I would like to turn the call over to Chris Suh, General Manager of Investor Relations. Chris, please proceed.
Thank you, Roya. Good afternoon, and thank you for joining us today. On the call with me are Satya Nadella, Chief Executive Officer, Amy Hood, Chief Financial Officer, Frank Brod, Chief Accounting Officer, and John Seethoff, Deputy General Counsel and Corporate Secretary. On the Microsoft Investor Relations website, you can find our earnings press release and the financial summary slide deck, which is intended to supplement our prepared remarks during today's call and provide the reconciliation of differences between GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures. Unless otherwise specified, we will refer to non-GAAP metrics on the call. The non-GAAP financial measures provided should not be considered as a substitute for or superior to the measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP.
They are included as additional clarifying items to aid investors in further understanding the company's fourth quarter performance, in addition to the impact these items and events had on the financial results. All growth comparisons we make on the call today relate to the corresponding period of last year, unless otherwise noted. We also provide growth rates in constant currency when available as a framework for assessing how our underlying businesses performed, excluding the effect of foreign currency rate fluctuation. At the start of fiscal 2018, Microsoft adopted ASU 606, the new revenue accounting standard. Today's Q4 earnings report and any forward-looking statements follow the current revenue accounting standard consistent with our reporting throughout fiscal 2017. In early August, we will be holding a conference call to provide you with information that will aid you in the transition to the new standard.
We will post our prepared remarks to our website immediately following the call until the complete transcript is available. Today's call is being webcast live and recorded. If you ask a question, it will be included in our live transmission, in the transcript, and in any future use of the recording. You can replay the call and view the transcript on the Microsoft Investor Relations website till July 20th, 2018. During the call, we will be making forward-looking statements, which are predictions, projections, or other statements about future events. These statements are based on current expectations and assumptions that are subject to risks and uncertainties.
Actual results could materially differ because of factors discussed in today's earnings press release, in the comments made during this conference call, and in the risk factor section of our Form 10-K, Form 10-Q, and other reports and filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We do not undertake any update, any duty to update any forward-looking statement. With that, I'll turn the call over to Satya.
Thank you, Chris, and thank you to everyone joining on the phone. This quarter, we delivered $24.7 billion in revenue, up 10% in constant currency. For the year, we are $96.7 billion in revenue, up 5%. I'm proud of the progress, particularly the strength of our commercial cloud results. FY 2017 all up was a tremendous year of customer momentum with cloud, AI, and digital transformation. Our technology worldview of an intelligent cloud and an intelligent edge is resonating with businesses everywhere. Every customer I talk to is looking for both innovative technology to drive new growth, as well as a strategic partner who can help build their own digital capability. Microsoft is that trusted partner. Let's look at the progress we've made this quarter by segment, starting with Productivity and Business Processes.
The workplace is transforming from changing employee expectations, a need for more diverse skills and globally distributed teams, an increasingly complex threat environment. Only Microsoft gives customers a comprehensive approach for this new culture of work. Earlier this month, we introduced Microsoft 365, which brings together Office 365, Windows 10, and Enterprise Mobility + Security in a complete secure solution to empower employees, safeguard businesses, and simplify IT management. Microsoft 365 is a fundamental shift in how we design, build, and go to market to address customer needs. Fortune 500 customers, FedEx, Dow Chemical, Staples, Progressive Insurance all chose Microsoft 365. The success of our secure, productive enterprise offering with its triple-digit seat growth is one reason we are investing in Microsoft 365 for businesses of all sizes.
We continue to see strong growth of Office 365 with customers like Nissan, Quicken Loans, KeyBank, Deutsche Telekom, all choosing Office 365. Importantly, customers are moving beyond core workloads to adopt higher- value workloads. For example, we've seen a significant increase in SharePoint usage, which nearly doubled year-over-year. The classroom is also transforming. This quarter, we introduced Microsoft Teams in Office 365 for Education, the digital hub for students and teachers. Microsoft Teams gives educators a whole new way to create and inspire modern classroom environments. With rich learning tools and the ability to have digital conversations with students, share materials, manage assignments, Teams gives educators more time to focus on doing what they love the most, teaching. Now I'll talk about the second part of our ambition in this segment, reinventing business process.
We're investing in LinkedIn flagship experience to create new value for members and customers and accelerate growth. We saw continued momentum in mobile and strong engagement across the platform with sessions up more than 20% for the 3rd consecutive quarter. We continue to innovate new ways for members to maximize the value of the platform. We launched a new messaging overlay resulting in record levels of messages sent on LinkedIn and introduced a career advice marketplace which that'll let members easily tap into the professional expertise of more than 500 million members around the world. On top of that, Talent Solutions saw a record level of growth in confirmed hires and InMail response rates this quarter. I've talked about the opportunities with Dynamics and LinkedIn.
Earlier this month, we launched Microsoft Relationship Sales solution, bringing together LinkedIn Sales Navigator and Microsoft Dynamics, as well as Dynamics 365 solution for retail and talent. In a world where customers are increasingly digitizing every business process, we continue to invest and expand our portfolio of modern modular business applications that are infused with AI. We also introduced ISV Cloud Embed to make it easier for partners to modernize their existing business process applications, build new ones using Dynamics 365, Power BI, Power Apps, and Microsoft Flow. A global healthcare solution provider and partner, Indegene, is using it to create a mobile CRM solution for medical sales. Customers like HSBC, Best Buy, Dolce & Gabbana all chose Dynamics 365 to transform their own business processes and experience the benefits of moving away from monolithic suites.
Now let's talk about the progress we are making in our intelligent cloud segment. Our commercial cloud annualized revenue run rate now exceeds $18.9 billion. This quarter's cloud growth puts us squarely on track to reach the goal we set a little over two years ago of $20 billion in commercial cloud ARR in fiscal 2018. More than ever before, customers are placing their trust in the Microsoft Cloud. Azure revenue accelerated this quarter, growing 97% year-over-year. CIOs and business decision-makers increasingly prefer Azure as they make decisions about their cloud strategy. They value our hybrid consistency, developer productivity, AI capabilities, and trusted approach. We keep investing in cloud computing to create broader economic benefit and opportunity, as we have done with our South Africa data center expansion, bringing Azure to 40 regions globally, more than any other cloud provider.
As part of our commitment to trust, we are helping our customers prepare to be GDPR compliant and meet the requirements of the European Union ahead of the enforcement deadline. AXA Global, KPMG, Dun & Bradstreet, Hearst, Walgreens, T-Mobile, and Sephora all chose Azure to transform their businesses. Box announced that it'll bring its content and collaboration service to Azure and plans to use our AI to simplify discovery and use of all types of content across the enterprise. Baidu will use Azure to take its autonomous driving platform worldwide. The core currency of any business going forward will be the ability to convert their data into AI that drives competitive advantage. It all starts with having the support for the comprehensive data estate spanning Azure Database, Cosmos DB, Data Warehouse, Data Lake, combined with SQL Server. Azure Cosmos DB is the industry's first globally distributed database service.
It enables customers to securely and reliably power data-intensive applications at unprecedented scale and performance from IoT to AI to mobile and much more. Retailer Jet.com is using Azure Cosmos DB to process trillions of transactions every day. Customers are infusing AI into their products and services using Azure AI infrastructure and services such as Bot Framework and Cognitive Services. Sabre, a leading technology provider to the global travel industry, is piloting AI-powered solutions for travel agencies to better serve customers. Dixons Carphone is using Azure and our Cognitive Services to boost customer engagement and provide a more consistent, seamless experience across online and in their stores. Azure is also unique in its support for these emerging intelligent cloud and intelligent edge applications. Azure IoT Edge extends cloud intelligence to edge devices.
This means IoT devices can act locally at the edge while taking advantage of the cloud for global coordination and machine learning at scale. Azure is the first cloud to provide true hybrid support that customers predominantly choose. Azure Stack extends Azure to enable developers to build and deploy applications the same way, whether they run on the intelligent cloud or at the intelligent edge, so customers can meet any regulatory requirement and bring cloud applications to remote or disconnected locations like cruise ships or oil rigs. I'll turn to our progress in more personal computing. Against the backdrop of more than 500 million Windows 10 monthly active devices and continued broad progress across the Windows ecosystem, I wanna highlight a couple of key strategic areas this quarter.
Windows 10 is made to inspire the creator in all of us and is pivotal to enabling employees to transform the way they work. Increasingly, commercial customers valued Windows 10 as the foundation for a secure modern workplace. Enterprise and education deployments increased 33% over the last quarter as companies like NASCAR, Emirates Airline, BMW Group, Bank of China, all adopt Windows 10. This quarter, we introduced Windows 10 S, streamlined for simplicity, security, and superior performance, and tailored for the classroom. Our goal for Windows 10 S is to develop a vibrant ecosystem with partners like Acer, ASUS, Dell, Fujitsu, HP, Samsung, and Toshiba to introduce a new class of modern devices that enables affordable, powerful new scenarios from Windows Ink to 3D. We also introduced the Surface Laptop and the new Surface Pro this quarter to continue to build and create momentum for new Windows device categories.
Now on to gaming. Our gaming business now is more than $9 billion and growing profitably. The gaming world is evolving faster than ever before, from gameplay across multiple devices to the explosive growth in streaming and e-sports to new subscription services and mixed reality scenarios. We're uniquely positioned to capture a large share of this opportunity because of our ability to unite the global community of gamers through Xbox Live, now 53 million strong and growing, and to enable new experiences across PC, console, and mobile. At E3, we celebrated the passion of gamers by introducing Xbox One X, broadening our portfolio of gaming devices with the world's most powerful console.
We launched two new services that broaden our reach and enrich the gaming experience, both of which are off to a very strong start. Mixer, our new live streaming service, makes it easier than ever before for gamers to create and share across platforms and to interact in entirely new ways. The Xbox Game Pass is a digital subscription service that expands our existing gaming value proposition. In closing, I'm proud of the progress this year, both in our own continued transformation and in how we are empowering customers to digitally transform. As technology disrupts every industry and has the power to make a difference in the lives of everyone, we strive to create local opportunity and growth and impact in every country around the world. Our platforms and tools help drive small business productivity, large business competitiveness, and public sector efficiency.
They also support new startups, improve educational health outcomes, and empower human ingenuity. Our sense of purpose lies in our customers' success. Transformation is a continuous process of renewal and reinvestment. We will continue to invest in the high-growth opportunities, lead innovation in cloud and AI, and bring our technology and products together into experiences and solutions that unlock new value for customers. Now I'll hand it over to Amy to walk through this quarter's results in more detail and share our outlook, and I look forward to rejoining for your questions.
Thank you, Satya, good afternoon, everyone. This quarter, revenue was $24.7 billion, up 9% and 10% in constant currency, with stronger- than- expected performance across all segments. Gross margin grew 11% and 12% in constant currency. Operating income increased 13% and 16% in constant currency. Earnings per share was $0.98, increasing 42% and 43% in constant currency, which includes $0.23 from the utilization of phone-related losses from prior years that were previously nondeductible. At a company level, LinkedIn contributed approximately five points of revenue and gross margin growth. LinkedIn's operating loss of $361 million was a six-point drag on total company operating income growth and is entirely attributable to the $371 million of amortization of acquired intangibles recorded in COGS and OpEx.
From a geographic perspective, our results were mostly in line with macroeconomic trends, though large markets like the U.S., Germany, and Japan performed better than we expected. We had a strong quarter in our commercial business, reflecting terrific execution from our sales teams and partners in the largest quarter of our year. We increased commitment to our commercial cloud and healthy renewals on a record volume of expirations. We closed the highest number of multimillion-dollar Azure deals to date and improved our annuity mix to 86%, up three points year-over-year. Commercial bookings grew 30% and commercial unearned revenue was $27.8 billion, significantly higher than we expected. Our contracted not billed balance increased to more than $31.5 billion.
As Satya mentioned earlier, our Commercial Cloud annualized revenue run rate exceeded $18.9 billion this quarter, growing 56%. We finished the year with nearly $15 billion in Commercial Cloud revenue. At the start of the year, we committed to material improvement in Commercial Cloud gross margin percentage and dollars. This quarter, our Commercial Cloud gross margin percentage was 52%, up 10 points year-over-year, with positive gross margin in each cloud service. Commercial Cloud gross margin dollars grew 92% from strength across all services. Our company gross margin was 66%, up one point from the prior year, as sales mix of higher margin products and services offset the impact of a growing mix of cloud revenue and $217 million of LinkedIn amortization cost.
FX was mostly in line with our expectations, with one point of negative impact on total revenue growth, even with a slightly weaker than expected U.S. dollar. At the segment level, FX had a negative impact of two points on Productivity and Business Processes, one point on Intelligent Cloud, and one point on More Personal Computing. Total operating expenses grew 9% and 10% in constant currency, with LinkedIn contributing 12 points of growth, including $154 million of amortization of acquired intangibles expense. Now to our segment results. Revenue from our Productivity and Business Processes segment grew 21% and 23% in constant currency to $8.4 billion, with LinkedIn contributing 15 points of growth. Office Commercial revenue increased 5% and 6% in constant currency.
Office 365 commercial revenue grew 43% and 44% in constant currency, with continued install base growth across all workloads, ARPU expansion and emerging E5 momentum. For the first time, Office 365 commercial revenue surpassed revenue from our traditional licensing business. Office consumer revenue increased 13%, driven by recurring subscription revenue and growth in our subscriber base. Our Dynamics business grew 7% and 9% in constant currency, and Dynamics 365 grew 74% and 75% in constant currency. LinkedIn revenue for the quarter was approximately $1.1 billion, a bit better than expected. Segment gross margin dollars grew 14% and 16% in constant currency, with 12 points of contribution from LinkedIn, including $217 million of amortization.
Gross margin percentage declined from an increase in cloud revenue mix and the impact of LinkedIn-related amortization. Operating expenses increased 41%, with 40 points from LinkedIn, including $154 million of amortization expense. Operating income declined 8% and 5% in constant currency, with 12 points of impact from LinkedIn. The Intelligent Cloud segment delivered $7.4 billion in revenue, growing 11% and 12% in constant currency. Our server products and cloud services revenue grew 15% and 16% in constant currency, with double-digit annuity revenue growth. Azure revenue growth accelerated to 97%, up 98% in constant currency. Azure premium revenue grew triple digits for the twelfth consecutive quarter.
Enterprise services revenue declined 3% and 1% in constant currency, driven by a lower volume of Windows Server 2003 custom support agreements, partially offset by growth in premier support services. Segment gross margin dollars grew 8% and 9% in constant currency, and segment gross margin percentage declined due to increasing cloud revenue mix and lower enterprise services margins, partially offset by material improvement in Azure margins. We grew operating expenses by 2% and 3% in constant currency, with continued investment in sales capacity and developer engagement. Operating income increased 15%, up 18% in constant currency. Now to More Personal Computing. Revenue from this segment was $8.8 billion, down 2% and 1% in constant currency, with four points of decline from phone.
Our OEM business grew 1% this quarter, as both our commercial and consumer OEM businesses were slightly ahead of the PC market. OEM pro revenue grew 3% ahead of the commercial PC market, mainly due to a higher mix of premium SKUs. Windows 10 deployment cycles continue to drive commercial customer hardware demand. OEM non-pro revenue was flat, ahead of the consumer PC market, with continued positive impact from Windows premium device mix. Inventories remain in their normal range. Windows commercial cloud products and services grew 8%, driven by annuity revenue growth. Enterprise customers increasingly chose Windows 10 on new and existing devices, which led to install base growth and higher adoption of our cloud security solutions. Patent licensing declined this quarter, primarily from lower revenue per unit.
Search revenue ex -TAC grew 10% and 11% in constant currency, driven by higher revenue per search and search volume. Devices revenue declined 28% and 27% in constant currency. Our Surface business performed better than we expected, declining 2% and 1% in constant currency, with strong sales execution on our Surface Pro product transition and early positive signals from customers and partners on our Surface Laptop launch in June. Our gaming business grew 3% and 4% in constant currency. Xbox software and services growth of 11%, 13% in constant currency offset declines in hardware. Our engaged user base grew 8% to 53 million monthly active users across console, mobile, and Windows 10 platforms. Segment gross margin dollars increased 9% and 10% in constant currency.
Gross margin percentage increased primarily due to a sales mix shift to higher margin products and services. Operating expenses declined 10% and 9% in constant currency from lower phone expense as well as Surface and gaming marketing spend in the prior year. As a result, operating income grew 68% and 72% in constant currency. Now back to the overall company results. This quarter, we invested approximately $3.3 billion in capital expenditures, including capital leases, up sequentially in part due to planned Q3 data center spend pushed into this Q4. This includes approximately $2.3 billion of cash paid for property and equipment, which was down year-over-year as we utilized more capital leases. Free cash flow grew 50% year-over-year, driven primarily by operating cash flow growth of 30%, as well as lower cash outlays for CapEx.
Operating cash flow increased due to higher collections from customers following strong billings growth, as well as working capital improvements in our hardware business. Other income and expense was $215 million, more than originally planned as we continued to see opportunities in the equities market to realize gains throughout the quarter. Our non-GAAP effective tax rate was -6%, significantly lower than we expected, due to a $1.8 billion impact related to the utilization of prior year's losses from our phone business that were not deductible in the years incurred. Excluding this item, our non-GAAP effective tax rate was 19% this quarter, and 20% for the full year. This quarter, we returned $4.6 billion to shareholders through share repurchases and dividends. Now let's turn to the outlook.
The key trends for FY 2018 from the financial analyst briefing remain largely unchanged. For the full year, we expect about one point of negative FX impact, assuming current rates remain stable. In our commercial business, we anticipate that increasing demand for cloud services and healthy renewals will continue to drive a higher annuity mix. Our commercial transactional business will continue to decline, driven by the transition to the cloud. We remain focused on improving our commercial cloud gross margin percentage in each of our cloud services. As a reminder, given seasonality and revenue mix, commercial cloud gross margin will experience quarterly variability. Cloud migrations, deployments, and new scenarios are driving greater customer usage. We will increase our capital investment to meet growing demand and capacity needs. Total CapEx spend will continue to have variability quarter -to -quarter.
At the company level, our gross margin percentage should decline about one point in FY 2018, with increasing cloud revenue mix, a full year of LinkedIn amortization, and hardware launches, including our new console, Xbox One X. We expect LinkedIn quarterly amortization expense and COGS to be approximately $220 million or about $880 million for the full year. Next, operating expenses. You should think about our FY 2018 operating expenses in two categories. First, organic Microsoft expenses, which we expect to grow between 3% and 4%, reflecting the investments we are making to support our top-line growth. Second, LinkedIn. We are making incremental investments in LinkedIn to fuel its continued strong revenue growth. Additionally, we will recognize our first full year of operating expenses, including $620 million of amortization expense.
Importantly, we expect our company operating margin to only decline by about a point as we continue to grow our cloud revenue, we fund new investment to support growth in strategic areas, and absorb $1.5 billion of LinkedIn amortization in COGS and OpEx. Excluding the LinkedIn impact, operating margin should be flat year-over-year. Next, our effective tax rate. As a reminder, our tax rate is impacted by at least three major factors: the proportion of services revenue versus licensing revenue, the geographic mix of revenue, and the timing of equity vests. As cloud revenue mix increases, we anticipate our tax rate will move higher. With quarterly variability based on these factors, we anticipate our full year non-GAAP tax rate to be 23%, ±2 points.
Finally, we expect LinkedIn ex- purchase accounting to be non-dilutive in FY 2018 as it was in Q4. Now to the outlook for next quarter. Based on current FX rates, we expect less than one point of negative impact on revenue growth overall and for each segment. We expect commercial unearned revenue to be within the range of $24.85 billion-$25.05 billion. In Productivity and Business Processes, we expect revenue between $8.1 billion and $8.3 billion. Office 365 commercial revenue growth will continue to be driven by install base growth, ARPU expansion, and adoption of premium services like E5, and should outpace the rate of transactional decline. We expect a more moderated rate of growth in our Office Consumer business given prior year comparables.
In our Dynamics business, Dynamics 365 will continue to drive our cloud mix higher. We expect approximately $1.1 billion of revenue from LinkedIn, adjusted for the impact of purchase accounting. For Intelligent Cloud, we expect revenue between $6.9 billion and $7.1 billion. Customer demand for Azure and our hybrid cloud offerings remains strong. We anticipate another quarter of double-digit revenue growth across server products and cloud services. Enterprise services should decline given lower volumes of custom support agreements. We expect more personal computing revenue between $8.6 billion and $8.9 billion. We anticipate OEM revenue will move more closely in line with the PC market. Devices revenue growth will continue to be impacted by the prior year phone comparable.
Surface revenue will continue to be driven by the product life cycle transition between Surface Pro 4 and our new Surface Laptop and Surface Pro. In search, Bing's revenue growth ex-TAC should be similar to prior quarters. We expect gaming to have the typical seasonality revenue pattern for a pre-holiday quarter. We expect COGS between $8.2 billion and $8.3 billion, including approximately $400 million from LinkedIn. LinkedIn COGS include about $220 million of amortization. We expect CapEx on an accrual dollar basis to be similar to Q4 as we grow our investment to meet demand. We expect operating expenses of $8.6 billion-$8.7 billion, with about $1 billion of LinkedIn, of which roughly $155 million is related to amortization.
Other income and expense should be about $250 million as we expect to realize more gains in our equities portfolio. Given the volume of equity vests that occur in our first quarter and based on today's stock value, we expect our first quarter non-GAAP effective tax rate to be approximately four points lower than the estimated full-year tax rate. Finally, we adopted the new revenue standard, ASU 606, effective at the start of fiscal year 2018. To assist in the transition, Chris, along with our Chief Accounting Officer, Frank Brod, will be hosting a conference call in early August to discuss these changes, present historical restated financial results, and share our Q1 guidance converted to the new standard. With that, let's go to Q&A.
Thanks, Amy. We'll now move to the Q&A. Roya, can you please repeat your instructions?
Certainly. Thank you. At this time, we'll be conducting a question-and-answer session. Thank you. Our first question comes from the line of Heather Bellini with Goldman Sachs. Please proceed.
Great. Thank you very much for taking the question. Amy, I had a question about commercial cloud COGS, and I was wondering if you could give us a sense of what % of these roughly is related to depreciation, and how should we think about the pace of your CapEx deployments versus what you have been experiencing in commercial cloud to support the initiatives and the vast growth opportunities that you see ahead as we look out over the next 12-24 months? If there's anything you could share with us around that. Thank you.
Let me break down the question a couple ways. You know, overall, when you think about COGS and the pacing, you know, the depreciation rates of our servers don't change. It's generally over a three-year period, and there's other pieces of equipment that have longer or shorter depreciation lives. That pace of depreciation doesn't change per se. If you're looking to see, how we see demand, obviously this quarter in Q4, we felt very good about cloud demand across all three services, but in particular, with Azure. I feel confident in our ability to produce gross margin improvement across all those services. I feel confident in our ability to continue to make progress on our overall commercial cloud gross margin growth, and I am encouraged by the demand signals we're getting.
All of those things, I think, you know, it's not really about the pace, it's as much about the progress and demand and meeting those things as closely as we can, and I feel really good about the team's execution.
Great. Thank you.
Heather. We'll move to the next question, please.
Our next question comes from the line of Keith Weiss with Morgan Stanley. Please proceed.
Excellent. Thank you guys for taking the question. Very nice quarter. There's a lot of rumors and speculation around sales reorganization, you guys sort of shifting around resources to sort of better distribute sort of cloud and the new technologies. I was wondering if you guys could dig into that for us a little bit. What kind of changes are taking place in terms of go-to-market distribution, heading into FY 2018?
Yeah, let me start there. First of all, thank you for the question, Keith . Overall, the approach we have taken for multiple years now is to transform everything that we do inside the company, whether it's the product creation, how we are organized in the R&D, how we think about breaking down any silos and category definitions we may have had in the past, how we think about even marketing and the marketing approach, and then, of course, even with the go-to-market. This transformation is ongoing. This has been happening over multiple years, but we have now got very good customer momentum because ultimately this is all driven by the opportunity at hand, which is much bigger than anything that we have participated in the past. The total addressable market is much bigger.
Second, our customer expectations and our partner expectations of how we show up with them has changed. Over the years, we've been making changes, and now that we have a lot more momentum and critical mass, we're going to that next phase, and that's what you are seeing us in terms of changing the skill set, changing the scope of how we show up to support the digital transformation needs of both large customers as well as small businesses.
I think in many ways, Keith, what we've done is really a natural extension of some of the investments we've made over the past 18 months to add technical resources to be more present in customer accounts to really drive their transformation towards success outcomes. You're seeing it even in our Intelligent Cloud results last quarter and this quarter. We're taking that learning over the past 18 months and really applying it at a broader scale across the sales force to put those resources where we feel confident that they'll have a good long-term return in that next phase of transformation.
Thank you, Keith. We'll take the next question, please.
Our next question comes from line of Karl Keirstead with Deutsche Bank. Please proceed.
Thank you. Question for Amy. Amy, there were a lot of numbers in this print that look very strong, but one that stood out to me was the commercial bookings growth of 30%. You did touch on it a little bit in your remarks, but if you don't mind, I'd love to ask you a few questions. One is, you mentioned that maybe part of the strength was terrific execution on renewals. Does it feel like maybe last quarter was a little bit of a renewal flush? In other words, it might have been a bit of a one-time phenomenon. Secondly, is Microsoft doing anything different around contract structure or invoicing that would result in bookings being unusually high, maybe collecting a little bit more upfront?
Lastly, is it fair to interpret the strong bookings performance as giving us, and I suppose you, comfort in your revenue growth profile in fiscal 2018 as all those bookings, obviously convert to reported revenue? Thank you.
Thanks, Karl. Let me make sure I cover off on most of those. Let me start by saying the biggest driver in commercial bookings growth this quarter was excellent execution on a large base of renewals. The second component of that is the execution on new revenue, in particular Azure, as well as Windows Commercial. Billings in the quarter were very good and quite encouraging overall. There was no change in any way to invoicing, people playing earlier, paying more upfront. That's definitely not an impact on that number.
Overall, I think while it is certainly aided by the large expiry base because it tends to impact, the C and B balance the most, it's really, I think to your point, it is clearly encouraging because it gives us a very good base of support going into FY 2018, to come in, to the GAAP reporting numbers.
Got it. Thank you, Amy.
Thanks, Karl.
Thank you, Karl. Next question, please.
Our next question comes from line of Walter Pritchard with Citi. Please proceed.
Hi, thank you. Amy, I'm wondering on the gross profit growth. I was looking through the slide deck, it looks like gross profit growth in PBP was up about 2%. You saw some strong trends in different parts of that business, I think that 2%, I would have thought would have been higher. Could you help us understand the puts and takes around gross profit growth in PBP?
There's a couple things, but in general, it's almost always mix shift. While we saw improvement in the gross margin percentage in Office 365 and continue to make progress on that, it's also the balance, right? This is the first quarter where we've actually seen the balance tip, in terms of recognized revenue, to online versus perpetual. I actually feel very good that as we continue to accelerate the growth trajectory, that you're not seeing, frankly, much impact on the gross margin line, and we're seeing a lot of leverage in that, through OpEx all the way down to the operating income line.
Great. Thank you, Walter. We'll take the next question, please.
Our next question comes from line of Mark Moerdler with Bernstein Research. Please proceed.
Thank you, and congrats on the quarter. Amy, commercial cloud ARR grew 24% Q -over- Q, which is the largest Q-over-Q growth so far. Completely understand that Q4 is a big quarter for closing business, but $3.7 billion is a large number. Can you give us some more color on exactly what's driving this growth? I have a quick follow-up.
Sure. When you think about, you're right, it is a big number, and I feel very good about it. For the year, on a pure basis, it was $15 billion of commercial cloud revenue. We're starting to get to that point, Mark, where you have a big base, which is still growing at a fast rate. Especially ARR numbers can see big jumps in the one that you saw this quarter. You're right, Q4 is also historically quite a big quarter, and this one certainly was as well.
You also saw, what really does matter, especially in Azure, is usage growth, really consumption growth, having customers use, deploy, be successful, and really continue to get, you think, sort of meters up and running, and that continues to build on itself. When you start to see that, you can, I do think and will continue to see good growth in this number.
Excellent. As a quick follow-up, how should we think of how that sets us up to 18, in terms of hitting expectations, beating expectations, you know, continuing, you know, strong 40, 50s % year-over-year growth?
Let me start by saying, first, I feel very good about meeting our stated goal of $20 billion in commercial cloud ARR. Next, I think across every service, the momentum we've seen in Q4, and in particular, I would say, I think not many people focus on it, but even things like Windows E5, the advanced threat protection services, those types of deployments really will add to momentum in our offerings. One of the things we often talk about is we sell Microsoft 365. That's Windows 10 with security and services. It's a modern workplace that includes up-to-date Office 365. It includes EMS. We really did see strength across all of them. I don't really think it's about a percentage, but it's about each of them continuing to make progress.
Excellent. Congrats.
Thank you.
Thanks, Mark. We'll take the next question, please.
Our next question comes from line of Phil Winslow with Wells Fargo. Please proceed.
Hey, thanks guys, congrats on another great quarter. Question first for Amy on Office 365. Office 365 commercial revenue continues to outpace the unit growth monthly active users. You're still seeing that trend up to E3, E5, et cetera. I wonder if you'd take us through where we are in that life cycle, and also just to follow on your comment to the last question. You know, Satya, you launched at Inspire Microsoft 365 that Amy just mentioned. How should we think about Microsoft 365 in the context of Office 365, also just given the fact that, you know, Windows commercial actually accelerated this quarter as well?
Yeah, maybe I can start.
Why don't you start, and I'll do the next one.
One of the things that we're very excited about and have learned a lot from is the Secure Productive Enterprise offer that we've had now last year, and in fact, in Q4, it really accelerated significantly. That's helped us, in fact, come up with Microsoft 365 as this very strong offering that brings together Office 365, Windows 10, as well as our Enterprise Mobility + Security, and support even cross-platform devices. We think of the modern workplace as having a very significant footprint of Windows, but also people who use phones of iOS and Android, but they need both productivity, creativity, security across all of this estate of ours. That's where I think we have a competitive advantage and a great value proposition.
That's what Microsoft 365 embodies. It's today available in for enterprises and in the fall, you'll have the mid-market version of it, which I think is another, you know, very big opportunity because it really helps take what we have learned in the large enterprises and scale it to where perhaps the need is even more acute. We are excited about that. At I nspire, the partner channel obviously is very excited about it as well.
Phil, to your point, it's a nice transition from Satya's point about, especially the mid-market offering coming in the fall, from Microsoft 365 is the install base growth. You're right, in terms of Office commercial 365, the primary driver is still install base, both the transition as well as new. I think, we're optimistic as we head into FY 2018 for the install base growth that's possible, in particular for some of these mid-market offerings that we're quite proud of. The ARPU growth that you saw and have seen the past couple of quarters continues to primarily, Phil, be related still to the E1 to E3 transition. When we mentioned E5, I think that's frankly encouraging for us because all of these premium offers do best when you start the deployment motion.
People start using E1, then they use E3, and then you start to see the momentum in E5, and we did see that. However, in terms of ARPU impact, very, very small in quarter. That's something that over time you would continue to see improvement in terms of impact on ARPU.
Thanks, Phil.
Awesome, guys. Thanks a lot.
Thanks.
Thank you. We'll take the next question, please.
Our next question comes from line of Kash Rangan with Merrill Lynch. Please proceed.
Hi, thank you very much. Curious if you can shed a little bit more light on commercial bookings growth of 30%. Clearly, that's off the charts. When I look at the $18.9 billion of annualized revenue, judging from the fact that the commercial business non-Azure component of it was about steady and growth rate have gotten further, Azure went through some significant acceleration, which is yet to be reflected in your forward-looking revenues. If you could just shed a little bit more light and drill into any two or three product SKUs or areas or geographies that contributed to that off the charts performance, that would be great. That's it for me. Thank you very much, and congrats.
Thanks, Kash. Let me go through the bookings. Again, with that 30%, the first and best contributor to that is the strong performance on the renewals. In quarter, it was reasonably consistent, Kash. There's not a geo in particular that I would say was a massive outlier, although in two of our largest geos, the U.S. and Germany, they did have very good years, in particular, in Q4. If you separate the fact that we had the large base, which clearly contributes to that bookings number being big, aside from that, in particular, Azure, in the last year point, did it really show up in that 18.9? It didn't.
The strong billings growth really showed up in that unearned outperformance, which you saw versus the guide, it was significant, a lot of that is the Azure billings. I think we felt very good. Those as well, I think were pretty broad-based across industry, I would also say across geo. While we of course get some strength from our largest geos, and I would say they were probably the largest contributors, it was actually quite broad. There's not really one place for me to say that we just saw it, saw it here. The final component that I would say was better than we anticipated, and the where you'd see that, Kash, again, versus the unearned guidance and the beat that we had there was with that final piece around our security value prop.
ATP, Windows annuity growth was very good. That's in the KPI Windows commercial products and services is the place you'll look and see that number. Outside of that, I mean, those really are the biggest, the biggest contributors.
Yeah.
Thank you.
Just-
Yeah.
If I add one thing, I'll just say that, you know, nothing shows up in just one quarter. We have been working on this for a long time, whether it's the product and the approach we have taken from IaaS to PaaS to SaaS, even the diversity of our SaaS offerings, and also how we think about going to market. All of these have been multiple years of hard work. Clearly there is momentum across the board. That I think, is what you're seeing, and we are excited about this quarter's execution and performance. I think it bodes well for what we do in the future. The key is for us to recognize that, this is about sort of long-term commitment to a big opportunity and making sure that you line up your execution against that.
I think maybe I should have also mentioned, you know, when you think about seeing that type of performance, Satya mentioned, it's not just because of work done this quarter, it's a great point, but it's also the investments we've made. We've committed, we did sales overlays, we added technical resources. We put resources at customers ahead of the curve. We did that. You saw that in the operating, in the Intelligent Cloud OpEx growth over the past few quarters. That execution is what's landing.
Clearly something inflected, and it looks like you're gaining share, so congratulations. Thank you.
Thank you, Kash. We'll move to the next question, please.
Our next question comes from line of Mark Murphy with JP Morgan. Please proceed.
Yes, thank you very much, and I will add my congrats. Amy, going back to the size of the large size of the expiry base in Q4, when we look back three years, to June of 2014, in that quarter, the commercial bookings grew 23%. I'm just curious, is that representative of the portfolio that flowed through into this quarter on a three-year cycle, or is it more complex than that? Does it include or exclude LinkedIn contributions for the current period? Finally, I'm wondering, again, looking back three years, it was a different number in the September quarter that follows. Can you help us just with the year-over-year growth of the expiry base for the September quarter? I'm not sure if you had commented on that.
You're right, Mark. It's not exactly if I said, you know, is the Q3 from three years ago exactly the expiry base. It's not exactly, but it's directionally. That's a good example to say, you know, every three years tends to be the length of our agreements. You do tend to see that repeated. That's what we mean by sort of the record or the largest expiry base, and that is the pattern. In terms of LinkedIn having any impact, it did not. That is the cleanest way to think about that number.
Great. Thanks, Mark. We'll move to the next question, please.
Our next question comes from the line of Ross MacMillan with RBC Capital. Please proceed.
Thanks very much, my congratulations as well. I'm actually gonna ask a question about the traditional server products business, which once again had a pretty strong growth rate up 5%. I think the last three quarters have been trending at mid-single digits or even higher. Amy, I'd just love your thoughts as we progress through fiscal 2018, just so we think about this in the right way. you know, how would you expect that sort of growth rate to trend, should we be sort of aware of the comps that come up in Q2 and beyond?
Maybe I can start and at least give you what, how we think about it, technically and product-wise, and then, we can go into sort of talking about the future in terms of the results itself. First of all, we don't think of our servers as, distinct from our cloud. In other words, the intelligent cloud and the intelligent edge, is the architectural pattern for which we are building, whether it's SQL Server 2017 or it's Windows Server, the container service. Everything that we do assumes that distributed computing will actually remain distributed. It turns out that it's helpful to think about it that way, both for customers who are rationalizing their portfolios of apps as they lift, shift, modernize as to what they run in their data centers or in our data centers, but also forward-looking new workloads.
If you look at some of the most exciting things that are happening in the cloud, is cloud applications that actively require an edge. Azure IoT or Azure Stack are becoming the run times at the edge, where you do need not only the ability to do compute and storage but to run the AI inference on the edge. To me, that's what we are building to. It's actually a big architectural shift from thinking purely of this as a migration to some public cloud to really thinking of this as a real future distributed computing infrastructure and applications that I you know, quite frankly, feel very, very good about leading. In that context, our server license revenue will fluctuate based on what the macro is and these transitions and mix shifts.
From a forward-looking perspective, I want us to be very, very clear that we anticipate the edge to be actually one of the more exciting parts of what's happening, with our infrastructure.
That leads why I always tend to say I don't focus as much on the mix per se. I know both of them will matter, and both of them are important. That's why I tend to focus on that all up server KPI combination of the progress in the cloud, Azure, as well as the edge, which is the on-prem. You know, I think we remain confident in that double-digit target that we have for that KPI. There isn't really, I don't think, sort of a comparability challenge per se. That's why we Keep it at that high level to not get too tied to one or the other, given we know the TAM expansion that's possible, we know we can grow within it.
I apologize, I didn't answer Mark's last component, let me just go back, I'd forgotten, which was there anything unique in the ex-FX base for Q1? The answer is it's up a little year-over-year, certainly not through the same type of Q4 comparable. When we tend to have these, we try to call them out, like we did in Q3 leading into Q4. Q1, I would say is just up a little, wouldn't expect any material impact.
Great. Thank you, Ross. We'll take the next question, please.
Our next question comes from line of Raimo Lenschow with Barclays. Please proceed.
Hey, thanks for taking my question. I wanted to just drill in on the premium service in Azure. Satya, you talked a little bit about SharePoint taking off and being a big part. Can you talk a little bit about the portfolio you have there? I also wanted to contrast it a little bit with one of your main competitors who keeps coming up with new products just to kind of get to that premium service and the advantage that you guys have given the IP that you've built up over the years. Thank you.
Yeah, I mean, I think, we have premium services, whether it's in Office 365 or in the SaaS side with Dynamics 365, and, you know, that's where the SharePoint comment came. That is, there's a lot more in Office 365 adoption cycle beyond Exchange or email. On the Azure side, my comments, in fact, walk that entire tree, so to speak, which is there's the infrastructure there, where in fact, even in the infrastructure side, there is no such thing as one generic infrastructure. When I look at the diversity of the virtual machines, what's happening with AI infrastructure, with GPU compute, there's a lot of richness there. The layer above that for me is the data estate.
One of the exciting things is the growth in Azure DB, the growth in Cosmos DB, our data warehouse product, the Data Lake. That's a place where we're seeing significant attach. On top of the data is where the AI services, whether it's the Bot Framework, the Cognitive Services. That's all the rich services where we're seeing significant customer action. The other side of it is the edge. Azure IoT service both in the cloud and the edge and Azure Stack now truly starting this quarter is going to be another way to extend out the rich services of Azure even beyond the public cloud deployment. That's what hopefully gives you a flavor for the IP that we have.
One linchpin that we have between, in fact, our SaaS services as well as Azure is Azure Active Directory. 90% of all the enterprises use Active Directory, all of them rendezvous with Azure Active Directory irrespective of what applications they have in whichever cloud, because that becomes a very key control plane for IT.
Perfect. Thank you.
Thanks, Raimo. We all have time for one more question. Maria, please.
Thank you. Our last question will come from the line of Brad Reback with Stifel. Please proceed.
Great. Thanks very much. Amy, as the Azure business continues to gain scale and to Raimo's question, the premium mix continues to become a bigger part of that, is there any reason to think that the gross margin gains shouldn't accelerate in 2018 versus where they were in 2017? Thanks.
Thanks, Brad. The way I tend to think about it is, with any service, you want the gross margin itself to improve, and that includes in the Azure services components themselves. The difference between core compute and store versus the premium layers can be significant, and we've had improvement across all of them. The real question on how and where should the Azure gross margin be is about sort of the ultimate mix of those. Yeah, we saw significant improvement this year. We expect, you know, a lot of improvement again next year on each of those service lines. Where the actual mix occurs among those lines, I think we'll just have to wait and see. That's why I tend to not focus at that layer. It's like, can you get every service better?
Can you make material improvement? Of course, can you get usage and consumption going? That leads to premium service usage. Of course, over time, you'd expect a higher mix of premium versus core.
Great. Thanks very much.
Thanks, Brad. That wraps up the Q&A portion of today's earnings call. As Amy mentioned, Frank and I will be hosting a conference call in early August to discuss the changes under the new revenue standards. You can find additional details for that on the Microsoft Investor Relations website when available. Thank you again for joining us today.
Thank you all. Thanks.
Thank you. This concludes today's teleconference. You may disconnect your lines at this time, and thank you for your participation.