Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by, and welcome to the Lilly Q3 2022 Earnings conference call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. Later, we will conduct a question-and-answer session, and instructions will be given at that time. Should you require assistance during the call, please press star then zero, and the operator will assist you offline. As a reminder, your conference is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to your host, Joe Fletcher, Senior Vice President of Investor Relations. Please go ahead.
Thank you, Lois, and good morning. Thank you for joining us for Eli Lilly and Company's Q3 2022 earnings call. I'm Joe Fletcher, Senior Vice President of Investor Relations. Joining me on today's call are including Dave Ricks, Lilly's Chair and CEO, Anat Ashkenazi, Chief Financial Officer, Dr. Dan Skovronsky, Chief Scientific and Medical Officer, Anne White, President of Lilly Neuroscience, Ilya Yuffa, President of Lilly International, Jacob Van Naarden, CEO of Loxo at Lilly, Mike Mason, President of Lilly Diabetes, and Patrik Jonsson, President of Lilly Immunology and Lilly USA. We're also joined by Mike Sprengnether, Kento Ueha, and Lauren Zierke of the Investor Relations team. During this conference call, we anticipate making projections and forward-looking statements based on our current expectations. Our actual results could differ materially due to several factors, including those listed on slide three.
Additional information concerning factors that could cause actual results to differ materially is contained in our latest Form 10-K and subsequent Forms 10-Q and 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The information we provide about our products and pipeline is for the benefit of the investment community. It is not intended to be promotional and is not sufficient for prescribing decisions. As we transition to our prepared remarks, please note that our commentary will focus on non-GAAP financial measures. Now I'll turn the call over to Dave.
Well, thanks, Joe. Over the last three months, we continued to successfully execute our strategy. On the commercial front, we drove strong volume-based growth of our recently launched medicines, including Mounjaro, which has seen an impressive initial uptick. At the same time, we advanced our late-phase pipeline, progressing towards potential launches of four new medicines by the end of next year, while also investing in our early-stage pipeline and new modalities like gene therapy. To meet the growing demand for our products and prepare for future launches, we have also continued to invest in expansion of our manufacturing footprint. I'd highlight two areas of high unmet need where Lilly is progressing new medicines to improve patient outcomes, obesity and alzheimer's disease.
In obesity, we are pleased that the FDA has granted Fast Track designation for tirzepatide for adults with obesity, enabling us to potentially bring this promising medicine to patients even sooner. We're also initiating SURMOUNT-MMO, our Phase III morbidity, mortality, and obesity study to evaluate improved outcomes for patients with obesity. In alzheimer's disease, our Phase III TRAILBLAZER-ALZ 2 study for donanemab continues to progress towards a top-line readout in mid-2023, and we continue to work with the FDA to pursue an accelerated approval based on our TRAILBLAZER-ALZ data. We also announced completion of our submission for lebrikizumab in atopic dermatitis in both the U.S. and the E.U. With already completed submissions for donanemab, pirtobrutinib, mirikizumab, we are excited by the potential to launch four new medicines between now and the end of 2023.
We are experiencing an unprecedented rate of new product launches for Lilly and undoubtedly one of the most impressive rates in our industry. Turning to our strategic deliverables on Slide four, Q3 revenue grew 7% in constant currency. Worldwide volume grew a robust 14%. Key product growth grew 19% and now account for 70% of our core business revenue, a reflection of the youth and durability of our marketed product portfolio. We're encouraged to see the continued global adoption of products like Verzenio, Taltz, Jardiance, and our Incretin medicines, including Mounjaro and Trulicity. Our non-GAAP gross margin was 79% in Q3, which is in line with the same period last year. Our non-GAAP operating margin was 28.9%, which includes a negative impact of approximately 90 basis points attributed to acquired in-process R&D and development milestone charges.
For pipeline milestones, we shared several important updates since our Q2 earnings call, including FDA Fast Track designation for tirzepatide for adults with obesity, with completion of a rolling submission expected by mid-2023, E.U. and Japan approval for Mounjaro for the treatment of adults with type 2 diabetes, U.S. and E.U. submission of lebrikizumab for moderate to severe atopic dermatitis, an FDA accelerated approval for Retevmo in RET fusion-positive advanced or metastatic solid tumors regardless of tumor type and traditional approval in adults with locally advanced or metastatic RET fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer. Dan will discuss this in more detail later, but we are excited to have announced the acquisition of Akouos, which ams to accelerate efforts in gene therapies that promise to restore, improve, and preserve hearing for patients living with disabling hearing loss. This acquisition demonstrates our continued commitment to advancing genetic medicine at Lilly.
Finally, we distributed nearly $900 million in dividends to our shareholders. On slide five, you'll see a list of key events since our Q2 earnings call, including several important personnel, COVID-19 antibody, and ESG updates. We announced the upcoming retirement of Stephen Fry, our Senior Vice President of Human Resources and Diversity, following more than 35 years at our company. I'd like to thank Steve for playing a key role in advancing our diversity, equity, and inclusion agenda and leading our efforts to be the premier employer in our region and our sector. We also welcome Eric Dozier, who will succeed Steve. Eric has nearly 25 years of experience at Lilly and a strong track record of developing people and teams that deliver impressive business results.
I'm confident he is the right leader to progress our people strategy, which is vital for Lilly to achieve our ambitious growth objectives ahead. In August, we began to make our COVID-19 antibody bebtelovimab available for purchase to states, hospitals, and certain other providers through a sole distributor. In Q3, we shipped an additional 600,000—or 60,000, I should say, doses of bebtelovimab to the U.S. government for approximately $110 million. These are to be used for the financially vulnerable patients through a product replacement program. At this time, we are not anticipating any further U.S. government orders for bebtelovimab.
With regards to our ESG efforts, we published our inaugural sustainability bond allocation and impact report, highlighting the allocation of approximately EUR 128 million across a range of sustainability projects since the issuance of the sustainability bond in September of 2021. For more information about this and the many other aspects of our ESG program, you can visit our Lilly ESG website. Now I'll turn the call over to Anat for a more detailed review of our Q3 results.
Thanks, Dave. Before I review the financial results for Q3, let me highlight a change in how we expect to communicate our acquired IPR&D and development milestone charges. In mid-October, we filed an 8-K with the SEC to provide investors earlier clarity on the impact from acquired IPR&D and development milestone charges for Q3. In future quarters, we generally expect to provide this information through quarterly updates on our investor relations website. Now moving to our results. Slide six summarizes financial performance in the third quarter of 2022, and I'll focus my overall comments on non-GAAP performance. A few notable items affected year-over-year comparisons in Q3. Foreign exchange rates had a roughly 430 basis point impact on revenue this quarter as Q3 revenue grew by 2% or 7% on a constant currency basis.
We recognized $86 million of revenue related to a sales collaboration agreement for the right to sell and distribute Mounjaro in Japan. We experienced the first full quarter impact of Alimta's U.S. patent expiry and the increase in sales of COVID-19 antibodies and the decrease in sales of Olumiant for the treatment of COVID-19 impacted our results. When excluding revenue from Alimta, which is now off patent across the E.U., Japan, and the U.S., COVID-19 antibodies and Olumiant for the treatment of COVID-19, revenue grew 9% for the quarter or 14% in constant currency, highlighting solid momentum for our core business. Gross margin was roughly flat year-over-year.
The impact of lower realized prices and increased expenses due to inflation and logistics costs were offset by favorable product mix, including the impact of lower sales of Olumiant for the treatment of COVID-19 and the favorable impact of foreign exchange rates. Operating expenses increased 1% this quarter. Growth in marketing, selling, and administrative expenses and R&D expenses were largely offset by lower acquired IPR&D and development milestone charges that reduced operating expense growth by nearly 350 basis points. Marketing, selling, and administrative expenses increased 2%, primarily driven by the increased costs associated with the launch of Mounjaro, partially offset by the favorable impact of foreign exchange rates. R&D expenses increased 6%, driven by higher development expense for late-stage assets, partially offset by the favorable impact of foreign exchange rates and lower development expenses for COVID-19 antibodies.
Operating income increased 6% in Q3, primarily due to higher gross margin, partially offset by higher operating expense. Operating income as a percent of revenue was 28.9%, which includes a negative impact of approximately 90 basis points attributed to the acquired IPR&D and development milestone charges. Our Q3 effective tax rate was 10.7%, a decrease of 360 basis points compared to the same period in 2021. This decrease was primarily driven by the favorable tax impact related to the implementation of the 2017 Tax Act. At the bottom line, earnings per share increased approximately 12% this quarter to $1.98 per share. Acquired IPR&D and development milestone charge had a negative impact of $0.06 in Q3 2022 compared to $0.17 in the same period last year.
On slide , we quantify the effect of price, rate, and volume on revenue growth. This quarter, foreign exchange movement, primarily related to the weakening of the euro against the U.S. dollar, decreased revenue by 4%. Moving to our performance by key geography, this quarter, U.S. revenue grew 11%, driven by volume growth of 15%. Excluding revenue from Alimta, COVID-19 antibodies, and Olumiant for the treatment of COVID-19, revenue in the U.S. increased 20%, driven primarily by key growth products. U.S. volume growth was partially offset by a net price decline of 4%, driven primarily by lower realized prices for Humalog due to segment mix and the list price reduction for Insulin Lispro injection. Moving to Europe, revenue grew 11% in constant currency, driven primarily by volume growth for Trulicity, Jardiance, Verzenio and Taltz.
We are encouraged by the momentum of our business in Europe and expect continued growth as the impact from the patent expiry for Alimta, which lost exclusivity in June 2021, recedes from base period comparison. For Japan, Q3 revenue decreased by 2% in constant currency. The growth of our newer medicine and revenue related to a sales collaboration agreement for the rights to sell and distribute Mounjaro in Japan was more than offset by the continued impact of declines in off-patent products, primarily Cymbalta and Alimta, which both faced generic entry in June 2021. We expect a return to growth in Japan beginning in 2023 as we continue to scale our key growth products and the impact of patent expiration subsides. In China, revenue declined 10% in constant currency as we continue to be impacted by the zero COVID policy measures.
We're also seeing the impact of increased competitive pressures for Tyvyt from local competitors with NRDL access. In addition, we experienced the first full quarter of the pricing impact of volume-based procurement for Humalog. As we expect to maintain a high level of access for our innovative portfolio, we believe our volume should accelerate to drive net growth in the future. Revenue in the rest of the world decreased 6% in constant currency in Q3, primarily driven by customer buying patterns. The year-to-date growth of 8% in constant currency in this region is more representative of underlying trends. As shown on slide nine, our key growth products continue to drive robust worldwide volume growth. These products drove approximately 18 percentage point of volume growth this quarter and continue to underpin our current performance and future outlooks. Slide 10 further highlights the contribution of our key growth products.
This quarter, these brands grew 19%, or 25% in constant currency, generated $4.6 billion in sales, and made up 70% of our core business revenue. Products like Verzenio, Taltz in dermatology, and Jardiance have outpaced competitors' growth and are leaders in new to brand share of market within their respective classes. In the injectable incretin market, we continue to see significant opportunities for further class growth. In addition to Mounjaro's successful launch in the U.S., Trulicity has continued to experience strong growth globally. To date, our incretin manufacturing production is ahead of our internal plans, and we remain focused on sustaining this performance. Strong demand for Trulicity, partially due to ongoing limited availability of competitors' GLP-1, continues to challenge our ability to meet expanding demand in most international markets.
In those situations, we're working hard to supply market demand while minimizing impact to existing patients, including communication in these markets not to initiate new patients on Trulicity. In the U.S., script volume remains robust, and while we build more capacity, wholesalers may experience intermittent restocking delays of Trulicity orders. Moving to slide 11, we're pleased with the rapid uptick of Mounjaro in the first four months since launch. Approximately 70% of Mounjaro's new therapy starts are patients naive to the type 2 diabetes injectable incretin class, and less than 10% are switchers from Trulicity. We are progressing payer negotiations and have more than doubled the level of access to approximately 45% of total commercial and Part D lives. As we expand access, the proportion of paid scripts should start to increase.
Our focus is to make Mounjaro available for type 2 diabetes patients, and we intend to take actions designed to ensure access and supply for these patients. These actions may negatively impact prescription volumes, but are not expected to impact net revenue. We have seen unprecedented demand for Mounjaro's type 2 diabetes launch in the U.S., bolstered by strong efficacy and a positive customer experience. Availability of competitors' incretin also is a key factor as we assess Mounjaro's demand and supply. To meet this rapidly growing demand across our incretin business, we have plans to add substantial additional manufacturing capacity. In 2023, we expect the RTP site in North Carolina to become fully operational, and that capacity, coupled with additional actions and expansions in other sites, will result in doubling Lilly's incretin manufacturing capacity at the end of 2023. On slide 12, we provide an update on capital allocation.
For the first nine months of the year, we invested $6.8 billion to drive our future growth through a combination of R&D expenditures, business development outlays, and capital investments. In addition, we returned approximately $2.7 billion to shareholders in dividends and repurchased $1.5 billion in stock. Our capital allocation priorities are to fund our key marketed products and expected new launches, bolster manufacturing capacity, invest in our pipeline, pursue opportunities for external innovation to augment our future growth prospects, and return excess capital to shareholders. Slide 13 is our updated 2022 financial guidance. Our full-year revenue outlook now includes an additional $300 million of headwinds from foreign exchange rates since our previous guidance update, for a total impact of roughly $1 billion of foreign exchange-driven headwinds on revenue for the full year compared to our original guidance. Our outlook for gross margin, SG&A, and research and development remains unchanged.
Our guidance now includes acquired IPR&D and development milestone charges of approximately $670 million, reflecting total charges in the first nine months of the year. We have not recognized material acquired IPR&D or development milestone charges to date in Q4, and this guidance does not include any impact from the potential acquisition or potential business development or acquisition in the remainder of the year, including pending acquisition of Akouos. Our non-GAAP operating margins remain unchanged at approximately 29%. On a reported basis, operating margin is now expected to be approximately 26%, driven by the intangible asset impairment for our GBA1 gene therapy due to changes in estimated launch timing. Our non-GAAP range for other income and expense remains unchanged.
On a reported basis, other income and expense is now expected to be expensed in the range of $600 million-$700 million, reflecting the net impact of net losses on investments in equity securities during Q3 2022. Our tax rate and EPS in the first nine months of the year includes the favorable impact of the provision in the 2017 Tax Act that requires capitalization and amortization of research and development expenses for tax purposes. Our financial guidance for the full year continues to assume this provision will be deferred or repealed by Congress, effective for the full year 2022.
Assuming this deferral or repeal occurs before the end of the year, we expect our Q4 non-GAAP tax rate to be approximately 22%, which includes the cumulative tax impact of immediately expensing research and development costs for the full year 2022. If this provision is not deferred or repealed effective this year, then we would expect our reported and non-GAAP tax rate to be approximately 10%-11%. Based on these changes, we have lowered our reported EPS guidance by six cents to now be in the range of $6.50-$6.65 per share, and lowered our 2022 non-GAAP EPS guidance by $0.20 .To be in the range of $7.70-$7.85.
The $0.20 reduction in our non-GAAP EPS range is driven by the negative impact of foreign exchange rate as well as the $0.06 impact from the incremental acquired IPR&D and development milestone charges in Q3. Now before I turn the call over to Dan, I'd like to provide a few thoughts on the pushes and pulls across the P&L as we begin to think about next year. Starting with revenue, we're confident in the growth outlook of our core business. We expect to build on the positive momentum across our key growth products, including the continued strong launch of Mounjaro and launches of new products. While we anticipate that initial revenue from our next wave of potential launches will be modest in 2023, with only partial year revenue, we do expect that donanemab, pirtobrutinib, mirikizumab, and lebrikizumab will serve as additional catalysts for continued growth.
In 2023, we will see the full year impact of Alimta's patent expiry in the U.S., where new generics have eroded Alimta's sales starting mid Q2, and we anticipate a low single-digit% headwind from foreign exchange rates. As for revenue from COVID-19 antibodies, we will continue to make bebtelovimab available for purchase. However, the demand for these therapies will depend not only on COVID-19 case counts, but also on evolving variants and available therapies. We continue to believe that COVID-19 antibodies will not be a major driver for long-term growth for Lilly. We will invest in our future as we advance promising R&D opportunities, expand our manufacturing capacity, and support the potential launch of multiple new products. Assuming inflation persists, we expect to see that impact in 2023 as well.
Also, we will be making a significant investment in one of our most important assets, our talented workforce, through increases in compensation that are partially due to inflationary pressures, but also to ensure that we have the right capabilities to deliver on the promise of our future growth. While these investments will slow our operating margin expansion in 2023, they are critical to maximizing pipeline and new launch opportunities to help sustain top-tier revenue growth and operating margin expansion over the mid to long term. We look forward to sharing more details on our 2023 guidance call on December 13. Now I'll turn the call over to Dan to highlight progress in R&D.
Thanks, Anat. 2022 has been another outstanding year for R&D at Lilly. In addition to Mounjaro's approval, we have now completed regulatory submissions for four new medicines that could all launch by the end of 2023, pirtobrutinib, mirikizumab, lebrikizumab, and donanemab. In addition, we advanced our early stage pipeline with promising next generation assets in all of our key areas. Plus, we've continued to improve our capabilities and advance our projects in our growing nucleic acid medicine portfolio. Before I share an R&D update for our core business, let me briefly add to Anat's update on COVID-19 antibodies. While we've made bebtelovimab commercially available, we're also closely watching the emergence of new highly mutated strains. Based on pseudovirus data, we do not believe that bebtelovimab will neutralize against the new BQ variants.
However, we do have potentially broadly neutralizing antibodies in our labs that we can consider bringing forward if there is a need and an aligned path forward with health authorities. Moving to our core R&D portfolio, slide 14 shows select pipeline opportunities as of October 28, 2022, and slide 15 shows potential key events for the year. I'll cover important developments since our last earnings call by therapeutic area. Starting with diabetes and obesity, we have several updates for tirzepatide. For type 2 diabetes, in addition to the U.S. approval of Mounjaro in Q2, we're pleased to announce recent approvals in the E.U. and Japan. For chronic weight management, we're pleased that the FDA has granted Fast Track designation for tirzepatide. Fast Track designation is designed to facilitate the development and expedite the review of new therapies to treat serious conditions that have the potential to fill an unmet medical need.
We plan to initiate a rolling submission this year that will be primarily based on the results from the SURMOUNT-1 trial, which is complete, and SURMOUNT-2, which is expected to be complete by the end of April 2023. Assuming positive SURMOUNT-2 results, we expect to complete the rolling submission with these data in mid-2023 for potential regulatory action as early as late next year. We're working hard to bring tirzepatide to adults living with obesity as soon as we can. We also presented the trial design of tirzepatide's SURMOUNT-MMO, our phase III morbidity and mortality in obesity study. SURMOUNT-MMO evaluates treatment with tirzepatide compared to placebo in adults living with obesity without diabetes and measures the effects of tirzepatide on a broad set of outcomes beyond traditional cardiovascular events. As our primary endpoint, we're measuring the occurrence of a cardiovascular event from a 5-point CV composite that includes all-cause mortality.
We've also incorporated key secondary endpoints, including traditional MACE-3 events, reducing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, and adverse renal outcomes. In SURMOUNT-MMO, we're studying both primary and secondary prevention of events in a broader at-risk population, more representative of that seen in clinical practice. The SURMOUNT-MMO study has now initiated, and we look forward to sharing the results in the future. SURMOUNT-MMO is just the latest addition to tirzepatide's development plan, where our goal is to not only demonstrate chronic weight management, but also to demonstrate improvement across multiple outcomes as a result of weight loss. We're extremely confident in tirzepatide's potential to impact health outcomes of patients living with type 2 diabetes, obesity, and other obesity-related metabolic outcomes.
Transitioning to the rest of our diabetes portfolio, we started two more phase III studies for our weekly basal insulin FC and expect to start the fifth and final registration study in the QUINT program in the coming months. We also received FDA approval for the Tempo Smart Button, a medical device and key component of Lilly's forthcoming Tempo personalized diabetes management platform. We're excited to begin to introduce this platform to the marketplace this year. Moving to oncology. In line with expectations previously communicated, we've now performed another interim analysis for MONARCH-E, our adjuvant high-risk early breast cancer study of Verzenio in combination with endocrine therapy for the treatment of adult patients with HR-positive, HER2-negative, node-positive early breast cancer at high risk of recurrence. The results of this analysis will be presented at the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium next month. We're excited by what we've seen.
We look forward to sharing the data publicly. Verzenio is the only CDK4/6 inhibitor approved in the adjuvant setting, and we're enthusiastic about Verzenio's ability to substantially reduce the risk of developing incurable, life-threatening metastatic disease. We also announced that the FDA granted accelerated approval to Retevmo for pretreated adults with locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors with a RET gene fusion, regardless of tumor type, and also granted traditional approval for Retevmo in adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer with a RET gene fusion as detected by an FDA-approved test. We're grateful to have the opportunity to deliver meaningful clinical benefits to more patients across more tumor types with Retevmo. We also began dosing patients in our fifth phase III study for pirtobrutinib. This latest trial is a head-to-head study evaluating pirtobrutinib against ibrutinib in BTK inhibitor naive patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
As a reminder, pirtobrutinib is currently under priority review at the FDA for mantle cell lymphoma previously treated with a BTK inhibitor, with regulatory action expected in early 2023. We also continue to have discussions with the FDA about potentially accelerating the approval pathway for CLL in patients previously treated with a BTK inhibitor. Switching to immunology, we presented detailed week 52 results from the lebrikizumab phase three monotherapy studies in patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis at two recent dermatology conferences. The maintenance data showed that lebrikizumab provided robust and durable skin clearance with improvements in itch, sleep, and quality of life among patients who achieved a clinical response in the 16-week induction period. Notably, the results also suggested that less frequent dosing of lebrikizumab can provide similar improvements to once every two-week dosing.
Based upon the data we've collected across our trials in over 2,000 patients, we believe lebrikizumab could become a first-line biologic for treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis, a disease where there's significant need to provide new options for a large and diverse patient population. As part of our efforts to reach a diverse patient population, we've recently initiated an innovative clinical trial to evaluate lebrikizumab for people with skin of color who have a disproportionately higher prevalence of atopic dermatitis and often struggle with more severe forms of the disease. We have now submitted a BLA to the FDA. Almirall, who holds rights to develop and commercialize lebrikizumab for dermatologic indications in Europe, has submitted to the EMA for authorization. We expect regulatory decisions in both the U.S. and the E.U. by the end of next year.
Together with Almirall, we look forward to potentially bringing this important medicine to patients who suffer from this chronic disease. Shifting to our efforts in genetic medicines, you'll see that we have now advanced our ANGPTL3 siRNA to phase II development in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. This is our first siRNA asset to advance to phase II, and with this molecule, alongside our Lp(a) siRNA, where we shared proof of concept data last year, we're optimistic about the prospect of improving cardiovascular outcomes using our portfolio of genetic medicines. Within gene therapy, we're excited about the opportunity to help patients with fatal neurodegenerative diseases, where we're advancing our Prevail Therapeutics programs. We particularly look forward to sharing biomarker results from our progranulin gene therapy program at an upcoming scientific meeting for frontotemporal dementia.
Building on our gene therapy experience with Prevail, we're thrilled to welcome Akouos and their talented team, who will bring a transformational gene therapy approach to treating genetically defined hearing loss. Hearing loss is an area of severe unmet need that historically has not been a focus of pharmacologic development, and we believe treatment of sensorineural hearing loss through gene therapy delivered to the inner ear is an area ripe for technologic advances for the benefit of patients. Finally, let me turn to alzheimer's disease, where there have been a number of important developments since our last call. As a company dedicated to the fight against alzheimer's, we were pleased to see the positive top-line phase III results for lecanemab. Following donanemab's TRAILBLAZER-ALZ study, this lecanemab study may further support the benefit of removing amyloid plaques for people with early symptomatic alzheimer's disease.
These data certainly reinforce our confidence in donanemab and the forthcoming readout from our phase III TRAILBLAZER-ALZ 2 study, which is expected by the middle of 2023, and which, if positive, will form the basis of our application for traditional regulatory approval. In the meantime, we continue working with the FDA to seek accelerated approval in early 2023 based on our TRAILBLAZER-ALZ data. The availability of and access to safe and effective therapies is important to slow the devastating impact on the estimated 6.5 million Americans and 35 million people worldwide living with this disease and their loved ones. While we acknowledge the hard work ahead to bring these therapies to patients in need, we are excited and we are confident in our alzheimer's disease portfolio and the potential impact our drugs can have on patients.
Accordingly, we initiated TRAILRUNNER-ALZ 1, the first trial in our phase III program for remternetug, our next-generation anti-amyloid antibody. Remternetug has demonstrated deep and rapid amyloid plaque clearance and provides the opportunity to explore flexible dosing regimens for patients. Finally, in TRAILBLAZER-ALZ 4, our head-to-head trial comparing donanemab to aducanumab on amyloid plaque lowering in patients with early alzheimer's disease, we have now achieved positive results on the co-primary endpoints of amyloid lowering, as expected, with a consistent safety profile to previous donanemab studies. For this study, the incidence of ARIA-E in the donanemab group was 21.1%, with 2.8% of donanemab-treated patients showing symptomatic ARIA-E, suggesting the potential that rates of plaque clearance are not directly linked to rates of ARIA development.
We'll share the detailed results at the upcoming CTAD meeting in late November, including the relationship between the degree of amyloid plaque removal and plasma phospho-tau, as well as radiographic ARIA. While we focus most of our remarks today on late-stage assets, you'll also notice we have a number of developments across our early-stage portfolio as shown on the slides. Across the pipeline, Q3 was another productive quarter at Lilly. Now I turn the call back to Dave for closing remarks.
Thanks, Dan. Before we go to Q&A, let me briefly sum up the progress we've made in the third quarter. We continue to grow our recently launched medicines, including Mounjaro's strong U.S. launch. At the same time, we continue to advance our pipeline, progressing towards potential launches for four new medicines by the end of next year, while also internally and externally investing in our early-stage pipeline and discovery capabilities. With the progress we've made, we remain confident in our long-term growth prospects. Now I'll turn the call over to Joe to moderate the Q&A session.
Thanks, Dave. We'd like to take questions from as many callers as possible, so we ask that you please limit your questions to two per caller. Lois, please provide the instructions for the Q&A session, and we're ready for the first caller.
Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, if you wish to ask a question, please press one then zero on your touch-tone phone. You will hear an acknowledgment tone that you've been placed in the queue, and you may remove yourself from queue at any time by repeating the one-zero command. If you're on a speakerphone, please pick up your handset before pressing the number. Once again, if you have a question, please press one then zero. The first question is from Chris Schott from JP Morgan. Please go ahead.
Great. Thanks so much for the questions. I just had two here on Mounjaro. I guess the first is just on gross to net trends we should be thinking about from here. I think you're talking at this point about 45% access. So can you talk about just where that will be trending as we look out into maybe early 2023? When do you think you'll be at a point where the drug will have similar access to what we see with Trulicity currently? Then my second question on Mounjaro was on manufacturing capacity, given what's been really an exceptional launch so far. It sounds like you're in a position to double capacity by end of 2023.
I guess the kind of bigger picture question I'm asking is, do you see any capacity issues that could limit uptake of Mounjaro at all as we look between now and when that additional facility comes online? Thanks so much.
Thanks, Chris. I think maybe I'll go to Mike for both the first question on gross to net trends and access and, for some commentary on manufacturing capacity. Mike?
Okay. Hey, thanks, Chris, for the questions. I appreciate that. You know, as we guided before launch, you know, we recommended that you look at gross revenue. It was a better indicator of our performance than net revenue. We took two decisions that were really focused on looking at generating long-term value for Mounjaro. First, we decided to put in place a bridging program that would bridge people who have type 2 diabetes with a low out-of-pocket cost of $25 until they achieved formulary access on their insurance. We were confident that we were gonna build, and we still are confident that we're gonna build a good broad access for Mounjaro. We wanted to make sure that we had a bridging program in place that then allowed us to be disciplined and patient as we gained access.
We wanted to make sure that we looked for the long term, not the short term. If you're too short term-focused, then you're going to be driven to gain access quickly and not make the right pricing decisions. We thought the bridging program, you know, tied with the discipline, negotiation approach was the best approach, and that's the one we've taken, and that's the one we've held true to during our launch. What we'll see is net price will increase as we gain payer access. In the third quarter, we had 22% of people with commercial and Part D insurance had formally accessed Mounjaro. As of October 1, that jumped to 45%.
What we anticipate is we'll still take a disciplined moderated approach to make sure we get the best access for the right price point, and we're still very confident that we will grow and we'll achieve broad access in the upcoming future. We are also adjusting our bridging program to further ensure that it's utilized for people with type 2 diabetes, which will impact new start volume, but shouldn't impact net revenue. We expect over the upcoming quarters that net price will grow for Mounjaro. As it comes to supply, you know, our supply chain has performed exceptionally well since launch. We're taking actions to maximize production supply for our current facilities while we ramp up our new manufacturing facilities that you referenced.
The U.S. Mounjaro launch is really unprecedented with the viral nature given just tremendous patient satisfaction and the visible results that people experience that really spark many conversations within the type 2 diabetes community, which then breeds greater interest in the type 2 diabetes community for Mounjaro. You know, it is a dynamic situation given the uncertainty of competitor GLP supply and that Mounjaro's patient prescription abandonment, long-term adherence, and dose titration rates haven't yet reached steady state, which are all important forecasting assumptions. Given the dynamic nature of this, you know, it's reasonable to assume that weekly production forecast won't perfectly align with weekly demand each week. You know, this will produce some intermittent delays in meeting wholesaler orders for some dosage strengths as we ramp up our supply chain.
If this happens, our teams will work hard to avoid or minimize any short-term impact for people living with type 2 diabetes. You know, stepping back and taking a look at the longer-term picture, we're in a great position. Mounjaro's launch is going extremely well because patient experiences have been tremendous, and they have a high interest in the product profile. We expect Mounjaro's launch has fueled significant incremental market growth, which I think just gives us more confidence in the future. You know, we had the foresight to initiate significant manufacturing capacity expansion before Mounjaro even launched because we saw the potential of the product. We're in a very good long-term position with Mounjaro.
Thanks, Mike. Lois, next question.
The next question is from Terence Flynn from Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead.
Hi. Thanks for taking the questions. Maybe follow-ups for me. Just on the manufacturing side, I mean, is that kind of supply challenges you're gonna run into kind of expected through the first half of the year? I'm just wondering if there's any way you can bring North Carolina on board any sooner. I know you've got it to year-end, but just maybe help us think about anything you can do to kind of bring that online sooner. Then the bridging program, Mike, you mentioned, you made some changes there. So the percentage of, you know, patients not with type 2 diabetes will be different going forward. Can you tell us what that represents currently and how we should think about that change to volume going forward? Thank you.
Thanks, Terence. Mike?
Yeah. On manufacturing supply, you know, I'll reinforce that our manufacturing supply and teammates have delivered exceptional results, and they continue to look for every way to maximize our production supply. They have all hands on deck to get the Research Triangle Park facility online as soon as possible. As soon as that facility is available, we'll make good use of that supply. You know, we're confident in our ability of our manufacturing personnel and our leadership there. We're very confident in the long-term potential of tirzepatide. With the bridging program, I think your question was more around kind of off-label use of Mounjaro and how much it was.
As you know, Mounjaro was approved in the U.S. for patients with type two diabetes, and we have just excellent processes in place to ensure that all promotional activities are in line with our approved label. We're pleased with our discipline on label, promotional execution. The launch of Mounjaro has been very disciplined and, in line with everything that we wanted. You know, we've been encouraged by both patient and physician prescribing experiences, and this has driven a very high interest in Mounjaro. We haven't, we don't have perfect data to suggest what diagnosis a patient has. The best data that we have is to look at the whether those individuals who are starting Mounjaro, whether they have previously been on a diabetes medication or not.
You know, given that our promotion is focused solely on type 2 diabetes, we would expect to see the majority of people using Mounjaro for type 2 diabetes, and that's what we've seen. While we see fluctuation from week to week, in the third quarter, we saw about 2/3 of new patients starting Mounjaro with a history of type 2 diabetes medications. For the remaining 1/3 of patients who are classified as naive to treatment, diabetes treatments, these individuals could either be newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients or individuals who haven't yet been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.
Thanks, Mike. Lois, next question.
Thank you. The next question is from Umer Raffat from Evercore. Please go ahead.
Good morning, guys. Thanks for taking my question. A quick couple of questions on Mounjaro. A, if you could speak to the inventory contribution to the third quarter U.S. sales. B, I was just trying to compare Mounjaro gross to net, and the dollars per Rx early into the launch and compared versus how Trulicity did early into the launch. I think what stands out is the revenues per Rx were several fold higher for Trulicity. Perhaps if you could speak to any specific differences in the types and extent of patient support you did early in Trulicity launch versus what you're doing in Mounjaro. Clearly, the volumes have majorly surpassed what Trulicity did early on. Thank you.
Thanks, Umer. Mike, go back to you on both questions. First one on inventory contribution to Q2 sales, and then the second on the gross to net, and how that would compare versus what we saw with Trulicity.
Okay, a good question. You know, inventory contributions to Q3 sales was 40%. I also, you know, note that, you know, as soon as a product ships our product, we accrue for rebates and discounts, whether that product is used to supply patient demand in the pharmacy or whether that's used in the channel for inventory. As it comes to gross to net, the big change is, if you look at the Trulicity launch versus the Mounjaro launch, is we did not have a bridging program at the launch of Trulicity like we do for Mounjaro.
Thanks, Mike. Lois, next question.
The next question is from Steve Scala from Cowen. Please go ahead.
Thank you very much. Why does Lilly think FDA is requiring it to submit results from SURMOUNT-2 for the tirzepatide obesity filing, when that study would not seem particularly relevant given that it is in diabetics, does not select for obesity, and is smaller than SURMOUNT-1? Given that the FDA request seems of tenuous value, could it be relaxed perhaps on an interim look at SURMOUNT-2? That's the first question. Second, why did Lilly sell co-promotion rights to Mounjaro in Japan when it is, I believe, Lilly's second largest market? Lilly has a large footprint there, presumably. Mounjaro is a critical long-term driver to Lilly and do so for only $86 million. Granted, Lilly has done this before, such as selling rights to Cialis in China, but that was at a point when Cialis was in steep decline, whereas Mounjaro is your future.
Thank you.
Thanks, Steve. First, for the question about the FDA and submission for tirzepatide for obesity, we'll go to Dan, and then your second question around the collaboration agreement in Japan will go to Ilya. Dan.
Yeah. Thanks, Steve, for the question on SURMOUNT-2 here and FDA requirements. Maybe I just start off by relieving any worries that there's any specific concerns with the data or safety or anything like that. We don't see anything such as that driving FDA concerns. I think the FDA discussion around having two trials is just to be consistent with FDA guidance for adequate and well-controlled studies in chronic weight management. That for that indication, having multiple studies in a population with obesity, with primary endpoints defined as per the guidance on thresholds of weight loss, is the requirement. That's the requirement we're being held to have two studies.
Thanks, Dan. Ilya, do you wanna take the question around the Japan tirzepatide?
Yeah. Steve, thank you for the question. You're right, Japan is a critical market. Just to clarify, the $86 million that we recognized for revenue and payment from Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma was for an upfront payment for a collaboration, which is consistent with partnerships we've had in Japan for a number of our growth brands, like Trulicity, like Humalog. We've had success in.
Having strategic partnerships with local Japanese companies to successfully commercialize our innovative treatments. We believe that this partnership will allow us to maximize the value of tirzepatide in Japan. Mitsubishi Tanabe does have significant scale and experience in diabetes, and together we will collaborate. Just to clarify, we will preserve the economics, ongoing economics for the launch and sales of Mounjaro in Japan, forward.
Thanks, Ilya. Lois, next question.
The next question is from Geoff Meacham from Bank of America. Please go ahead.
Morning, guys. Thanks for the question. Mike, you mentioned a low switch rate to Mounjaro from Trulicity, but what was the driver of sequential trends for Trulicity? And maybe how do you see cannibalization playing out, you know, in the next few years? Then the second question, you know, for Dan, on tirzepatide and obesity, you know, you guys added it on the MMO study, but there are a lot of other additional indications beyond what you guys have talked about, you know, where obesity plays a role, like acute coronary syndromes or other broad cardio indications come to mind. So how do you guys plan on prioritizing the clinical investments, you know, from here for tirzepatide? Like, what's the math that goes into that? Thank you.
Thanks, Jeff. Mike, we'll go to you for the question around consequential trends and what we might expect in terms of ongoing switch rates. Then Dan, we'll go to you for prioritization of tirzepatide development plans. Mike?
Yeah, what you typically see is actually the switching for a new product into an incretin class is typically the switch rates, people switching from another, incretin to the launch incretin. Those rates will actually go down over time. That's what I would anticipate. The real opportunity here is to grow the market and make sure that, people are being proactive to treat type 2 diabetes.
Thanks, Mike.
Okay.
Dan?
Geoff, thanks for the question on future indications for tirzepatide. There are many that we can consider. As you point out, weight loss and restoration of sort of normal metabolism, which we think may be possible with tirzepatide, is gonna have benefits in a lot of metabolic and obesity-related diseases. How do we pick which ones to pursue and when? I think initially our thinking has been around generating a body of data that shows that a drug such as tirzepatide when driving weight loss can lead to downstream health benefits. That's what drives the MMO study. We have a heart failure study, a sleep apnea study, that are all ongoing.
When we think about adding more, it's sort of where can we see improvements in that medical understanding of the dangers of obesity and the benefits of weight loss and restoration of normal metabolism. That's how we think about it rather than how big is this patient segment or how big is the next patient segment, noting that almost all of those patient segments will already have obesity as an underlying disease, which we expect to have indicated next year as I commented earlier. Finally, I think one more consideration here, Geoff, and one is for us, we see fighting obesity as a long-term goal for Eli Lilly and Company, and so there'll be multiple generations of drugs here, we hope, and we'll have lots of opportunities to contribute to our medical understanding of weight loss.
Thanks, Dan. Lois, next question.
The next question is from Mohit Bansal from Wells Fargo. Please go ahead.
Great. Thanks for taking my question. Maybe one question on Mounjaro growth in obesity. When you talk about 100 million patient population which are obese, not diabetic, I assume you're talking about primary prevention. If you look at the current trials, they are more of secondary prevention type of setting. The question is, how important is getting a primary prevention trial done to get to the broadest patient population in obesity market possible at this point? Thank you.
Thanks, Mohit, for the question. You were a little bit echoey there, but I think we got the gist around the patient population for obesity and how to maximize that opportunity. Mike, do you wanna take that?
Yeah, I'm happy to answer that question. Actually, you know, with obesity, it's actually kind of counter to what typically happens with a product. You know, typically you get it out, it has a finite, you know, patient segmentation. You try to expand that with additional indications. Actually, with obesity, you're gonna have the broadest indication for people who either have a BMI of 27 with a risk factor or a BMI over 30, which is a massive population in the U.S. and globally. The additions of our trials aren't necessarily to expand the patient population, but is to demonstrate that, you know, proactively treating obesity will improve health outcomes in order to drive physicians to write and payers to give access for the product.
Excellent. Thank you.
Mike.
Lois, next question.
The next question is from Seamus Fernandez from Guggenheim. Please go ahead.
Oh, great. Thanks for the question. A couple quick ones. With regard to the North Carolina facility expanding manufacturing capacity, in terms of API versus the actual pens and fill finish manufacturing, can you just update us on what really is the potential, you know, expansion of manufacturing there? It's my understanding that the potential bottleneck is going to be more related to the pen manufacturing. It's my understanding also that this is largely the Trulicity pen, and the Trulicity pen is going to be, you know, the main manufacturing point for pretty much all of your biologic capacity as well as for Trulicity. Just trying to get a better understanding of that.
Then second, just on the insulin, there are a number of questions around the change to the penny rule and how Lilly and competitor Novo are going to manage through that. As you know, many of the insulins could actually be, you know, sort of paying the Medicaid fees for the benefit of actually providing insulin. So just trying to get a better understanding of how Lilly hopes to manage that outcome in particular. It seems wildly unfair to the industry. Thanks.
Thanks, Seamus. I think for the first question on the kind of North Carolina manufacturing facility dynamics, I'll hand over to Dave. Dave, if you want to comment also on the insulin, I think he's referring to the AMP cap dynamics.
I can, and Mike, jump in if I get that wrong. So just to step back on capacity, we did make some comments today related to this. You know, we've taken actions in the quarter to slow demand internationally on Trulicity, primarily because of the constraints by a competitor, which have shifted demand to Trulicity internationally. Should that happen domestically, of course, that will. I think we're just trying to give fair balance to say that, you know, that would be an increase in demand we'd have to manage to as well. But we are producing above our plans right now. We see that continuing. The next step up, Seamus, that we expect in capacity will be North Carolina, which will happen toward the end of next year.
Just for clarity, there's actually two sites in North Carolina, one we announced in 2020 and one more recently down the road in Concord, near Charlotte. That second facility will also come online beginning in 2024, with some capacity in really 2025 more fully. The company's taken some pretty aggressive investment steps, and those steps in North Carolina are focused on what we'll call the parenteral filling and the drug finishing process, which is the device that is used for Trulicity, but also Mounjaro. We take a platform approach. That device is also used for other Lilly biologics and you know, gives us flexibility to match supply and demand more agilely. Although Mike's comments were well placed earlier that it's not perfect.
Like inside of 90 days, we can't perfectly match every SKU to the demand to every SKU produced. It does give us a lot of agility. Those two sites in North Carolina, I'll point out, I think as Anat said, are huge. The first one will literally double our global capacity when it's online, and the second site is a similar size. We've taken some big CapEx decisions, and it looks well placed given the early uptake of Mounjaro, which looks quite substantial. Those do not speak to the API side. API is a different supply chain. We've also taken actions to expand that capacity. It's currently not the bottleneck and is not expected to be the bottleneck, which is the peptide synthesis process we use.
Of course, big caveat around all this is, of course, things can go wrong. Regulatory approvals are required to bring the new sites online in an on-time fashion, but that's our current outlook. As Mike said, long term, we're extremely confident we can supply a massive volume of Trulicity and Mounjaro. But these step ups do take a little bit of time, and should we have a lapse in competitor supply, that will challenge our ability to meet demand. I think that's the main message from today. As it relates to AMP cap, you're right.
That beginning in January of 2024, the cap on payments or rebates to Medicaid programs for medications that have a CPI penalty that pushes them above 100% rebate will be lifted, and we will be required to pay states to use our product in that situation. We have not announced our plans to deal with that, although we're formulating plans to deal with that. Of course, you know, the best thing to do is keep inventing new things, which reset that calculation. You know, as you know, we've got a phase III program for a weekly insulin, and we are progressing efforts on glucose sensing insulin. We've got, I think an exciting new approval on connected care as well.
All those efforts, I think, are the long-term approach. Tactically we'll manage through that event at the end of 2023, early 2024.
Thanks, Seamus, for the question. Lois, next question.
The next question is from Chris Shibutani from Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead.
Yes, thank you. Two questions. One on the obesity opportunity for tirzepatide and the regulatory requirements there. SURMOUNT-3 and 4, I believe, are expected to complete also in the first half of next year. Should we be clear in terms of not anticipating that data from those studies are required or that you'll be planning to submit those to the FDA? And if you were to, would that have any potential implications on the timeline for potential approval and processing? Second, you highlighted some data on Verzenio that we're going to see at SABCS. Can you just maybe contextualize for us what you believe might be the potential impact in terms of the adjuvant metastatic split, and anything in terms of how that might influence the trajectory of Verzenio from a revenue standpoint once we see that data? Thank you.
Thanks, Chris. Okay. For the first question on tirzepatide obesity and the regulatory requirements, SURMOUNT-3 and SURMOUNT-4 will go to Dan, and then we'll go to Jake for the Verzenio San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium preview.
Thanks, Chris. Our understanding is that we'll submit based on SURMOUNT-1 and SURMOUNT-2, as we said, and we don't anticipate needing SURMOUNT-3 and SURMOUNT-4 for that submission, so no implications to timeline from those study readouts.
Jake, do you wanna jump in on Verzenio?
Yeah, sure. As Dan mentioned in the prepared remarks, we conducted a preplanned interim analysis of monarchE, as we had talked about earlier in the year that we were gonna do that. Of course, we looked at all of the endpoints, IDFS, DRFS, and overall survival. We'll be presenting those at San Antonio. Really pleased with what we've seen across the study in both the ITT population cohort one, as well as the currently labeled indication. I think there's two components to think about here. One is, how do the data continue to evolve with increased follow-up? The second is how does the new analysis look as it relates to potentially expanding our labeled indication over time?
Obviously, I wanna be careful about previewing the data themselves, but I think those are the two questions that you ought to think about as you see the data in December.
Thanks, Jake. Thanks, Chris, for the questions. Lois, next question.
Next question is from Colin Bristow from UBS. Please go ahead.
Hey, good morning and congrats on the quarter. Two from my side. First, on obesity, there's been quite a bit of discussion around Amgen's upcoming AMG 133 data. Could you give us your thoughts on GIP agonism versus antagonism? Just on your development side, could you just remind us when we next get updates on triple G and mazdutide? On the alzheimer's side, I'm just wondering on donanemab, was any part of your decision to pursue a discrete dosing strategy with regards to stopping when you achieve amyloid negativity, was any part of that related to anti-drug antibodies? I'm just thinking about this, given there's some data suggesting redosing or maintenance dosing may actually be beneficial. Thank you.
Thanks, Colin. We'll go to Dan on both questions. First one around obesity, Amgen's data, and then the second one around alzheimer's and discrete dosing related to anti-drug antibodies.
Thanks. Starting with how we think about obesity and incretins in general. As much as possible here, our strategy has been to mimic the body's own response to food. Incretins are hormones secreted rather by your gastrointestinal tract in response to eating, which then lead to feelings of satiety and increased calorie expenditure and decreased food intake. That's how they work. GIP is one of the major incretins. It made sense to pursue a strategy of agonism of that hormone.
Probably we'll wait and see Amgen's data to understand if antagonism could also have a surprising effect different than the biological effect of incretins normally in humans. With respect to triple G and mazdutide, I think triple G is our next generation incretin that's further ahead in development. We've previously communicated that we expect to have internal phase two data yet this year and use that data to make a decision whether this proceeds to phase three or not, in which case we might wait for mazdutide data. That thinking is still consistent and on track for yet this year.
The second line of questioning here was around donanemab discrete dosing strategy, and you're referring here to the notion that we pioneered that once plaques are clear, you can stop taking a plaque-clearing antibody. That was based on our understanding of the biology, nothing to do with anti-drug antibodies. Certainly we see it as a benefit for patients to not have to continue to take a drug in the absence of having the target or the disease in their brain that's still ongoing. It's a pretty specific idea to donanemab, remternetug and antibodies that are specific to plaques, because once the plaques are gone, there's nothing for the antibodies to do. Our own data that we've shared show that there is no reversion really of adverse biomarkers in patients who've come off therapy.
So far, the data that we have in hand, although it's still early, supports cessation of dosing as appropriate. We'll look to TRAILBLAZER-ALZ 2 to confirm that hypothesis.
Great. Thank you.
Thanks, Colin, for the question. Lois, next question.
The next question is from David Risinger from SVB Securities. Please go ahead.
Um-
I guess first, although there was 22% coverage in the U.S. in the third quarter, that didn't fully translate into net revenue. Could you provide some more color on why that was the case? Was it because formulary access at the national level may not immediately translate to paid Rx for certain downstream customers of payers because additional negotiations may be required? I thought that might be a factor, and this will help us better understand how to think about the 45% coverage that you have, as of October 1.
Then second, with respect to ex-U.S. sales prospects, I'm not sure if you provided this yet, but could you talk about how we should think about sales to Mitsubishi in the fourth quarter sequentially, and how we should think about ex-U.S. rollout plans in the context of the risk of demand outstripping manufacturing capacity? One other just a quick one, just to tie to the first question about the U.S. sales. There was a comment about 40% of the sales being from stocking, but it wasn't clear if that was a U.S. comment. So if you could just clarify that when you address the first question. Thank you.
Thanks, Dave, for the question. For the first one, we'll go to Mike to discuss a bit about coverage, and I think maybe what you're getting at is around the co-pay card. Then for the second one, we'll go to Ilya to talk about OUS sales prospects and dynamics and timing. Mike.
Okay, thanks, David, for the question. Yeah, the % that was from channel was in a U.S. figure. When you look at our data and you look at, you know, % covered scripts that were paid versus paid through the savings card, that rate since launch has closely matched our access rate. I would say that's the best indicator for, you know, kind of % that are paid versus going through the bridging program.
Thanks, Mike. Ilya, on OUS.
Yeah, maybe first on that Mitsubishi Tanabe and the dynamics of the upfront payment. Basically, the economics are it's the upfront payment, and the future economics would be when we actually start commercializing and selling Mounjaro in the Japan market. That is a one-time upfront payment, and that's how I would look at the economics for the future. In terms of overall commercialization of Mounjaro outside of the U.S., I think one of the aspects that's important for us to determine is ensuring that whenever we enter a market, that we can ensure that we can appropriately supply Mounjaro to the type 2 patients in any given market. We will evaluate that as well as build up our access.
As you may know, for most markets outside the U.S., it takes time, and there's typically a lag between approval and also gaining access to patients for reimbursement. We don't anticipate that being a significant delay in the full commercialization of Mounjaro outside the U.S. Of course, we will look and monitor and ensure that we have adequate supply when we enter a market.
Okay. Thanks, Dave, for the questions. Lois, next question.
The next question is from Louise Chen from Cantor. Please go ahead.
Hi. Thanks for taking my questions here. First question I had for you is how you see the market for all GLP-1s and injectables playing out over time. The second question I had for you is do you think a positive outcome in Novo SELECT study will be enough to convince payers of the opportunity here, or do you think they'll have to look for a broader study like your SURMOUNT-MMO? I don't know if you said this before or not, but will you have an interim look in your SURMOUNT-MMO data? Thank you.
Thanks, Louise. Mike, I'll let you kind of handle both. First one is around what we see for the market for oral GLPs, and then around prospects for a positive SELECT study.
Okay. On the oral GLP market, I mean, in our market research, consumers are very interested in oral products, both in type two diabetes and in obesity. The prospects of an oral anti-obesity product is very attractive. Yeah, we're very encouraged by that opportunity and are excited by our MPA program. As it comes to, you know, the positive CV study, if Novo is able to get that with semaglutide. You know, to me, it's more of an opportunity to show the benefits of the products on the class. I think any additional benefits that are represented by whether it be our trials or Novo trials are going to help the class and help more payers and more healthcare professionals take action on the product.
I think, you know, their trial will provide good information and good data for healthcare professionals and payers. While our trial is a little bit different and we think is a little bit broader in nature, we think that will also expand it. To me, it's not, you know, comparing our study, the SURMOUNT-MMO study versus SELECT. It's more, you know, new information is gonna be good for the class, good for healthcare professionals. You know, we really should be treating obesity a lot more proactive than what we do today, and I think those trials will show the need for that.
Maybe if I could jump on this one because speaking to a lot of analysts, there's a desire to anchor on one event that will then trigger broad commercial access for obesity or not. I don't really think it's gonna play out that way, that already there are commercial payers who reimburse medicines for chronic weight management and obesity. It's a small number. We think as the data accumulates over the course of the balance of the decade, that that will become the norm, just like we expect antihypertensives to be paid for. Of course, the big action might relate to TROA and the government coverage in the U.S. or similar efforts ex-U.S., and those will be more binary.
I wouldn't encourage investors to think about this sort of waiting for one definitive data set, but rather a more accumulating effect over time where commercial access will slowly open up over the next many years due to both Lilly's efforts and others' efforts to prove the health benefits of chronic weight management. Very good. Lois, next question.
The next question is from Andrew Baum from Citi. Please go ahead.
Thank you. A couple of questions, please. First on Remternetug, on the timelines on clinical trials, potentially this drug could be launched as early as 2025 under accelerated approval, one year or so post the introduction of Roche's subcutaneous. Do you expect the evolving Aβ data to result in removing of the existing NCD, in order to allow it to compete effectively? That's the first question. Obviously at that point, you will only have the Aβ lowering data, but it will be subcutaneous potentially. Then second question, just going back to your oral GLP-1 agents, you're about to run blinded both diabetes and obesity phase II trials. Could you talk to how you look at the commercial potential for this market?
It strikes me that the DPP-4 full market is worth about $13 billion, and that's on top of whatever Rybelsus is doing. Once you solve or if you manage to solve the drug interaction, is there not possibility that this could be a very major contributor to your revenue growth independent of Mounjaro going forward?
Thanks, Andrew, for the question. For the first one on Remternetug and the timelines, I maybe hand to Anne to chime in as well as the NCD removal dynamics. For the second one on the commercial potential for oral GLP, we'll go back to Mike.
Thanks so much for the question on remternetug. Obviously, we're excited that we've initiated the phase III program. As you noted, we've started the first study, which is to assess amyloid lowering. We have a broader phase III program that we're initiating as well, looking at the clinical endpoints as we've done for donanemab, but we're excited about what we're seeing so far with remternetug, which is the next generation. You're gonna see us continue to invest in the AD platform going forward, based on donanemab's compelling data and then what we're seeing early with remternetug. As you said, it offers the convenience of an additional dosing form that we think will offer a lot of convenience to patients.
On your question around the NCD, obviously we hope now that CMS, we now have the phase II data from donanemab, which clearly showed clinical benefit as well as clearance of plaque. Now we have the lecanemab data, a large phase III study also showing clinical benefit. Certainly, it's our position that this is time for CMS to reconsider this decision. Certainly we would hope that this is resolved before remternetug reads out. Obviously, the timeline though is not clear, so what you'll see us do, and I'm sure Eisai is doing the same, is as soon as we have that phase III data requesting reconsideration and moving forward. With the evidence that's demonstrated to date, we cannot see a reason that CMS will continue to prevent alzheimer's patients from getting these medicines.
As we've said in the past, we believe CED really is a very restrictive method to provide to the patients who have the disease and also leads to disparity we've seen in care for alzheimer's disease. Certainly I hope that this will be resolved by the time we have remternetug available to patients.
Thanks, Anne. Mike, anything to add in terms of the oral GLP, commercial opportunity?
No, Andrew, I think you're thinking about it correctly. When Rybelsus launched, we expected it to grow the class, not impact the injectable market, and that's exactly what happened. It was more additive to the class. Then as Mounjaro was launched, we only see 1% of Mounjaro's demand coming from Rybelsus or oral GLPs. I think you're right, I think it is additive versus subtractive, and we're very pleased with the opportunity. I think in the oral market, what's gonna be key is, you know, Rybelsus has some, you know, interactions with water and food, which have some dosing limitations, which can impact the efficacy of the product if it's not followed closely, as well as there's a gap between the efficacy of oral Rybelsus and injectables.
I think as you get alternatives in place that doesn't have that food and water interaction, as the efficacy of the orals increase, you'll see the market potential even being higher, and that's exactly what we plan to deliver, hopefully with orforglipron. Thanks.
Thanks, Andrew, for the questions. Lois, next question.
The next question is from Evan Seigerman from BMO Capital Markets. Please go ahead.
Hi, guys. Thank you so much for taking my questions. One on Mounjaro. Seems like it's Mounjaro called. Looking at the outcome trial, can you comment on kind of the relative risk reduction you'd like to see in the primary endpoint? If you can't comment on any of the stats plan, talk more about the need for outcomes to gain payer access over time. My second question is on Clarity AD, and I appreciate your positive comments around the trial, but do you believe the bar for efficacy has been raised with these data? Can you just remind us why you believe that your endpoint iADRS will be sufficient for full FDA approval and any potential coverage by CMS and other payers? Thank you, guys.
Thanks, Evan. For the first question on Mounjaro, the kind of outcomes trials and what we'd need for payer access, I'll hand that over to Mike. Then for the Clarity AD, I'll hand over to Anne.
Okay. Maybe I'll take another shot at obesity access and how we see it develop over time. I think Dave talked about the fact that it's gonna take a steady drumbeat of evidence and every payer, every employer will make their decision independently, and that will grow over time. The other approach that we're taking is we're studying Mounjaro or tirzepatide for other indications for people who live with obesity like heart failure and sleep apnea.
These are indications that are already supported by commercial and Medicare Part D. We believe that as we get access and demonstrate efficacy there and get indications that that in itself will unlock subsets of payer access for people who live with obesity, who have sleep apnea or have heart failure, as we continue to build toward the results of the MMO study. I think it will grow over time, but I think those two events are important events in the life cycle of tirzepatide.
Thanks, Mike. Anne?
Well, thanks for the question on the Clarity AD. Maybe getting to your question, we absolutely see the data that we saw there as clinically meaningful. Clearly patients, families, care partners highly value a delay in loss of independence and abilities. A 20%-30% slowing of the disease initiated in the earliest stage of the disease should mean additional time in the more functional, less impaired stages. We're excited about those results, and we do think that they're clinically meaningful in this space. We look forward, as we've said, to what we'll see with donanemab. There are many reasons that we're extremely confident about donanemab, and those haven't changed.
Obviously it's a positive phase II study that we've been able to reduce the choice of the endpoint that we have in our study, as you commented, patient selection strategy, and then importantly, the speed and the depth of plaque clearance. We remain very confident in what we'll see out of our upcoming readout on TB-2. Your question on iADRS. I think that just as we've said in the past, we believe that iADRS is the most robust endpoint in this space. We've always believed that CDR-Sum of Boxes can be a bit of a noisy endpoint, and so indexing on exact numbers is probably not the best move there. On TRAILBLAZER-ALZ, we powered it for iADRS.
We showed a 32% slowing, which we definitely see as clinically meaningful, and we believe that iADRS will always perform closest to the truth. In a large enough study, we expect all the endpoints will move similarly. We continue to be confident about the choice of the iADRS. We continue to be confident about the TB-2 readout that we'll see in mid-2023.
Okay. Thanks, Evan, for the questions. Lois, next question.
The next question is from Tim Anderson from Wolfe Research. Please go ahead.
Thank you. If I could just stay on alzheimer's for a minute. Just your latest views on the next big readout here coming up, which is the Roche data. To put it bluntly, do you expect that this readout's gonna fail even downstream of lecanemab? It seems to me like you guys are still cautious on that data. What's your latest thinking? Second question. Anat mentioned pushes and pulls in 2023 and something about donanemab. My question is, you know, are you expecting donanemab approval in 2023? Then third question, just your views of the ARIA-E data by lecanemab and whether you think that's important in clinically differentiating, because that does seem to be a real issue that KOLs talk about a lot, and they have the best data so far.
Thanks, Tim. I think you got an extra question in there out of the two. We'll go to Anne maybe to comment high level on Roche and then also on the pushes, pulls for donanemab, expectations for timing, and then finally lecanemab differentiation. Maybe on the Roche, maybe Dan, give your thoughts first.
I think your last question there, Tim, was on ARIA-E rates, which I'll maybe take as well. Again, I think I've said, you know, before there's a number of factors here that can help us in predicting results of amyloid-lowering drugs. Probably the most important one in our view is the degree of amyloid lowering. You know, we're really pleased with what we've seen with donanemab. Lecanemab is probably also a pretty powerful amyloid-lowering drug. Certainly a positive readout from a phase III of one of these three drugs has gotta increase your odds of success of one of, or both of the other two.
I just sort of remind us all that alzheimer's has been a risky area with studies that are sometimes hard to predict. We take some caution. Of course, we'd love to see more positive studies and more news for patients, good news for patients. I think before I turn it over to Anne for the other question, I just sort of take ARIA-E and lecanemab data. I think it's a little bit hard to do cross-trial comparisons of ARIA rates for a couple of reasons that I think are important, maybe we can talk more about at our scientific presentation at CTAD. Just sort of noting that TRAILBLAZER-ALZ 4 is probably the first time anyone's ever done a within-trial comparison of two different drugs to be able to compare ARIA.
Why is that important? When you're looking at two different trials, first of all, you have different patient populations. I think we'll probably learn over time that ARIA rates depend on the stage of disease and are more common in patients with more severe brain pathology. I think that's likely to be true. Second, even in the same population, how you measure ARIA can be very different in different trials. For example, lecanemab has different timings of MRI than donanemab has used. If you have more MRIs or earlier MRIs, as we do, I think you're more likely to pick up more radiographic ARIA. That's another caution on cross-trial comparisons. However, I do see ARIA rates as important, particularly the symptomatic ARIA that results in serious consequences in some patients.
That's probably what we need to focus on, is the serious events rather than radiographic ARIA. Anne?
Yep. I think Dan mentioned during his words that we expect the data readout for TRAILBLAZER-ALZ 2 in mid-2023. Our intention is to submit the data rapidly, and we expect a timely review from the FDA for a supplemental submission. That could lead to a traditional approval in the first half of 2024. We certainly, as I've mentioned, if we expect that, we would drive for reconsideration. We certainly hope that CMS would take that phase III data and not wait for the traditional approval to assess the situation. Maybe I'll share a comment. We expect really limited uptake in the time of accelerated approval, which, as I said, is in early 2023 based on how the CED is currently written. That's the timeline that we're on.
Thanks, Tim, for your question. I think we have two more questions. Lois, next question.
The next question is from Kerry Holford from Berenberg. Please go ahead.
Thank you. Yes, please. Just on SURMOUNT-MMO, following up on there, just keen to understand why you're veering away from the more traditional three-point MACE that's been used in diabetes and the SELECT study. What evidence do you have adding those two additional endpoints? Also why are you exploring all-cause mortality rather than CV death? Do you think the inclusion of those endpoints in your broader eligibility criteria will expedite events? Then secondly, a question on therapeutic focus. You've taken the decision to move your ANGPTL3 into phase two in cardiovascular disease. CV can be, I guess, an expensive, risky therapeutic category to participate in. So assuming phase two is positive, do you anticipate taking these pipelines, the assets, all the way through to market alone, or might you need to consider partnership? Just your thought processes around this development decision would be interesting. Thanks.
Thanks, Kerry. First question on SURMOUNT-MMO design and second one around ANGPTL3 and ASCVD, maybe more in general. Dan?
Yeah. Thanks. Two thoughtful questions there, Kerry. Starting with the SURMOUNT-MMO, you're sort of asking, why aren't we doing a more typical CV outcome studies? You know, of course, you'll know that for drugs and diabetes, there was sort of an FDA requirement around this in the past that sort of focused people's attention on discharging risk. Ultimately, we discovered that certain classes of drugs can actually provide a benefit. Here, we're trying to go even beyond that observation and demonstrate what we believe to be true, which is that correcting obesity and correcting metabolism in these patients can have a wide range of benefits. That's why we've done two things here. We've gone beyond the traditional cardiovascular endpoints. This isn't primarily a cardiovascular drug.
It's a drug that corrects metabolism, and we think that we'll have broader benefits, including, hopefully, and importantly, all-cause mortality. Then second, we've gone to a broader population so that we can show the benefit in that group. That's our thinking here, and I think it's the natural evolution of this class of drugs as we go forward. With respect to ANGPTL3, you ask about our phase II and what do we do if we get a positive result. Of course, the reason we do these phase II trials is to look for promising drugs for patients. I think in cardiovascular, you rightly point out that it's a high-risk area with big phase III studies that sometimes carry risk into them.
In this case, there's, you know, a reasonable understanding of this mechanism and how to translate from 2 to 3, phase II to phase III. Still, what we're focused on is finding a large effect size drug here. If we can see a big effect in phase II that would predict a positive strong signal in a phase III cardiovascular outcome study, then that's exactly what we'll do. In terms of whether that's something Lilly does alone or partners, it's probably premature to talk about anything like that.
Thanks, Kerry. Lois, you wanna take the last question?
That's from Robyn Karnauskas from Truist Securities. Please, one moment. Please go ahead with your question.
Great. Thank you. I guess my first question is on Mounjaro. So we talked, you talked the whole call, I think, about supply and trends, but can you talk a little bit about the individual dosing, like what doses are being used the most? And you know, if you do incur like a higher than what you predict demand, what dosage levels might be greatest impacted? I think you had 30% switching and 70% new. So is the low doses that would go first or the mid doses? And second, on alzheimer's, we're hearing a lot of doctors say that you have the mind share of the voice for A-beta class drugs. Can you talk a little bit about what you think is the most important thing that resonates with doctors? Is it sub-Q? Is it frequent dosing?
Is it the magnitude of benefit as we think about, the speed of uptake once the whole drug is reimbursed? Thanks.
Thanks, Robyn. Mike, do you wanna handle the question on the dosing dynamics? With regard to AD and that mind share question, Anne will field that. Mike?
Yeah, I'm happy to answer that question. You know, I think, you know, dosing titration in the real world is different than our clinical studies. In our clinical studies, we needed to test, you know, what the dose response was gonna be at five, 10, and 15. In our clinical studies, we titrated every four weeks up to additional doses in order to be able to have expedited trials and show the benefit. In real world, what you see is that people will start on a dose. They start at 2.5, they'll go to 5, and then what we're seeing is that, you know, physicians will hold there, see how the response in 5 mg provides, you know, really good efficacy for people living with type 2 diabetes. If they need more, then they'll escalate the dose.
It may not be at the four-week mark, it may be at a three-month mark. Those trends are still establishing the marketplace, but the vast majority of our volume is in the 2.5 and 5 mg. I wanna make sure you're not reading too much into my earlier comments around, you know, shortages at any particular dose. My comments earlier were just saying, "Hey, there's a lot of factors that's going on. There's a lot of dynamics. You've gotta plan your manufacturing down at the SKU dosing levels, you know, a month or two ahead of actually when it's for use." Will every dose line up perfectly with what the demand is needed for that week in the marketplace? It may not.
If it does, then a dose or two may not be able to, you know, hit the order that week and then we'll adjust quickly, and our team will work very closely and very hard to make sure it doesn't impact patients.
Great. Thanks for the comment on having the mind share. We appreciate that. I think as I reflect on that question, which is a good one, I think it's built over the decades that we've been investing in the alzheimer's space. We've been at this for more than 30 years, invested quite a bit of time and resources in this. I think it led to first of all, diagnostics being significantly evolved in this space with the launch of Amyvid and now we have Tauvid. We also intend to launch a p-tau blood diagnostic next year, which could really improve access and diagnosis of these patients. I think it starts out there with showing our commitment to making sure that the right patients get on these therapies.
I do believe that was one of the pivot points for how we now have successful trials in this space by the ability to really confirm that people have this diagnosis. All of that learning over the years, all of the insights from the trials that we've had, some of the setbacks that we experienced led to the first positive trial that has happened in this space with TRAILBLAZER-ALZ, showing both significant and rapid clearance of amyloid plaque, but then most importantly to everyone, showing that truly slows the progression of the disease. It's really, I think some of that mind share is built on the commitment that we've shown to this space, the commitment we've had to making sure that patients truly get diagnosed in that.
That's what we're spending a lot of time in the first few months, certainly of next year as we work towards access for these patients, is to make sure that we can drive early and accurate diagnosis. We're so pleased with how donanemab has continued to perform. As I said, we believe, and I think lecanemab's results, you know, reinforce what we saw in TRAILBLAZER-ALZ, is that, you know, clearance of plaque is the key to this disease, and we know that donanemab does that. We look forward to sharing the TB-4 data at CTAD. I think you'll see how that reinforces what we saw in TRAILBLAZER-ALZ and then the design and what we believe will be the performance in TB-2.
I think that we deserve that mind share, but I think it's been earned over many years of supporting and investing in this space that has led to positive trials for us and for others. It's rewarding, I think, for many of the scientists here to see the culmination of this. But again, exciting times, cusp of real meaningful movement for people with alzheimer's disease and we really look forward to that readout next year and our accelerated approval early next year as well. Thank you.
Thanks, Robyn, for the question. Lois?
I think we're done here.
Oh, we're done.
There's no further questions. Thank you.
Thank you for.
All right. Thanks, Joe, and thanks to the rest of the Lilly team. Appreciate everyone hanging with us on today's call, and for your interest in our company. Please follow up with the IR team if you have any questions that we did not address. Everyone, have a great day. Thanks.
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