Welcome to the first quarter 2020 Phillips 66 earnings conference call. My name is David, and I will be your operator for today's call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. Later, we will conduct a question and answer session. Please note that this conference is being recorded. I will now turn the call over to Jeff Dietert, Vice President, Investor Relations. Jeff, you may begin.
Good morning, and welcome to Phillips 66 first quarter earnings conference call. Participants on today's call will include Greg Garland, Chairman and CEO, Kevin Mitchell, Executive Vice President and CFO, Bob Herman, Executive Vice President, Refining, Brian Mandell, Executive Vice President, Marketing and Commercial, and Tim Roberts, Executive Vice President, Midstream. Today's presentation material can be found on the Investor Relations section of the Phillips 66 website, along with supplemental financial and operating information. Slide two contains our safe harbor statement. We will be making forward-looking statements during the presentation and our Q&A session. Actual results may differ materially from today's comments. Factors that could cause actual results to differ are included here, as well as in our SEC filings. With that, I'll turn the call over to Greg Garland for opening remarks.
Thanks, Jeff. Good morning, everyone. Thank you for joining us today. Before addressing the quarter, we want to comment on the current environment. First and foremost, our focus continues to be on the well-being of our employees and their families, our communities, maintaining safe and reliable operations, and ensuring the financial and operational strength of our company. Our business is essential, and we're focused on providing critical energy products and services for our customers. The safety and health of our workforce is our top priority. Phillips 66 has implemented appropriate steps to protect our workforce that are consistent with CDC, national, state, and local directives. We've limited our operating facilities to business-critical staff and implemented strict protocols to prevent introduction and spread of the coronavirus. In our Houston and Bartlesville offices, over 95% of our employees are working remotely.
Our employees have stepped up to the challenge during these unprecedented times and are adopting new ways of working to ensure business continuity. Our plan today for our company, we have them in place to ensure a safe return to our normal operations. We contributed $3 million to COVID-19 relief efforts in the communities where we live and operate. The funds will provide essential support for first responders, food banks, healthcare, and other critical organizations serving vulnerable populations. We recently announced actions in response to the challenging business environment. We're focused on conserving cash and maintaining strong liquidity to manage through this unprecedented down cycle. We secured a $2 billion term loan facility and issued $1 billion of senior unsecured notes. We suspended share repurchases in March. We've taken action to reduce costs by $500 million this year.
The organization is doing a great job of identifying opportunities and efficiencies. We're leveraging our AdvantEdge66 initiatives to achieve these cost savings. We're reducing consolidated capital spending by $700 million. This reduction will be partly offset by a $400 million increase as DCP Midstream will not be exercising its option to participate in Sweeny Fracs 2 and 3 this year. In Midstream, we've deferred the Red Oak Pipeline and Sweeny Frac 4 projects. Phillips 66 Partners has also deferred Liberty Pipeline and postponed its final investment decision on the ACE Pipeline. In Refining, we're deferring and canceling certain discretionary projects. We continue to fund sustaining capital to ensure safe and reliable operations. We're executing the in-flight projects that are near to completion. We deferred some turnarounds until later this year and also into 2021.
We've reduced refinery runs across the system in response to lower product demand and margins. In April, our crude capacity utilization was in the high 60% range. These steps provide additional liquidity and flexibility as we navigate this global crisis. By doing so, we're protecting the company of operating cash flow, or $736 million, excluding working capital. We returned $839 million to our shareholders. During the quarter, we achieved strong safety performance. We continue to strive toward a zero-incident, zero-accident workplace. We're executing our strategy and progressing major growth projects. The Gray Oak Pipeline commenced full operations of West Texas service on April 1st. More recently, the Eagle Ford segment of the pipeline started operations, marking completion of the project. At the Beaumont Terminal, we added 2.2 million barrels of fully contracted crude oil storage, increasing the terminal's total crude and product storage capacity to 16.8 million barrels.
We continue to advance Midstream growth projects scheduled for completion this year, including Sweeny Fracs 2 and 3, Beaumont Dock 4, as well as PSXP's Clemens Caverns expansion and the South Texas Gateway Terminal. These projects are progressing well as planned. In Chemicals, CPChem and Qatar Petroleum are jointly pursuing development of petrochemical facilities on the U.S. Gulf Coast and in Qatar. CPChem continued front-end engineering design for its U.S. Gulf Coast project and advanced joint venture discussions with this partner. CPChem has deferred a final investment decision on the Gulf Coast project. In Refining, we completed the FCC unit upgrade at the Sweeny Refinery to increase production of higher-value petrochemical products and higher-octane gasoline. The project was completed on time and within budget.
In Marketing, our West Coast retail joint venture is expected to close on the acquisition of approximately 100 sites in the second quarter of 2020, as previously announced. The joint venture enables increased long-term placement of our refinery production and increases exposure to retail margins. In closing, we're honored that five of our refineries were recently recognized by AFPM for their 2019 safety performance. Our Ferndale, Santa Maria, Borger, Lake Charles, and Bayway refineries received distinguished safety awards. This is the highest annual safety award in our industry and the fourth year in a row that our refineries have received this honor. AFPM also recognized CPChem's Borger, Conroe, Orange, and Port Arthur facilities for exemplary 2019 safety performance. Congratulations to all those facilities. We're proud of you. Really well done. With that, I'm going to turn the call over to Kevin to go through the financials.
Thank you, Greg. Hello, everyone. Starting with an overview on slide four, we summarize our financial results. We reported a first quarter loss of $2.5 billion. We had special items amounting to an after-tax loss of $2.9 billion. This includes a $1.8 billion impairment of Refining segment goodwill and a $1.2 billion pre-tax impairment of the company's investment in DCP Midstream. After excluding special items, adjusted earnings were $450 million, or $1.02 per share. Operating cash flow was $736 million excluding working capital. Adjusted capital spending for the quarter was $900 million, including $644 million for growth projects. We returned $839 million to shareholders through $396 million of dividends and $443 million of share repurchases. We ended the quarter with 437 million shares outstanding. Moving to slide five. This slide highlights the change in pre-tax income by segment from the fourth quarter to the first quarter.
During the period, adjusted earnings decreased $239 million, driven by lower results in Refining. The first quarter adjusted effective tax rate was 4%. The lower rate was primarily due to a higher proportion of income attributable to non-controlling interests and foreign operations relative to domestic results in a low-earnings environment. Our rate was further reduced by impacts from state taxes and recent tax changes under the CARES Act. Slide six shows our Midstream results. First quarter adjusted pre-tax income was $460 million, an increase of $55 million from the previous quarter. Transportation adjusted pre-tax income was $200 million, down $50 million from the previous quarter. The decrease was due to lower equity affiliate earnings, largely reflecting reduced volume commitments on the REX Pipeline. In addition, decreased refinery utilization impacted volumes on our pipelines and terminals.
On April 1st, the Gray Oak Pipeline began the full operation of West Texas service. Later in April, the Eagle Ford segment came online. The pipeline is now fully operational. NGL and other delivered record adjusted pre-tax income of $179 million. The $59 million increase from the prior quarter was due to propane and butane trading activity, as well as record margins at the Sweeny Hub. The Freeport LPG export facility averaged 13 cargos per month. The fractionator ran at 114% utilization. DCP Midstream adjusted pre-tax income of $81 million was up $46 million from the previous quarter. The increase reflects hedging gains driven by lower commodity prices as well as lower operating costs. In response to the challenging environment, DCP Midstream is reducing costs, reducing growth capital by 75%, and recently cut the quarterly distribution by 50%. Turning to Chemicals on slide seven.
First quarter adjusted pre-tax income was $193 million, up $20 million from the fourth quarter. Olefins and polyolefins adjusted pre-tax income was $193 million. The $39 million increase from the previous quarter is due to higher polyethylene sales volumes, reflecting increased demand in the first quarter, primarily for food packaging and medical supplies following lower seasonal fourth quarter demand. Global O&P utilization was 98%. Adjusted pre-tax income for SA&S decreased $23 million due to low margins and higher turnaround activity. During the first quarter, we received $33 million in cash distributions from CPChem. CPChem is taking steps to reduce 2020 capital by $600 million and operating costs by $300 million. Turning to Refining on slide eight. Refining first quarter adjusted pre-tax loss was $401 million, down from adjusted pre-tax income of $345 million last quarter.
Across our system, the weaker results were largely due to lower realized margins and volumes, as well as higher turnaround costs. Realized margins for the quarter decreased by 25% to $7.11 per barrel. Crude utilization was 83%, compared with 97% last quarter. The first quarter was impacted by significant turnaround activity, economic run cuts, as well as unplanned downtime. We completed turnarounds at the Alliance, Sweeny, and Los Angeles refineries. In addition, we had outages at the Bayway and Ponca City refineries. Pretax turnaround costs were $329 million, an increase of $97 million from the previous quarter. The first quarter clean product yield was 82%, a decrease from the prior quarter due to downtime on secondary units. Slide nine covers market capture. The 3:2:1 market crack for the first quarter was $9.82 per barrel, compared to $12.45 per barrel in the fourth quarter.
Realized margin was $7.11 per barrel and resulted in an overall market capture of 72%. Market capture in the previous quarter was 76%. Market capture is impacted by refinery configuration. We make less gasoline and more distillate than premised in the 3:2:1 market crack. During the quarter, the distillate crack decreased approximately $4 per barrel, and the gasoline crack declined by almost $2 per barrel. Losses from secondary products of $1.32 per barrel improved $1.03 per barrel from the previous quarter due to falling crude prices. Losses from feedstock were $0.21 per barrel. Feedstock advantage declined $1.23 per barrel from the prior quarter. The decrease is primarily due to timing of crude purchases relative to crude runs. The other category reduced realized margins by $0.17 per barrel. This was an improvement of $0.37 per barrel from the prior quarter, driven by clean product price realizations.
Moving to Marketing and Specialties on slide 10. Adjusted first quarter pretax income was $488 million, $201 million higher than the fourth quarter. Marketing and other increased $197 million from higher realized margins, reflecting the impact of falling refined product spot prices, partly offset by lower volumes. Specialties increased $4 million due to higher finished lubricant margins. We reimaged 250 domestic branded sites during the first quarter, bringing the total to approximately 4,440 since the start of the program. In our international Marketing business, we reimaged 11 European sites, bringing the total to approximately 90 since the program's inception. Refined product exports in the first quarter were 160,000 barrels per day, compared with 157,000 barrels per day in the fourth quarter. On slide 11, the corporate and other segment had adjusted pretax costs of $197 million, an improvement of $14 million from the prior quarter.
The decrease is primarily due to lower employee-related expenses, partially offset by higher charitable contributions. Slide 12 shows the change in cash during the quarter. We started the year with $1.6 billion in cash on our balance sheet. Cash from operations was $736 million excluding working capital. There was a working capital use of $519 million. Consolidated debt increased by $1.2 billion. We funded $900 million of adjusted capital spending and returned $839 million to shareholders, including $443 million through share repurchases. On March 18th, we suspended our share repurchase program. Our ending cash balance was $1.2 billion. We are focused on conserving cash and maintaining strong liquidity in the current environment. At March 31st, we had $6.9 billion of liquidity, reflecting $1.2 billion of consolidated cash, a $5 billion revolving credit facility at Phillips 66, and a $750 million revolving credit facility at Phillips 66 Partners.
Phillips 66 has a commercial paper program for short-term funding needs. In April, we paid off $525 million of maturing debt, executed $1 billion in bond issuances, and secured $1 billion of incremental term loan capacity, which is currently undrawn. S&P and Moody's reaffirmed Phillips 66 investment-grade credit ratings of BBB+ and A3, respectively. This concludes my review of the financial and operating results. Next, I'll cover a few outlook items. In Chemicals, we expect the second quarter global O&P utilization rate to be in the mid-90s. In Refining, crude utilization will be adjusted according to market conditions. In April, utilization was in the high 60% range. We expect second quarter pretax turnaround expenses to be between $45 million and $70 million. We anticipate second quarter Corporate and Other costs to come in between $200 million and $220 million pre-tax. With that, we'll now open the line for questions.
Thank you. We will now begin the question-and-answer session. As we open the call for questions, as a courtesy to all participants, please limit yourself to one question and a follow-up. If you have a question, please press star then one on your touch-tone phone. If you wish to be removed from the queue, please press the pound key. If you are using a speakerphone, you may need to pick up the handset first before pressing the numbers. Once again, if you have a question, please press star then one on your touch-tone phone. Your first question comes from the line of Neil Mehta from Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead. Your line is open.
Good morning. Thanks team for taking the question. The first one is just around what you guys are seeing real time on demand. You have a large Marketing system, so any real-time data points would be valuable. If you could tie that into your comments on utilization. You ran in the high 60s in April, and recognizing there's probably some commercial limitations on the terms of how you're able to talk about how you expect that to go forward. Any thoughts as you think about planning for May and June on the utilization side?
Hey, Neil, thanks for the question. We have line of sight in Western Europe where we have stores and also in the U.S. We'll start with Western Europe. At the worst of the demand destruction, we were down about 70%. We've seen things come back. We're about 50% now. In Germany and Austria, they're starting to open up those communities a little bit. Bigger stores can now open. If you come over to the U.S., we were seeing 40%-50% demand destruction depending on rural or urban areas. That's up to about 35%. Things are getting better. In terms of refinery utilization, we are matching our utilization with demand. As demand moves up, we are moving up our utilization as well. We got down to about 65% utilization when demand was at its worst.
Neil, as you think about gasoline demand, consumer-driven, roughly 35% of gasoline demand is driving to and from work. Recent statistics show over 90% of the U.S. population under some form of lockdown, and the pace of recovery is going to be driven by the impact of COVID-19 and the relief from these policies. About 16 states have scheduled to lift stay-at-home policies and public opinion is starting to rally towards restarting the economy. As people come back to work and start driving, they'll be greeted with lower gasoline prices, down about 40% year-on-year at retail, and support from a $6 trillion stimulus package, which should support recovery as well.
Yeah, I appreciate that. The follow-up is on the Marketing side of the business, where earnings came in better than at least our model for the first quarter. Just any guidance or the way we should think about that as we go into 2Q and 3Q, recognizing volumes would be down. Any thoughts in terms of how you see the next six months from a margin standpoint, and whether that could be an offset?
Thanks, Neil. Certainly, Marketing speaks to the benefit of diversity in our portfolio. As you might know, in Europe where we had very strong margins, we have about 80% of our stores in Western Europe are retail-owned, company-owned stores. We get the benefit of the retail margin in that segment. The retail margin was very strong. I'll say for the first quarter until about mid-March, when COVID hit, we were running above budget volumes. When COVID hit, we came off. For the quarter, probably about 90% of volumes, but margins two to three times what we had budgeted for margins. Very strong margins, typical of falling flat price. Really did a good job there.
In the U.S., where most of our stores are jobber-owned or wholesaler-owned stores, still decent volumes in the U.S. and margins not as good as overseas, but we had good margins in the U.S. too with falling prices.
Your next question comes from the line of Doug Terreson with Evercore ISI. Please go ahead. Your line is open.
Good morning, everybody.
Hey, Doug.
Morning.
Greg, you guys have been an originator of the disciplined capital management approach, and it's obviously served your shareholders well during the upturn and now the downturn too. Kudos to the team for that. While you reiterated your commitment today, we're in an unusual period of high industry stress, which is usually associated with consolidation if financial and strategic merit is available. My question is, while you've historically used your internal capital management program to drive value, and you guys have obviously been successful, your peers have often used acquisitions. I wanted to see how you'd frame the strategic opportunity set today, whether you think it's that different from prior downturns, and also any other notable color or philosophy that you can share on this topic.
Sure. Well, thanks, Doug. This is 40 years for me in the business. This is my first global pandemic, but I've been through several economic crises. What I always tell people is that, single point in time forecasts in the middle of a crisis are always dangerous and often wrong. That was true at crude was $100 and crude was $20. We always view our business through the lens of mid-cycle, Doug. We think that's the appropriate way to do it. We've had this 60/40 allocation framework, 60% kind of reinvested back in our business and 40% return to shareholders. We still think that's a good framework. Obviously, protect the dividend as we go through that. We're going to come out of this on the other side of this.
As I think about $6 billion-$7 billion of cash flow at mid-cycle, and I acknowledge we're certainly not at $6 billion, and then we've kind of guided to $1 billion-$2.5 billion of share repurchase, $1 billion-$2.5 billion of growth capital. As I look at all the CapEx cuts that I'm seeing in the Upstream business, 30% in that range or higher for some, I think that the Midstream investable opportunities are going to be challenged in 2021. While we're a long way to December when we would normally set our capital budget, today I would tell you we would probably guide to the low end of that in just terms of the organic investable opportunities that meet our hurdle rates.
As you think about that, we think as we get into 2021, we're back towards more mid-cycle conditions for the most part in terms of Refining margins, chemical margins, et cetera. Cash certainly generation will improve. We'll probably pay down some debt, have the opportunity to restart the share repurchase program. As I think about the dividend today at $1.6 billion, it's very affordable for us. In our normal cycle, we would look at probably increasing the dividend at mid-year, this is certainly the prerogative of the Board.
As you think about, we're three times the 10-year average dividend yield of S&P 100. I don't think there's a necessity for us to do something immediately, because we'll get in the back half of the year, we'll have a lot of opportunities to think about what do we do with the dividend in terms of increasing it in the back half. To your question around M&A or acquisitions. First point is never try to catch a falling knife, obviously.
Right.
As I think about PSX and how we're positioned, great diverse portfolio, strong balance sheet. We're well-positioned to do what we need to do. The best thing is we don't have to do anything on the M&A front. We have great opportunities to create value for our shareholders so we can be highly selective. There's a lot of examples out there today of folks that have done the M&A side of it, and it's really hard to create value doing that. While I do think that there will be consolidation that comes both in Upstream and Midstream, through the balance of this year into 2021, just given the stress levels that people have. There could be opportunities to pick up assets, if not even whole companies.
I think you'll see us look at everything, but we'll be very careful and very selective about what we might do, Doug.
Okay. Good framework, Greg. Thanks a lot.
Thank you.
Your next question comes from the line of Doug Leggate from BofA. Please go ahead. Your line is open.
Thanks, everyone. I'm a bit reticent. I want to check you can hear me okay.
Yes.
Okay, good stuff.
We can hear you clear, Doug.
They're having some Yeah, I think Chevron cut their IT budget it seems but, anyway. I've just got a couple of questions. I guess first of all, Greg, when you look at what's happening to gasoline and distillate, they've got kind of contrasting fortunes right now. Valero made a comment on their call the other day that they expect the market or the industry to move quickly to rebalance the distillate side of the equation. I just wonder if you could offer your thoughts as to what Phillips thinks of that situation and how you might try and address it at your level.
Yeah.
I've got a follow-up, please.
Yeah. Let me just make some overarching comments, and then Brian or Jeff can come in. I actually think that if you think about the energy space and energy sector, Doug, I actually think Refining may well lead that space out of this. I suspect, in the U.S., it's going to be around gasoline. People have been cooped up. They want to drive. I think they're going to be reluctant to go get in the middle seat on an airplane at first, and I think that will come. We saw that certainly after 9/11, people, it took a while to get back in the space. I think, being in quarantine and being cooped up and just going crazy in the house, people are going to want to get out, and that should actually bring gasoline demand back pretty good.
Indeed, we've seen gasoline cracks move up and not quite on parity with distillate. As the economy starts to pick up, my view is that distillate demand is also going to pick up as we get the economy moving again. I mean, the real answer to the dilemma that we're facing today and an energy impact for many companies is we've got to get demand going again. Brian or Jeff, if you want to come in on top of that, please do.
I would say too, Doug, if you take a look at refinery yields between January and April in the U.S., you could see gasoline was down from 50% to 44%. Jet was down from 11% to 5%, half as much jet made, and distillate was up 9%, 29% to 38%. A lot of the jet into the distillate refiners moved from a gasoline economy to a distillate economy. And as a refiner, we continue to watch the cracks as an example. Now gasoline is over distillate in the West Coast. We think about that and we think about opportunities to move our refineries to make the products that people want. I think you also see some gasoline come out of storage now, and you'll see some distillate go into storage as demand starts to continue to increase.
Distillate, if you take a look at the distillate contango and the crude contango, it's about the same from prompt to December. There's an incentive to store distillate as well, and I think you'll see some storage as well.
That's really helpful color. Thank you. I guess my follow-up is, we've all been asking, at least in those that were reported so far, the E&Ps, how they respond to price signals in terms of how quickly they'll go back to putting rigs back to work and all the rest of it. I realize that's a longer-dated question, but I wanted to ask you the same question about refinery utilization, because the export market has obviously been a big sink for, I guess, excess product for a number of years now. Given the uncertainty in the global market, whether you've got maybe a more specific issue here in the U.S., I mean, when you see margins rebound, how quickly do you think you'll move your utilization up?
Would you also be a little bit more paced or measured in the way that you respond to allow those margins to maybe get themselves a little stability at a higher level before you start moving to a higher level? I just want to think from a behavioral standpoint, how you guys are anticipating coming out the other side of this.
Well, I mean, first of all, the margins will lead us where we'll go, Doug. I mean, it'll tell us where we need to increase rates or not. You won't just increase rates to increase rates, I think. Maybe it'd be good, Bob, if you would talk. We've really prepared the refineries to bring them back if we need to. You may want to talk a little bit about that, then I'll let Jeff come in over the top and then talk. Bob, if you would.
Yeah. As we ramped our refineries down, we actually found ways to get down to lower utilization than we would've ever imagined, I think, going into this, Doug.
We've been pretty careful about how we park the units that we've shut down completely. We do have some FCCs down and reformers to unmake gasoline in the Middle East. We've kept our subject matter experts busy making sure that we're ready to run when the signals are there. I think we're going to be pretty careful, though, about not bringing capacity back on too quickly, because the last thing we or anybody else wants to do is start a unit up and then shut it down a week later or a couple of weeks later. I think we're going to look for a pretty strong and a pretty stable demand signal from the market before we start ramping up units that might be idled right now.
Yeah. I think as we think about demand, it's really the combination of domestic demand and exports into the international market. It's a combination of both. As you know, China kind of had the COVID first, and it's recovering. We're seeing that 80%, 90% back up. Strong recovery in China, Europe, and then the U.S. kind of got hit next, and those markets are starting to improve. Latin America, Central America were the last ones to get hit with the COVID impact, we're seeing a little bit of weakness there. It's really a holistic approach to demand overall that we're using as a guide to run our refineries at the rate that matches that recovery.
Your next question comes from the line of Roger Read from Wells Fargo. Please go ahead. Your line is open.
Yeah, thanks. Good morning.
Roger.
Just kind of following up a little bit on Doug's question there about how things come back and all that. Do you have a feeling for what is the inventory overage as you think about it from the Refining down to the retail level? I mean, obviously we get the gasoline stats every week, but would your view be that that's as stacked full of inventory as everything else we look at or that that might be a little bit better? I'm just trying to think of the timing of recovery here as demand slowly starts to pick back up.
I think as we look at inventories as a percent of shale capacity, crude inventory is running at a higher percentage than products. Especially at Cushing, there's about 92 million barrels a day of shale capacity there. If you look historically, Cushing inventories have kind of maxed out about 75% of shale. That would be about 70 million barrels at Cushing, and we're currently at 63 million barrels. That's an area where crude inventories are high relative to the capacity that's available. Gasoline distillate, some of the products, lower utilization of shale capacity at this point. Obviously, regional and local dynamics are extremely important, and we're factoring that into how we run the refineries to meet demand and the infrastructure that's available there.
We have the addition of a flywheel for gasoline because PADD 1 is an import market. Roger, if you take a look at just the last DOE's, 160,000 barrels of gasoline came into PADD 1. That's about 25% at this time of year that or 75% less, 25% of what typically comes in in PADD 1. That's kind of the flywheel as we think about gasoline demand in the U.S. The bottom line is refiners will produce just what demand is. We won't overproduce, and that'll keep us from filling up. We're far from filling up now globally or U.S.-wide, we don't have any concerns on clean.
Greg, this question is probably for you. The performance of Chemicals utilization in Q1, the guidance for a pretty strong Q2. Can you give us an idea of what's driving that? Why Chemicals has been managed or is managing to stay a lot stronger on the demand side than what we're seeing across most of the rest of the business ops?
I think you kind of just start with a geographically diverse sales mix for CPChem and the fact that the high-density products that they make go into more consumer-type markets. A lot of the chemical peers have a lot more exposure in automotive, and automotive's been hit really hard. If you think about detergent bottles and bleach bottles and hand sanitizer bottles, those things are flying off the shelf, and those are the kinds of things that CPChem makes. You're seeing a resurgence of disposable packaging as communities ban reusable bags and go back to the disposable bags. That's been it. I think that one of the things we've seen is really strong demand across all segments of all geographies. Good demand in Asia, good demand in Europe, and good demand in the U.S. It's really product portfolio driven.
Your next question comes from the line of Phil Gresh with JPMorgan. Please go ahead. Your line is open.
Yes. Hi there.
Hey, Phil.
First question I have is probably best for Kevin. Just want to get some of your thoughts on the moving pieces here in the first quarter on cash flow. Free cash flow was negative in the quarter. There were some line items in CFO that looked negative there that didn't really have much of a description to them. Also as I think about the underlying performance, the Refining capture rates pretty varied depending on the region. Just any underlying color you could give on the performance in the quarter there.
Yeah. Phil, Q1 is usually a weak cash generation quarter anyway. You're right that on the cash flow statement, if you dig into the details, deferred taxes was a use of cash, normally that's an add back. That is specifically associated with the DCP impairment. If you sort of normalize for that, you would've had a sort of modest $200 million inflow on cash on that particular line item. There's certain details like that have an impact on the overall. I would say, I think we're pretty pleased that from a working capital standpoint, typically a use of cash in the first quarter, it was this time, probably less than what we've historically seen.
Some of that's a function of, you may remember in fourth quarter, we did not recover all of our 2019 working capital the way we had anticipated. The reality is, a lot of the inventory drawdown in the fourth quarter rolled into Q1 of this year from a cash standpoint, just based on the timing of when those barrels were sold. We've also been pretty aggressive in looking at other opportunities to sort of optimize around working capital. The other comment, just from an overall standpoint, we announced actions to reduce capital, reduce costs. In the context of the first quarter, our spending really was. Those activities were already sort of set in place and very little ability to directly influence capital.
If you annualize our capital number for 1 Q, you'll get quite a higher number than what we expect the full year to be. There's no doubt we did consume cash. We issued $1.2 billion of debt over the quarter, and we ended the quarter with less cash than we started. That is the reality of the environment. It was a tough environment and of course, the high Refining turnaround costs are a drag as well that you typically don't have in a normal steady state quarter. I think I'll leave it at that.
Okay. No, that's helpful. My second question is on Chemicals, probably for Greg, given your experience in this business for a long period of time. We've clearly seen oil prices come down, naphtha feedstocks getting more competitive. You announced that you're deferring the decision on the two crackers to 2021. Is there anything about this situation that you think has structurally changed in any way that the feedstock advantage of your facilities these are the naphtha-based facilities longer term. As we look at the current environment, how do you think about trough fundamentals for Chemicals for your business? Are we essentially there at this point? Thanks.
First of all, there's no question as crude prices have come down, that spread between, let's say, natural gas and crude has certainly diminished for LPG crackers such as CPChem. That's true Middle East or U.S. Gulf Coast. I would also say that $20 crude's not sustainable in our view. We think crude will ultimately normalize, and then we'll see that spread opportunity capture come back to us. Today our view is there's certainly sufficient NGLs to crack. When you look at the crack space today, naphtha's pretty competitive in that crack space. The C5, C4s are very competitive in that crack space. One of the things that we're seeing in Chemicals today, though, that's unusual is given the automotive downturn, we're not consuming tires. So making the butadiene go away is becoming a bigger and bigger issue.
As you know, naphtha makes a lot of co-products, which butadiene is one of them. The tanks are full, industry's looking at co-cracking butadiene now just to make it go away. That will ultimately start to impact the economics of naphtha in that mix because it's so highly dependent on the value of the co-products. I would suggest that for the balances this year, you should expect the feedstocks in that Chemicals chain to be quite volatile. They've all kind of converged around that same space. There's still 1 million barrels a day probably of ethane in rejection.
We're still highly confident that this next wave of crackers coming on, there's gonna be plenty of LPG feedstocks, albeit that they're gonna be competing head-on head with naphtha at least through the balance of this year until crude gets back to a normal. Robert, you've had a lot of experience in Chemicals also. You want to add anything to that?
No, I think you've got it, Greg. I think this is, we're at a moment, but I think it's just a moment. Crude I think it's gonna work its way back up and you'll get that typical normal delta will come back for an advantage feedstock.
Phil, one thing I would say is we're starting to see delays in the construction of new capacity both domestically and in Asia. Pushing out the startup of planned capacity. Secondly, I'd just say the polyethylene chain margin that we reported in our supplement was $0.178 per pound in 1Q. The April index is about $0.14 a pound. That's kind of where we are today.
Yeah. It could go single digits, though. We've seen it there before. I think we'll just have to watch as we go through the year. The fortunate thing is that demand has really held up well across that chain, and that should be good.
Your next question comes from the line of Paul Cheng from Scotiabank. Please go ahead, your line is open.
Hey, guys. Good morning.
Morning.
Morning.
Two questions. Greg, if I look beyond just this year and next year, going into 2022, 2023. In the post-COVID world, is there any shape or form that change your investment criteria and your outlook for the logistics? I mean, one will argue that the budget cuts from the Upstream company probably going to see at least 2 million barrels a day of the oil production drop, exit-to-exit between late last year to end of next year. We probably won't get back to early this year production level until maybe 2024 or even 2025. Is that a change in your view about that business at all?
Yeah. We probably look at exit-over-exit in a 2 million-3 million barrel range, Paul. We're probably maybe a little north of you on 2 million of where we see the exit rates. We do think that we're in a recovery phase. It's probably less investable opportunities in Midstream, and I think that forces us to rethink our Midstream growth opportunities. You've seen us do this before. In 2015, we were circa $6 billion of consolidated capital, and in 2017, we cut that to $1.8 billion. We're certainly willing to do that again, if that's what the market tells us to do, we can't find investable opportunities, Paul. Longer term, I think we keep coming back. This pandemic will be over. There could be another one in the future we just don't know about.
The last one was 1917, so the odds are good that we're going to get back on a growth trajectory here. There's still literally hundreds of millions of people that are coming into the middle class that are going to be consumers, that are going to need petrochemicals, that are going to be consumers of energy. I think directionally that should be positive for a return to growth. We don't know is, does the growth go back to where it was, or do we start growing from where we're at today? I think that's the real question that is to be answered in front of us. Jeff, I don't know if you want to come in, as you're thinking about out in 2023 and 2024, you're seeing anything different?
No, I think that was well said.
Okay.
The second question is for Kevin, that you guys always have a conservative balance sheet. After the COVID-19, if we're looking out again, it's not so much about this year, next year, but on the longer term. Is your financial parameter, whether it's on the debt level, debt to capital ratio, or anything, or even just how you view the PSXP as a vehicle for you, is there any shape or form being changed?
Yeah, Paul. I don't think long term, we would change our view on expectations around the balance sheet and leverage. We have historically talked about at the PSX level leverage ratio, a sort of 30% debt-to-cap ratio, 25%-30%. Obviously, we're higher than that right now. We've been working both sides of that equation between the write-downs, had an impact on the denominator. Obviously, we've added some debt, and so we're sitting above that. One of the reasons why we target what a lot would consider a very conservative leverage is so that when we come into times like this, we have the ability, the capacity to issue some incremental debt, weather the storm, come through that the other end, and not have a detrimental impact on credit ratings and our ability to access debt markets.
I think we feel very good that our financial strategy has really played out the way we would expect in times like this. I do think that as cash flow improves, we will have short-term debt coming out of this. Greg mentioned earlier, we will put priority on eliminating that debt. We would expect that over time, we would get leverage back to within our sort of target level range.
Your next question comes from the line of Manav Gupta from Credit Suisse. Please go ahead, your line is open.
Hey, guys. Sometime back, maybe four or five years, you sold a Refining asset on the East Coast, which was then specifically reconfigured to produce jet fuel. I'm trying to understand what happens to these assets across the world which were specifically designed to produce jet fuel in the current environment in which we are.
Yeah, we're all looking at each other. Who wants to answer that question? I guess I'll lead off. I'm glad we sold it when we did. I don't know. It's really hard. Bob may want to comment, but it's really hard to move that configuration a lot to produce jet fuel. I'm not sure that the refinery is running that much different in terms of its output today or yield structure than in, at least at the margin.
Yeah, I think if you just look at it over time, they've prioritized making jet fuel even when maybe the margins didn't drive them to do that because of their ownership structure. There's only so many kerosene molecules in a barrel of oil, and it's hard to get.
Anything else from that done, and they trade away the rest of the products for jet fuel, and that's kind of their business model. We don't have any insight to what they're doing today when they don't want the jet fuel, their parent company doesn't want the jet fuel, and nobody wants to trade them for jet fuel.
Yeah.
Okay. A quick follow-up is, we were monitoring global capacity additions for the next two, three years. I think Jeff mentioned this on the chemical side. Is there a probability that some of these refinery expansions also get delayed, postponed, or just completely scrapped off because of the credit crunch and other issues that we are seeing on the Refining side?
Yeah. I think that's right. Typically, even in a profitable market with open financial markets, those new projects tend to get delayed, and startup periods tend to be longer than anticipated. That's especially the case with COVID-19 activities impacting labor forces and construction, and the financial markets not quite as generous as what they have been. We would definitely expect to see Refining projects get pushed out. This year, we're expecting something comfortably under 1 million barrels a day of capacity adds, and probably trending lower at this point. Yeah, I think you've got a good point that both on the Refining side and the chemical side, new capacity additions are getting pushed out.
Your next question comes from the line of Brad Heffern from RBC Capital Markets. Please go ahead, your line is open.
Hey, good morning, everyone. Obviously, April was a crazy month in the crude markets. To play on the physical side, I was just curious if you could talk about how Phillips, how much you guys were able to sort of capture those discounts, both in terms of the sort of regional basis diffs and then also in terms of the contango that we've seen, and then how long you think that that sort of thing can go on for?
Well, I'll say that one of the great things we did, and we talked about it at Investor Day as part of AdvantEdge66, we added a group called the Value Chain Strategy and Optimization Group, 36 employees, best and the brightest from around our different segments. They were able to really, during this period of time, it was very fortuitous that we had them in place, think about how to optimize the entire system. I'll give you an example. When prices for crude really fell, we were able to push barrels around into the refinery, use storage in the refinery that we might not have used new storage, use third-party storage, and take advantage of the really strong contango in the market. Contango is good for refiners. There's other things that are in play when you're analyzing value for refiners.
We were able to take advantage of a lot of the opportunities. We also have Midstream assets where we can store product when there are large contangos. It was good for us.
Brad, I might just add, contango's typically a benefit for refiners on crude purchases, but we do have a number of different domestic crude contracts that impact or reflect the impact of contango and backwardation. There's a number of other variables that impact pricing and margins. The timing of crude purchases versus product sales, location and transportation differentials, quality differentials, and product placement options all influence market capture relative to the 3:2:1 benchmark cracks that you guys follow. There are a number of complexities to consider.
Okay. Got it. Thank you. You guys touched some oil export barrels. I'm just curious on how you think the outlook for that looks, both in terms of the demand for U.S. crude, given the obviously weakness in global product demand. Sort of what happens if we see significant shut-in volumes. Thanks.
Well, obviously, if we see a lot of shut-in, we're seeing probably 30% shut-in right now, there'll be less exports. We think there will be less exports, probably in the 2.5 million barrels a day range going forward. Our crude's still needed, and as Jeff mentioned, Asia's starting to come back, and particularly China, South Korea, Japan, and Thailand. I think you'll see barrels continue to be exported. We export some of our light crudes, Bakken crudes, and others overseas, and I think you'll see that continue.
Your next question comes from the line of Matthew Blair from Tudor, Pickering. Please go ahead. Your line is open.
Good morning, Matthew.
Matthew Blair, your line is open. Your next question comes from the line of Jason Gabelman from Cowen. Please go ahead. Your line is open.
Morning. How is everyone doing?
Well, thank you.
Good.
Good morning.
Great. I wanted to ask a question first about the potential recovery in refinery margins. As investors try to figure out how long that takes, I think a useful corollary is prior recessions and downturns. In the past few recessions, it's taken a couple of years for Refining margins, global margins, to really come off their lows based off the data we're looking at. Can you just discuss some of maybe the similarities and differences between the current situation we're in and past recessions, and how that's going to impact the recovery in Refining margins. Thanks.
Yeah. I think it'll be a factor of demand recovery and how rapidly demand recovers. In a number of previous cycles, there's been an oil price spike, in front of the recessionary period that's really had a big and long-lasting impact on demand. Whereas, this has been much more around the COVID impact. I think as businesses get back to work and consumers drive to and from work, that we'll see demand recover, and that will really drive the margin environment. We're likely to be in a supply long environment for a period of time, which is supportive of positive demand elasticity as well as low cost of goods sold for refiners. I think there are some reasons for optimism in this cycle relative to previous cycles.
Okay. Understood. Yeah.
Maybe one thing I'd add on that, too. If you think about Refining margins, in a $30 crude environment, a $15 margin is a lot more advantageous to refiners than it was maybe in past times when we came out and we had $80 crude or $100 crude just because of the co-product impact. I think you could see Refining margins rebound quickly.
Fair. Thanks. Just moving over to the Marketing business that was touched upon earlier in the Q&A. We don't really have good visibility into what margins are doing right now. Clearly, the first quarter was very strong given the rapid decline in crude prices. How are Refining margins trending now as oil prices have stabilized? Also, if you could extend the comments to how volumes are doing relative to what you've discussed in terms of overall demand destruction. Thanks.
Was your question on Marketing margins or Refining margins?
On Marketing margins. Yeah.
The margins in Western Europe are still very strong. We expect them to remain relatively strong. In the U.S., the margins are starting to stabilize some, but we still see them as being relatively good. Now, remember, in the U.S., a lot of our volume is wholesale volume, and the wholesale margins are smaller than the retail margins overseas. We would expect demand to continue to increase and the margins to come off in the U.S. some, and that's it.
David, do we have anyone else in the queue?
We have no further questions at this time. I will now turn the call back over to Jeff.
All right. Thank you very much for your interest in Phillips 66. We appreciate your time and interest. If you have further questions, please contact Brent or me. Thank you.