Good morning, and welcome to the Markel Corporation First Quarter 2016 conference call. All participants will be in listen only mode. Should you need assistance, please signal a conference specialist by pressing the star key followed by zero. After today's presentation, there will be an opportunity to ask questions. To ask a question, you may press star then one on your touch-tone phone. To withdraw your question, please press star then two. During the call today, we may make forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. They are based on current assumptions and opinions concerning a variety of known and unknown risks. Actual results may differ materially from those contained in or suggested by such forward-looking statements.
Additional information about factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements is included under the captions risk factors and safe harbor and cautionary statement in our most recent annual report on Form 10-K and quarterly report on Form 10-Q. We may also discuss certain non-GAAP financial measures in the call today. You may find a reconciliation to GAAP of these measures in the Form 10-Q, which can be found on our website at www.markelcorp.com in the investor information section. Please note this event is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to Tom Gayner, Co-Chief Executive Officer. Please go ahead.
Thank you, Allison. Good morning, everyone, and welcome to the 2016 first quarter conference call for Markel Corporation. My name is Tom Gayner, and I am joined by my colleagues, Anne Waleski, Mike Crowley, and Richie Whitt. Anne will brief you on the financial results. Mike and Richie will discuss our insurance operations, and then I will return with comments on our investment results and Markel Ventures. As always, we thank you for your interest and support of Markel, and we look forward to your questions. With that, Anne.
Thank you, Tom, and good morning, everyone. Our first quarter results were very strong and are in many ways a continuation of the trend that we saw in 2015 with our investing, underwriting, and Markel Ventures operations all contributing to our success. I am also pleased to report that we have substantially completed the integration of two acquisitions that were closed late last year, reporting our first results during the quarter for both Markel CATCo and CapTech. Now let's talk about our first quarter 2016 results. Total operating revenues grew 6% to just under $1.4 billion in 2016 from $1.3 billion in 2015. The increase is driven by a roughly 18% increase in revenue from Markel Ventures. This increase is primarily due to our acquisition of CapTech in the fourth quarter of 2015 and higher sales volume in our manufacturing operations.
Moving into the underwriting results, gross written premiums were $1.4 billion for the first quarter of 2016 compared to $1.3 billion in 2015, an increase of 11%, driven primarily by an increase within our reinsurance segment. The increase in the reinsurance segment was due to new business and renewals of multi-year policies in our general liability and property lines. In the U.S. insurance segment, there was increased volume due to a later closing of our underwriting systems in the first quarter of 2016 as compared to the same period a year ago. Excluding the impact of this timing difference, we experienced growth in our personal lines business as well as our general liability and property product lines. Foreign currency movements did not have a material impact on premiums in the quarter. Market conditions remain very competitive.
Consistent with our historical practices, we will not rate business when we believe prevailing market rates will not support our underwriting profit targets. Net written premiums for the first quarter of 2016 were $1.2 billion, up 14% from the prior year for the same reasons I just discussed. Net retention increased two points to 85% in 2016 compared to 83% in 2015. The increase was due to higher retentions in our reinsurance segment, primarily on our property books. Earned premiums increased 1% to $958 million for the first quarter of 2016. The timing difference I just mentioned had a negligible impact on earned premium. The growth was driven by the higher volumes generated by our personal lines business as well as our general liability and property product lines. Our consolidated combined ratio for the first quarter of 2016 was an 88% compared to an 83% last year.
The increase in the combined ratio was driven by five points less favorable development in the prior accident year loss ratio in 2016 compared to 2015. For the first quarter of 2016, prior year redundancies were $118 million compared to $167 million for the same period a year ago. As you may recall, redundancies on prior year loss reserves in the first quarter of 2015 included $36 million or four points attributable to a decrease in the estimated volatility of our consolidated net reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses as a result of ceding a significant portion of our asbestos and environmental exposures to a third party. In our U.S. insurance segment, we experienced more favorable development on our general liability product lines in 2016 compared to a year ago, which was more than offset by the adverse development on our specified medical and medical malpractice product lines.
In response, we've increased our required rates for business written in the affected classes. In our International Insurance segment, redundancies on our marine and energy product lines were lower in 2016 compared to 2015. The combined ratio for the first quarter of 2016 was favorably impacted by a three-point improvement in the current accident year loss ratio, partially offset by a two-point deterioration in the expense ratio. The improvement in the current accident year loss ratio was due to lower attritional losses and lower loss ratios across a number of products in all three of our underwriting segments. The higher expense ratio is primarily due to higher commission expense and higher incentive compensation costs in 2016 compared to 2015. I'll move into the results of Markel Ventures. During the first quarter of 2016, revenues from Markel Ventures were $287 million compared to $245 million a year ago.
This increase in revenue is primarily due to our acquisition of CapTech in the fourth quarter of 2015 and to higher sales volumes in our manufacturing operations. Net income to shareholders from Markel Ventures for the period was $14 million, compared to just under $11 million for the first quarter of 2015. EBITDA was $41 million in 2016 compared to $34 million in 2015. Net income to shareholders and the EBITDA reflect the contribution of earnings from CapTech and continued increased demand for transportation-related equipment within our manufacturing operations, a trend we also saw in 2015. Turning to our investment results, investment income decreased slightly from $93 million for the first quarter of 2015 to $91 million this year. The decrease was primarily due to lower bond income on our fixed maturity portfolio due to the timing of maturities and purchases compared to the same period of 2015.
During 2016, we continued to purchase equity securities and also allocated funds for purchases of fixed maturities. Net realized gains for the first quarter of 2016 were $21 million compared to $6 million a year ago. Given our long-term focus, variability in the timing of realized and unrealized gains and losses is to be expected. Looking at total results for the year, our effective tax rate was 24% in the first quarter of 2016 compared to 19% a year ago. The increase in the effective tax rate in 2016 was driven by a decrease in foreign tax credits for foreign taxes paid, partially offset by a decrease in the estimated earnings taxed at a 35% tax rate in 2016 compared to 2015. As you may recall, our anticipated recognition of foreign tax credits in 2015 had a favorable impact on our 2015 effective tax rate of approximately 8%.
These foreign tax credits had not previously been available for use on our U.S. provision for income taxes. Foreign tax credits of this magnitude are not expected to be recognizable in future periods. We reported net income to shareholders of $160 million in the first quarter of 2016 compared to $191 million a year ago. Comprehensive income for the period was $397 million compared to $282 million a year ago, and book value per share at the end of March 2016 was $590, an increase of 5% since the end of 2015. I'll make a few final comments about cash flows and the balance sheet. Net cash used by operating activities was $105 million for the first three months of 2016 compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $23 million for the same period of 2015.
Net cash used by operating activities for the first quarter of 2016 included higher claim payments, higher payments for employee profit sharing, and income taxes compared to the same period of 2015. Operating cash flows in 2015 were net of a roughly $70 million payment made in connection with the asbestos and environmental transaction that I previously mentioned. Historically, first quarter is our lowest cash-generating quarter based on the timing associated with incentive compensation payments to our associates and to our brokers. Invested assets at the holding company were $1.4 billion at March 31st, 2016, compared to $1.6 billion at December 31st, 2015. The decrease is partially related to the timing of intercompany settlements. With that, I will turn it over to Mike to talk about our U.S. Insurance segment.
Thanks, Anne. Good morning. The U.S. segment is off to a very solid start in 2016. As a reminder, this segment comprises all direct business written on our U.S. insurance companies and includes all of the underwriting results for our wholesale and specialty divisions, as well as certain products written by our global insurance team. Gross written premiums for the U.S. segment were $648 million, an increase of $62 million or 11% compared to prior year. This increase was primarily due to the timing of closing of our underwriting systems for the quarter. However, excluding the additional booking time in the quarter, all divisions recorded modest growth. We continue to see growth in our Hagerty Classic Car program and our workers' comp product lines within our specialty division, as well as our property and casualty lines in the wholesale division.
Within the wholesale division, we saw growth from both our binding and brokerage distribution channels. Another encouraging factor for our wholesale division was the fact that 11 of our 12 largest relationships grew in the quarter. The combined ratio for the first quarter of 2016 was 89%, compared to 84% for the same period a year ago. The five-point increase in the combined ratio is primarily driven by less favorable development of prior accident year loss reserves, and a slightly higher expense ratio, both of which were partly offset by a lower current accident year loss ratio. The first quarter of 2016 had six points less favorable development on prior accident year loss reserves compared to 2015. Last year's results included $19 million or four points of redundancy on prior accident years due to the reduction in the estimated volatility of our net loss reserves.
Additionally, during 2016, we saw adverse development within our medical malpractice and specified medical product lines due to increased claim frequencies on some classes of business. The current accident year was favorable to last year due to lower loss ratios across a number of product lines, as Anne discussed in her comments. The rate environment continues to be very competitive. Rates for smaller accounts were flat in the quarter. Large accounts in our global business remained a battlefield, with reductions in modest single digits. In an effort to combat the competitiveness of the market, we enjoyed some success with new ways to sell our products. We're working with several large brokers on their initiatives to become more efficient in their delivery of our products to their clients. We're also participating in a new underwriting facility for property coverage and expect to see more of these facilities in the future.
We're also exploring layered bundling approaches, including a number of lines of coverage for large accounts. There were two key personnel changes in January. Robin Russo was promoted to Deputy Chief Underwriting Officer. Robin joined Markel in July of 1999. He has served in various key underwriting roles at Markel, including Senior Vice President and Chief Underwriting Officer of Markel Insurance Company. Since 2010, he has served as Executive Underwriting Officer in the Product Line Group, assisting Gerard Albanese with developing and implementing underwriting strategies and best practices across Markel North America. Also in January, Linda Schreiner joined Markel as Senior Vice President of Strategic Management. Previously, Linda was Chief Human Resource Officer and Chief Administrative Officer of MeadWestvaco Corporation. During her 15-year tenure at MeadWestvaco, Linda served as a strategic advisor to the board and managed succession planning and talent management, as well as communications and global facilities.
As previously announced, Linda will assume the additional duties of Chief Human Resource Officer of Markel later in the year. Markel's ability to fill these key positions from within, combined with our ability to attract top talent for expanded roles, remains a very important strength of our organization. I'll now turn it over to Richie.
Thanks, Mike. Good morning, everyone. Today, I'll focus my comments on underwriting results for the first quarter for both international insurance and the reinsurance segments. Both segments are off to a very strong start and produced outstanding underwriting results for the first quarter. First, I'll start with the international insurance segment, which includes business written by our Markel International division, as well as certain products written by our global insurance division. Gross written premiums were relatively flat to prior year at $291 million for the first quarter of 2016. As has been said a number of times already, market conditions continue to be difficult, especially in London and in our global property products. I'll speak a little more about these headwinds later in my comments. The first quarter combined ratio was 95%, compared to 73% for the same period a year ago.
The increase in the segment combined ratio for the quarter was primarily driven by less favorable prior accident year takedowns in 2016. Prior accident year losses were unfavorable by 23 points for the quarter, driven by lower redundancies, most notably in our marine and energy lines. The segment also saw a benefit in the first quarter of 2015 related to the decrease in the estimated volatility of our net loss reserves. That contributed $17 million or eight points, and previously referred to that. The expense ratio increased three points compared to the first quarter of 2015 due to a two-point increase in variable expenses related to an increase in earned premiums during the quarter on our marine and energy lines. Those lines carry a higher commission rate. Finally, these unfavorable movements were partially offset by a five-point increase in our current accident year loss ratio.
This was primarily driven by lower attritional losses on our property product lines. Similar to earlier comments, we've seen a decrease in our ultimate loss ratio picks across multiple product lines in both divisions in the first quarter. Next, I'll discuss the results of the reinsurance segment, which includes treaty reinsurance program written by our global reinsurance division, as well as those written by our Markel International division. For the first quarter, gross written premium for this segment are up about $75 million or 20% compared to the first quarter of 2015. This growth is driven by a few large quota share reinsurance treaties within our property and general liability products, as well as several two-year treaties in general liability. Given how large quota share treaties can be, quarterly gross written premium can and will be volatile.
In addition, when multi-year treaties are written, current period gross written premium benefits from this one-time increase. While we're certainly pleased with the results for the quarter, we continue to see extremely difficult market conditions and would not expect such significant growth during the rest of the year. The combined ratio for the reinsurance segment was 82% for the first quarter of 2016 as compared to 89% for the same period last year. The seven-point reduction in the combined ratio was driven by a decrease in both our current and prior accident year loss ratios. The current accident year loss ratio decreased five points due to lower ultimate loss picks across multiple product lines, as well as less earned premium from auto reinsurance business, which carries a higher loss ratio.
You'll probably recall, we talked a lot last year about the fact that we made the decision to reduce our auto writings due to poor results. Prior accident year favorable loss development was $10 million higher in 2016 due to higher takedowns in our property and marine and energy product lines. Finally, these favorable movements were partially offset by a three-point increase in our reinsurance segment expense ratio. The increase over prior years relates to higher profit sharing in 2016, as well as higher variable expenses related to mix of business. I'll make a couple more quick comments on competition. Market conditions remain challenging, with London Market and large account business under the most pressure. Competition, as I previously had said, also remains strong in the reinsurance market. The rate of the price decline has slowed and actually, in a few cases, has stabilized on the reinsurance side.
Finally, I'd like to make a few comments about our Markel CATCo operations. Anthony Belisle and the team are off to a fast start as part of Markel. Assets under management were approximately $3.2 billion at the end of the first quarter. This is roughly a 19% increase from where CATCo finished 2015. Through various subsidiaries, it's also worth noting that Markel has invested $200 million in the Markel CATCo funds. Pricing for the Markel CATCo multi-peril product was largely flat during the first quarter of 2016. With that, I'll turn it over to Tom. Thank you.
Thank you, Richie. I'm happy to report to you that we're off to a good start in 2016. As we've talked about before, Markel benefits from a comprehensive approach to building the values of this company for our clients and customers and our associates. In doing so, we build financial value for our shareholders. We describe the values of this company in the Markel Style when we talk about our belief in hard work and pursuit of excellence while keeping a sense of humor. We also constantly reiterate our creed of honesty and fairness in all of our dealings. There is no more important message that I could give you this morning than to tell you that we followed that formula to a T during the first quarter of 2016. We do so constantly.
All of the numbers and the results flow from that description and pledge as to how we conduct ourselves. The pace of change in business continues to accelerate, and I can assure you that we are working harder than ever and have several new and appropriate initiatives to power Markel Group forward. Financial results from any one quarter or any one year are inherently volatile. Things like weather, financial market volatility, and competitor behavior are beyond our control and can highly influence short-term results. That said, it's always more fun to report good results than bad ones, and the first quarter was filled with good results. Comprehensively, there are three main engines at Markel Group that build financial value: our insurance operations, our investment activities, and Markel Ventures. Fortunately and pleasantly, all three engines powered positive results as we start this year.
Anne gave you the overall numbers, and Mike and Richie described our insurance operations. On the investment side of the house, we earned 3.6% on our equity investments and 2.4% on our fixed income holdings, with a total return from the portfolio of 3.1%. Foreign currency actually gave us a little bit of a boost this year in our investment returns compared to the negative effects in four of the last five years. As a reminder, we try our best to match our foreign currency assets to our foreign currency liabilities to maintain an economically neutral position from changes in currency. On March 31, equities represented 52% of our shareholders' equity, compared with 51% at year-end. We continue to invest in a methodical fashion and expect to increase that percentage over time. Historically, we've invested between 50 and 80% of our shareholders' equity in equities.
Over the last year, we've had a higher degree of turnover in the portfolio than normal, which reflects our view that the landscape for business is changing at a faster pace than historically was the case. When we buy, we tend to accumulate gradually and persistently over time. We use dollar-cost averaging and periodic and regular purchasing to gradually build positions in line with our understanding of the businesses involved and the prices at which they are available. When we exit a position, we tend to sell it relatively quickly. The net of this behavior is that despite our buying, our overall equity exposure remained relatively unchanged during the quarter. Over time, we continue to expect the increase in the overall equity weighting as we find investable ideas and continue to produce cash from our insurance, investing, and Markel Ventures activities.
In our fixed income operations, we earned a bit more than the coupon as interest rates continued to move lower. I commented in previous quarters that you needed an electron microscope to see the current levels of interest rates. Now, even an electron microscope can't spot them. Now you need a theory. I remember that it was hard learning about negative numbers in fifth grade. I'm finding it even harder to understand them as a grownup as they pertain to interest rates. Fortunately, I figured out negative numbers and made it to the sixth grade, eventually. We will all do so as well with negative interest rates. We remain as high quality as we know how to be in our fixed income portfolio, and we have no credit issues to report to you. We'll try to keep it that way.
The duration of our portfolio, slightly over four years, that roughly matches our insurance liabilities. We plan to stay that way for the time being. At Markel Ventures, revenues increased to $287 million compared to $245 million a year ago. EBITDA increased to $41 million compared to $34 million. I couldn't be happier about how the Markel Ventures organization is performing. We're enjoying strong results in particular from our transportation related businesses. These businesses are and will remain cyclical in nature, it is important to make hay while the sun shines, they are doing so. There's nothing more that I could ask of them. Our steady Eddie businesses are living up to their reputations and producing solid results, the businesses where we face some challenges are actually showing some signs of improvement in 2016.
Overall, I continue to be very pleased with the results from Markel Ventures, we would be happy to add additional companies to the fold, should we find appropriately priced opportunities to do so. While overall market prices for acquisitions remain elevated, we will remain patient, yet confident that things will come our way. Net-net 2016 is off to a great start in insurance, investments, Markel Ventures. We are optimistic that, as it says in the Markel Style, the hard work and jealous pursuit of excellence, along with our creed of honesty and fairness in all our dealings, whilst keeping a sense of humor, will produce results we can all be proud of over time. With that, I wish you Happy Star Wars Day. May the Fourth be with you. We would now be delighted to take your questions. Thank you.
We will now begin the question and answer session. To ask a question, you may press star, then one on your touch-tone phone. If you are using a speakerphone, please pick up your handset before pressing the keys. To withdraw your question, please press star, then two. At this time, we will pause for a moment to assemble our roster. Our first question will come from Jeff Schmitt of William Blair. Please go ahead.
Hi. Good morning, everyone.
Good morning.
Looking at Markel Ventures, the EBITDA margin moved up over 14%, looks to be about 14.5%. Net profit margin at 5%. These look like the highest numbers, at least of the available historical information. What's driving that? Is the Cottrell deal driving that, or is there something else?
Yeah, Jeff, it's Tom. The EBITDA margins are the more meaningful thing to look at as opposed to net income. Net income is heavily influenced by purchase accounting and the younger the business that's been part of Markel, the more purchase accounting will distort that number. EBITDA is what we look at. That's the key performance indicator, and I would encourage you to focus on that. That number probably will range from some mild double-digit number to something in the teens. It's dependent on the mix of businesses that we own, any acquisitions that we would do, and what sort of cyclical performance we would see from time to time in the businesses that do have more cyclicality to it.
It's a good quarter, but these are the sort of margins that we would expect and be pretty happy about, when conditions are reasonably good as they are right now.
Do you view these levels as more of a run rate going forward? They're above historical levels.
They, I would think, are appropriate to think of as a run rate over long periods of time, but there will be a lot of volatility in it quarter by quarter, just the nature of the business.
Yeah.
Just like the insurance business. Net-net-net, we don't judge ourselves or think about quarters too much. We think about rolling five-year periods and things like that, and over rolling five-year periods. Yeah. Low to mid-teens EBITDA margins sound good to me.
Okay. Thank you.
Our next question will come from John Fox of Fenimore. Please go ahead.
Okay. Thank you. Hello, everyone.
Good morning , John.
My question specifically, I think, is for Richie. There were a lot of good surprises in the results, but I was surprised by the amount of reinsurance gross written, reinsurance premiums. Certainly, it is well known that reinsurance premiums have been heading down, particularly on the property side, for a few years, and you mentioned retaining more of the property business. Could you just talk about the growth in reinsurance premiums, why you are writing more property at this point as rates have been declining, and what you think the risks are in the property book at this point? Thank you.
Sure. Yeah. Thanks, John. Like I tried to say in my comments, I think the headline number of 20% is probably a little more flattering than it really is. We had a couple large quota share deals that
The timing just happened to be that we got them in the first quarter, they sort of pumped up the first quarter volumes. A couple of those situations, one in particular, we have been working on for three years, and we finally were able to put the deal together, and that fell into the first quarter. There is a decent amount of timing there. In addition, we had quite a few, as it has become more and more popular, just kind of with where the market is of multi-year deals. We had a number of two-year deals that we booked in the first quarter. What basically happens is, in terms of gross written premium, that all gets put into the quarter in which you write the deal. First quarter has been flattered by those deals.
First quarter next year will be lower as a result of not having that premium in the first quarter next year. We definitely had a good first quarter in terms of writings. At the same time, we also stepped away from a number of programs or reduced on programs where we weren't comfortable with where the pricing had gotten to. I would expect as the year progresses, you won't see that kind of growth for the rest of the year. I would see us trending more down towards basically what we wrote last year, I think would be a good guess based on what I see today.
Okay, great. How do you think about when you come into the year, the amount of property cat reinsurance you're willing to write? Of course, there's a concept of PMLs, of course. How do you guys think about it in terms of kind of quote, unquote, "What you're willing to lose if there's a large event or two?" Just how do you approach the property cat business risk?
Sure. Well, we set on various metrics of corporate appetite. How much we're willing to lose in a certain size event, how much of our shareholders' equity we're willing to expose. We monitor those metrics very carefully. I can tell you, just given the state of the property market and as you mentioned, what's been happening in the last few years, we're well below what our appetite would be in a better pricing environment. We're well within those metrics today. Property, I don't think we've written much, probably about flat to last year in total or what we think we'll write this year. There was some timing differences in terms of the first quarter bookings.
We're, as I said, well below our theoretical maximum appetite in a better market, and I don't really see us pushing the gas pedal, to speak, as we go through this year.
Okay. Thank you.
Again, to ask a question, please press star, then one to enter the queue. Our next question will come from Mark Dwelle of RBC Capital Markets. Please go ahead.
Yeah, good morning. I have kind of three questions, I guess. The first one relates to the U.S. business. You had commented about a timing difference there in terms of keeping the underwriting book open or something. Can I just clarify on that? Did that essentially borrow premiums out of what would have been the second quarter and book them into the first quarter, such that the two together would end up being more of a flat run rate? Is that the right way to think of that?
Yeah, that is right, Mark. It's light. We had an extra week of bookings. Even excluding that extra week, the divisions were up slightly.
Okay. There was a little bit of growth in the quarter, the difference between a little bit and 11% or whatever the total was, is really almost entirely that extra week.
Yeah.
Okay.
Yeah, I think that's a good assessment. We had, like I say, modest single-digit growth excluding that.
Okay. All right. The second question, I guess this is in the other revenues and expenses table in the queue. You break out the investment management segment, which I guess I assume is probably the CATCo unit. That unit showed a small loss for the quarter. Was there a certain amount of acquisition or integration-related expenses? Or I guess I wouldn't assume that making a loss is your normal state of play in that unit.
No, that wouldn't be the goal, I can assure you, Mark. You're right, that is a portion of it. I think this first year will be a learning experience for everybody to kind of get used to the pattern of earnings on CATCo. There's a couple things going on. There's a seasonality to the earning of the management fees at CATCo, and first quarter and fourth quarter are the lowest. Second and third quarter are the highest, kind of corresponding with when the wind risk is in the portfolio. Relatively low management fees compared to what we'll see in the next two quarters at CATCo. That's part of it. You mentioned, and you are correct, there are some acquisition costs, related costs going through this year. Staff bonuses, incentive plan bonuses, those will be recurring for the rest of the year.
Probably the biggest thing is we're only recognizing in revenue the management fees as we go through the year. If we get through the year and have a solid year in the fourth quarter at the stroke of midnight on December 31st, we will go ahead and recognize performance fees as well. There is some leeway in terms of accounting. We chose the preferred method, which was wait until you're absolutely certain it's earned. Our fourth quarter has the potential to be where most of the revenue is booked into CATCo.
Okay. That's helpful. Probably not something I can easily model in advance, but at least it understands how the flow of the numbers is going to go.
We hope the ball dropping in Times Square means a lot to us this year because
All right then. The last question I had, and I think you touched on it in terms of the tax rate. The tax rate in the quarter was sort of in the in-between space between sort of where it used to be and where it was last year. Could you just go through again what benefit, if any, was from the foreign tax paid in the quarter?
Well, last year we had benefit from the foreign tax credits of about, I think, 8%. This year, you're right, we're sort of at the level we are. We're a little bit lower than we have been historically, but moving back into that space, 24%. I think it would be our expectation that we would be in the mid to high 20s this year.
Okay. The factor that was making it a little bit lower this quarter was a little more one-time in nature than being part of just kind of the ongoing assessment.
No, that would have been the impact to last year's number. The comparison would be the 24% this quarter versus the 19% last quarter.
Last year.
Last year's first quarter. Last year's first quarter would have benefited from those tax credits that we took advantage of.
Okay. I probably asked the question poorly. If you're going to get to a mid to high 20s for the full year, the balance of the year will need to be relatively higher than the first quarter. Is that a fair way to think of it?
No, I don't think so. I think the 24% is our expected tax rate for the year. It's a little bit lower than we would have historically had, and that is being driven by a decrease in earnings that we expect to be taxed at a 35% rate.
Okay. All right. Thanks for that. Those are all my questions. Thank you.
Our next question is a follow-up from John Fox of Fenimore. Please go ahead.
Yeah, I figured people can only take so much cat reinsurance, so I went back in the queue. Could you talk about CATCo? You mentioned they're up to $3 billion in AUM. Can you talk about if there's a wind event, what are the risks to Markel Group? I assume there's some management fee, then you mentioned you have $200 million invested in the fund. In a wind event, what are the risks of the CATCo investment? Thank you.
Sure. Thanks, John. You're right. I think the way to think about CATCo and what it means to Markel Group is one revenue stream is as an investment manager, fund manager. The other revenue stream would be to the extent we invest in the CATCo funds. As I mentioned, as you'll see in the queue, this year we have invested $200 million into the CATCo funds. Those will be the two revenue streams. That's what we'll be recording in our financials as we go throughout the year. Also in terms of the investment manager, there's really two pieces to it. There's the management fee, which we'll book quarterly, then there is the performance fee if performance is good, that will be booked in the last quarter of the year.
In terms of the $200 million investment we've made in CATCo, the potential is there would need to be multiple events, the potential is we could lose the entire $200 million. That is the same for virtually any other investor in CATCo. There is a slight complication to that. We have multiple funds, in some of the funds, we actually do go out and hedge some of the risk for the investors in those funds. Their results could be slightly different as a result of that. In a multi-event, large event scenario, Markel Group could lose the entire investment. That is highly unlikely. In a one event, sort of large event loss, we could lose as much as approximately $50 million of the $200 million.
CATCo's product, just not to get into great detail, CatCo's product is a little different than most other cat products out there, as opposed to a single shot retro sort of product. It is a multi-peril product, you can have up to four losses against the product, the entire limit does not erode unless you have up to those four losses. Give you a little bit of background on it, if you need more information on it, happy to talk to you offline, John.
Okay. Just curious, the $200 million is where on the balance sheet?
In the investment portfolio.
In equity investments or?
I think $175 million of it, John, is in equity, and the other is in equity method, so it's in other.
That's close enough.
Got it.
Then, the $44 million early extinguishment of debt, is that pre-tax?
Yes, it's pre-tax, and it will come through in the second quarter.
Right. Thank you.
Our next question is from Mark Hughes of SunTrust. Please go ahead.
Hi, this is actually Kevin Alley on for Mark Hughes. Just a question about current accident year loss. They seem kind of lower generally across the board. Is that a sustainable level or is this more of a one-time phenomenon?
I think it is a trend we started to see in the fourth quarter a little bit. We think it is attritional losses as well as lower loss ratios across product lines. We believe it's sustainable, but we will look at it every quarter.
Great. Thank you.
Our next question will come from Rob Hoff of Wells Fargo Securities. Please go ahead.
Yeah, good morning. Had a quick question on the large quota share that you mentioned. I'm curious, was that with a new or existing customer to Markel?
That was a new customer. It was a customer we had been courting for probably three years now, and we're finally able to break through and have success. That's sort of the nature of that business. There's a long lead time sometimes on putting those deals together, and when they come, they can be pretty substantial. That was roughly a $20 million deal in the first quarter.
Okay, great. Thank you very much. I don't want to focus too much on this, but just if you could give us a little bit of color on the adverse development in the medical lines. Was that concentrated in certain accident years? Was it concentrated in certain customer types? Had it emerged from any color you can give us on that would be helpful.
Yeah, sure. I think there's some specific areas we saw, and then I think also there's some general trend there. The specific areas we saw were some areas like correctional medicine. We saw some uptick in losses in that area, and that's an area we've written a decent amount of premium in in the past. The other thing I would just say is just the general state of healthcare. There's been a trend from solo practitioners into larger practices into practices being brought into hospitals. I don't think we've got our hands totally around it at this point, but we do believe that is leading to higher trend in terms of the medical lines. We're looking at it very carefully. We've taken a lot of corrective actions, and we think we're on top of it.
Great. Last question. I was wondering if you could just update us on your thoughts on the M&A landscape, whether it be valuations, the pipeline you guys are being shown, or whether or not you're seeing better opportunities in the underwriting business versus the ventures business. Thanks.
In general, prices are high across the board, whether we're looking at insurance deals or ventures deals. We do see a flow. Fortunately, we're well known enough to be aware of a lot of transactions, and we are anxious to add to the Markel family, but not at these prices.
Great. Thank you very much.
The only thing I'll add to that is, and Tom's absolutely right, prices do seem to be high across the board, and expectations seem to be high across the board. Probably the other side of that coin, at least in insurance, is organic growth is going to be very, very difficult to come by. If you are setting out growth targets for yourself, acquisition is the other way to do it. At some point, people will come to a meeting of the minds on that, and we might see some deals. Right now, I think just given what the future looks like, people expect a little too much for their companies.
Makes sense. Thank you.
Having no further questions, this will conclude our question and answer session. I would like to turn the conference back over to Tom Gayner for any closing remarks.
Thank you very much. Glad you joined us. We look forward to chatting with you next quarter. Take care.
The conference has now concluded. Thank you for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect your lines.