Ladies and gentlemen, good afternoon. My name is Abby, and I will be your conference operator today. At this time, I would like to welcome everyone to the SkyWater Technology second quarter 2022 financial results conference call. Today's conference is being recorded and all lines have been placed on mute to prevent any background noise. After the speaker's remarks, there will be a question and answer session. If you would like to ask a question during this time, simply press the star key followed by the number one on your telephone keypad. If you would like to withdraw your question, simply press star one once again. Thank you, and I will now turn the conference over to Claire McAdams, investor relations for SkyWater. Ms. McAdams, you may begin your conference.
Good afternoon and welcome to SkyWater's second quarter fiscal 2022 conference call. With me on the call today from SkyWater are Thomas Sonderman, President and Chief Executive Officer, and Steve Manko, Chief Financial Officer. I'd like to remind you that our call is being webcast live on SkyWater's Investor Relations website at ir.skywatertechnology.com. The webcast will be available for replay shortly after the call concludes. On our IR website, we also have posted an investor slide presentation to accompany today's call. During the call, any statements made about our future financial results and business are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially.
For a discussion of these risks and uncertainties, please refer to our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including our earnings release filed on Form 8-K today and our fiscal 2021 10-K filed on March 10th. All forward-looking statements are made as of today, and we assume no obligation to update any such statements. During this call, we will discuss non-GAAP financial measures. You can find a reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures to GAAP financial measures in our earnings release, as well as in our Q2 earnings presentation, both of which are available on our Investor Relations website. With that, I'll turn the call over to Tom.
Thank you, Claire, and good afternoon to everyone on the call. Today, we are pleased to report Q2 revenue of over $47 million. With total revenue up 15% year-over-year, wafer services revenue increased 23%, reflecting the significantly improved long-term pricing agreement secured at the end of Q1. ATS revenue grew 11%. However, net of tool sales, ATS revenues actually grew 20%, reflecting the momentum we are gaining with several key customers. With our quarterly revenue run rate now firmly established above the mid $40 million level, our gross margin performance in Q2 demonstrates that we have now surpassed the breakeven threshold and that incremental revenue growth will bring significant flow through to margins and profitability as we forecast sequential revenue growth in the forthcoming quarters. As promised last quarter, we have raised the revenue baseline from which to grow.
After adjusting for the pull-in of revenue in Q1 as a result of the new pricing agreement with our largest customer, we are now delivering on sequential improvements in revenue, both for the recently completed Q2 as well as expected growth through the forthcoming quarters. In fact, we are seeing sequential quarterly growth with nearly every key ATS customer as we progress through the year. As a result, we are well on track to achieve revenue growth in 2022, approaching our long-term annual growth target of 25%. We are pleased with the progress made in Q2 to show sequential improvement in our revenue pipeline, increased fab efficiency and output, significant improvements to gross margin, and EBITDA improving once again, closing in on breakeven at -$1.6 million for the quarter.
The big news of the last quarter, however, has been the multitude of important announcements that together provide a strong foundation for consistent revenue growth and firmly establish SkyWater as a critical player in the future of our country's semiconductor supply. These announcements validate the momentum we are building in each of our strategic growth areas, which I will now discuss in more detail. With the signing of the CHIPS Act, our recent announcement of our partnership with Purdue University and the state of Indiana to build a $1.8 billion advanced semiconductor manufacturing fab will now move forward aggressively. SkyWater plays a crucial and strategic role in the onshoring of domestic semiconductor supply. Last week, I was honored to attend the signing ceremony of the CHIPS and Science Act at the White House.
We applaud Congress and the President for signing this historic bill into law, which will bolster critical domestic semiconductor infrastructure for decades to come. SkyWater's Indiana facility will be an advanced next generation fab that will enable mass customization of highly innovative solutions through the use of intelligent automation that seamlessly combines R&D with high volume wafer production. This fab will create more U.S. innovation-derived semiconductor capability and capacity for our country, and it will become the blueprint that will define how fabs are built and operated for decades to come.
Our aim is to address the ongoing worldwide chip shortage, to contribute to the reshoring of semiconductor manufacturing, to position America to regain the leading edge in advanced technologies, and to develop crucially needed technology talent while also creating a large number of semiconductor-centric jobs. This $1.8 billion investment will be made from a combination of federal funding via CHIPS, state funding, and industry partnership network and SkyWater. The ability to make this large investment will be the result of SkyWater working hand in hand with Purdue and the state of Indiana to successfully obtain federal incentives in the form of grants as defined in the CHIPS Act. These funds are designed to offset the high cost of building and operating manufacturing facilities in the U.S. and mirror incentives that have been commonplace in foreign countries for decades. Specific contributions from each party will be determined as the process unfolds.
As to when we expect to break ground, the process will take time. Now that the legislation has been signed into law, we anticipate funds will be awarded within the next several quarters. We would then break ground as soon as possible after that pending successful commercial partnerships and the associated contributions and funding commitments required to move the project forward. We anticipate our Purdue fab to be a major driver of continued revenue growth in the second half of the decade. As a reminder, the $52 billion CHIPS Act is spread over a five-year period and is divided into several programs, which together include funds allocated to domestic fabrication, assembly testing, and advanced packaging, as well as funding devoted to the DoD and the Department of Commerce for research and development programs, including public-private partnerships to conduct advanced semiconductor manufacturing R&D.
Through our collaboration with Purdue, we are encouraged that SkyWater will be a major beneficiary of this important legislation. It is well understood that SkyWater is relatively unique within its domestic semiconductor ecosystem and that we are a candidate for potential funding from all of the programs enacted in this legislation. We also see opportunities to benefit from the CHIPS Act funding for all of our sites, specifically Minnesota, Florida, and now Indiana. Since our last call, we have made notable progress regarding our rad-hard program that will result in increased rad-hard revenues, driving incremental quarter-over-quarter growth for SkyWater in the third and fourth quarters of this year. In Q2, we successfully completed the base prototype phase with the Department of Defense, and a $27 million option from the total $170 million phase I program has been funded and launched.
Revenues from this award will be a major driver of our sequential revenue growth expected to start in Q3. With the $105 million recognized to date, an additional $38 million and additional potential phase I options remains open for funding in support of continued development. Last quarter, I described the follow-on activities that we were working on to bridge the gap between the phases in advance of the highly anticipated phase II award. We continue to expect the award of phase II productization and qualification will close very soon, which will further contribute to our rad-hard revenues later this year. The important rad-hard progress since our last quarter's call further increases our confidence in our second half revenue ramp, enabling our 2022 revenue objectives towards the 25% target growth level.
These developments are meaningful enough that I thought I would spend a few more minutes discussing the technological and process advantages we have at SkyWater that help explain why we think this will be a major area of growth for us. There are multiple ways an IC can be radiation hardened, and our focus is on both rad-hard by design and rad-hard by process. By incorporating both approaches, SkyWater can provide the strongest solution available, meeting the most stringent reliability requirements for the strategic rad-hard defense market. Our technology is the most advanced option available for strategic applications with a finer node size of 90 nanometers and copper interconnects, making our process superior to competitive offerings. We are also leveraging these capabilities in less stringent radiation environments such as deep space missions, medical diagnostics, and low Earth orbit missions for defense and commercial applications.
We already offer rad-tolerant readout ICs for imaging applications on a different 90-nanometer technology variant, which is a market we are gaining traction in due to our unique offering, and this ROIC offering is also a strong growth opportunity for us. We also believe our ability to support embedded field-programmable gate arrays for a Rad-Hard by Process technology is unique and valuable as programmability is a way of expanding the applicability of our process across multiple applications. The recently announced partnership with Mobile Semiconductor, where they will provide SRAM memory compilers for our RH90 platform, is another way we are making it easier for our customers to design rad-hard chips with us. While not part of our RH90 offering today, we are exploring future opportunities to incorporate MRAM and pursuing ways to leverage our unique capabilities in Florida for the rad-hard market.
We look forward to continuing to report on the expansion of our overall rad-hard revenue opportunity on future earnings calls. In our strategic growth area, BioHealth, SkyWater's work with Rockley Photonics enabling their revolutionary wrist-worn biomarker sensor continues to progress towards a production ramp. 12 consumer device and seven med tech customers are actively contracted with Rockley in various stages of evaluation and pilot production for incorporation of their advanced biosensing technology. Earlier this summer, Rockley announced it had entered the evaluation phase with one of their tier-one wearables customers, which marked another important milestone in their road to integrating non-invasive biomarker sensing into mobile devices. As we shared in past updates, other biohealth initiatives and rapid diagnostic technologies, including our program with NanoDx, continue to progress in manufacturing readiness, and this remains an area with significant growth opportunity for SkyWater.
Next, our Florida operation continues to make good progress in all three elements of our heterogeneous integration technology roadmap. Last quarter, we reported on the first silicon milestone for our DoD-funded IBAS silicon interposer program. This continues to progress ahead of schedule. Phase I qualification lots were completed in Q2, and we expect to be communicating more in the near future about this milestone. The program has now transitioned into the next phase of refining the through-silicon via process in preparation for the qualification of this key new feature. Additionally, our efforts to support backside redistribution layers and passive circuit device features for the interposer technology will enhance our capabilities for more sophisticated multi-chip module and high frequency solutions.
Our test vehicle efforts for the Deca Technologies M-Series continue to move forward as we work to secure the key supplier relationships necessary to complete the tool chain for fabricating the demonstration vehicles. Our plan continues for producing initial test vehicle data packages in early 2023. In the second quarter, we announced our license agreement with Xperi, which provides our customers access to Adeia's ZiBond and DBI wafer bonding technologies. This technology transfer is currently underway, and initial test articles have been produced demonstrating copper hybrid bonding capability on our cassette loading production bonding tool. We view this as a critical pillar of our heterogeneous integration technology platform and a key building block that will enable our customers to develop secure state-of-the-art 2.5D and 3D technology solutions.
Finally, in our strategic growth area of power management and connectivity, we recently announced $15 million of new investment from the DoD as part of the previously announced $27 million award, funding the facilitation of open source design of SkyWater's Sky90 FD process technology in partnership with Google. Our collaboration with Google and this new round of funding from the DoD helps to create an IP pipeline and pathway to commercial volume manufacturing of this novel process technology on fully depleted SOI 90 nanometer CMOS. We expect this FDSOI technology to expand SkyWater's SAM, as this technology is well suited to high temperature, low voltage, low power, and RF applications. Our customer and technology partner, Applied Novel Devices, continues their technology qualification work for a highly differentiated fast switching and low loss power MOSFET.
Plans are also developing to expand this architecture into higher voltage versions of the technology for the automotive and telecom markets. Within the overall power and connectivity semiconductor market, our legacy wafer services products continue to have value and a growth path in the market with longer term and more favorable pricing contracts secured. This gives us a solid base of business that will keep our Minnesota factory well utilized and absorb the fixed fab costs as we seek to diversify and grow our customer portfolio with many expanding customer engagements that will be accretive to both top-line growth and rapidly improving gross margins. To summarize, our 25% growth objective incorporates three elements of revenue appreciation, meeting technology development milestones and achieving better pricing, transitioning more of our ATS technology programs to volume production, and achieving greater fab efficiency.
Our incredible team made progress on all these fronts in Q2, and we still have plenty of room for continued growth as we progress through the second half of the year. While investor concerns continue to increase, stemming from the current semiconductor inventory correction and overall industry softness extending to multiple end markets ahead of a global recession, it is important to differentiate SkyWater from other semiconductor companies. This is because 2/3 of our revenue comes from R&D budgets. The majority of the remaining 1/3 is now secure through long-term agreements. Depending on the severity of a global recession, which could certainly affect our customers' R&D budgets, it's important to recognize that through most cycles, the R&D funding for strategic growth areas tends to be relatively buffered from major economic swings.
Furthermore, our strategic growth areas such as biohealth, extreme environment microelectronics, advanced computing, power, and IoT are continuing to see strong levels of investment. All of this is why we remain confident in continued sequential revenue growth and gross margin expansion as we progress through the forthcoming quarters. For 2022, our significant progress and revenue growth in the first half puts us well on the path to achieve revenue growth approaching our long-term goal of 25%. This is supported by important program design wins and awards and the expected progress of our radiation hardened and biohealth platforms moving toward productization.
Furthermore, now that we have established positive gross margins in the mid $40 million revenue range, as we add these incremental revenue drivers, we expect to see very significant gross margin flow-through, and I look forward to continuing to report on our progress towards our near-term and long-term gross margin objectives in the forthcoming quarters. I'll now turn the call over to Steve for more information on SkyWater's financial and operational performance in the second quarter.
Thank you, Tom. Total revenue for the second quarter of 2022 was $47.4 million, which was slightly down from Q1 and up 15% from the second quarter of last year. Advanced technology services revenue was $29.8 million, and wafer services revenue was $17.6 million. There are a couple of important adjustments to make when comparing our revenue performance to prior periods. First, I will remind you that wafer services revenue in the first quarter of 2022 included an accounting adjustment of $8.2 million for work in process inventory being recognized as revenue pursuant to the new frame agreement with Infineon. This new agreement included increased pricing as well as other improved contract terms that make all purchase orders non-cancelable, and which enable SkyWater to recognize revenue as the wafers move through the manufacturing process.
Altogether, the more favorable contract terms are resulting in both higher levels of revenue as well as greater predictability of revenue from this historical customer. While the accounting adjustment in Q1 effectively pulled in $8 million of WIP revenue, our wafer services revenue in Q2 is a real-time reflection of current pricing and efficiency as these wafers move through the fab. The comparable level of wafer services revenue was therefore 32% higher than Q1 and 23% higher than Q2 last year. Moving now to ATS revenues. The nearly $30 million recognized in the quarter represents an 11% increase year-over-year and a 12% increase over Q1 2022.
After excluding tool revenues for each period, ATS growth in Q2 was 20% year-over-year and 15% quarter-over-quarter, and effectively backfilled all of the decline in wafer services revenue, which was expected due to the Q1 accounting adjustment. Year to date, increased revenue levels in both ATS and wafer services is tracking well toward our revenue growth targets for 2022 as we continue to ramp production and win new customers and programs. The higher level of legacy wafer services revenues provides a new, higher base from which to grow as we continue to add more customers and programs. We added five new ATS program wins in Q2, and we now have a total of seven wafer services customers generating revenue in the current quarter.
Importantly, these incremental and more profitable customer programs above this higher revenue base are resulting in significant flow through to gross profit. GAAP gross profit turned positive in the quarter at just over $2 million, or 4.4% of revenues. On a non-GAAP basis, which adjusts for the impact of episodic tool sales, equity-based compensation, and Florida startup costs, gross margin improved to 5.6%, which was significantly higher than Q1's non-GAAP gross margin of just over 1%. The majority of the sequential improvement in gross margin was a result of more favorable revenue mix, given that ATS revenue increased to 63% of sales. We also achieved a higher level of overall ATS wafer moves in the quarter, where we are able to find opportunities to push more ATS R&D wafers through the fab in order to achieve better utilization and margin performance.
We are also seeing a significant improvement in line balancing, which makes moving wafers through the fab steadier and more predictable. Now that we are firmly above the mid $40 million revenue level, all of these tailwinds are helping drive incremental gross profit flow through of more than 50%. Certain headwinds persist, however, and we continue to see inflationary costs on the rise, impacting both labor and materials. Without these higher costs, our gross margin would have been even higher in Q2. One operational challenge that has materially improved since last quarter is labor turnover. We are now seeing historically low levels of turnover, certainly lower than anything we've seen since our IPO, which is helping us improve fab efficiency and cycle times.
Also worth noting is that in Q3 to date, we are now very close to our full Minnesota fab headcount target, which means we'll see fewer additional labor costs that will need to be added above our expected Q3 run rate as we grow revenues from this new higher base in the mid to high $40 million range. As you dig further into our gross margin profile and considering the high levels of incremental margin we expect to achieve as we begin the revenue ramp for several ATS programs, it may be helpful to look at our cost structure in three major components. First, we have the wafer services business, which accounts for the highest amount of fab utilization and absorbs the majority of fixed costs of the fab, but will generate very little margin given our current customer mix.
Our ATS programs, on the other hand, are quite profitable, and as we move more and more ATS wafers through the fab, that business contributes an increasing amount of gross profit dollars. While ATS R&D wafer volumes are relatively low compared to the overall fab output, they generate far more revenue per wafer, which will result in significant gross margin accretion as we ramp major ATS programs such as Rad-Hard, as well as emerging biohealth and high-performance computing applications. The third component of our cost structure relates to the investment we are making for the long-term growth of the company as we build out our Rad-Hard capabilities in Minnesota and heterogeneous integration capabilities in Florida. Both programs are expected to be significant drivers of future revenue growth for SkyWater, but they are currently adding a significant amount of unabsorbed fixed costs.
In the second quarter of 2022, depreciation related to the Rad-Hard program was $1.5 million, and we incurred $2.3 million in cost of revenue for Florida, excluding tool costs. Additionally, as a reminder, our acquisition accounting related depreciation of about $4 million per quarter will phase out beginning in early 2024. As you consider these three components of our cost structure, wafer services keeping the fab full, ATS adding significant accretion to margin as we increase the volume of R&D wafers moving through the fab, and about $8 million per quarter of cost that will either phase out or become absorbed as we grow these programs in the next few years, you can see how we can quickly ramp gross margins toward our long-term targets.
For the remainder of 2022, we will most likely be limited to single-digit gross margins given the continued inflationary headwinds, our ramp to full headcount in Q3, and the expected margin profile from the early stages of the Rad-Hard revenue ramp. We see 2023 as the year where we can decisively begin to show steady increases above the 10% level. Moving to operating expenses, which were down a bit sequentially. GAAP operating expenses were $13.2 million compared to $14 million in Q1. On a non-GAAP basis, operating expenses were $11.5 million compared to $11.8 million in Q1. Non-GAAP R&D remained relatively consistent at $2.2 million, while non-GAAP SG&A declined to $9.3 million.
Adjusted EBITDA was a loss of $1.6 million, improving from a loss of $4.8 million in the first quarter as a result of higher gross margin and relatively consistent operating expenses. With continued revenue growth expected through the remaining quarters of 2022 with relatively minimal new fixed cost additions, we expect to begin generating positive EBITDA. Interest expense was $1 million in the quarter, and with no tax benefit, the GAAP net loss was $0.32 per share, and the non-GAAP net loss was $0.27 per share. Now I'll turn to the balance sheet. We ended the quarter with $11 million in cash and cash equivalents. Total debt outstanding was $78 million as of July 3, including $44 million on our revolver and $34 million for our variable interest entities, excluding unamortized debt issuance costs.
As you update your SkyWater models, the following is some additional color for the various components of our P&L for the remainder of fiscal 2022. Quarterly research and development expenses are anticipated in the $2.2 million-$2.4 million range, excluding stock-based compensation. Quarterly SG&A expenses are expected to be approximately $10 million-$10.4 million, excluding stock-based compensation. We anticipate annual stock-based compensation to be approximately $9 million for fiscal 2022. Total depreciation for the year is expected to be approximately $26 million-$28 million, of which $6 million-$7 million is related to Rad-Hard program and approximately $15 million is associated with acquisition purchase accounting.
In cost of revenues associated with our Florida operations, we expect approximately $200,000 in second half start-up costs after $560,000 in the first half. In total, heterogeneous integration investments and cost of revenue will continue to average approximately $2.5 million per quarter. We expect neutral to no benefit from our tax assets in 2022. With that, I'll turn the call back to Claire and welcome your questions on SkyWater.
Thank you, Steve. Our upcoming investor activities include the Needham Virtual Semiconductor and SemiCap Conference on August 24th, and the Jefferies Semiconductor Conference in Chicago on August 30th and 31st. Please visit the investor relations section of our website for other upcoming presentations. Operator, please open the line for questions.
Thank you. At this time, I would like to remind everyone in order to ask a question, press star, then the number one on your telephone keypad, and we will pause for just a moment to compile the Q&A roster. We will take our first question from Raji Gill with Needham & Company. Your line is open.
Great. Thanks, and congratulations on all the momentum and being a real key proponent of the CHIPS Act. That's great to hear. Just a question, Steve, on the gross margins. You talked about now that the revenue is over the break-even point, you'll start to see some operating leverage. And then you mentioned that the gross profit fall-through, I guess under normalized circumstances, would be about 50% incremental gross profit fall-through. So I just wanted to get some clarity on kind of the near-term view on margins still being kind of in the single-digit margin range. Can you talk a little about some of the, or at least elaborate further on what are some of the near-term headwinds?
As you go into 2023, you mentioned that you'll be above kind of hopefully above 10% gross margin. Do you think those near-term headwinds are gonna abate on the cost side, and then you'll start to see, you know, the higher volume plus the higher utilization start to kick in and you start to really see the margin leverage in 2023? Just trying to get some clarity on gross margin. Thank you.
Yeah. Good afternoon, and thanks for the question. You know, we're pleased with where we are on achieving you know the revenue levels in the mid to high 40s. We talked about that on our previous call saying once we obtain that, you would start to see some positive gross margin for the company. We also believe that we have some good flow-through that could come in the future as we continue to grow revenue. It's important to see not only is it the incremental revenue growth, but also the mix of revenue that comes through. We're getting back to our more normal model where ATS revenue was 63% of our overall revenue for the quarter. That's gonna be a driver of any gross margin flow-through that comes.
With that though, on staying within, you know, the single digits for the rest of 2022, given the impact that are still coming through from the inflationary cost. The inflationary costs are probably about 6%-8% of our overall revenue, so we are being impacted by those and, you know, planning on those staying with us for the course of 2022. We're still continuing to make those investments for the long term of the company.
We talk about it every quarter, the importance of the Rad-Hard technology and the heterogeneous integration in Florida that we're doing. You know, both of those doing about continued investment each quarter. The depreciation from the Rad-Hard and the cost of revenue from Florida of $4 million-$5 million a quarter. With those headwinds that we expect to remain with us, that's why we're saying good gross margin flow-through will be on the horizon, but we'll keep investing and dealing with the inflationary cost over the course of 2022.
Appreciate that. Tom, on the CHIPS Act, and congratulations on your role in pushing that. Specifically for the Indiana fab update, can you give us some sense of, you know, what the total CapEx of the project could be? How much will be split across, you know, the federal government, the state government, you guys, customer prepayments, if at all? How to think about the potential revenue, how many wafers could come out of that fab? Any kind of quantifiable or at least some sense of how big the opportunity could be.
All very good questions. I think, very premature in terms of the clarity that we can really give. What we have said is that, it's a $1.8 billion project. Obviously, that'll be composed of building the facility and then, putting the necessary equipment in the fab. The model in terms of, you know, the federal investment, the state investment, and industry investment, still to be determined by the Department of Commerce. We're obviously all anxious to see what those rules become. Our goal right now is to work with the state of Indiana and Purdue, to bring our approach, you know, to our customer base.
I can say the enthusiasm for what we're bringing, how we're doing it, the fact that we're stationed at Purdue, their commitment to developing semiconductor curriculum, semiconductor engineers that feed right into our ecosystem, I think has a lot of excitement. As you know, this year unfolds, I think we'll be able to provide more clarity in terms of exactly how the project will unfold. The key, of course, was getting the bill passed. I think SkyWater, for a company our size, we were able to really differentiate the approach we are taking. As I said in my remarks, we're gonna not only go after, you know, the dollars tied to building new facilities, but the dollars tied to innovation.
The $12 billion for R&D-related innovation, the $20 billion a year over 10 years that will be tied to investment through the university system as we build our national semiconductor technology roadmap. These are all areas that SkyWater will participate in. Again, I think there'll be revenue tied to what we execute here in Minnesota and Florida, 'cause we're gonna go after funding for these facilities as well. I see that being more near term. Again, as I said, in the second half of the decade, I think you'll start seeing, you know, incremental revenue come from the Purdue project.
Got it. Just last question from me, and I'll step back from the queue. The significant progress on the RH90 program, you talked about, phase I, $27 million has been funded. Then you mentioned kind of phase II productization qualification, and that should start to hit the model and help you hit the 25% target throughout the year. Can you maybe elaborate on the timing of that, or and the components of that phase II? How should we think about, you know, the breakdown of phase II as we kind of look into Q3 and Q4? Thank you.
Yeah. The Option E component was to really build out the design ecosystem. We've already announced the partnership with Google to bring the RH90 platform to the commercial market. That will be incremental. We'll start seeing that revenue flow beginning this quarter. There'll be other announcements that will be tied to the remainder of that $28 million, $27 million that are forthcoming. Again, that's you know, essentially building out the design capabilities that will leverage the technology. The productization and qualification are phase II. We expect to also be awarded this quarter.
That will be tied to investment for scale and capabilities, etc., so that we can prepare to bring, you know, the RH90 platform to actual products, as 2023 and 2024 unfold, with the idea that you actually get into system designs as you exit 2024 going into 2025. It's the next phase of this program. P&Q means you're preparing to go into productization. The qualification, of course, is dependent on what application. If it's a new product, that'll move faster than a replacement product. All of it is really geared for the next 2 years. It'll drive incremental ATS revenue for us as we invest further with the government to stand up the capability.
As we've said, you'll start seeing actual product-related revenues as you get onto the latter part of 2024 and beyond. You know, once you get designed in, you're designed in, you know, for a good 5- 10 year period for all these programs.
We will take our next question from Harsh Kumar with Piper Sandler. Your line is open.
Everyone, this is Matt Farrell in for Harsh Kumar. My first question is on the long-term growth rate of 25% and the recent momentum with the CHIPS Act and the new fab in Indiana. Does the further clarity on the CHIPS Act provide an upward bias on the growth rate in the future? I guess, how should we be thinking about the CHIPS Act and the new Indiana fab's impact on the 25% long-term growth rate?
Yeah. None of the 25% commitments that we've talked about has anything to do with CHIPS. As of today, they're completely independent. I would see CHIPS as being accretive to what we've been anticipating with our overall plan. It obviously reduces the risk in the out years because you've got a lot of new investment that's going to come into SkyWater for capability and capacity, Purdue being one example. Again, ATS revenues are a key driver of SkyWater, and a lot of the dollars tied to CHIPS are for innovation. That innovation not only originates in the U.S., but it has to stay in the U.S. The IP has to stay in the U.S. The end products need to be manufactured in the U.S. All that plays directly to the SkyWater model.
In no way should you think that our commitment about 25% ever had anything to do with CHIPS. We were pushing heavily to get CHIPS passed, but I see that just being, you know, an overall risk reduction in terms of our ability to, you know, continue to drive that level of growth, as this decade unfolds.
Great. Maybe one more on. I know it has only been a short period of time, but has customer conversation really changed in a meaningful way again now that we have some more visibility on the recent passage of the CHIPS Act? Can you kind of help us understand what it does on your end in any way when you go out to talk to customers, whether it's about, you know, assurance of supply or the ability to work in a more meaningful way? Thank you.
Yeah. I would say absolutely conversations have changed, since literally not just it got signed last week, but leading through the passage, in Congress. The reason again is because it became real. What I would say is you're seeing companies begin to look at how could we take advantage of this, and I'm talking about customers, in that particular regard. If you look at, you know, our DoD partnership, the DoD said, "We want to stand up a new technology. We're gonna partner with SkyWater. We're gonna invest in capability. When that capability comes online, we're going to apply that to our core suppliers, our prime suppliers.
They're gonna get their solutions fabricated at SkyWater, and we're gonna understand completely how that supply chain works from design all the way through final product. That exact model is what we're promoting with other customers and other verticals, and I can say the enthusiasm is as high as I've ever seen it. I don't think any, you know, major entity wants to be left without control of their supply chain, and all of them are looking at new opportunities, new ways to achieve that. Whether it's automotive, bio, you just go down the line, everyone is looking for a new formula. Our partnership approach, our collaborative approach is highly attractive, and we're seeing a lot of interest. You know, our goal, of course, is to get those customers formed into what we call a customer network.
They will provide the industry source of funding to complement what Purdue and the state of Indiana invest along with the federal government in the Purdue example.
Awesome. Thank you so much.
Thanks.
We will take our next question from Krish Sankar with Cowen and Company. Your line is open.
Yeah. Hi, thanks for taking my question. Congrats on the good results. First question for Tom. Of the 25% or so revenue growth this year, how should we think about ATS and data service? Also, can you give us some color on how much of the growth is driven by volume versus pricing? Then I had a follow-up.
Yeah. Great questions, and good to hear it from you. The way, you know, to think of it is it's really, you know, higher ASPs, higher productivity, having more programs flow through our funnel as they, you know. We announced a lot of new customers last year. A lot of those customers continue to progress through the funnel. We see the ATS to wafer services mix staying around the two-thirds, one-third. That's the model that we're, you know, kind of, trying to adhere to on a quarter-by-quarter basis. I think this, you know, this second half of the year, we now have the RH90 expansion that we talked about, that you're gonna start seeing incremental capability, incremental growth on.
We have Florida, where we have six different active customer programs, each at different stages. The Florida facility continues to ramp. We're looking at, you know, expanding our shift coverage. All those elements together is what's allowing us to, you know, stick with the 2/3, 1/3, but also adhere to the 25% growth. You know, the fact that we have such a strong pipeline of ATS capabilities, customers, coupled with a strong desire of all those customers to move as quickly as possible, as I said in my remarks, when you're in a kind of a down cycle potentially in the industry, that's when people really accelerate R&D investment in our industry. We're seeing that exact phenomena.
There's a lot of customers who keep saying, "How can we move faster?" The fact that we're you know getting better productivity out of the fab. We're at our target head count. These are all things that are allowing us to incrementally drive towards that 25% level on an ongoing basis.
Got it. Thanks for that. A quick question for Steve. I understand, it's been too early to figure out the funding dynamics for the Indiana fab. How should we think about CapEx for SkyWater for the next couple of years?
Yeah. CapEx for SkyWater for the next couple of years will be like we've talked about previously. I don't think the CHIPS announcement will change what we're trying to do in our investments for Minnesota and Florida. So anything that we would do from CHIPS funding and the potential fab that we announced in Indiana would just be incremental. On top of that, we're still looking at our core business, and our core business we wanna invest in Florida and Minnesota with the opportunities that are at our hand. Again, this doesn't change our plans for investing in our core business. This would just be incremental investment on top of that we would partnership with the various states, federal governments, and commercial partners as well to fund.
Gotcha. Steve, is there a way to think about, you know, as a percentage of sales, what CapEx will be for the next couple of years for the core business?
Yeah. The CapEx for the core business would remain the same that we talked about, probably between the $10 million-$20 million range, on an annual basis in addition to customer-funded CapEx on top of that.
Got it. Thanks a lot, Tom. Thanks, Steve, and congrats on the good results.
Thank you.
Thank you.
We will take our next question from Natalia Winkler with Jefferies. Your line is open.
Hi. Tom, Steve, thank you for taking my question, and congrats on the strong results. So the first one I had was about your ability to pass on the inflationary cost. Steve, I think you mentioned 6%-8% sort of as a headwind, right? Would you mind kind of explaining diving deep a little bit into that and just kind of walking us through your ability to pass, you know, those costs? I appreciate some of that contract has been increased. You know, the terms of the contracts have been improved for you guys. Outside of that contract with the main customer, how does it look for the rest of the customers?
The buildup was consistent with what we talked about starting in the fourth quarter. We were relatively lightly impacted by the inflationary costs until we saw them coming through in the fourth quarter as we talked about. Those continued in Q1, and we expect those to remain for the remainder of 2022. Really, those costs relate to labor and inflation, attracting the right talent at all levels in all departments of the organization. No matter whether you're in finance or working in the manufacturing process, the labor rates are going up. That's one component of it. We're also seeing, like we talked about previously, the freight and shipping costs have gone up significantly, as well as the chemicals and gases that are used to supply our ongoing manufacturing process.
With all the demand that's out there for tooling and all the growth that's taking place, we're also seeing our suppliers that come in and our equipment manufacturers sending in their technicians. They're having the same struggles as we are, finding the right talent and paying higher prices to keep them as well. We're seeing higher costs in our equipment maintenance component as well. Those are the key costs that have increased over the past couple of quarters we would expect to be with us. You know, we'll do our best to pass those on to the customers as appropriate. We wanna be fairly compensated for the services that we provide.
Our services are in high demand, and as we deliver those services, routinely and on time to our customers, we feel that we should be adequately compensated for those. It's more so on a customer-by-customer basis, that we have those discussions with our customers.
We have increased prices not just for our largest customer in wafer services, but also with many of our ATS customers as well. It's been kind of a universal strategy as contracts come up for renewal that we're implementing these price increases.
Understood. That's very helpful. Then the second follow-up I had was just around your GaN-on-Silicon program. Do you guys have any update for us on this? Then just to confirm, that new facility with Purdue, would that also have that platform enabled, or is that gonna be kind of mostly, you know, driving in your existing fabs?
Yeah. Great question. We do continue to have multiple engagements with customers on GaN- on-S ilicon. Nothing that we can report publicly. As far as the you know, Purdue fab, that would certainly be an option, would be to stand up a 200 millimeter GaN line within that facility. There are many different scenarios we're looking at with the Purdue facility as well as what we're doing here in Minnesota and in Florida. Now that, again, CHIPS has been passed, we can put together an integrated capacity and capability expansion plan, understand how the relative you know grants, et cetera, you know, property tax or tax offsets, et cetera. These are all things that we can begin to put into the formula for how we build out our capabilities over time.
The other thing that, again, makes us very unique is that we're able to go after these innovation dollars, and the innovation dollars have constraints on them in terms of where those technologies can ultimately end up. Again, the key is protecting IP and having a source to fab, you know, fabricate those in the U.S., and that's really, you know, gonna be part of our strategy. What we put in Purdue, what we put into any expansion will be tied to what our customers need to ensure that their innovation ideas can get to market as rapidly as possible.
Understood. Thank you.
As a reminder, it is star one if you would like to ask a question. There are no further questions at this time. Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes today's conference call, and we thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect.