Good day, welcome to the TriplePoint Venture Growth second quarter 2019 earnings conference call and webcast. All participants will be in a listen-only mode. Should you need any assistance, please signal a conference specialist by pressing the star key followed by zero. After today's presentation, there'll be an opportunity to ask questions. To ask a question, you may press star then one on your touchtone phone. To withdraw your question, please press star then two. Please note this event is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to Christopher Gastelu, Interim Chief Financial Officer. Please go ahead.
Thank you, Ashley, and thank you, everyone, for joining us today. We are pleased to share with you our results for the second quarter of 2019. Here with me are Jim Labe, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board, and Sajal Srivastava, President and Chief Investment Officer. Before I turn the call over to Jim, I would like to direct your attention to the customary safe harbor disclosure in our press release regarding forward-looking statements, and remind you that during this call, we will make certain statements that relate to future events or the company's future performance or financial condition, which may be considered forward-looking statements under Federal Securities law. We ask that you refer to our most recent filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission for important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from these statements.
We do not undertake any obligation to update our forward-looking statements or projections unless required by law. Investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements made during the call, which reflect management's opinions only as of today. To obtain copies of our latest SEC filings, please visit the company's website at tpvg.com. Now, I'll turn the call over to Jim.
Thanks, Chris, and good afternoon, everybody. The second quarter represented not only another good quarter, the term that we've been using to describe the past several quarters, but the quarter was truly a great quarter. Our business continued with its ongoing strong performance and returns. In this quarter, we're pleased that our results also reflect and demonstrate the power and value of the warrant kicker, the component that we receive as part of the loans we make in our venture lending business, as well as the direct equity investments that we make in some of our portfolio companies. Once again, we generated a quarter of strong earnings and more than covered our dividend. We're making great progress on all fronts with our earnings, growth in net assets, originations, funding activities, ROE, size of our originations pipeline, and the growing portfolio.
In fact, our portfolio reached almost a half billion dollars in size. This is the highest since our IPO. IPO and M&A activity has increased in our portfolio, and we're particularly encouraged by the number of portfolio companies that are currently planning future IPOs and acquisition activity as well. Collectively, all the signs bode well for the remainder of 2019, and we remain excited on the outlook for continued growth in the portfolio. Here's a few of the highlights. Our earnings per share more than doubled over the quarter of a year ago. We earned well in excess of our dividend from an NII perspective. We continue to post attractive portfolio yields with a 16.5% weighted average portfolio yield on our debt investments, including prepayments. This was the exact same weighted average portfolio yield that we had last quarter as well.
We had a notable unrealized gain this quarter from an IPO at one of our portfolio companies, and we actually had another IPO within our portfolio occur as well just after the close of last quarter. Our net investment income, or NII, for the first half of this year also increased 36% over the same period of a year ago. We also saw our NAV increase this quarter by $0.60. Another outstanding achievement was a 28.5% ROE for the quarter based on the total net income and helped by our unrealized gains. Certainly, an ROE figure all by itself in a class for BDCs. Our ROE for the quarter, based on net investment income, was 12%, a number that we've been running good 10% or more above for the last several quarters as well.
To wrap up, I'd like to point out that all of these quarterly accomplishments were achieved with only modest leverage. Now with increased credit facilities, the signed term sheets we already have in-house, and a strong pipeline, this capacity and the ability to employ additional leverage gives us the potential to enhance our returns even further. The recent IPOs at CrowdStrike and Medallia greatly contribute to our unrealized gains. During the second quarter, CrowdStrike completed its IPO on June 12th. It opened trading at $63.50 after pricing its IPO at $34 a share, which was above the high end of its expected range. The company raised more than $600 million. While we are under a six-month lockup period as of the end of the quarter, the unrealized gain on our investment was $18 million.
The stock continues to perform well. As of yesterday's close at $94 a share, it represents an unrealized gain of $25 million in total. In addition, after the close of the quarter, as I mentioned, another portfolio company, Medallia, they priced an IPO at $21 a share and raised over $325 million. As of yesterday's close, Medallia's stock price was nearly double its IPO price. Aside from these IPOs, we continue to also have positive developments in many other portfolio companies, with several raising new rounds of capital or getting acquired. Sajal will provide more specifics on these events. For delivering this performance, dividend coverage, and returns to our shareholders, we didn't have to stretch. We didn't need to use excessive leverage. We didn't change market strategies or our investment discipline. We continued to keep and stick to our longstanding venture lending business fundamentals at venture growth stage companies.
These haven't changed since the day of our IPO five years ago. A little over five years ago. As we look ahead, momentum in our market remains strong, and the demand for venture lending at venture growth stage companies continues to be brisk, as evidenced by our large and growing pipeline. There's no lack of deal flow. We plan to capitalize on this pipeline and build upon the achievements of these first two quarters of 2019 for the remainder of this year and the years well beyond. Our performance speaks for itself. This is about results, not words. In closing, I'd also like to acknowledge that this month marked the 20th anniversary of Sajal and I working together, which is unprecedented in the venture lending industry and is across two industry-leading platforms.
TriplePoint Capital, as well as TPVG, have benefited from the continuity of our partnership and leadership together over that 20-year period, and we look forward to at least 20 more years of leading the industry and the TriplePoint platform. I'll now turn the call over to Sajal.
Thank you, Jim. Happy anniversary and good afternoon, everyone. During the second quarter, we signed $204 million of term sheets at TriplePoint Capital, closed $98 million of debt commitments with nine companies, and added five new companies to the portfolio at TPVG. The first was Talkspace, which is an online and mobile therapy platform matching patients with licensed therapists and psychiatrists. Talkspace has raised more than $100 million of capital from Norwest Venture Partners, Spark Capital, Steve Case's Revolution, and other investors. Imperfect Foods is an online grocer creating a more sustainable food system by sourcing imperfect produce and surplus food directly and delivering these goods to consumers through a customizable subscription service. Imperfect has raised more than $47 million of capital from Norwest Venture Partners, Shasta Ventures, Maveron, and other investors.
Transfix is an online freight marketplace that uses algorithms and machine learning to provide full load shippers better prices, and truck owners with more attractive routes. Transfix has raised more than $78 million of capital from New Enterprise Associates, Canvas Ventures, Lerer Ventures, and other investors. Curology is a direct-to-consumer subscription-based service offering prescription-based skincare products. Curology has raised more than $20 million of capital from Forerunner Ventures, Sherpa Capital, and other investors. Finally, Bird, which operates as a dockless electric scooter company developing a vehicle-sharing platform. Bird has raised more than $270 million of capital from Sequoia Capital, Accel Partners, CRV, and other investors. As Jim mentioned, we achieved a record level for our investment portfolio this quarter as a result of funding $72.5 million of debt investments with a 13.8% weighted average yield on new fundings to 13 companies.
That 13.8% yield on new fundings is up from 13% last quarter. We also funded $1.7 million of equity investments in five companies. During the quarter, we had $42.5 million in portfolio company prepayments, which contributed to our 16.5% overall weighted average quarterly portfolio yield. Without prepayments, our portfolio yield was 13.7%. As a lender, we're always happy to get our capital back. Prepayments are one way, and we had a meaningful amount last quarter, but we're also pleased that our portfolio generates between $2 million and $3 million of natural principal amortization per month. Moving on to credit quality. The weighted average investment ranking of our debt investment portfolio was 2.03 as compared to 1.95 at the end of the prior quarter.
As a reminder, under our rating system, loans are rated from one to five, with one being the strongest credit rating and new loans are initially generally rated two. Mind Candy was upgraded from Orange 4 to Yellow 3 due to continued improvement in capital raising activities. Cambridge Broadband and ROLI were downgraded from Yellow 3 to Orange 4 due to delays in fundraising or strategic activities, as well as general performance below plan. MapR Technologies, a company where we have only equipment financing outstanding, was downgraded from White 2 to Red 5 during the quarter. As reported in the press, MapR is in active M&A discussions. As Jim mentioned, during the quarter, CrowdStrike had its successful IPO and has traded up almost 50% since then.
During Q2, we also had six portfolio companies raise over $600 million of equity in private rounds, and post quarter end, Medallia completed its IPO and has been trading well. Alongside our record level investment portfolio, we have a strong backlog that provides great visibility into potential near-term portfolio growth over the next few quarters. At the end of Q2, our unfunded commitments totaled roughly $350 million to 25 companies, of which $91 million is dependent upon the companies reaching milestones before the capital becomes available to them. $162.7 million of our unfunded commitments will expire during 2019, $157.3 million will expire during 2020, and $30 million will expire in 2021, if not drawn prior to expiration. During the quarter, we renewed and increased our warehouse facility from $210 million to $265 million with our existing lenders and added an accordion feature enabling us to upsize to $400 million.
We anticipate tapping into the accordion in Q3 as we look to lock in additional variable rate funding capacity to take advantage of movements by the Fed. As we utilize our warehouse and lever up, we will look to use long-term debt as the way to free up capacity, diversify our balance sheet, and approach one times leverage. As of quarter end, our top five positions represented 36.5% of the total debt investment portfolio on a fair value basis, down from 50.9% in Q2 2018. We continue to make progress in diversifying our portfolio, thanks in part to overall portfolio growth, as well as utilization of our co-investment capabilities. Since receiving our exemptive order, TPVG has made 10 co-investments with TPC's proprietary vehicles, and this gives us meaningful financial flexibility as we scale the business.
In closing, given that we are at the halfway mark on the year, we are pleased by the record level of our investment portfolio, year to date NII in excess of our dividend, substantial NAV growth, and exit activity of our portfolio companies. We are heads down focused on a strong finish for the second half of the year and on maintaining our credit quality. I'll now turn the call over to Sajal to highlight some of the key financial metrics achieved during the quarter.
Thank you, Sajal. As mentioned by Jim and Sajal, the second quarter was another strong quarter for TPVG. Second quarter total investment and other income was $18.9 million, an increase of 14.4% compared to the second quarter of 2018. Our investment portfolio generated a weighted average yield of 16.5% during the quarter, including prepayments and other activity, and 13.7% without. This compared to 17.2% and 13.9% in the second quarter of 2018. The increase in total investment income relative to the prior year was primarily due to portfolio growth and, to a lesser extent, the favorable impact of the rise in benchmark interest rates. Expenses during the quarter were $8.8 million, consisting of interest in fee expense of $3 million, base management fees of $2.1 million, income incentive fee of $2.5 million, and administrative and general expenses of $1.2 million.
Expenses increased approximately 14.4% over the second quarter of 2018, when they totaled $7.8 million and were comprised of $2.5 million of interest and related expense, base management fee of $1.8 million, income incentive fee of $2.2 million, and administrative and general expenses of $1.2 million. The increase in expenses was largely related to asset growth, which impacts management fees, higher average debt outstanding, and higher incentive fees associated with performance. Net investment income for the second quarter was up 15% to $10.1 million or $0.41 per share, compared with $8.8 million or $0.50 per share in the second quarter of 2018. The increase in NII was driven by portfolio growth, while the decrease in NII per share relates to a higher share count and the higher level of prepayment income on a per share basis realized in the second quarter of 2018.
We had nominal net realized losses of $17,000 in the second quarter, which related to foreign exchange effects on our non-dollar denominated debt investments. We had net unrealized gains during the quarter of $13.8 million or $0.55 per share, consisting of mark-to-market activity on the investment portfolio. As discussed earlier on the call, the mark-to-market appreciation was primarily due to price appreciation in our publicly traded equity holdings in CrowdStrike and was somewhat offset by fair value marks across the portfolio. Overall, net increase in net assets for the quarter was $23.9 million, or $0.96 per share, compared with $8.4 million or $0.47 a share in the year-ago period. During the quarter, we generated return on average equity of 28.4% and return on average assets of 18.2% on an annualized basis.
This compares to an ROE and ROA of 14.2% and 8.6% for the year ago quarter. Net investment income as a percentage of average equity was 12% for both the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2019. Now turning to the balance sheet. We funded $72.5 million of debt investments to 13 companies, acquired $0.7 million of warrants in 10 companies, and made $1.7 million of equity investments in five companies during the quarter. We had four companies repay outstanding obligations prior to maturity in the amount of $42.9 million and had principal amortization on the remaining debt portfolio of $8.4 million. All told, we ended the quarter with long-term investments of $496 million at fair value, up 24.5% from the prior year and up 14.4% from year-end 2018.
At quarter end, we held 166 investments in 65 companies with a cost basis of $482.4 million and a fair value of $496 million. The company's debt portfolio at quarter end had a cost basis of $457.2 million and a fair value of $444.7 million. We ended the quarter with total liquidity of $203.6 million, consisting of cash of $24.4 million and $179.2 million of undrawn availability under our revolving credit facility, subject to borrowing base and other restrictions. Total outstanding borrowings through the quarter end were approximately $159 million, consisting of $75 million of long-term fixed rate notes maturing in 2022 and $86 million drawn under our revolving credit facility. This put us at a leverage ratio of 0.5 times, which is essentially flat versus Q1 and gives us ample capacity to expand the portfolio without accessing additional capital.
We ended the quarter with net assets of $352.7 million or $14.19 per share. This is up $0.69 year to date and $1.05 from a year ago. During the second quarter, we distributed $0.36 per share, consisting of our regular quarterly dividend. I'm pleased to announce that our board of directors declared a distribution of $0.36 per share for the third quarter, of which 51.6% represents a spillover dividend as a result of over-earning the quarterly dividends in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018. The dividend is payable on September 16th to stockholders of record as of August 30th. This marks the 22nd consecutive quarter we have increased or maintained our quarterly distribution rate. I'll now turn the call back over to Jim.
Thanks again, Chris. At this point, we'll be happy to take your questions. Operator, can you please open the line?
We will now begin the question and answer session. To ask a question, you may press star then one on your touch tone phone. If you're using a speakerphone, please pick up your handset before pressing the keys. If at any time your question has been addressed and you would like to withdraw your question, please press star then two. At this time, we'll pause momentarily to assemble our roster. Your first question comes from Finian O'Shea, Wells Fargo. Please go ahead.
Hi, guys. Good afternoon. Thanks for taking my question and congratulations on the quarter and anniversary. Question on a couple of the portfolio names downgraded, ROLI and Mind Candy. You footnote that part of those loan structures have become past due. Can you comment first sort of high level, given the robust venture capital environment, sort of what that might mean for companies that couldn't find a solution or catch a bid from a new venture sponsor perhaps? And then more on the ground level, what sort of game plan you would have for a company that still holds some value according to your mark but is obviously past due on the loan per se? Thank you.
Yeah. Hi, Finn. I'll start and then Jim, Chris, please jump in. Finn, to answer your question, generally when there are delays in fundraising activity, we collaborate with the sponsors and be helpful where we can. In certain situations it may be delaying payment or deferring payment. Our expectations are for either full catch up of the payment post strategic event occurring or those may get added to principal balance. Generally that's our rule of thumb is we may delay or defer payments during those extended periods for the rounds or the strategic processes to happen and then once they do, caught up, and then current.
Very well. Thank you for the color. Then if I can do another name on Imperfect Foods. It sounds like sort of one of these delivery services of perhaps not widely distributed food. Those businesses, at least on the headline sense, haven't held up very well in some cases. Also that name, I think you mentioned, has raised $47 million, which is on the lower end I think of companies that you'd typically finance on their lifespan. Can you give us some color on the asset value or the intellectual property value on that name?
Yeah. Well, let me comment generally on maybe our consumer companies, and then can talk more specific. Maybe a high level first, I guess, Finn, is when it comes to capital raising activity, we only share information that's in the public domain. To the extent that for many of our companies, those rounds may actually not be announced, may not have been announced, and so we're not going to preempt generally any company and their capital raising activities. Again, equity round activity that we disclose is only information publicly available. Secondly, again, if you look to our core thesis of companies that are rapidly growing minimum revenues of $20 million.
In particular, as we look to e-commerce companies or consumer companies and those that may have historically raised or publicly raised lower amounts of equity capital, most of them are ridiculously efficient and have revenue growth rates and significant scale and enterprise value that are beyond the capital bases, their equity capital bases. My takeaway is you'll be freaking impressed by the profiles of our companies, in particular, some of the names you mentioned, just given the growth and the infrastructure they've built. I'd say last point of grocery in general, you're absolutely right. I'd say 20 years ago, the approach that many online grocery companies took were capital inefficient. The great news is, the next generation of companies have learned and are piggybacking off the knowledge gained to be more efficient, have solid unit economics, and great support from investors.
Sure. Thank you for the color. Just one more small one, if I may, on Medallia, which IPO'd post quarter, as you noted. Were there any additional rights to invest? Would we expect additional exposure post quarter or should we go by what we see on the June 30 profile?
Hey, Finn. It's Chris. Yeah, you should go by the June 30th profile in terms of our holdings.
All right. Thank you guys again.
The next question comes from Matthew Howlett, Nomura. Please go ahead.
Hey, guys. Congratulations. Thanks for taking my question. I just wanted to walk through just as you look at the back half of the year. I know earlier in the year, you gave some guidance on the $75 million-$150 million of funding. I know there's going to be obviously prepayments, you had four in there. You said that you said you're going to utilize the revolver at some point, term out the debt. Just maybe walk me through, I mean, you're still expecting I know you've always said one prepayment, look at that. Is there any more clarity on sort of funding/prepayments and how long it will take you to get up to that upper end of that leverage 1.0 target? Could we see it by the end of the year?
Hi Matt. Sajal here. I'll start and then Jim, Chris, please jump in. Absolutely no change in terms of the guidance that we've given for quarterly fundings for second half of the year, minimum $75 million. We hope as high as $150 million. You know, the second half of the year is the busier time of the year for our portfolio companies as they kind of boost balance sheets for capital raising activities, year-end audited financials, things of that nature. We continue to feel very confident for meaningful portfolio growth over the second half of the year. I think with regards to prepays, we continue to feel confident about one prepay on average a quarter. We've obviously had, I think two or three Q2, two or three in Q1, so we're not using those to average to one.
We have not had any prepayments so far here in Q3. We have no known knowledge as of right now of any prepayments underway. Again, those things usually materialize towards the end of the quarter. Yeah, we are feeling, given the pipeline, the backlog with the unfunded commitments and the visibility that we have of getting to target leverage by the end of the year.
I can't really add to that, I'll just embellish by and reinforce by saying, again, one, sometimes one to two per quarter has always been our guidance, and we do like and expect prepays as part of this great model and good contributors to return and obviously pick up some prepayment penalties at the same time. Given the pipeline, we're gonna continue and see strong growth in the portfolio here by year's end. That's the model.
Great, tremendous momentum and I think you said that it's been a couple of years since you accessed the bond to term market there and certainly your bank are recognizing that with the increase in the facility. Any sense on the appetite to term out some debt and could you see an improvement from when you came back a couple of years ago?
Yeah, great question. I'd say one is a good indicator is our baby bonds are trading well, trading above par. That's a good indicator. We're glad we did not rush to leverage up given today's Fed announcements.
Right
I'd like to say that we continue to show our discipline in terms of capital raising. I don't say we're just in time. We're thoughtful when it comes to when we're not gonna be pressured to raise capital just because the stock may be trading a certain way or the bond may be trading a certain way. We're doing it based on the funding needs of the business. We've got great long-term support from our credit facility lenders stepping up and providing us again the largest single warehouse facility in the venture lending industry. We're proud of that. We have parties that are interested to help us with the accordion, so we're excited to pursue that. I think, as we drive utilization, we'll explore what's the right way to take out. Is it long-term debt? Is it securitization?
We're just, again, focused on building a quality portfolio, scaling it up, and then we'll be mindful of how best to diversify the balance sheet.
Great. Last question. I know you have a real stable lending platform, but we get excited when we see some of these warrant realizations coming out. I know you can't get something like CrowdStrike every time, but any sense on what's in registration in the portfolio? What could come maybe public? I know you can't give any specific names, but it seems like we're in the right part of the cycle, and you guys are there. Just curious on what you're seeing in terms of liquidation events on the portfolio.
I would say definitely at the end of the day, it's what our entrepreneurs and our VC partners, they're the ones that drive the exit activity. The great news is that our VCs are in it for the long haul. They're not here to make a quick killing, so to speak, on the investments. They're investing in industry-leading, multi-billion-dollar potential companies. I would say there's no doubt that our entrepreneurs and VCs are mindful of the current funding environment, both on the private basis and in the publics and in the M&A. I think those that see the ability to drive further value and make some interesting realizations are exploring it. I would encourage you maybe google some of our larger portfolio companies, and you can see those that have some chatter with regards to exit activity.
As Jim said, there are definitely others that are exploring, considering, and working on exit activity events.
Great, guys. Thanks a lot and congrats.
Your next question comes from Casey Alexander, Compass Point. Please go ahead.
Well, good afternoon. Also, again, congrats on the 20 years, and on some incredible successes this quarter. I think I know the answer to this, could you explain why there's no capital gains incentive fee accrual, given the unrealized gains that you had in the quarter?
Yeah, sure, Casey. This is Chris, and thanks for the question. Essentially, the short answer is that the cumulative gains, it's a lifetime test that we haven't exceeded the threshold yet. That may be a little hard for you to discern because we did revise some of our accounting a couple of years ago, so you don't necessarily see that show up in the balance sheet.
You still have tax book losses that you can apply the gains to, even though they're not on the balance sheet?
Yes. Well, now we're not, well, you kind of flipped subjects to tax. We're talking incentive capital gains, incentive fee here.
Well, without it being on the balance sheet, how would we know how to model expected capital gains?
Yeah, I think maybe simplified it. We've had historic realized losses, and these gains are, or those realized losses are offsetting the incentive fees associated with these capital gains, Chris. Is that the simple way to say it?
Said another way, yes. Right. Without it being on the balance sheet, how much do we know is there? I had this conversation with Andrew Olson when this was done, and this was a part of the conversation that we had, that when you remove those losses from the balance sheet, we don't know what's sheltered or not.
Yeah. We can get maybe more detail offline, but I think the gross numbers was about $20 million prior to this quarter, so you can see that this quarter didn't quite overcome $20 million yet.
Okay.
Just correct me if I'm wrong, Chris, but I think in our footnotes in the Q, there is a statement about the cumulative realized losses and gains.
Okay. Secondly, Yeah, go ahead.
I was going to say we can maybe get to a little more detail offline.
Okay, that's fine. Secondly, Medallia, at the second quarter, the mark was $610,000. Do you know what that mark related to in terms of a price per share for Medallia? We can see where it's trading now, but the IPO didn't happen until the third week of July. It's hard for us to tell what that $610,000 relates to in terms of a mark.
Yeah. I think if you just look at that number relative to the shares that we're holding, that gives you that answer. Just with respect to the approach there, recall that it was known that they were going public during the quarter. They had come out of confidential filing, and I think they might have even posted the price range before quarter end. Maybe I'm off on that. As the rules relate to us, since the IPO occurred prior to the publishing of the financial statements, we were able to factor in a little bit the outcome of the IPO in coming up and striking a fair value mark at quarter end.
Okay. On MapR, I understand that it's in some sort of a sale process, but do you know what the residual value of the equipment that is under the equipment lease is, compared to what the valuation is that you're carrying it at the end of the quarter?
Generally, Casey, we're financing mission-critical equipment, servers, furniture, hardware, data center equipment. The fair value mark that we put for the quarter is our expected recovery, factoring in residual value payments from potential M&A and things of that nature. Generally speaking, hardware residuals are anywhere from 10%-30% of original cost if you look at the historic hardware lease financing data.
Yeah. These have been paying down for quite a while, right?
Correct.
Yeah. Okay. All right. Thanks. Thanks for taking my questions.
Thank you.
Your next question comes from Christopher Nolan with Ladenburg Thalmann. Please go ahead, Christopher Nolan.
Hey, guys. Hi, guys. Sajal, for the $75-$150 growth that Matt was discussing, is that for portfolio growth or is that just funding before prepay?
That's funding. Thanks, Chris. Yeah, correct. That's prepayments.
Okay. Are you guys still targeting for the $300 million-$600 million growth or it sounds like you're coming in below that?
Well, $300-$600 of total fundings for the year offset by prepayments. We've had roughly $90 million of prepayments year to date.
Got you. In your comments, I thought I heard that you guys are talking about using long-term debt, possibly. Given the interest rate environment, at least for the balance of 2019, shouldn't we expect you just to use the credit facility more actively?
Yeah, no, again, especially after today, right? Again, for us, we want to make sure we have sufficient funding capacity, and so it's a balance of we don't want to over-optimize. We want to make sure we have sufficient liquidity. The good news, is with the 16.5% yielding portfolio, we're somewhat indifferent with 25, 50 basis points changes in Fed rates, it means deploy more capital, deploy more deals. Yeah, we want to be mindful of making sure we don't rush to raise leverage, and lock ourselves into higher cost long-term capital if we expect rates to come down.
Final question. Are you seeing more entrants into the venture debt market?
It's a question, without coming across the wrong way, that people ask almost every month, and it's been, I want to say, 20 years now since our anniversary. There's always speculation. There's always talk. There's always all kinds of folks in the so-called venture lending business are about to jump into it. At least the market that we serve, again, which is working with just the defined group of select venture capital investors, leading ones associated with some of the biggest tech life science successes of the past several decades. In the market we serve, there's been no change. Imperceptible. No change at all. Maybe out in the larger market, this thing's going on, but not in our market, and you can tell that by looking at our pipeline and our deal flow and in our business.
Thank you, Jim.
Your next question comes from Ryan Lynch, KBW. Please go ahead.
Hey, good afternoon. Thanks for taking my questions. First one, you talked about CrowdStrike and a couple other names. It obviously seems like a very healthy IPO market and venture capital market in general. You saw the benefits of this quarter and probably next quarter with the big move up in CrowdStrike. I'm just wondering, with that sort of very healthy IPO market and venture capital market, we saw the benefits. Are there any dynamics that present some issues? A couple I could think about would be guys IPO-ing versus taking on venture debt because the IPO markets are open or companies maybe prepaying quicker because those markets are open, which could hurt portfolio growth. Just trying to think through. There are obviously some positive dynamics. What are some of the struggles that occur with a really healthy IPO market and venture capital market today?
Yeah, no, a very thoughtful question, Ryan. I would say an interesting takeaway or the way that we look at it is when you see robust M&A and IPO activity, what our data shows is it actually causes other companies to accelerate, to move faster. It shows that, hey, we need to run faster, grow faster to potentially pursue an exit event faster and sooner. What does that mean? These are cash-burning companies. It means that they need to spend more. In order to spend more, they need more capital. That's really where we would argue the value proposition of venture debt, in particular, is the greatest because it enables those companies to raise more capital for that growth acceleration without setting a valuation like an equity round does, which then would be what the basis for an M&A or an IPO.
I'd say high level, we think there's a benefit as it causes more demand, as companies want to kind of accelerate growth. On the other hand, though, as you point out, these companies may not be around for as long and the journey may not be as long, and so that may delay or cut off a long-term potential customer down the road. Again, if you look at the data, the average time for M&A and IPO for a venture-backed company, although it's come back a little bit, is still between 7 and 9 years from that initial funding. It's not like prior times where that acceleration to the exit event was a year or two or three. Still represents strong opportunity for venture debt.
I think the last point, though, is to the extent that we're in a robust equity environment, as we saw in 2017 and here now and then. If companies choose to go the equity path, top off rounds of financing, maybe to set valuation prematurely, yeah, that does cause either them to prepay our debt, delay drawing on unfunded commitments, or not potentially utilize our debt at all. Again, it's multiple levers, but at least given the pipeline of the data points that we're seeing, we're feeling really good that it's just causing the entire ecosystem to pull itself up, run faster, and burn a little more capital and need more capital.
Okay, that makes sense. It's a very helpful, thorough answer. One other question I had. If I just look at your year-to-date highlights, you guys closed about $290 million of new commitments year-to-date and have funded about $163 million. Can you just walk through maybe historically, when you guys make a new commitment, what percentage of those commitments actually end up funding down the road? If you have kind of a ballpark figure with that. Then also, I know some of those commitments, they're milestone-based, so obviously if the company doesn't hit their milestone, it won't get funded. Maybe can you talk about some of the other reasons why you make a commitment, it eventually doesn't end up in the funded category?
Great question. Let me start and please, Jim, jump in. I'd say the fundamental data point for Ryan, for everyone, and for the TriplePoint approach is we fundamentally lend to great companies that have recently raised a round of equity financing. We lend to companies that have cash. We are not last minute bridge financing. That's a strategic part of our approach, lending to companies that have recently closed a round of financing. It validates investor support, it validates enterprise value, it validates your LTV calc, right? We then provide our commitments to those companies, generally with a 12 to 18-month availability period to burn through some of that equity capital that they've raised.
After they've burned through that capital, use our venture debt to give them more runway so that they can achieve more milestones and command a higher valuation, be it in that next equity round, be it in the IPO, or be it in an M&A. Again, we're that lighter fluid financing to help them maximize valuation for that next event. That's the general thesis of our approach to lending, of lending to companies with cash. The fact that they delay, typically, the time that they use our debt, typically towards the middle or the end of the availability period.
We expect, generally, when we commit to a company, that a small percentage will draw at close because, again, of the meaningful liquidity they have day one, and then we'll expect to see some initial utilization between months six and nine, and then the maximum, if not the majority of the utilization towards the end of the availability period before it expires. That's why we report when the unfunded commitments expire, because we think, again, there is a correlation to expiration and utilization of our unfunded commitments. I would say we used to say the rule of thumb was 75% of our unfunded commitments would get utilized before the end of the availability periods.
I think given the robust private equity environment or fundraising environment that we're in, the data shows it's more like in the 50% to 70% utilization of unfunded commitments get utilized before they expire. When you have robust equity activity, as we saw in 2017 and in parts of 2018, when those companies raise rounds a little bit early, they generally then don't need the debt financing that's available to them, and they may ask for us to extend availability or we terminate and then revisit. We use the halftime analogy and come back 12 months later in the third or fourth quarter.
I think that's well said and covers it. There's some other uses, acquisitions and so forth, that our companies use these lines for, but I think that covers it very well.
Yep, that makes sense, and that's really good color. Those are all the questions that I had today. Great quarter. I appreciate the time.
Thank you.
Your next question comes from Casey Alexander, Compass Point. Please go ahead.
Hi. Just a quick follow-up. Knowing that the Fed did cut rates today, that does affect the prime rate. When does that take effect on your loans? Does it take effect immediately or does it take effect at the end of the third quarter?
No, Casey, it takes effect immediately. Keep in mind, we do set prime floors for our portfolio companies, to the extent that loans were originated in a prime at 5.5, they'd have prime at 5.5. To the extent that they were loans earlier in 2018, they would have prime floors, set at the then current prime. That's why we think we're well-positioned in a decreasing Fed rate environment to withhold the portfolio yield given those prime floors.
Okay. All right, great. Thank you.
This concludes our question and answer session. I would now like to hand the conference back over to Jim Labe for any closing remarks.
Thanks. I'll close again by expressing my appreciation to all of you for your continued interest and support in TriplePoint Venture Growth and attending, I guess, our 20th anniversary month here between the co-founders. Hope you share our enthusiasm and excitement heading into the back half here of 2019 and what we believe is going to be a truly strong finish for the year. Thanks, and we'll speak to everyone again soon.
The conference has now concluded. Thank you for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect.