Good morning, and welcome to the Q4 2021 Earnings Conference Call for Orchid Island Capital. This call is being recorded today, February 25, 2022. At this time, the company would like to remind listeners that statements made during today's conference call relating to matters that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements subject to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Listeners are cautioned that such forward-looking statements are based on information currently available to management's good faith belief with respect to future events and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual performance or results to differ materially from those expressed in such forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause such differences are described in the company's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including the company's most recent annual report on Form 10-K.
The company assumes no obligation to update such forward-looking statements to reflect actual results, changes in assumptions, or changes in other factors affecting forward-looking statements. All lines have been placed on mute to prevent any background noise. After the speaker's remarks, there'll be a question-and-answer session. If you'd like to ask a question during this time, simply press the star key followed by the number one on your telephone keypad. If you'd like to withdraw your question, press star one once again. Now, I'd like to turn the conference over to the company's Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Robert Cauley. Please go ahead, sir.
Thank you, operator, and sorry for the delayed start. We did have some technical difficulties. We got those cleared up, so apologize. Let's get going here. Hopefully, everybody had a chance to download the deck as usual. The decks have not changed materially from quarter- to- quarter, so hopefully, to the extent you've been on our call before, you're familiar with the kind of agenda and the format. Kicking off, slide three, just a kinda outline of what we're gonna discuss as usual. Go over the financial highlights for the quarter ended December 31, 2021, then spend some time talking about market developments which impacted the results for the quarter and kinda talk about things look like going forward.
We'll go through our financial results in greater detail and then do the same with respect to portfolio characteristics, our credit counterparties, and hedge positions. This quarter, given the magnitude of the market developments since Q end, I will basically expand the discussion on each of those points to kind of bring you up to date for the current quarter. Turning to slide four, the results for the quarter ended December 31, Orchid recorded a net loss per share of $0.27. This is comprised of net earnings per share of $0.22, excluding realized and unrealized gains or losses on our RMBS and derivative instruments, including net interest expense on our interest rate swaps.
We had a loss of $0.49 per share from net realized and unrealized losses in RMBS and derivative instruments, including, again, net interest expense on our interest rate swaps. Book value per share was $4.34 at December 31 versus $4.77 at September 30. That's an approximately 9% decline. In Q4 2021, the company declared and subsequently paid $0.195 per share in dividends. Since our initial public offering, the company has declared $12.545 in dividends per share, including the dividend declared in January and February of 2022. The total economic loss of $0.24 per share for the quarter equates to 4.93%. That's not annualized.
Turning to Slide 5 and actually Slide 6, given that there's quite a bit of information to cover in this call, I will just leave these for the readers to peruse at your leisure. I'm not gonna spend any time talking about them. They're actually somewhat backward-looking, since this is stock price performance through the end of the year. With respect to book value, since we don't have all of our peers' book value numbers for Q4, this is only through the third quarter of last year. I'll leave you to look at those at your leisure. Now we can talk about market developments. First, I just wanna pause briefly just to kind of give you the high-level developments during the quarter that shaped what happened, both in Q4 and even to a larger extent, in Q1.
Three basic things. First of all, inflation has accelerated materially. If you go back to the Q2 2021, whether it's CPI or PCE, either measure of inflation has been rising rapidly. The Fed characterized this acceleration as transitory. They have since abandoned that characterization and changed their outlook materially as well. Even if inflation seemed to kinda level off, if you will, with 5% or so annual increases year-over-year during the third quarter. In the Q4 and into 2022, it's accelerated. D epending on your measure, whether it's CPI headline, which is well over 7%, or PCE, which is a little under 6% on a headline basis, these numbers are clearly well above the Fed's target range.
The second development, which has been job growth and wage growth, again, very, very strong. This is all in spite of COVID-19 and Omicron. Thirdly, the byproduct of those two is the development by the Fed, which has pivoted meaningfully. The Fed has a dual mandate, as we all know, which is price stability and full employment. We clearly do not have price stability, and if we are not at full employment, we're very close and on the verge of being so. Starting really in November of last year and again in December and in January of this year, the Fed has meaningfully pivoted, and their outlook for monetary policy has moved materially. That's basically what's happened. Turning to Slide 8, as we typically show the yield curve, both nominal Treasuries and swaps.
Just wanna make three points. First of all, if you look at the left-hand side or the right, you basically see that in this fourth quarter we had a flattening of the curve whereby shorter term rates rise more than longer term rates. The flattening that occurred in Q4 was just a repeat of what happened in Q3 and frankly in Q2. Throughout the last three quarters of 2021, the curve has flattened. That's point one. Point two, the flattening and the magnitude of the flattening and the magnitude of the movement in rates year to date in 2022 exceeds all of the movement we saw over the last three quarters of 2021. Then the final point, this is very true in with respect to Q4, is the longer end rates.
The 10-year did not move in case of nominal Treasuries and only moved slightly with respect to swaps. Even year to date, 2022, if you look at the yield curve, we've seen the 10-year rise by about 50 basis points, that the five years moved by over 80. If I have the exact number through Wednesday, it was 86 basis points. We've seen a meaningful flattening of the curve, and this is all in response to expectations on the part of the market for meaningful Fed interest rate hikes. Slide 9. Again, you see both the 10-year Treasury, 10-year swap on a Q4 only and in the last two years. As you can see, rates were fairly stable in Q4. Since then, 10-year rates have moved higher, basically into a new range.
again, it seems to have stabilized somewhere in the 2% range, and I think that is significant. We'll talk about that a little more later in the call. Slide 10. This is kind of our proxy for our earnings power. This just shows you the slope of the curve between the five-year Treasury and the 30-year bond. And you can see this goes back to our inception. Most recently starting last year, we've seen a pronounced flattening, and this is a trend that is not our friend. This foretells earnings pressure. We got to about 40 basis points at the end, or most recently in this week. It was a little under 62 at the end of the year.
Frankly, if you look in the forward curve, even out six months, it's basically flat or almost zero. Now turning to the performance of the mortgage market. A couple things we need to stress here, and this is really relevant for Orchid. As you can see on the top left-hand side, we're showing the performance of all of these five years and 3 0-year fixed-rate coupons, and we normalize this data back to the beginning of the quarter, so we can show, in our minds, just a clearer picture of relative performance. What's very notable. Remember, we had the Fed announce tapering in November, and we had them accelerate tapering in December. The market's been expecting this, but the Fed is clearly responding to these economic developments, and they're going to rapidly slow their asset purchases.
You might have thought that the production coupons, the coupons that were most purchased by the Fed, would have suffered, especially late in Q4. If you look at this line closely, you can see that Fannie 2.5s were the worst-performing coupon, but Fannie 2s did better than Fannie 4s. In our minds, that's quite counterintuitive. Fannie 3s did fairly poorly, almost as bad as 2.5s. The reason lies in what you see in the bottom left, which is the rolls. Even though the Fed has announced the tapering of their asset purchases, rolls have been persistently high, even into 2022. What's notable here, at least in the fourth quarter and more so in the current quarter, as you can see, 2.5 rolls remain strong.
The 3 roll, which really didn't make much sense to us, assuming how it was, one, a premium mortgage, the underlying cheapest to deliver collateral was paying very fast, and the Fed was not buying them. That roll has been strong, but even more so, a head-scratcher, so to speak, was the 3.5 roll over the course of the fourth quarter improved and has continued to improve more so in the Q1 2022. Unfortunately, if you're an owner of spec securities as we are, developments in the roll market tend to be inversely related to the payups for specs. If you look at the top right, you can see that spec payups have been soft in the end of 2021. On the bottom right, this is a very useful picture.
What this basically shows is the pay-up for what we would call lower quality collateral, higher loan balance still outperforms cheapest to deliver, but it's most sensitive to developments in the roll market. The roll market's the red line. As you can see, towards the end of the year, the roll was trading, this is the Fannie 3 coupon, around five ticks. The pay-up, this is on the left-hand side, was a little over 40. This divergence against in favor of rolls and against specs was unfortunately not the way we were positioned. Year to date, 2022, that red line, which is the roll for Fannie 3s, is now like 8.5 ticks. The pay-up for 225K 3s is well under 20 ticks. That divergence has increased materially.
Turning to Slide 12. This is just a picture on vol. Two points I'll make here. One, really since the end of the Q1 , volatility traded in a fairly well-defined range for most of 2021. Ended the year around 80 basis or 80 normal vols. This is three-month by ten-year. Since year-end it has increased certainly around, meaning higher than where it was, but not meaningfully so. It's really only around 90, sitting here today in this leg. Slide 13. A couple of charts we like to use every quarter. On the left-hand side, these are just nominal OASs for the 30-year coupon stack. As you can see, the lowest two lines there are 30-year 2s and 2.5s.
Those have been the coupons most in favor by the Fed, and they've been very, very tight and were consistently tight even really through the end of the year, even though the tapering was announced. With respect to higher coupons, they were fairly stable as well, although at higher levels. Now somewhat beneficial for us was if you look in the right-hand side, you can see that payoffs for various loan balance threes were pretty stable even into the Q4 . That has changed. All of these numbers that you see on the right-hand side are down between 30 and 40 ticks. Obviously, these are threes. Whereas a 3% coupon traded with a $103 price at the end of the year, now they're more or less the current coupon. Those have dropped significantly since year-end.
Just a picture on the various components of the aggregate indices, fixed rate indices and equities as well. This theme is pretty much the same for both Q4 and the year. Higher risk assets did better, so the S&P, emerging market high yield, domestic high yield did well. TIPS did very well with the increasing inflation, not surprising. Mortgages, unfortunately, were laggards. With respect to Q4, if you were to look at the one of the appendices we have on Page 33, we give you the results for just December. Unfortunately, agency mortgages were on the bottom of the stack. So a rough quarter for mortgages. Turning to kind of the refinancing outlook, these three charts we like to use quite frequently.
Again, top left, we show you the refi index, and it's been trending down in the latter half of 2021. End of the year, as you can see, based on this, somewhere around 2,500. Since year-end, that number, the most recent read this week is about 1,666 or so. It's dropped even more. The red line here is the mortgage rate. Well, it ended the year under 3.4. Today, that number is appreciably higher. It's in the case of the Freddie Mac survey rate, about 3.9. In the case of the Bankrate, it's around a little over four. That's been a meaningful change.
It does appear that you might see some burnout in this slide just because of the way the refi index has been dropping, but really that's not what's going on. If you look at the bottom, you see this shaded area. This just represents the percentage of a mortgage universe that's refinanceable by at least 50 basis points. End of the year, north of 30, it was around 40% at the end of the Q3 . Today, it's under 15%. Really what's happened is just that everybody that could refi pretty much has, and most of the markets are lower coupons. The refi index is quite low, and the percentage of the market that's refinanceable is also very low. Turning to our results of operations on Slide 17. Just want to make a couple of points here.
On the left-hand side, we tend to, like we always do, we disaggregate our earnings per share by what we, you know, our proxy for core, although it's not the same number that we get from our peers, and then the realized and unrealized gains and losses. You can see a rather large number there for unrealized gains and losses. I want to talk about this more in a few moments, but I want to point out on this page that most of the losses that were incurred were unrealized. These securities we still own. Even though they took mark-to-market losses, our realized gains were actually quite small. The portfolio that existed at the beginning of the quarter, for the most part, was still there at the end of the quarter.
With respect to the right side, returns by sector, which, you know, as you all know, we aggregate our capital into either our pass-through strategy, our structured securities, which are predominantly IOs, and to a lesser extent, inverse IOs. Pass-throughs did quite poorly, and IOs did okay. Given the fact that longer rates, and especially in Q4, really didn't move, IOs tend to be sensitive to both longer rates, mortgage rates, and prepayment expectations. While they did okay, they weren't enough to overcome what we saw with respect to pass-throughs. Slide 18, we just kind of give you a picture of our NIM going back. At this juncture, if you look at the green line, that's kind of where we've been, in a pretty stable pattern, slight uptrend actually into the end of the year.
The blue line, the yields on our assets, even though they were up slightly this quarter, based on where we sit today with the long end being fairly stable, we're just not so sure how much that's going to increase because we're pretty sure the red line is. At this juncture, you know, from an earnings perspective, all eyes are on the Fed. The meeting in March is going to be critical. I think, earlier in this quarter, there was a high probability priced in by the market for a 50 basis point hike. I think that's less so now, but I think it will be important for setting the trend. Of course, also, the chairman will speak at a press conference and have a lot more to say about their anticipated path, and we'll get the dot plot.
March will be very critical for kind of setting expectations for the balance of the year for funding rates. We have to be watchful and mindful of the long-term rates because at the end of the day, that's what controls our NIM. At this point, there's quite a bit of uncertainty in terms of the outlook for monetary policy, and that, you know, hopefully will diminish over the course of the year. Slide 19 is just basically more of the same, which we just looked at. Then Slide 20 is just kind of our dividend versus our peers. This is historical information. I don't need to dwell on that now.
Now, turning to Slide 21, there's not much written on this page, but this is where I basically take a chance to kind of pause and spend quite a few moments talking about our positioning, the impact of our positioning on our results, both for Q4 and Q1, and kind of our outlook going forward. After that, we'll continue through the slide deck, and I can give you more depth and detail on our portfolio positioning, our activity in Q4, positioning at the end of the year, activity this year, and kind of our outlook going forward. With that, I want to state that I think that our outlook for the rate markets and the Fed was pretty much correct coming into the end of the year.
Our positioning really since the end of Q1 has been what we would consider defensive in nature. We expected higher rates, not quite the way it played out in terms of the flattening of the curve, but we did expect higher rates. We did expect the Fed to taper, and in response, we avoided production coupons in anticipation to taper, and we expected roll softness, and we overweighted higher coupon specs. That was the way we could generate our income without exposing ourselves to the Fed taper. We did increase our capital allocation to IOs, and we kept our leverage ratio on the lower end of our typical range. However, in Q4, and especially in 2022, spec performance has been poor.
Even with the taper and the acceleration of the taper announced in December and January, rolls have remained quite strong. We've also seen an increase in rates, and we also happen to have the seasonality. You know, we're at the point in the year when speeds tend to be slower, and Fed buying, even though it's diminished, with production lower until at least the last few weeks, Fed purchases are still above production. So all of that has combined to keep rolls strong. As we've said before, and I'll say it again, roll strength impacts payups for specs.
Some of the other nuances which are not as high profile, but still matter is that, the dealer community, which are typically large players in the spec market, they position them either to sell to customers or more often to position them for a few months, collect some very attractive carry and then sell them into the market. They almost exclusively hedge those positions through the TBA market. With the rolls as high as they are, in effect, their hedging costs are quite high. They've been much less of a participant in the market. It's been a negative for specs.
Frankly, with what's going on in the market and the extent of uncertainty that surrounds the mortgage market with tapering and balance sheet runoff and potential QT on the horizon, we're very much in a risk-off market. Mortgages generally have done quite poorly. Where does that leave us? How do we look at the world from this point forward? The answer from our perspective is we still prefer the specified pool market over the TBA market. I'm going to explain to you why we view that way. A few points to make. One, the fact that the long end of the curve has remained fairly stable tells us that the market expects the Fed to be successful in containing inflation. We expect long end rates to probably remain pretty stable for the balance of the year.
Secondly, mortgages have widened a lot, especially in this year. One index that we look at is the spread of a current coupon mortgage to the 10-year. You know, that was trading in the low- to mid-50s last summer. Even as late as January of this year, it was only increased to 78 basis points or 79 basis points. As of yesterday and the day before, it was at 100 basis points or a little higher. Mortgages have widened quite a bit, and they may widen more. There's no question that there's still a lot going on in the market that's generally negative, and we could see some widening in the short term.
Long term, though, I think 100 over the curve is cheap, and I think that mortgages will, by the end of the year or next, will come back and trade in their more historical range, which is kind of a low 80 to mid-80 spread. So for that reason, long term, we like mortgages. Short term, it's going to be challenging. If you think about it, in terms of where we sit in the market today, in my mind, we're at a point of what I would call maximum uncertainty. We have very high degree of range of potential outcomes with respect to the Fed over the course of the year. How fast is the Fed going to run their balance sheet off? Over what time frame? How much are they going to allow it to shrink? Will they do quantitative tightening?
Then we have what happened this week with respect to the Ukraine. We're at a point of very high uncertainty in the market, especially the mortgage market. When that's the case, the market, as it always does, prices in a very high risk premium. I think that's reflected in the spread at which mortgages trade. In a sense, you could say with respect to mortgages, we're kind of at an absolute bottom in the sense that we have all of this uncertainty and really no sponsorship. The Fed buys, but they're diminishing their purchases rapidly. Banks have not been buyers nor have money managers. Really, you have maximum uncertainty or risk premium priced into the mortgage market with no sponsorship. We think this is going to abate, and that's important.
We think that over time, over the course of this year, as the data comes in and the Fed takes action, that over time, the range of outcomes for the Fed will narrow and the market will focus in with higher degrees of comfort on what they view, like, the terminal rate will be. At that point, we think that this risk premium will be able to come off. We also think that rolls will be hard-pressed to maintain these levels without the Fed sponsorship. As rolls come off, that's a positive for specs. There are other factors that lead us to want to continue to own specs on the horizon, kind of secondary factors. One, for instance, is in the fourth quarter this year, the indices will include specs.
To the extent there are benchmark money managers out there, they will be buyers of specs. If roll softness abates, the dealer community can be re-engaged and start to own them. Finally, just the fact that the conforming loan limit increased so much this year, the convexity of the cheapest-to-deliver collateral, TBA collateral, is quite poor, another reason to own specs. Where does that leave us? Well, you know, it's been a rough quarter. We've incurred some mark-to-market losses, as you kind of probably can infer based on what I've said, but we are not inclined to sell. We have no compelling reason to lock in losses. The carry on these assets is very excellent. We have had to reduce our balance sheet some.
We will continue to maintain prudent levels of leverage, but we are very good at managing our liquidity, and we've been able to do that throughout all this period. We've been able to minimize the realized losses that we've incurred both in Q4 and in Q1 to date. We basically have been able to retain a big chunk of this portfolio, and we think, one, that it is going to provide excellent carry over the balance of the year, and two, longer term, the performance outlook is very favorable. With that, I'm going to move through the balance of the slide deck. Won't spend as much time on some of these slides.
Let's first Slide 22, and you can see that with respect to our IO book, it has moved fairly sizably in percentage terms, roughly from 20% to 30%. Some of that is purchases of IOs. Otherwise, it's just market, just the fact that IOs went up in price and pass-throughs down. Year-to-date, that percentage is even higher towards pass-through IOs and for the same reason. We show our activity for the quarter on the right-hand side. I'm not going to dwell on that at this moment. Let's just turn to Slide 24, and I can talk about the portfolio in a little more detail. If you look at this snapshot of the portfolio of December 31, it looks very similar to the way it was at the end of the third quarter. It's just bigger.
We were raising a lot of capital last year, and our total mortgage assets increased by about 16% over the quarter. However, the composition, the breakdown was very stable. In fact, even the WALA only changed by one month. The hedge positions I'll talk about in a moment here. Since year-end, as I mentioned, you know, the market's been very, very bad. We reduced the portfolio by about 20%. The way that we did that is a combination of 2s and 2.5s and 3s, roughly even, a little more and the selling of 2.5s versus 3s. We've recorded realized losses quarter-to-date of about $35 million. If you look at this, just one final point, just our interest rate shocks we ran.
Again, this was as of the end of the year. The profile, you know, is relatively flat, and, you know, that's typically what we strive for. That -$31 million number, even though that's model-based, that represents a fairly low percentage of both assets and equities. Just quickly going through the balance of the slides, Slide 25, the refi index, as I mentioned, is much lower. It's well under 2,000. Our spec allocation's probably up slightly since year-end. It had been declining through the second half of last year, most of last year. Up this year just because of, the relative allocation of sales towards the overquality specs. With respect to our speeds, our portfolio continues to pay very, very slow.
Our pass-throughs prepaid at 9 CPR in the Q4 . Structured were under 2025. So far in 2022, January was even lower than the 9%. It was a little higher in February, but Q1's basically on track to match Q4. It might be slightly lower. Slide 27, just a couple points here. This orange line is the 10-year treasury, and I think what's kind of notable here, we ended the year about 151 basis points, and where we sit today, it's about 200. That's still well below levels observed in 2014, 2017, and 2018, and even early 2019. Yet refinancing activity is lower, and the real reason is just that we've basically gotten everybody into a lower coupon, and there's very little of the index, of the mortgage universe that's refinanceable.
In terms of our speeds, what we could observe over the year, I'm not so sure if we get to the low levels we saw back in 2013 and 2014, but we would expect them to be below that dotted line for this year. Slide 28 just talks about our leverage. We're targeting somewhere, you know, 7.5x to 8.0x. That's where we are today. It looked like we took a dip in the end of the second quarter. That's really misleading. We were raising capital back then, and we raised a slug right before quarter end. Early in Q3, that number was back up around 8.0x. It will be down slightly from there kind of going forward. Finally, with respect to our hedges, I'll kind of talk about this from two perspectives.
One, what we did in Q4, and then what we've done in Q1. Starting on the top left with respect to our futures, the futures position grew quite a bit in Q4, more so on the five-year point of the curve. As I mentioned, we've seen a tremendous amount of flattening. When I said we were positioned defensively coming into Q4, that was more of a bias towards the long end in terms of hedges. We've shifted that, added to the 5-year sector, and also ultras. With respect to the TBAs, we did add some 3.0x as of the end of the year. That was zero at the end of Q3. That actually was basically gone now.
With respect to our swaps, as you can see over the course of the quarter, there was nothing done at all. Since the end of the quarter though, we've moved those. Some of the three- to five-year bucket, those were just older four- and five-year swaps that were rolling down the curve. We extended those out to the seven-year point of the curve. We have put on one trade since year-end, which it's not really relevant for this discussion. We can talk about that at the end of the quarter. That's about it.
Those are the extent of our prepared remarks. With that, operator, we can turn the call over to questions and field any questions anybody might have.
Thank you. At this time, I'd like to remind everyone, in order to ask a question, press Star, then the number one on your telephone keypad. We'll pause for just a moment to compile the Q&A roster. We'll take our first question from Jason Stewart with Jones Trading. Your line is open.
Great, thanks. Good morning.
Hey.
Thanks for taking the question. How are you? I wanted to start with just two quick things. One, if I missed year-to-date book value, if you could give me that. Two, maybe a quick update on how you're thinking about share repurchase activity, in light of where the stock is relative to book.
Yeah. Well, I did not say it. It's down close to 20%, owing to the fact that, especially in February with the move in TBAs and specs. With respect to share activity, we have not been able to do that while we're in our blackout period. Also, given the magnitude of developments in the market during the quarter, we certainly didn't feel comfortable doing anything until that news was fully in the market. Now that it is, we are in a position to continue to use our share repurchase plan. We did increase the size materially in December, up to 10% of our outstanding. To the extent the stock is trading below book, we have every intention to use that.
Gotcha. Okay. Going to thinking about the dividend, based on a current book, I mean, that sort of has the current $0.055 run rate is a fairly high ROE or implied ROE payout. How do you sort of foot that with the current economics and, you know, do you feel like you get credit for it? Thoughts on leaving it at $0.055?
I would say that the outlook is not favorable for the dividend. We really wanna see what happens in March. I think that's a pretty pivotal month decision. As I said, you know, not even two weeks ago, the market was pricing in a pretty high probability of 50. That's come off, especially with the developments in Ukraine. We really wanna see what they do and what they say, what the dot plot looks like. It's quite possible there may be an adjustment, but we just wanna make sure we kinda have a better feel for what we're looking at before we do so. Obviously, you know, I mentioned on the call that, the forward curve out even six months is inverted.
This is not a favorable environment for levered bond investors or levered investors of any kind. I hope you can extract from that what you will.
Right. Got it. Okay. Last one, and then I'll jump out. If we just take a bigger picture view of payups and sort of, CPRs moving to a natural rate of turnover, you know.
Mm-hmm
At some point, there's little risk left in owning, you know, specified pools. How much risk do you think is left in the portfolio in terms of payup premium or do you feel like we're already sort of at that point where it's an even economic trade, and there's only upside?
Yeah, I think we're close. I don't know if we're there. I don't know if you make much out of what happened late yesterday and today, where mortgages have rebounded. I t seems like near term, we've gone through a lot of widening, and specs have really suffered with the rolls. W e own threes predominantly, as you know. In the Q3 , Q4 , those were $103 prices. Now they're current coupon. Depending on the story, you know, those payups are very low. Could they get a little lower? Probably. The outlook going forward, I think, is very asymmetric.
The fact that the long end has stayed where it is and the market seems comfortable with the Fed's ability to contain inflation, I think as we go through the year and the Fed does hike, you know, they often overshoot, as we all know. It could be that, you know, not long from now, a year or so from now, we're looking at, the market starts pricing in the next recession. We're very keen on trying to maintain that optionality. That's why we're not gonna sell all these specs, even if there is a little near-term pain, 'cause we think long term. You know, for instance, if we were putting new money to work today, what would you buy? I think they represent, value.
The earnings outlook isn't so great just 'cause of the Fed, but, from an asset-only perspective, they look very attractive, and we're trying to maintain that optionality. We're doing our best with respect to managing our liquidity, trying to keep our leverage ratio prudent, but trying to maximize how many of these we can hold on to, because we think they have good carry in the near term and upside in the long term.
Got it. Thanks, Bob. I appreciate it.
Yep.
Okay. Next, we'll go to Christopher Nolan with Ladenburg Thalmann. Your line's open.
Hey, Bob.
Yes
given that it's an election year, historically, how has the mortgage market responded to that?
I don't know that there is much. It's not a presidential year, so the focus will only be on the congressional and Senate races. I don't expect that. I mean, the only instance, and I'll ask, Hunter to chime in, the only time we've really seen elections affect markets is through the Fed and maybe the perceived reluctance on the part of the Fed to do a lot to disturb the economy in the run-up to an election, a presidential election. I don't think I've ever seen that with respect to other races, and I wouldn't expect one this year. No, I don't think I would add to that.
It's just to the extent that, it's either going to stoke the fires of inflation or cool it off a little bit, you know, to, you know, reversal of some of the energy policies perhaps or if you go cutting the other way, or if you have a strong push and a willing Congress to push through some sort of an infrastructure project on top of hyperinflation that we're seeing, that could be bad for us. Other than that, I wouldn't expect it to be material.
Great. I guess, just to follow up in terms of the portfolio declines, are you anticipating any further reduction in the portfolio size in the rest of the quarter?
We could if, you know, if the market continues to move against us. We're doing everything we can to maximize our retention subject to the constraint that we're not gonna let our leverage ratio get out of control because we need to maintain lots of liquidity. To the extent the market goes more against us and our, book value were to come down and our leverage would go up, we would have to prune if as needed. Yeah, the last few months have been sort of a slower evolving version of the taper tantrum we saw in 2013. I think when the dust settles, you know. When the dust settled then as well as now, there were opportunities to be had, and I think that continues to be the case.
For us, we're just taking day to day, making sure that we have ample liquidity to deal with continued weakness in the mortgage market so that we can meet all of our margin calls and maintain leverage that's reasonable. That's kinda how we're going about this. When things start to calm down a little bit, I think we can reassess and see, what the longer-term vision is going to be.
Got it. Thanks, guys.
A reminder, it's star one if you have a question. Next we'll go to Mikhail Goberman with JMP Securities. Your line's open.
Hi. Good morning. I just have a quick follow-up on that portfolio reduction question. You said you reduced it by about 20% since year-end, mostly in 2.5s and 3.0s. Did you reduce the IO portfolio at all, or is it all just in the pass-throughs?
Pass-throughs.
Okay.
That percentage would be higher.
Right. IOs are now a bigger percentage of the portfolio. I think I remember you saying that the TBA shorts that you had on as of the end of the year are gone now. Is that right?
As of the end of the year are gone, yeah. If, you know, what we will do sometimes when we sell assets, we'll sell TBA and then fill with pools.
Mm-hmm.
That's really not a hedge trade so much as just a means to facilitate a trade or a sale. We buy the same way. A lot of times we buy on swap as well.
All right. That's it for me. It sounds like a pretty difficult environment right now. Wishing you guys best luck going forward.
Yeah, it's been a brutal quarter to be a mortgage investor, and kind of abandoned by everybody. Nobody wants to own them. If you know anybody who wants to buy $ a few billion, let us know.
I'll keep my eyes out.
Okay.
Thanks.
Well, I'm showing we have no further questions. I'll now turn it back over to Bob Cauley for any additional or closing remarks.
Thank you, operator. Thank you, everybody. Appreciate your interest. As always, to the extent you have further calls or questions, you wanna contact us directly, feel free to contact us at the office. Our number is 772-231-1400. Otherwise, we look forward to talking to you next quarter. Thank you.
That does conclude today's conference call. You may now disconnect.