Good morning, and thank you for joining Shopify's first quarter 2026 conference call. I am Carrie Gillard, Director of Investor Relations, and joining us today are Harley Finkelstein, Shopify's President, and Jeff Hoffmeister, our CFO. After their prepared remarks, we will open it up for your questions. We will make forward-looking statements on our call today that are based on assumptions and therefore subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected. Undue reliance should not be placed on these forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update or revise these statements except as required by law. You can read about these assumptions, risks, and uncertainties in our press release this morning, as well as in our filings with the U.S. and Canadian regulators.
We'll also speak to adjusted financial measures, which are a non-GAAP and not a substitute for GAAP financial measures. Reconciliations between the two are provided in our press release. Finally, we report in U.S. dollars, so all amounts discussed today are in U.S. dollars unless otherwise indicated. With that, I will turn the call over to Harley.
Thanks, Carrie, and thanks to everyone for joining us. We've got a lot to talk about today. Commerce is moving at lightning speed right now, and so is Shopify. First, let's kick off with the headlines. Q1 GMV was $101 billion. That is up 35%. I'll say that again. Q1 GMV was $101 billion. That is the second consecutive quarter our merchants have done over $100 billion in sales. Now, that is commerce at a truly vast scale. Our revenue was $3.2 billion for the quarter. That is up 34%. Our free cash flow was $476 million, delivering a 15% free cash flow margin.
That means we've now put up 4 straight quarters of 30% or more revenue and GMV growth alongside mid to high teens free cash flow margins every single quarter. There are very few publicly traded companies today that are able to make that claim at anything like this scale. It is a very small club, and that is something we are very proud of. The reason is actually very simple. We've never lost sight of our mission to help our merchants win. That is why every day we are seeing new businesses light up with their very first sale, and in tandem, we're seeing more of the world's biggest brands migrating to us from all corners of commerce. In Q1, we signed with 3 legends of luxury, Mulberry, Balmain, and LVMH.
In fashion, we welcomed Rag & Bone, luxury outlets The Outnet and Rue Gilt Groupe, and the iconic Lands' End. BevMo!, one of the largest liquor store retailers in the U.S., has brought us in to power all of their locations with Shopify Point of Sale. Orvis, the outdoor brand that was founded in 1856, is moving to Shopify for a full unified commerce solution. Meanwhile, Q1 SaaS go live with incredible brands like the Benetton Group, Victoria's Secret, Body by Victoria, Epic Shop by Vail Resorts, and Reitmans. Here's the best part. We're not just winning the retail legends of today. We're powering the retail legends of tomorrow, and it's happening really fast. We'll get into some real merchant stories later because the velocity we're creating is important to understand. Okay, let's step back for a second.
There's a lot of noise around what AI will mean at an individual level, at a company level, and at a cultural level. Here's our perspective. First, we're not approaching a new era anymore. We are already in it. In 2026, AI is now Shopify's native language. We bet early on AI and forced its adoption. It's embedded in everything we do, the products we build, the channels we power, the way every single person on the team operates. AI has become an exoskeleton for everyone at Shopify, giving them a virtual team of agents, and that makes room for rapid experimentation. It allows them to pursue multiple ideas at the same time and then double down on the winners. Here's what else we believe to be true. No group benefits more from AI than entrepreneurs. The logic is simple.
AI is making entrepreneurship dramatically more accessible and, in fact, accelerated. That means we're going to see more entrepreneurs, and they're going to scale more easily. AI-powered shopping democratizes discovery. Reach is not just influenced by budget anymore. It is influenced by relevance, which benefits both merchant and buyer. The right products find the right shopper at the right moment. This has enormous potential for new and scaling merchants. Because we win when they win, it also has enormous potential for Shopify. Let's just say the thing. There's always going to be some market confusion when we see a significant shift like we're seeing right now with the rise of AI. We've seen it before. I'm sure we'll see it again. Every single time the world gets more complex, Shopify gets more valuable.
We absorb more of that complexity into our systems and become more valuable to merchants. When we look at this new era of commerce that we're in, there are really three core principles that explain why Shopify is in such a strong position. That's what we're focused on, and that's what I'm gonna talk about today. The first principle, Shopify has a huge advantage that is about to compound. We have 20 years of commerce data. We have data on purchase intent across millions of merchants, hundreds of millions of buyers, and billions of products. In a world where real-time information is now table stakes, the edge is the insight beneath it, and that requires depth, not just access, but experience. We've seen merchants start, stall, pivot, and scale millions of times across every category and geography.
It allows us to build on the real behavior of commerce and to keep shipping products grounded in insights only we have. Deep experience applied at speed. That is very hard to replicate, and it compounds. Every capability we add embeds merchants further into the platform and grows the value of being on Shopify. Sidekick is the perfect example of this. As a reminder, this is our intelligent assistant, which is trained on our knowledge base, paired with completely personalized intel it has about each merchant's particular business. Now, last quarter we told you the numbers were encouraging. Well, that was just the beginning. The number of weekly active shops using Sidekick in Q1 was up 4x year-over-year. We saw over 12,000 custom apps created in Q1 alone using Sidekick, and nearly half of all Shopify Flow generated in Q1 were built with Sidekick.
Theme edits just from last quarter are in the multi-millions, growing over 1,000% in a single quarter. Every app built, every automation created, every task completed is a merchant getting more done with less and running a smarter and a more productive business on Shopify. In a world where discovery is changing faster than ever, where AI is reshaping how buyers find products and how information surfaces, these merchants are moving faster using Sidekick to keep pace with where commerce is going. There's Pulse, Sidekick's smart suggestions feature, which proactively delivers personalized recommendations for merchants using market trends and data from their store, which Sidekick then executes on the merchant's behalf. I'll give you a great example that I just saw the other day. It was an accessory brand, and Pulse noticed that this brand was getting attention in the right places.
Its products were being endorsed by fashion publications and showing up on celebrities' Instagram profiles. It proactively suggested that the merchant create a social proof page on their website to build trust and validation. Once the merchant agreed, Sidekick created that page on the merchant's behalf, and it was all ready, all within minutes. Now, just a few months ago, that process multiple specialists, marketing, UX design, copywriting, and often an incremental cost to the merchant, and likely several weeks from start to finish. Now it is happening autonomously in minutes at zero incremental cost to the merchant. That is just one of the smart recommendations being served up to that merchant as part of their daily operations. This is our compounding advantage. Commerce intelligence powers smart tools that drives merchant success, which in turn powers more commerce intelligence.
That leads nicely into the second principle, which is the demand conversion flywheel. It should be getting more obvious that every quarter that Shopify is no longer just the platform to convert demand, we are becoming the platform to create it too. That end-to-end position is a major advantage for merchants. First and foremost, online GMV growth accelerated year-over-year. This is our DNA, the core of our business. The online store is not going anywhere. In fact, we believe that new and emerging AI channels, places like ChatGPT, Microsoft Copilot, Google AI surfaces, and Meta will be a tailwind to driving e-commerce growth and penetration over time. Let's talk about these channels. We are the only platform that enables discovery and selling inside ChatGPT, Copilot, and Google, all from one single system of record. The early signals on AI channels are really compelling.
In the first quarter, AI-driven traffic to Shopify stores has grown 8x year-over-year, while orders from AI-powered searches have increased nearly 13 times. Within this, new buyer orders are occurring at nearly twice the rate of other channels. Now let's talk about Shopify's catalog, because this really, really matters. To date, we've structured more than 1 billion products with clean attributes, real-time pricing, and accurate inventory, so AI agents can surface the most relevant products in seconds, and the results speak for themselves. Traffic from catalog-powered AI searches converts 2x more than traffic from general AI searches, where the agent is working from scraped or often outdated information from across the web. That is the value Shopify brings. I'll give you another example of driving demand, campaigns, which is one of our ad products.
Finding new customers is one of the hardest things about running a business. Paid marketing has historically been expensive, complex, and simply out of reach for smaller merchants who don't have the budget or the expertise to compete with larger brands. Well, Shop Campaigns is changing that. In Q1, the number of merchants with a live campaign was up 3x year-over-year. That is not a small signal. That is a product that is starting to have a true impact on our merchants. What I love is the impact this is having on SMBs in particular, because a lot of them would not otherwise have had access to performance marketing at this level. For some of those smaller merchants, Shop Campaigns is contributing as much as a quarter of their total GMV. That is not a nice-to-have. That is a growth engine.
Shopify is giving them economies of scale that were previously only available to the largest brands. With new channels added in Q1, including ChatGPT, Pinterest, and Microsoft Monetize, we're bringing more services and more reach and more buyers into the ecosystem. Here's another example of driving demand, the Shop app. Shop app had a strong Q1. GMV was up 70% year-over-year, a clear signal that the buyer network is deepening, and Shop is becoming a meaningful commerce destination in its own right. Monthly active users grew over 40% year-over-year, and unique buyers purchasing directly on Shop grew over 50% compared to Q1 of last year, meaning more new shoppers are discovering and buying through the Shop app than ever before. Remember, the Shop app is just one facet of Shop, which is the buyer-facing side of Shopify.
Sign in with Shop is our user verification tool, which recognizes buyers across devices, stores, and surfaces with no sign-in friction. Usage is growing steadily. We are up 3x year-over-year, and it is now enabled across nearly our entire merchant storefront base. In an agentic world, this really matters. Agents need to know who they are buying for, and we are ready. This is the Shopify flywheel. We're not just converting demand. We're also intelligently creating it by surfacing the right products personalized to the right shoppers at exactly the right time. Our compounding advantage, the billions of data points we've collected over 20 years of commerce, powers our demand conversion flywheel, which is moving faster every quarter. These are not small things.
These are the principles that will power the future of commerce. Okay, the third principle I'll leave you with is what I call invisible complexity. Here's the thing, the hardest parts of commerce are the parts that nobody sees, and this is where Shopify thrives. We saw it when the online DTC boom happened and everybody wanted to build their own stack. We saw it when social commerce started to take off and people predicted storefronts would migrate into their social feeds. We've been seeing it again this year with some uncertainty around what AI will mean for commerce. Commerce is massively complex. We just spent two decades making it look easy. Merchants bring the product, and we handle everything else. Every time the world gets more complex, that role becomes more valuable. The industry agrees.
As you might have seen with the latest news on the Universal Commerce Protocol or UCP, which we co-developed with Google. UCP is an open protocol that makes agentic commerce work at scale. It enables the full commerce journey, product discovery, checkout, payment, post-purchase across any platform with any payment processor. We co-developed UCP because we believed the future of commerce runs on open standards, not closed systems. We created the UCP Tech Council, the technical body that steers the protocol's direction to ensure it evolves to meet the needs of businesses, platforms, developers, and consumers. We are now seeing the biggest and most innovative companies across essentially the entire industry coming together around UCP to help push agentic commerce forward.
Last month, Amazon, Meta, Microsoft, Salesforce, and Stripe all joined the council, committing their expertise in internet scale transaction processing to build one Universal Commerce Protocol. The companies that power how the world shops are now building on one standard. Shopify is at the center of how commerce gets done in the age of AI agents. This is what it looks like in practice. Payments is another perfect example of invisible complexity. It's designed to feel simple, but under the hood, it's anything but. Fraud detection, tax calculation, compliance across dozens of markets, currency conversion, identity verification, payment authorization, all working together invisibly at lightning speed. Shopify Payments is built on top of all that comprehensive tooling designed to ensure merchants can sell easily across every channel, including agentic, without adding incremental complexity. For small businesses especially, this matters enormously.
Managing and reconciling multiple payment processors is a distraction no merchant needs, and we do not do this alone. We work with the best-in-class partners, Stripe, Affirm, Global-e, PayPal, local payment methods all over the world, all integrated and all available and all managed in one place. Merchants get the breadth of a global payments ecosystem without the complexity of managing it themselves. This is the Shopify difference. In Q1, Shopify Payments processed $67 billion of GMV, up 41% from last year, reaching 67% penetration. That number keeps moving up every quarter because merchants trust the full platform, not just the checkout moment. Then, of course, there's Shop Pay, the internet's favorite checkout, because we believe it is simply the easiest way to buy anything, anywhere. One tap, done. All the complexity of payments completely hidden.
In Q1, Shop Pay processed $35 billion of GMV, up 59% year-over-year. Outside the U.S., Shop Pay GMV in Q1 grew over 70% as we continued to expand into more markets, supporting major local payment methods all over the world, making it not just the internet's favorite checkout, but one that feels native to buyers wherever they are. In fact, international is another perfect example of massive but almost invisible complexity. Q1 delivered international GMV growth of 45%, with cross-border GMV representing 16% of total. We are consistently rolling out new updates and products to grow our international footprint. In Q1, we quietly shipped updates that individually may not make headlines, but together are steadily making Shopify more native to more places.
Things like merchant billing, which is now in 7 new European currencies, or capital now available in France, or smart market and smart language recommendations, where merchants get relevant recommendations based on the markets they sell into. Every quarter, we build more, and we remove more barriers for merchants all over the world to choose Shopify. Let's talk enterprise, because there's perhaps nowhere that this idea of invisible complexity shows up more clearly. Custom stacks and legacy platforms were built for a world that no longer exists. They're slow to adapt, expensive to maintain, and increasingly unable to keep pace with how buyers shop today, let alone tomorrow. Our value proposition is straightforward, better conversion, lower total cost of ownership, and a unified commerce system that actually works at a speed and a price point legacy platforms cannot match. You see this shift most clearly in heritage retail.
Brands like Orvis, Mattel, and Hunter Douglas. These are companies that built their names over decades, or in some cases, centuries. They know retail. What they're grappling with is the technology underneath, legacy systems that are costly, slow, and holding them back. They're not just coming to Shopify for an online store. We're in the room for a much bigger conversation. Unified commerce, POS, payments, B2B, agentic services, the full picture. Once they join, they stay. More products, more services, more of their business running on Shopify. Enterprise growth is not just about brands choosing Shopify. It's also about brands growing up on Shopify. Grüns, for example, the gummy supplement brand that launched on Shopify in 2023, well, last month, they were acquired by Unilever for over $1 billion. In just over two years, they scaled to hundreds of millions in revenue.
The opportunity here is large and growing, and we're continuing to go after it. In just the last two years, the total number of large merchants doing $100 million or more in GMV on Shopify has nearly doubled. That is real growth, and it's coming from merchants that are scaling into that category as well as those that are already there and looking to modernize for what's next. All of this puts us in an incredibly strong position to continue driving this part of the business. On our last call, I said, "We'll see more billion-dollar brands born in the next 10 years than in the last 100." A lot of people thought that was hyperbole. It was not. Grüns is a perfect example, and everything we're building is designed to make this happen faster. When I zoom out, this is what I see.
Over two decades, we've collected deeper commerce knowledge than almost anyone else on the planet. We've used that knowledge to build a platform that makes it not just possible, but common for a single entrepreneur to become a massive business in a couple of years, if not less. We're now moving into an era that will benefit entrepreneurs more than any one other group. There is simply no job that will be more accelerated by AI than entrepreneurship. That means there are about to be a lot more entrepreneurs, and that means more people that need the Shopify platform. In the meantime, we're continuing to deliver strong and durable growth, real operating leverage, fast product velocity, and a platform advantage that keeps compounding. With that, I'll turn the call over to Jeff.
Thanks, Harley. Q1 reflects strength across all dimensions of our business, not just any one in isolation. Our growth is broad-based across geographies, merchant sizes, and channels. International, enterprise, offline, and B2B are all scaling. Underneath all of this, the cohort dynamics continue to compound. I believe that remains one of the most underappreciated characteristics of our business. Each quarter's results are an aggregation of successes over many years of merchant cohorts. Each new cohort stacks on top of the prior one, and our newer cohorts are larger than the ones before them, a reflection of the breadth of merchants we are attracting. What's incredible is that the older cohorts, even the merchants who have been on Shopify for many years, are not plateauing. They continue to grow.
As an example, in Q1, almost 90% of our revenue was from merchants who had been on the platform for more than 1 year. The driving force is our platform and product velocity. That's the structural advantage of Shopify. We give you everything you need by operating across the entire commerce stack. It's not the power of any one element of the platform, it's how they all work together to help merchants accelerate their success. It's a knowledge and expertise readily available through Sidekick. It's the speed, context, and simplified complexity behind checkout. It's the ability to sell across every channel, every surface, and every geography from day 1. Internally, we are making every function faster, sharper, and more productive. Output per employee is improving through deliberate AI usage. The result is that we are building more, shipping more, and serving more merchants.
The leverage we have and continue to deliver is what funds ongoing investment in AI infrastructure, global reach, and platform depth. That discipline is what we have demonstrated consistently. We will always lean into growth because as we grow, we invest more in driving success for our merchants and for Shopify. Let's take a closer look at our GMV. Unless otherwise specified, all growth rates are presented on a year-over-year basis. Q1 GMV was $101 billion, marking our second quarter with GMV over $100 billion, representing growth of 35% or 30% on a constant currency basis. Diving deeper into different GMV perspectives, let's first look at merchant size. In recent quarterly calls, I've talked about three strata, merchants doing up to $2 million in GMV, those doing $2 million-$25 million in GMV, and those doing more than $25 million.
We saw strength across merchant GMV bands consistent with recent trends. The 2 to 25 million GMV band added the most incremental revenues year-over-year, but the other two segments were not far behind, and the greater than 25 million band merchants are growing the fastest. Further, when we look at just our merchants doing more than 100 million in annual GMV, we see a consistent and accelerating growth story. The share of our revenue coming from that segment has grown each year, up over 200 basis points in the last two years. This is a multi-year view playing out exactly as we expected. Moving to regions. Europe maintained its momentum, with European GMV up 48% or 35% in constant currency.
2025 was an outstanding year in Europe, delivering continued mid-30s growth in constant currency against that backdrop reflects years of deliberate investment in that market. North America accelerated from an already strong Q4, demonstrating the continued durability of our core market. That is, of course, on significantly higher GMV levels, demonstrating our ability to not only grow well in our largest market, but also further tap into the immense opportunity outside of the U.S. Regarding same-store growth and new merchant acquisition, the contribution from each was relatively balanced, a split that has remained consistent for multiple quarters now. Finally, turning to channels. 2 channels to call out this quarter. Offline GMV was up 33%, accelerating from Q4. The fastest-growing slice within offline remained merchants operating more than 20 stores, which this quarter had location growth of 50% year-over-year.
B2B GMV grew 80% in Q1, with broad growth across both new and established merchants. In Q1, we made several other features of our B2B offering available to most of our standard subscription plans, giving these merchants the ability to manage their wholesale and D2C needs side by side in 1 place. Turning to revenue. Q1 revenue grew 34% or 32% on a constant currency basis, fueled by the GMV outperformance. North America grew 33%, Europe 42% and Asia Pacific 30%. The pace of growth in Europe speaks to the opportunity that remains ahead. While growth internationally continues to outpace North America, North America had its strongest quarterly growth rate in over 4 years. Merchant Solutions revenue grew 39%, driven primarily by the strength in GMV and increased penetration of Shopify Payments.
$67 billion of GMV was processed on Shopify Payments in Q1. That's 41% higher than the prior year and 67% of GMV, 3 points higher than Q1 of 2025. We see a clear path for the rate to continue moving higher, stemming from deeper penetration across all geographies, growing adoption in the 15 European countries and Mexico where we launched payments last year, expansion into new countries beyond the 39 where we are today, and continued Shop Pay momentum. Near term, Europe will be a headwind to global payments penetration metrics given the recent launches of payments in numerous countries last year, but that should prove to be a tailwind for us over time. Subscription Solutions revenue grew 21%.
The incremental year-over-year revenues were fairly balanced across 4 elements: monthly subscriptions for our Plus plans, monthly subscriptions for our Standard plans, variable platform fees, and lastly, revenue from apps, themes, and domains. The growth in our Plus and Standard monthly subscriptions reflects 2 things working simultaneously: new merchants coming onto the platform and existing merchants upgrading as their businesses scale. Both are driving the growth. The growth in variable platform fees reflects 2 primary factors. The average VPF rate has increased and Plus merchants this past quarter grew faster than our overall merchant base. The growth in our revenue from apps, themes, and domains reflects both the quality of our developer ecosystem, with thousands of apps extending the capabilities of our platform, and changes to our developer revenue share terms that created a favorable comparability dynamic, which should largely normalize as we progress through the year.
Q1 MRR grew 16% year-over-year, with continued growth across Standard, Plus, and Point of Sale. As a reminder, Q1 was the final quarter where our year-over-year growth rates in MRR are impacted by our rollout of 3-month trials in our largest markets in Q1 2025. That headwind is behind us. Plus MRR represented 35% of MRR for the quarter, up from 34% a year ago. Q1 gross profit grew 32%, coming in slightly ahead of our expectations, driven by the outperformance in revenue. Our gross profit has now grown at a compounded annual growth rate of 29% over the past 3 years. Gross profit for Subscription Solutions grew 21%, with gross margin coming in at 80%, in line with Q1 2025.
Economies of scale and efficiencies in support were partially offset by increased LLM cost, driven by growing merchant usage of our AI products, most notably Sidekick. We expect this dynamic to continue. The more merchants use these products, the more data we have, and the better the outcomes we can deliver. The better the outcomes, the more deeply embedded they become in the platform. Additionally, changes to our developer revenue share terms I mentioned earlier also contributed a tailwind to gross profit dollars, with the biggest benefit expected in Q1, normalizing as we progress through the year. Merchant Solutions gross profit grew 40%, with gross margin coming in at 39%, essentially flat year-over-year. No specific items to call out as similar dynamics played out as we have seen in prior quarters.
Operating expenses were $1.2 billion for the first quarter or 37% of revenue, a 4-point improvement from Q1 last year. We continue to drive operating leverage through two key elements, growing gross profit dollars and delivering continued headcount discipline. Both of these allow us to invest in further AI usage internally and our returns-based marketing, which in turn helps fuel more growth. R&D, sales and marketing, and G&A as a percentage of revenue each improved year-over-year. Transaction and loan losses came in at 3.7% of revenue, up from 3.2% in Q1 2025. As a reminder, the dollar amounts here tend to scale with volumes in our payments, capital, and credit products. Each of these products continues to grow well, the goal, of course, is to keep loss rates low as we scale merchant adoption.
Payments revenues continues to grow very nicely, as I mentioned earlier, and our loss rate in payments in Q1 was below Q1 of last year. Credit was the largest component of the year-over-year increase. Q1 free cash flow was $476 million or 15% of revenue, in line with our outlook. As previewed on our last call, these results reflect a slightly higher effective tax rate. One item to note before turning to outlook. Beginning in the second quarter, we are adopting an accounting treatment for our merchant cash advances that will match the accounting for our capital loans. This transition was prompted by some regulatory changes in Canada and related subsequent changes to our merchant cash advances product in Canada. For Q2, relative to our current accounting, this change is expected to be a tailwind of approximately half a point to free cash flow margins.
With that, let's move to our outlook for Q2. We expect Q2 revenue growth in the high 20s year-over-year. The expected sources of growth are consistent with the drivers that we saw in Q1, with the 1 key difference being that our Q2 revenue guidance assumes approximately a half point of FX tailwinds versus the more than 2 points of FX tailwinds that we saw in Q1. We expect our gross profit dollars to grow in the mid-20s. The differential in the revenue versus gross profit growth rates is driven by the continued mix shift between the growth rates of merchant solutions and subscription solutions, which is expected to narrow compared to 2025, and the continued strength of payments.
We expect operating expenses in Q2 to be 35%-36% of revenue, an improvement from the 37% we delivered in Q1, and a meaningful step forward from the 38% we delivered in Q2 of last year. Turning to free cash flow, for Q2, we expect free cash flow margins in the mid-teens. In summary, Q1 continued the momentum of an outstanding 2025. We delivered the highest quarterly revenue growth rate in over 4 years, both for the business as a whole, as well as the U.S. specifically. Strength was broad across merchant sizes, channels, and geographies. Gross profit has compounded at 29% annually over the past 3 years, and our commitment to these free cash flow margins remains unwavering.
The business is durable, our position is unique, and our conviction is that the investments that we are making today in AI infrastructure, in the merchant-facing surfaces being built on top of it, and in the data advantage that comes from powering a meaningful share of global commerce will further strengthen our position. As entrepreneurship enters a new era shaped by AI, we sit here today with the platform, the scale, and the momentum to be at the center of it. With that, I'll now turn the call back over to Carrie for your questions.
Thanks, Jeff. We will now take your questions before turning the call back to Harley for some final words. Our first question comes from Justin Patterson at KeyBanc.
Great. Thank you very much, and good morning. It seems like there's a natural flywheel between AI supercharging product velocity and Sidekick effectively driving uptake of new features. How should we think about that flywheel playing out and what it means for KPIs? Then just a quick one for Jeff. How do you balance the benefits of AI versus rising token costs? Thank you.
Thanks, Justin. Thanks for the call. It's Harley. I'll start with the first part. Look, I mean, it Sidekick is really becoming a merchant's co-founder. It's becoming the new way merchants run their business. This is not a tool that, you know, they open occasionally, but this is this active presence that shows up every day. It now, with Pulse, it proactively suggests ways to improve their business and then executes it on their behalf. The numbers in Q1 were not just encouraging, I think they were remarkable. Weekly active shops are up 385% using Sidekick. We saw 12,000 custom apps built in Q1, which is up, like, over 200% quarter-over-quarter.
If you look at Shopify Flow, which is really used for business processes for our largest merchants, nearly half of all Shopify Flows generated in Q1 were actually built with Sidekick. This is a huge compounding advantage. This allows us to not only leverage our 20 years of commerce insight and this incredible data set we understand about how businesses operates, but also to pair that with the specific needs and the specific use cases of what a merchant requires. You know, I, I think, how merchants are using it, is important. The early signals really matter here, and we're seeing these, you know, merchants that are just starting to play with it really become power users very quickly.
You know, roughly half the conversations are about store setup, design and theme configurations, and then once they get set up, it's about growing the business faster. It is, it is something that we knew would be well-received by merchants, but I think the efficacy and the efficiency of driving value is something even we are incredibly surprised by. It is, it's amazing.
I mean, I'll pick up on that very point in terms of where Harley left it. The impact that we're seeing, not only in terms of how our merchants are using Sidekick, but how we're using it internally, has been super impactful. Harley, in his comments, talked about the exoskeleton which we give our, not only our engineers, but really everyone throughout the organization in terms of how they can do more with AI, and it's proven to be very, very impactful. It's really not even a question of where are we using AI, but where aren't we using AI? 'Cause it's been an extensive usage in pretty much all departments within the company. We're of course mindful of the right tool for the right problem, and we're mindful of the cost, and we think through that.
This is something we are, we're seeing significant benefits in terms of how employees are deploying it and how merchants are getting value out of it.
Yeah. I think actually AI right now writes well over 50% of our code today, and that number is going up significantly, not down. I think more than any other company, AI is Shopify's native language.
Thank you for your question, Justin. Our next question comes from Bhavin Shah at Deutsche Bank.
Great. Thanks for taking my question. Harley, as you think about expanding your product capabilities and how you can better serve merchants, how do you approach building versus partnering more broadly, and how might that differ from more software-like solutions versus some that are more fintech-related?
Yeah, look, I mean, Shopify's philosophy around partnership is I think been long studied, we partner where we think we can get massive leverage and where we think there's a company out there that's doing a really great job we can plug into. When we think there isn't something out there that is 10X better than what we can do ourselves, we just build it. That's always been the case, particularly when it comes to even the app ecosystem. You're seeing at the same time more merchants using Sidekick to build these custom features for their shop, at the same time you're seeing more app developers build for Shopify's ecosystem than ever before.
In fact, we've now put the app approval process on rails using incredible AI testing so that we can get more apps into the Shopify App Store faster. If you talk to partners and in particular app developers that are building for commerce or retail, for the most part, Shopify is, and our Shopify App Store has become their default go-to-market. It is the place where they build for. That'll continue. Generally, these larger scale, you know, partnerships, obviously there are, there are these amazing new surface areas. We obviously talk about agentic quite a bit, whereby, you know, it should be incredibly clear that Shopify's at the epicenter right now of this AI era.
We are currently the only platform on the planet powering selling inside of ChatGPT, Copilot and Google, all from one system of record. When we see these opportunities to work with other companies, we show up with a catalog, we show up with all the functionality and the right APIs, so that they can move faster, too. I think that's the reason why Shopify has been uniquely positioned as one of the best companies to partner with in all of tech.
Thank you. Our next question comes from Dominic Ball at Redburn Atlantic.
Hey, guys. Hey, Jeff. Harley, Carrie. Thanks for the question. 2 questions on AI. As AI is lowering the barriers to entrepreneurship, are you seeing acceleration in SMB merchant signups? Second question is with integrations with Claude, ChatGPT, does AI risk pushing Shopify to the back from a merchant's UX perspective? Thank you.
Yeah, I'll take the second part, and then Jeff can talk about the first part of that question. Look, agents do not bypass Shopify, just the opposite. They write right into Shopify. I mean, I think you saw in sort of recent headlines that merchant storefronts really matter. You saw ChatGPT move to in-app browsers for their checkout, so it's literally the Shopify storefront within the chat. And again, you know, when a buyer is shopping in ChatGPT, they're browsing Shopify's, you know, incredible catalog. The momentum on agentic has been amazing. We're always trying to find new ways for merchants to have an easier time to build their company, their businesses better, faster.
We have more integrations even announced yesterday where Shopify now makes store building and management as easy as having a conversation where you can sort of effortlessly connect your existing store right to your favorite, you know, chat agentic application, and then simply chat to add products or just inventory across locations. But this idea of combining Shopify's incredible platform and the product with the way that we think more entrepreneurs are looking to build, we think puts Shopify in pole position when it comes to this agentic, you know, entrepreneurial evolution. And I think, you know, Jeff will talk a bit about ads, but let me say this actually in most simple terms, I think there is no job that is more AI safe than entrepreneurship.
I think there's also no place that you're going to see more acceleration with AI than maybe entrepreneurship in general. I think as, you know, Shopify is the entrepreneurship company, I think that's gonna be great for entrepreneurship in general. I think that's also be great for Shopify.
I think that's the perfect launch point to get to your first question, Dominic, just in terms of what we're seeing in merchant additions and kinda whether this is gonna accelerate some of the things we're seeing, especially on the SMB side. Harley alluded to it. Like, we do think there will be tailwinds here. I think from our vantage point, you look this, and you see this in the growth numbers, right? The growth that we delivered in Q1 was exceptional. One of the points I made in my comments was it essentially evenly split between same-store sales growth and new merchant acquisitions. So you can see that in terms of what we're doing at top of the funnel, merchant adds more broadly. It's true across geographies.
You see this in some of the data. There was some U.S. Census Bureau data in terms of the number of startups that you see on a monthly basis. We're seeing some signs of it. It's early to say, "Hey, AI was the thing that was the specific spur of additional activity in terms of startups," but the pipeline looks as healthy and as strong as we've ever seen it.
Thanks, Dominic. Our next question comes from Nick Jones at BNP.
Good morning. Thanks for taking the question. You put out some really kind of statistics or growth rates for Pulse and Sidekick. As we think about AI investments from here and maybe how it translates to margin expansion, you know, how are the AI investments in terms of kind of creating structural advantages versus maybe keeping up with table stakes that we're hearing across maybe other platforms to make SMBs lives easier, more efficient? If that makes sense, I guess kind of what is kind of a structural advantage and what is increasingly maybe table stakes that folks are looking for as you know, businesses deploy AI across their platforms? Thanks.
I mentioned earlier that I think Shopify's internal, like, you know, AI is now Shopify's native language. What I mean by that is that we bet really early, and we forced its adoption across our company. I think AI has given this exoskeleton to everyone at Shopify, where effectively every single person on the team has this virtual team of agents that creates incredible opportunity for these, like, rapid experimentation. It allows them to pursue multiple ideas at the same time, then double down on what's winning. I think, you know, I mentioned in previous answer that, you know, AI now writes well over 50% of our code, and that number is going up. What that actually means is that our best engineers aren't writing a few lines of code or doing less.
It means they're operating at this much higher level. They're directing, reviewing, and making calls that, you know, that we're able to provide, we're able to do because of 20 years of context. You know, AI handles the execution, and they handle the judgment. I think the, you know, the output proves that. We shipped over 300 new products and features last year alone. We kept our flat headcount, which we were very proud of, and that's only possible because something has changed fundamentally. You know, I know Tobi's been talking a bit about River, which is a perfect example of it, but it's this AI coding partner built right into Slack for the entire team, where they can pull into any thread, any conversation and do frankly, a remarkable amount of the engineering work.
We built it because we needed it, and now it's deeply embedded in how we operate. I think more than any other company, Shopify is very much leveraging AI in an incredible way.
All right. Our next question comes from Michael Morton at MoffettNathanson.
Good morning. Thank you for the question. Harley, you've had a lot of success with the enterprise over the last two years. I wondered if you could talk a bit about your learnings with your go-to-market strategy, if you see any opportunities for tweaks, or if you're really happy with the product market fit and it's just more of an execution game. Quickly, one for Jeff, just on OpEx growth, you've been really tight with headcount management, any additional color on the destination and duration of the investments you're making in OpEx lines would be really helpful. Thank you.
Yeah, I'll start enterprise, and Jeff could jump into OpEx. I mentioned this in the call, but I'm gonna repeat it 'cause I think it's important. The number of merchants doing over $100 million of GMV on Shopify has nearly doubled in the last 2 years. I think we have now earned the right to be in every serious enterprise conversation, and that's the shift. Our go-to-market engine sort of runs 2 tracks in parallel. Obviously, SMB is all about velocity, the enterprise is really more about depth. We've built this dedicated team and professional services that embeds into that enterprise motion. Product is unequivocally a major driver. When we show up, we show outcomes, we show speed, we show cost, we show conversion, we show simplicity.
I think more and more with these very large brands that are coming on, brands that I've mentioned on this call, they're looking for this unified commerce platform. They're looking for basically the last migration they're ever gonna have to do. When Shopify shows up with this global scale, this unified platform, but also allowing them to sell right away across ChatGPT and Copilot, our differentiation is frankly quite structural. I think at our scale, that compounds. I think that advantage will grow over time, and we can also move it at this incredible pace, which works well. I think generally the strategy's working really well. We're focused now on just faster execution. We've also learned that I think the enterprise is human. Executive trust unequivocally moves deals.
This is an area I'm personally spending a lot of time in myself. I think our installed base on the enterprise is a flywheel. I think growth begets more growth. If you look across every, you know, vertical or product category, the fact that we now have and are adding the top merchants and top brands across every vertical, that means that flywheel is speeding up. There are places where we are improving, you know, pricing clarity, making the ROI way more obvious. There's some edge cases that we're already closing the gaps where, you know, potentially deals take longer than they should. The strategy is really working in a way that I think you're I mean, you're seeing the results now.
Now it's about execution and consistency, and I think now it's about turning more consideration into more winning, when it comes to the enterprise and that's where I'm spending a great deal of my time, and I'm incredibly optimistic about that.
Michael, to your question on OpEx and where that's going, overall things remain exactly as we've been talking about in terms of the discipline we're delivering on free cash flow margins. You saw this in the significant growth that we had in Q1. That, of course, drops more gross profit dollars down, that gives us the opportunity to continue to invest like we have been, and find the areas where we can continue to drive that top line itself. You referenced headcount. We've obviously been disciplined for 3 years now, where on any given year we're in fact, slightly down from the year before. I don't see that changing.
We've talked a few times in terms of already on this call in terms of how we're using AI internally and the efficiencies, the acceleration that's giving us, we expect that to continue. As we spend, as you can tell from some of the marketing efforts that we've done, marketing, and I mentioned this on the call, that sales and marketing as a percentage of revenue is down year-over-year, as was G&A, as was R&D. We can continue to drive those down as percentages, but marketing dollars themselves will be up year-over-year. We're just getting better and better and better on the marketing spend. I mentioned on the last call that roughly 40% of our marketing dollars was in Europe in the performance marketing side.
We continue to see success in Europe on this piece. One of the things we've actually seen on the marketing spend in Europe, because we spent a little bit more, the granularity we get has been meaningfully increased. The signal value we get has allowed us to be much more effective in Europe than even than we've been historically on the marketing spend. We've increased the percentage of marketing spend, which is performance. The pieces which were not core, hardcore performance marketing we've reduced. We're really in a spot where I think we can do some really interesting things on OpEx.
The only difference, and I talked about this a little bit on the, on the last call, the only difference really between last year and this year is going to be a little bit on the taxes in terms of what we're seeing on the effective tax rate. We're at a spot now where that should level off. From our vantage point, we feel really good about driving the gross profit dollars growth, which allows us to do everything we need to, and obviously have the $ left to do the share repurchase, among other things.
All right. Thank you for your question. Our next question comes from Rob Wildhack at Autonomous.
Morning, guys. Harley, I wanted to ask about the demand creation principle you highlighted in the prepared remarks. We hear you loud and clear on the products and tools that Shopify offers merchants to create demand, but I was wondering if you could compare that to what a non-Shopify merchant can do or is doing to get themselves discovered by LLMs. Like, what are the table stakes there? What do some of the savvier non-Shopify merchants do? Because I think that would be really interesting context for the Shopify agentic toolkit. Thanks.
Yeah, I mean, as I mentioned on sort of demand creation, I think we're making a lot of progress on the sort of customer acquisition piece. I think there's now there were, you know, it started with one way, now there's multiple ways for buyers to discover our merchants, Shop Campaigns, Shop app, and obviously some of the agentic discovery. In, in terms of some of the stuff we're doing with the agentic plan, for example, again, that rolled out early March. That means that any brand on any platform can now sell across AI channels via Shopify Catalog and no Shopify stores required. I mean, it's, it's remarkable. Everyone, pretty much every merchant, every brand or retailer in their board meetings are talking about how they're gonna discover it.
What we're seeing now is that ultimately it is, you know, obviously we have a way to help them with that, you know, I think we've now made it clear that Shopify is sort of at the center of all this. Again, I mentioned earlier, but I'll say it again, we are the only platform powering selling inside of ChatGPT, inside of Copilot, and inside of Google, all from 1 system. What we're seeing already in terms of, you know, the proof points is that orders from AI searches are up nearly 13x. AI-driven traffic to Shopify stores has grown 8x year-over-year. New buyer orders from AI searches are actually occurring at nearly 2x the rate of traditional organic search.
The big thing, though, with Catalog is that I think a lot of, you know, non-Shopify merchants are seeing that you know, Catalog is actually doing a much better job of organizing and syndicating their products across every agentic surface versus sort of the old scraping thing that was happening prior to Catalog. It's doing two things. One, it is unequivocally getting Shopify connected with a lot more non-Shopify merchants per se, and beginning those conversations, which again, may lead to them joining the agentic plan or ultimately may lead them to coming to Shopify for their entire migration, which obviously is our, is our plan and our hope.
Even if they just wanna be part of Catalog and just be part of the agentic plan on its own, that already is a massive lift to them relative to everything else. I mean, Shopify Catalog is now the authoritative source for AI product discovery. There's now 1 billion products across millions of merchants. The data is structured, the pricing is accurate, there's real-time inventory, clean attributes, and, you know, OpenAI and Microsoft are already using the Catalog to power discovery. I think generally this plan, this agentic plan idea is working really well for us and I think the retail industry has certainly taken notice.
Our next question comes from Samad Samana at Jefferies.
Hi, good morning, and thanks for taking my questions. I wanted to pull on the agentic commerce thread. I think Stripe Sessions was last week and they're obviously a very close and successful partner of Shopify's. They rolled out several kinda new updates that allow, whether that's, you know, agents to buy directly with the product catalog that someone's using and/or native checkout inside of Facebook by partnering with Meta. I'm just curious, as you see the surface area of commerce expanding, can you just help us understand that if a Shopify merchant has these alternative channels where they're checking out, how the monetization still works and if the economics change?
Obviously you guys sit at the center of all this and are partnering with everybody, but I think investors are just trying to understand how monetization economics look as the surface area expands.
Yeah.
Thank you so much.
Let me start on your first question. You know, I feel like I need to say this very clearly, Stripe and Shopify are really incredible long-standing partners and I think we've been building the future of commerce together. We've partnered with them now for over a decade across payments and financial products. I think what you're seeing is both companies are very serious infrastructure companies that are working together. The key, I think the key to this is the partnership is actually deepening. Stripe recently, you know, joined our UCP Tech Council alongside Amazon, Meta, Microsoft, and Salesforce, who were the founding member. You know, to kind of be clear about this, UCP is now becoming the industry standard, and Shopify built it.
It is the only, it is the only standard that covers the full commerce journey end to end, and UCP whether, you know, does all the work from discovery to transaction to fulfillment. We now have about 20 retailers and platforms that are part of UCP. Stripe has now joined the UCP Governing Council with us and Google, which is the overarching governance body for the protocol. This is what looks like when an open standard wins. In terms of, you know, agentic generally, and just to kind of be very clear about kinda checkout and how that all operates, I think it's really important. I said this earlier, I'll say it again. As you saw recently, merchant storefronts really matter.
When you saw ChatGPT move to an in-app browser in their checkout, that is literally the Shopify storefront right within the chat here. And it functions the exact same way from an economic perspective as it would if any consumer is buying on a Shopify store. It's just a new surface area. Back to my point earlier that I'll repeat because I think it's important, is that every merchant obviously wants to have recurring customers. They pay for the customer, they want to see more of that.
The idea that now some of these agentic surfaces are now introducing new consumers, like net new consumers, to Shopify merchants through these services, we think is an incredible thing because it allows our merchants to, you know, expand their total addressable market and, therefore, you know, Shopify's as well. Generally it's going really well, but we're really happy with where we landed with UCP. The relationship with Stripe is fantastic. We presented at Stripe Sessions as well, to your point here. You know, we compete where two serious companies naturally would, but we also partner where our merchants need us to. Every time a new frontier opens, whether it's stablecoins or agentic commerce or financial products, we really do build alongside each other, and that's been true for over a decade.
Right. Our next question comes from Colin Sebastian at Baird.
Yeah. Good morning, and thanks for taking my question. I guess, Harley, I mean, at a high level, I mean, just the rapid market share gains we're seeing here on a same store GMV basis. I know there's a lot of focus in ultimately what the impact will be from agentic commerce, but I mean, you're assuming if we're assuming e-commerce growth accelerates, do you envision Shopify taking even more share or share at a faster rate going forward? Then a quick follow-up, I'm curious on how you're thinking about the role of the App Store, especially with all the activity in Sidekick. Is there as much utility from the external App Store? Is there an opportunity maybe to allow merchants to extend what they're building out to the broader community? Thank you.
Actually, a great question. Merchants that have built, specifically some of the larger merchants, the midsize and the enterprise merchants that have built custom apps on Shopify, we've actually seen them at some point decide to, you know, shift from just being a merchant to being a merchant and also an app developer. Some of them have actually discovered this incredible tooling they're building for their own business and then put into the App Store as well. In terms of what Sidekick is doing, like Sidekick actually we see as a real supplement to the App Store, not a replacement. In fact, if you're, you know, you probably have noticed that we're spending a lot more time with app builders than ever before.
I hosted a town hall, a couple weeks ago with thousands of our biggest app developers. We have Editions.dev happening in Toronto this summer, which is in person with our app developer community, which is already sold out. Actually, we think there's never been a better time to build on the Shopify App Store. What the applications that are being built by Sidekick are really very specific, nuanced, feature sets for particular merchant businesses, for most of them, it really is just for the individual merchant. We see those the opportunity for the app developers just to continue.
That being said, though, what is happening that is super interesting is that now merchants who may have had to spend weeks or even months building a feature either internally or hiring an agency to do so, they're able to do so much more work themselves using Sidekick. That means they're able to go much faster. To the first part of your question, sort of around e-commerce in general, remember that e-commerce in the U.S. is still sub 20% of total retail. What we're seeing is, part of the reason why, you know, this kind of proof point around new buyer orders from AI searches are occurring at nearly twice the rate of traditional organic search.
The reason that is so important is because what we're seeing is that these merchants are now discovering new buyers on these agentic services that they may not otherwise have seen. We do think it's gonna pull more consumers into e-com who may have been laggards. We also see that it may introduce new, you know, non-e-com, you know, native shoppers to start doing so on a more regular basis. Net-net, though, we think that's gonna mean more GMV for merchants and certainly our business model is predicated on the more money our merchants make, the better Shopify does.
Yeah. Colin, the only other point I'd add is just think about, again, the quarter we just posted in terms of what that means to the momentum of this business. Like the strongest growth rate we've had in the U.S. in four years, the strongest growth rate we've had in our business overall in four years. We're believers in what's happening here.
Our last question will come from Richard Tse at National Bank.
Yes, thank you. There were some recent reports that you guys are considering moving deeper into financial services. I'm wondering if you can maybe comment on that and then potentially how that would impact some of your existing partnerships.
I mean, I would say as you know, Richard, we've had, if you think about financial services, the first product we really had was Capital, that product is roughly 10 years old. That's something that's we've had for a while, has worked really well. There's other suites of products that we provide in kind of financial services written more broadly. This is one of the areas where we have seen merchants, and this is one of the things which is classic core Shopify, which is help merchants in situations which they either face complexity or they face opportunities where we can help them do that, and that's one of the things we found in our Capital business where we've been really thoughtful in terms of how we do lending and to help them accelerate their business.
As that Capital business has continued to grow, some of the things we've had on balance and credit have continued to grow. That's something that we wanna support, and that's one of Harley and I have been, just as we've talked about the growth levers of this business and all the things that are gonna provide durable growth over the years, this is one of the things that we've talked about. There has been, to your point, there's been some stories out there in terms of some of the money transfer licenses and some of the flexibility that would give us to help us accelerate the growth for merchants, and that's one of the things we're gonna continue to do. We're gonna go to where we think we can add the most value to merchants, and this is one of those segments.
You look at Capital, I mean, Capital continues to expand more markets, smarter offers, better pricing. Look at Balance. Balance is now deepening its utility for merchants in their day-to-day operations. I think financial services is just becoming more embedded and a more valuable part of the Shopify platform, it's not a standalone product. It's embedded in the platform that merchants already trust, and it's we think there's a lot more to do there. Maybe before I we just hang up here, a couple sort of final things before we close the call that I think might be helpful. I just wanna start with this. I just wanna say how proud I am of this team and the current execution, the roots of this company.
I am coming up to over 16 years at Shopify, and I think this is Shopify operating at its best. It's important to remind everyone that the numbers that we're putting up this quarter, they are not an accident. They are the result of a very, very clear strategy that is being executed exceptionally well. We're almost halfway through 2026. I think AI is certainly Shopify's native language. We bet early on it. We force its adoption, and now it is as reflexive inside our company as any company. It's embedded in everything we do, in the products we build, in the channels we power, the way every single person on the team operates, and I think it's become this incredible exoskeleton for this company. Finally, I'm gonna say this again 'cause it's important.
The AI era is not coming. It is absolutely here, and we think there is simply no job that will be more accelerated by AI than entrepreneurship. In fact, it may be the most AI-safe job out there, which then what that means going forward is that there will be more entrepreneurs, and we think that means there's gonna be way more demand for the Shopify platform. We think tomorrow's billion-dollar brands are being born today. They're being born on Shopify, and just incredibly proud of the team. This is Shopify at its best.
With that, this concludes our first quarter 2026 conference call. Thank you for joining us. Bye-bye.