarily relates to merchant gases in China. As structural supply challenges have eased with the closing of several liquefiers attached to Tier 2 and Tier 3 steel mills. And earlier this week, we announced Praxair's single largest project win, where we will build own and operate high purity nitrogen plants for Samsung's newly constructed fab in PyeongTech South Korea.
In addition to this win, there are several other opportunities to support the And finally, in our PST business, aerospace continues to grow high single to low double digits while oil and gas is making a modest recovery. Our aviation business has been making significant investments towards capacity expansion serve the growing demand for aircraft engine coatings and we anticipate continued ramping of revenues for the next several quarters. So in summary, the synchronized industrial recovery coupled with timely startups of the project backlog have led to 5% volume growth higher price entertainment in certain regions. The combination of the volume and price contribution have expanded overall operating margins for the 4th consecutive quarter. This backdrop coupled with U.
S. Tax reform appears to be supporting more customer capital investments and thus opportunity to increase our project backlog above the current $1,500,000,000 level. Before Juan provides more details on the financial results, I'd like to offer a brief update on the merger with Linda, which you will find on slide 5. You may recall the start of this process, we defined 3 key phases required to complete the merger. The first two phases defining the structure and value creation with the execution of the BCA, and obtaining all necessary shareholder approvals through the Praxair vote and Linda tender have both been achieved.
As planned, we are now deep into the 3rd phase which includes obtaining appropriate regulatory approval and finalizing any relevant remedies associated timeline of actions underway and milestones required to close the merger by the BAF and mandated long stop date in October of this year. The joint team continues to have constructive dialogue with all regulators and is actively engaged with potential buyers of asset divestitures Overall, we feel quite good about However, as you can imagine, So I appreciate your understanding that we simply are not in a position or details of ongoing discussions with regulators or potential asset buyers. I fully expect that formal updates will occur at appropriate times when decisions become binding. But until then, I'd now like to hand it off to Juan to review the first quarter results.
Thanks, Matt. Please turn to slide 6 in our presentation for our consolidated results. Sales of just under $3,000,000,000 were 10% higher than last year and up 2% sequentially. The table in the upper right breaks down the drivers to the sales variance, and you can see that the volume is the largest contributor with 5% growth versus last year. When comparing to prior year, every major end market grew led by chemicals, electronics and metals.
From a segment perspective, Asian North America had the largest organic growth from a combination of continued recovery industrial markets, and project contribution. Globally, of our total volume, more than half came from the base business and the rest was driven by project start ups. Sequentially, volumes were flat as 1st quarter seasonally slower, primarily due to lunar new year and the timing of Easter. Furthermore, U. S.
Gulf Coast customers underwent significant turnarounds, which offset the volume growth in the rest of our North American businesses. In Europe, Volumes grew sequentially 1%, led by the manufacturing end market, more specifically in Spain and Germany. South America and Asia were seasonally weaker due to the holidays in the first quarter. Sequentially, end market trends were also consistent with expectations as the industrial growth seen globally was offset by the energy drop in the turnarounds. The price mix improvement of 2% was achieved from focused price actions across all our segments.
Primarily led by Asia and North America. As mentioned earlier, Asian merchant had the strongest price attainment led by China, where structural challenges have eased coupled with a growing economy. Currency translation was favorable 3%, primarily from strengthening of the euro, Canadian dollar, Chinese RMB and the Mexican peso. Operating profit of $672,000,000 was $99,000,000 or 17% better than last year. And $16,000,000 or 2 percent better than the 4th quarter.
Operating margins improved 140 basis points year over year. And 20 basis points sequentially, led by overall strong fundamentals in the base business, positive pricing, good volume growth and tightly managed cost. Operating cash flow was $688,000,000 $22,000,000 below prior year quarter. Mainly driven by foreign withholding tax payments of $65,000,000 in the first quarter. Capital expenditures were $325,000,000 and as a result, our free cash flow was $363,000,000 which we used primarily to pay dividends and reduce net debt by $86,000,000.
We fully expect an improvement next quarter's cash flow in line with prior trends. Project backlog closed the quarter at $1,500,000,000 after starting up 3 new projects in the for the electronics end market, which add up to $500,000,000. As we continue with this backlog cadence of wins and start ups, our incremental 3 Return on capital has steadily been rising for the past 4 quarters now reaching 13%. As we continue to grow earnings, execute our backlog and manage cash generation, we expect our return on capital improving throughout 2018. With that, now I'll turn the call back to Matt.
Please turn to slide 7. For the second quarter, EPS guidance range is $1.67 to $1.72, which represents 14% to 18% growth from last year. Year over year currency tailwind is anticipated to be lower than the first quarter as we begin to lap easier prior year comps. Especially in the euro, Canadian dollar and Mexican peso. The tax rate is still expected in the range of 23% to 25% and likely closer to the middle of that range consistent with the first quarter.
Excluding tax and currency, this guidance represents a double digit growth rate driven by an assumption of similar levels of demand continuing through June. To sum things up, we had a very good start to the year and are anticipating a continuation into the second quarter. The Praxair team has been able to capitalize on an industrial recovery through higher organic volume growth and securing new on-site contracts. In addition, the recent reflection effect in certain economies has presented pricing opportunities that have not been present for several years. The combination of these factors should enable continued growth with positive operating margin expansion.
I'd now like to turn the call
Our first question comes from the line of Duffy Fischer with Barclays. Your line is open.
Yes. Good morning, Fellas. You guys announced with Linde, 2 days ago that you would look to buy back potentially the 8% holdout that didn't tender. Can you just walk through the technical aspects of that, the timeline, kind of assuming a close date is X how that would play out? And then, can you do partial or do you have to do all 8% if you decide to do it?
Yeah, Duffy, I'm not going to get into a lot of details of the process. That will come out in due time, but I can say that it's a very structured process. That under Baffin. It's something that we will follow, per the regulatory requirements. And the lender team and the lender group will announce each step as a appropriate.
But at this point, there's nothing more I can add to that process.
Okay, fair enough. And then if you would go to China, the environmental stuff has been a good news story around them shutting down second tier steel, which brings some liquid off the market. Do you see that continuing or has the bulk of that already happened from what you can see and we're still anniversarying it, but there's not going to be other steps of improvement there?
I'd say it remains to be seen. Clearly, we've been seeing it happen over the last several quarters. I think when you look to China, as far as capacity, last numbers I saw, I think it was about $1,200,000,000, 1,200,000,000 tons a year of steel capacity. If you add it all up, Now not all of them were running. So clearly, the ones that are not running and have not been running won't have much of an impact.
But I would say the combination of the industrial sort of growth with these coming out is creating a pretty good dynamic there. And given the amount of steel capacity, I do think there's probably a few more innings for that to happen, but it just remains to be same. Great. Thank you guys.
Our next question is from Michael Sison with KeyBanc. Your line is open.
Hey guys, nice start to the year.
When you think about
the Linde merger, I know you can't talk about the process, but any updated thoughts on the value creation potential, particularly seem like demand overall is getting better and pricing is a little bit better. So if you think through that as you get into year 1, maybe just give us your thoughts there?
Well, I would just say, I mean, again, we won't get in a lot of details, but still have confidence on the value creation still have confidence in the ability to deliver on the stated synergies and cost efficiencies. But clearly, our industry as a whole is doing quite well. I think you're seeing good numbers across the board. I think Alinda reported yesterday was quite good. So I think the combination of us seeing a lot of return to growth collectively creates opportunities for all of us.
And I think that's good. And it would be great timing to come into a merger like this. In a nice upswing in the economy. So I think it's all pretty good from my perspective.
Great. And quick follow-up on Brazil. I'm just trying to get a tempo. Is it getting better or is it not getting better? And in terms of the industrial activity side, if what is what's the potential if, demand does improve over time?
I think that's the $1,000,000 question, Mike. When you look at the numbers that we have in our segment, it's slight improvement year over year. Obviously, sequential will be affected by the normal seasonal decline. So when you look year over year, a little bit of improvement, as I mentioned in the prepared remarks, we have seen steel volumes tick up, not a lot of benefit to us given most of those were under take or pay. Usually, in my experience, when you see the infrastructure like metals and things start to ramp up that tends to be a good sign of some form of an industrial recovery.
But that all being said, the uncertainty around the elections and it's not just obviously Brazil. You have the similar situation in Colombia. You've got some situations going on politically in Peru, but I think when you add it all together, Brazil has the biggest one. We just won't have a lot of good idea in terms of how the politics will be run, how businesses will be viewed until the election in October. And right now, frankly, we're not even sure of the candidates.
So when clarity comes around that. I think it could hopefully, you know, it'll have an effect on confidence one way or the other. But if it gives some confidence that there'll be a more, I'll say, business friendly approach I think you perspective, small improvements here and there. The resilient markets still continue to do well. And that was an area we've had a lot of focus.
But until then, we've been managing costs pretty tightly. We are getting some price and we've just got to work through these next quarters until there's more clarity.
Our next question is from the line of Jeff Zekauskas with JP Morgan. Your line is open.
Thanks very much. There's a 1,000,000,000 limit to, divestitures and the combination the industrial gas industry though is now growing quite nicely. Does that $3,700,000,000 number get affected by the growth in the industry or is it some kind of look back number?
Yeah, Jeff. I'll just state that our BCA is public. That was part of the S-four filing we did last year. And you'll find that that threshold is a set number. It's based on a certain exchange ratio, but it's a set number.
So it's not a moving number than we've fixed the exchange ratio.
If it turns out that Praxair the combination divested all of raxair's European operations and all of Linde's North American operations, exclusive of Linde Care and exclusive of the engineering business. Would that keep you under your threshold?
Yes, Jeff, as I stated in the prepared remarks, we're not going to discuss anything related to potential divestitures or regulatory at this time. Our team is actively working on this. With the appropriate parties and we're just not in a position to talk about this in a public way.
Our next question is from Vincent Andrews with Morgan Stanley. Your line is open.
Thanks and good morning guys. Wondering if we can dig in a bit more on the North American price mix being up 2%. Can you just give a sense of how much of that was driven by the merchant business versus the pure packaged gas business?
Yes. So we're seeing pretty much across the board, low to mid single digit pricing as you know, that 2% we show is only for, as you stated, the package and merchant, it's divided by the entire revenue. So it doesn't include on-site So the real pricing we're getting is a little better than that. And what we're seeing is pretty good pricing opportunity across the board. Primarily in U.
S. Although we are seeing some inflation in Canada and we're getting some of that back in pricing and Mexico, as you know, has the higher inflation of both regions. So we're tracking to that as well. So we're seeing pretty consistently low to mid single digit opportunities. As costs are going up, we're seeing power costs go up in certain regions.
We're seeing distribution costs going up in certain regions. So as the team goes out to recover that and get it in pricing and that's what we're able to see right now.
And then just in terms of the backlog, you kind of said a couple of things. One was that it stayed flat because projects are coming in or going out about the same size, but there's an opportunity for the backlog to go up. And I'm guessing I'm just wondering, can you speak to what you think the return profile of the backlog is both as we move through this year and you add new projects to it, do you think the opportunity is for returns to go up, stay flat or where do you think things are?
Well, as you could imagine, when we make decisions to add projects to the backlog, these are multi decade views. So we're not just looking at right now and what's going on right now because these are projects. If you do it right, that'll be with you for several decades. So from that perspective, I'd say the return profiles are still fairly consistent with how we've always viewed it and what our criteria is. And we will look at things like risk and reward and we continue to do that.
And we want to make the appropriate decisions on what we invest in. And from that perspective, I'd say there's not a lot of different things. But we are seeing more opportunities, and part of clearly as we stated is in the U. S. I think tax reform will help that a little bit.
And the rest of it primarily is in Asia. And these are continued opportunities in our pre backlog and we feel pretty good about it right now.
Thank you. And our next question is from Lawrence Alexander with Jefferies. Your line is open.
No, two quick ones. I know there's not much you can say about the, bathroom process, on the takeout of the stub. But guess one question that keeps coming up is the price setting mechanism, is that a court of a modulated mechanism, or is that a effectively similar to going into an equity market and trying to buy up the available shares, at market prices. With the volatility that goes to that. And then secondly, as your utilization rates are improving, are you finding any areas where you're mentioning costs are tripping on the upside and you're seeing a little bit more cost than you had expected for your maintenance budget.
Okay, Lawrence. I think I got the first question, but the second one, I may have to clarify because it kind of cut in and out a bit. But I will state this much on the squeeze out process. As I mentioned, it is a structured process. And my best understanding of how it works is that there will be a 3 month volume weighted average price based 3 months back from the time of the announcement.
And then there will be an independent what's called an IDWS 1 valuation. You may recall one was done on the consolidated merger at the time of the filing of the S4 and the tender offer. So both of those will be viewed as 2 different valuations and the higher of those 2 will be determined. It's quite structured And that is underway with the announcement, then the evaluation will be initiated to be done by an independent party. So this is all per the German requirements.
And there's really nothing as an organization that we would do different. We would follow the regulations as acquired. In your second question, I think, was something on utilizations, but I mixed the back. I missed the back end of it. Can you maybe repeat that, please?
Sure. Sure. So the other question was just as utilization rates pick up, are you seeing some of your assets or maybe some of your older units trip up. And therefore, your maintenance budget is moving higher than you would have expected. A couple of years ago?
No, I think we continue to maintain our plants as always regardless of the utilization rates. You've got to do the maintenance appropriately. Clearly, when plants run at higher utilization rates, there's a sweet spot, right, that you like to run them at. When you're bringing them up and down, that's when it gets more difficult, frankly, when you've got a thaw plants and re bring them to cryogenic. But right now, I'd say nothing different than what we normally experience.
And clearly, we continue to invest in our plants, as you can imagine, regardless of what the utilization rates are at.
Perfect. Thank you.
Our next question is from David Begleiter with Deutsche Your line is open.
Thank you. Good morning. Matt, very strong numbers in packaged gases in the U. S. Up 9% clearly above end market activity.
So what's driving that above market growth? Was it an easy comp or some other factors?
Yeah, David. As you may recall, our package was one of our laggards probably a year ago. So we're having a pretty nice recovery. And when I look across the end markets and our geographies in the U. S.
Of kind of Central North, the Southeast West, it really is broad based. I mean, we're seeing it across every single package end market. Most of them are double digit. Manufacturing is not quite double digit, which is clearly our largest. But we're seeing improvements in our cylinder gases dry ice.
We're seeing a lot of improvements in Tier 2 auto aerospace. Continues to be quite strong. So I would say it's across the board. And we are seeing some pickup in upstream oil a little bit as well. That's something coming off a low base, but that's also an area where we're seeing some improved growth.
So there's no one market I could point to right now. And when you look at the industrial production in the U. S, I think that's been boding well for a lot of these packaged end markets, you're just seeing it across the board. So we feel pretty good, especially the remainder year, in our package business. I think the numbers continue to be strong and, it's been a nice, it's been a nice run.
And as we've said in past when that business recovers, it recovers with some fairly good leverage. And that's what we've been experiencing. So we've been quite happy with that as well.
Very good. And Matt, just on FX, what could FX add to EPS in Q1 and what do you expect for Q2?
Yeah, David. So as you know, it's just translational for us. So the best rule of thumb is if you take what we show on the sales and just drop that down. So we had 3% in Q1 as we laid out in our sales walk And that's a pretty good proxy to use on EPS. When you get our cues by the segment analysis, you'll be able to see the OP effect within each segment on FX.
But for the most part, it follows the top line. Q2 And when we look at our FX, we lock in the forward rates at the beginning of the month. Clearly, rates have moved here over the last couple of weeks. So it's pretty volatile. But I would say we expect definitely something less than 3% for Q2, partly because Q2 of last year, the rates were stronger, the foreign rates vis a vis the dollar than they were Q1.
So the comps get tougher. But also, I'd say rates at least on a couple of week basis here have gotten a little weaker on the foreign. The combination of that too, we'll put it something below 3%. Could be 2% could be 1% based on where we're at now remains to be seen.
Thank you very much.
Our next question comes from the line of Stephen Byrne with Bank of in the
U. S.
Your gross margins were essentially offset by post to potential merger, would you see anything that has changed this dynamic, either the size of your hospital business or the size of Lincare or any changes in this industry that would change the potential synergy here?
Yeah. At this point, there's really nothing I could say to that. We're not in that business today as Praxair. So I don't know much about the dynamics and going on in that industry. So it's really, I think if you want to understand more about what's happening in the dynamics, you're probably best suited to ask Linda directly on that question.
Okay. And now where do you estimate your market share now in U. S. Packaged Gases business in is that attractive enough for you to consider either greenfield or M and A bolt ons?
Well, we continue to do M and A bolt ons in our package business. They're quite small, so you don't tend to see them at the consolidated level. But we're continuing to roll up opportunities for mostly family owned distribution businesses in the U. S. I'd say the opportunity set is lower now, partly with the recovery.
People have some different views of valuation So you're not seeing as many businesses be sold. But that's something we continue to do. And as you know, we sell gases and we sell hard goods. Clearly, the gases are better margins because we have the full producer economics, hardgoods, we play more of a distributor role. But the combined, margin are something you would expect of a distributor, a little better, frankly, given the gas that we have.
But it's a good business and it brings a lot of nice contribution for So when we find opportunistic acquisitions and ones that we can justify on synergies, we absolutely will continue to do them. But, right now, it's in a nice part of the growth in that business and we continue to invest in it.
Our next question comes from the line of Peter Clark with Societe Generale.
Yes. Thank you. Hi, everyone. Matt, there's a quick question on the backlog to begin with. I mean, obviously, you pointed at the Electronic Signatures and the Gulf Coast signatures beginning of the year.
The backlog obviously has seen the sort of electronics come in fifty-fifty now in North America, Asia. Just wondering clearly you're pointing at some of the Gulf Coast signatures coming. How you see that geographical split of that backlog as we get towards the tail end of the year? Because you also actually pointed at Mauration signatures potentially. And then specifically on the backlog and certainly an opportunity like Freeport now it's up and running that's a pretty new hub for you.
Just wondering, how you see the opportunities in that sort of area developing given you've had that since. And then the last question on the upstream manager, you pointed at it coming off the bottom. Now certainly some of the specialty gum players are indicating that their customers potentially might loosen on the cost consciousness they've had and might be spending a bit more money to get the oil and gas out or more of the oil and gas out. Just wondering if that's your feeling on fracking gases, if there's some momentum here that we can see during the year?
Okay, Peter. So I'll try to take them in order here. The first question on the backlog, the challenge, I think, of trying to project the split between, we'll call it, U. S. Chemicals and Refining North America versus Asian electronics is the project sizes are so lumpy, right?
So the timing of when the projects come in could skew that. We still see a lot of quite large projects in the U. S. Gulf Coast as new opportunities and they're both refining and petchem opportunities. With Asia, clearly to your point, we've added some large electronics.
There are others out there as well. So it depends on timing. I think we'll probably see a little more move back to U. S. And refining and energy.
The coming quarters just based on where things are, but it just remains to be seen on the timing and when things are ultimately signed. But we feel pretty good about the trend on both And frankly, I'm indifferent, which one we get as long as these projects meet our criteria, which they do. So On Freeport, yes, we clearly feel good about having those assets there. Anytime you have an opportunity to extend your network into a region and bring both atmospheric and processed gases, we see as a very good thing. And so we continue to find some incremental opportunities off that, which we're pursuing.
And we just continue to look for ways to extend the network. So I think it's something that we always like to do. And this is what we've been since our inception. And on upstream energy, to your point, yes, we are hearing things people feeling a little bit better. Oil prices are higher.
I think some of the regions like Permian are getting crowded. It's getting more difficult to get product out. Think you're starting to see, activity in other regions as pricing gets better. I would say too, we probably saw a lot of what's called refracking of wells, not a lot of new wells, not a lot of new completions, when prices were lower. Now that prices are higher and they kind of exhausted.
I think a large backlog of existing wells, you're seeing people do a little more work, a little more drilling, probably new completions and to your point, they see enough value that they're willing to expend more resources. So I think that is a good sign, but we're still coming off a pretty low low. So even we've been experiencing double digit growth, but it's got a long way to go. And it remains seen if it can ever get back to the level it was. But I'd say trends are good.
The customer sentiment seems to be pretty good, and we're seeing some nice roll up opportunities. And say U. S. And Mexico is where we're seeing much more of the opportunity right now, as we said in the script.
Excellent. Thank you.
Our next question comes from the line of Mike Harrison with Seaport Global Securities. Your line is open.
Hi good morning.
Good morning.
Matt, I was wondering if you could talk a little bit about the margin performance South America, you had a sequential decline, or I guess kind of any way you look at it, sales didn't decline very much. But margin declined quite a bit 170 bps sequentially. Is that the take or pay minimums coming into play there? Or can you maybe give a little more color on why we're seeing that swing in margin despite only a modest sequential decline in sales?
Yes. Mike, I'd say it's a combination of a couple of things. Sequentially, we're improving on volumes that are below take or pay. So to your point, you're getting top line, but now really much margin on it. And in addition, with the normal seasonal patterns with Carnivale and Easter and what we tend to see is you see a lot less merchant and packaged gases just because of normal seasonal shutdowns, which tend to be more favorable margin products.
So the combination of those 2 effects, you've got a larger decline in sort of your package and merchant, which is hurting the margin. And then you've got some improvement the on-site, which might be at a below taker pay level. And that combination is creating on a sequential basis an unfavorable margin. So Looking at year over year, sometimes helps get the seasonality piece out. And year over year, we are a little better as you see, but still got a long ways to go.
To get back to the levels that we've become accustomed to in prior years. So we got our work cut out for us, but that sequential seasonal effect plus these rising volumes in take or pay scenarios aren't doing a lot to help margins right now.
All right. And then I was wondering if you could give us a little color you're seeing in the helium market. It sounds like supply and demand are getting tighter again. Would that be a potential positive for your earnings going forward?
I think it could be. To your point, helium had a rough go for, the last year, but supply has become constrained for a variety of different reasons. And we're starting to see some difficulty in maintaining supply and delivering supply across various accounts in the world for the product, which will probably provide some pricing opportunity. But helium has had, like I said, probably a rough year so. And we do expect that it should do better here over the next year.
Our next question is from the line of John Roberts with UBS. Your line is open.
Thank you. In surface technologies, maybe you don't add coders very often. So maybe this is a good opportunity to get sense of the capital intensity of that business. How much does a new coder cost?
Well, John, I don't want to get into specifics. What a new coder cost. But I would say that it's a multiple asset investment to meet the demand that capacity that we're expanding across a couple locations. And it's something that's material enough that, we want to call it out. Clearly, we're ramping up costs.
We're hiring people. We're training people. We have the facility costs. We're installing the equipment. So you front run the costs in a manufacturing environment like this, but the revenue will ramp over the next several quarters.
So We feel good about the progress. The investments are going to plan. And the demand is there. We know that the opportunity set is there. So that's something that I expect will get better with each successive quarter.
But we're in the middle of kind of ramping that capacity up right now.
Okay. And is the tightness in the trucking market and the new rules for hours drivers can work having any effect on your business?
Well, we've dealt with, as you could imagine, lots of challenges over our since our inception of availability drivers and difficulty obtaining drivers, we like probably other folks in our industry do a combination of internal employee drivers. And using 3rd party contract carriers. So that's something we flex up and down based on what our volumes look like based on availability to get contract drivers that meet our safety standards and meet our requirements, to be a contractor for Praxair. So I would say the current situation, we've seen things like this in the past. And we're probably doing a little more internal hiring of drivers than using third parties, just giving some of the availability.
But this is something that we're used to managing and we'll continue to and as distribution costs rise. And if they rise, that's something we need to go out and try to recover in the market, which is what we've been doing.
All right. Thank you.
Our next question comes from the line of Bob Koort with Goldman Sachs. Your line is
This is Chris Evans on for Bob. I wanted to talk a little bit about the Asian price trajectory. It looks like you're going to start to lap some of the benefits next quarter. I just wanted to get a sense just in the marketplace right now, is there enough support that you could see sequential price improvement later in the year and see a continued year over year price gains?
Well, Chris, I mean, that's our objective is to try and do that. It remains to be seen. I would say that prior to a lot of these increases, the pricing in China was some of the lowest we have in the world. So there is amount of room to catch up. Demand is pretty good.
So we'll that's something that has to be seen. But clearly the team, I think, is motivated and properly, has the right metrics on how to look at this. But conditions are good right there and good right now, but still I think China has a ways to go before the pricing can be equivalent to what you see in other markets. So I don't know at this stage, but, we'll have to see.
Thanks. And then since we're seeing such a strong uptick in some of the merchant and packaged businesses globally, can you kind of remind us of the potential for margin improvement as you increase your utilization rates? Or what kind of algorithms or metrics should we look at as you get to fill up your plans at higher rates?
Well, our goal is to try and raise our margins every year. And if we can get 20 to 40 basis points, I think when you look at the average that we've experienced over a long range, that's and we've been able to deliver on fairly consistently. Clearly, in a time with pricing opportunities and expansion of volumes, That gives us a better opportunity to raise margins. We've done it now, as I mentioned, 4 consecutive quarters. We've got some pretty good year over year margin leverage for this first quarter.
So this is something that we want to just make sure we capture. And the key is that we don't lose it, right? We don't allow cost inflation to offset it. And that's something that there's a lot of focus in the organization to ensure. So I think there is more opportunity.
I think there's more improvement. I mean, I look at something like South America, when you look at it by region, South American margins are some of the lowest they've been. So any kind of improvement there will clearly help the overall margins. So it's just it's got to be kind of region by region and what we're able to do on organic volume and pricing. But I definitely think there's room for improvement.
Thanks Matt.
Our next question is from Jim Sheehan with SunTrust. Your line is open.
Thanks. Matt, could you give us some flavor on your merchant utilization rates by region? Sure. So starting, starting in North America, what we're seeing is kind of low 80s. Argonron is much tighter.
And you've probably heard that from other calls, but on the Lynn Lock side, still kind of high 70s, low 80s, but we're continuing to see some upticks there. But for the most part, while it's different in the regions, pretty well loaded, but we still got a lot of room and capacity for further expansion. South America, it depends. LAR is quite low, low utilization, but excluding LAR, we're probably in the mid to high 70s. For most of our areas, but that's something that's been pretty, pretty flat for a while now in utilizations over the last couple of years.
Not much movement there. Europe, again, I'd say mid-70s, Lynn Locks. So we've definitely got some capacity in room there, although we have seen some incremental improvements. And then Asia is clearly higher. Probably mid-80s, China and Korea are definitely in higher utilization rates.
India is a little lower. But we're starting to see a better utilization as those economies have been growing pretty much faster than the other ones in the world. So All in, we're probably in the high 70s globally, but I would say definitely room for further capacity expansion. And we could meet any incremental demand if required. Did you quantify any headwind you might expect from customer turn rounds in the second quarter?
Not in the second quarter. No, we've mentioned in the first quarter some fairly large, primarily refining turnarounds in the U. S. Gulf Coast. And that was about 1% on the North American segment.
So roughly half of that, globally. But there's nothing we've highlighted in the 2nd quarter.
Our next question is from Don Carson with Susquehanna Financial. Your line is open.
Matt, on the inside business, are you seeing any pickup in production that your North American customers from the deal and aluminum tariffs or is it too early to tell what benefit that may have?
Well, Don, I'd probably say it's a little too early to tell, but I can say looking over the last several quarters, we've definitely seen an improvement in volumes across our metals customers in North America. And I think you've probably seen that in our end market reporting by segment. So it's been a continual improvement. I think that margins are better for them. Given what's going on.
So I think the desire is there to run. It's profitable for them to run. So we see the right backdrop and we've seen some good improvements. And then clearly, it'll just be as units are come on and off with the various mills, but that's an area I think that the the economics for our customer base seems good. And it seems to be more of a level playing field for them.
So I think that outlook still remains fairly good.
And a follow-up on the Linde divestiture process, see if you can answer it. But on the bidders for the assets that are being divested, those bidders been pre approved by either the European Commission or other antitrust agencies?
Yes. Sorry, Don. I can't get any details at this point on that process, but rest assured when the timing is right and we have more information, to disclose, we will disclose that.
Thank you.
Okay. I think we have time for 1 more.
Our last question is from Kevin McCarthy with Vertical Research. Your line is open.
Yes, thank you for squeezing me in. With regards to the packaged gas growth of 9%, would you comment on the split between hard goods and gas and rent. And then also in U. S. Packaged gases, Matt, I think you referenced some of the pressures in logistics.
Can you remind us how you, look to offset that? Is it surcharges or pricing or a combination of those?
Sure. So on the PAG, 9% growth, hardgoods are double digit. And again, that's coming off the lower base. Hard goods tend to swing more, as you know. So they're up more double digit gases or mid single digit.
Some pushing to higher single digit. So I'd say from that perspective, kind of bracketing around the 9% But we've seen now a couple of quarters in a row with these type trends. And I think they've remained pretty solid throughout here, even through the 1st month, the 2nd quarter here. Regarding logistics costs, it's exactly what you said. It'll be a combination.
Some will be surcharging contractually. Some will just be pricing depends on the contract depends on the product. For package, it tends to be more just pricing. And so that's a reason why they need to go out there and make sure we're recovering any of the inflation that we're seeing. And I'd say so far to date, we've been keeping up with it.
So we feel, we feel on track with that.
Very good. And then as a quick follow-up, if I may, on slide 15, where you provide the end use market growth trends, chemicals was highest at 14. That's an acceleration from 11, I think, last quarter. What driving that? And if you were to back out new projects, do you think the baseline growth is accelerating there as well.
Do you have any color on that subject?
Yes. So clearly to your point, projects are driving a portion of that in North America. But even without the projects, we are still positively growing a little bit in Europe, fairly well in Asia still. We're seeing good growth in chemicals on our Asian, primarily on-site businesses. And in the U.
S, even excluding the project startups, we are growing in chemicals. So I'd say that even despite startups. That is a positive growing end market, consistent with what you'd see in some of the others on an organic basis.
Thank you so much.
Thank you again for participating in our first quarter earnings call. If you have any further questions Please feel free to reach out to me directly.
Ladies and gentlemen, this does conclude the program. You may now disconnect.