Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to Veru Inc Investor Conference Call. All participants will be in listen only mode. Should you need assistance, please signal conference specialists by pressing the star key followed by zero. After this morning's discussion, there will be an opportunity to ask questions. Please note that this event is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to Mr. Samuel Fisch, Veru Inc.'s Executive Director, Investor Relations and Corporate Communications. Please go ahead.
Good morning. The statements made on this conference call may be forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements may include, but are not necessarily limited to, statements of the company's plans, objectives, expectations, or intentions regarding its business, operations, regulatory interactions, finances and development and product portfolio. Such forward-looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties, and our actual results may differ significantly from those projected, suggested, or included in any forward-looking statements. Risks that may cause actual results or developments to differ materially are contained in our 10-Q and 10-K SEC filings, as well as in our press releases from time to time. I would now like to turn the conference call over to Dr. Mitchell Steiner, Veru Inc.'s Chairman, CEO and President.
Good morning. With me in this morning's call are Dr. Gary Barnette, the Chief Scientific Officer. Michele Greco, the CFO and CAO. Michael Purvis, the EVP General Counsel and Corporate Strategy, and Samuel Fisch, Executive Director of Investor Relations and Corporate Communications. Thank you all for joining our call. Veru Inc is a late clinical stage biopharmaceutical company focused on developing novel medicines for the treatment of breast cancer and for SARS-CoV-2 and other viral acute respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS, related diseases. Our drug development program includes enobosarm, a selective androgen receptor agonist for the management of advanced breast cancer, and sabizabulin, a microtubule disruptor for the treatment of hospitalized COVID-19 and other viral related ARDS. The company also has an FDA-approved product, commercial product, the FC2 Female Condom, internal condom for dual protection against unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections.
The revenue from the sexual health program is being used to partially fund the clinical development of our late-stage therapeutic candidates, which aim to address multi-billion dollar premium market opportunities. This morning, we will provide an update on our prioritization strategy, the progress of the breast cancer and viral ARDS drug pipeline, as well as the commercialization of our FC2 product. We will also provide financial highlights for our second quarter fiscal year 2023. This past quarter, we implemented a prioritization strategy to focus our drug development efforts on those drug candidates, which we believe have the best opportunity to lead to long-term success and shareholder value creation and conserve cash, including a reduction in personnel and certain other measures to reduce costs further. The refocused research and development strategy includes the following.
Plans for ongoing Phase II by 3 study of enobosarm and abemaciclib combination in second line metastatic setting for AR-positive, ER-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer, with the company's clinical trial collaboration partner, Eli Lilly and Company, supplying abemaciclib. 2, a planned Phase III study of enobosarm in bone-only, non-measurable ER-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer. 3, plans for continued development of sabizabulin in a Phase III confirmatory COVID-19 study in hospitalized moderate to severe COVID-19 patients and high risk for ARDS. 4, a planned Phase III clinical study of sabizabulin in hospitalized influenza patients at high risk for ARDS. In addition, the company announced that Veru is reserving sabizabulin for clinical development only in infectious disease indications and accordingly has terminated the Phase III VERACITY trial with sabizabulin in prostate cancer.
Phase II development of VERU -100 asset will be paused with efforts to find a potential suitable development partner to share the cost of such future development. We also sought to sell our ENTADFI asset, which was successful and allowed us to generate additional non-dilutive cash. Company's oncology drug pipeline has 2 clinical development programs for enobosarm, an oral selective androgen receptor agonist for the treatment of advanced metastatic breast cancer. enobosarm is an oral first-in-class new chemical entity, selective androgen receptor agonist that activates the androgen receptor in AR-positive, ER-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer, which results in tumor suppressor activity without unwanted masculinizing side effects and changes in hematocrit.
enobosarm has extensive non-clinical and clinical experience, having been evaluated in 25 separate clinical studies in approximately 1,450 subjects dosed including 3 Phase II clinical studies in advanced breast cancer involving more than 250 patients. In the 2 completed Phase II clinical studies conducted in women with AR-positive, ER-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer, enobosarm demonstrates significant antitumor efficacy in heavily pretreated cohorts that failed estrogen blocking agents, chemotherapy and/or CDK4/6 inhibitors and was well-tolerated with a favorable safety profile. In preclinical studies, metastatic breast cancer tissue samples taken from patients who have metastatic breast cancer that has become resistant to CDK4/6 inhibitors and estrogen blocking agents were grown in mice.
In these mice, treatment with enobosarm in combination with a CDK4/6 inhibitor suppressed the growth of human metastatic breast cancer greater than either drug was able to do alone. Interestingly, the CDK4/6 inhibitor treatment caused the metastatic breast cancer tissue to make higher amounts of the androgen receptor, which may explain the observed synergy of combining a CDK4/6 inhibitor with Inovosaarm, which is as you know, selective AR agonist. The first clinical development study is a Phase IIb/3 clinical study called ENABLAR-2, which is Inovosaarm plus abemaciclib combination treatment with second-line AR-positive, ER-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer. On March 30, 2023, the company met with the FDA to gain further regulatory clarity for the ongoing Phase IIb/3 clinical trial design and program. The Phase IIb/3 study has been amended to accommodate the FDA's latest recommendations to support a potential registration.
In the first stage of the trial, the dose of the enobosarm in the abemaciclib combination is being optimized, and the efficacy and safety of the combination therapy is being assessed in 3 arms of 40 patients each, abemaciclib plus enobosarm 9 milligram combination therapy, abemaciclib plus enobosarm 1 milligram combination therapy, and an estrogen-blocking agent as a control arm. The primary endpoint for the stage 1 of the study is an objective response rate or ORR, which measures objective tumor responses as partial or complete. ORR is an endpoint that the FDA recognizes as an appropriate surrogate endpoint for clinical benefit for a possible accelerated approval, which is consistent with the new FDA guidance issued on March 24, 2023, entitled Clinical Trial Considerations to Support Accelerated Approval of Oncology Therapeutics.
In stage 2 of the Phase II B, 3 study, we plan to enroll approximately 210 subjects in a multi-center open label randomized 1-to-1 active control clinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of enobosarm plus abemaciclib combination therapy versus an alternative estrogen-blocking agent, which is either a selective estrogen receptor degrader or an aromatase inhibitor in subjects with AR-positive, ER-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer who have failed a CDK4/6 inhibitor plus an estrogen-blocking agent, so basically first line. The primary endpoint is progression-free survival, which is used to confirm the ORR findings in stage 1. In January of 2022, Veru entered into a clinical trial collaboration supply agreement through which Eli Lilly supplies abemaciclib, an FDA-approved CDK4/6 inhibitor for the ENABLAR-2 study.
As you can see, the regulatory strategy and the clinical designs of the Phase IIb/3 ENABLAR-2 clinical study could yield an accelerated approval from stage one and a full approval from stage two for the second-line abemaciclib enobosarm combination treatment of AR-positive, ER-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer. We anticipate having clinical data for the Phase IIb/3 ENABLAR-2 study in 2024. The second clinical study plans to evaluate enobosarm monotherapy for the treatment of bone-only non-measurable ER-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer. Bone is the most frequent site of breast cancer metastases with bone metastases noted in 60%-80% of metastatic breast cancers. Up to 51% of patients have bone-only non-measurable breast cancer metastases, they have very limited therapeutic options. enobosarm inhibits breast cancer growth and it builds and heals bone by increasing both cortical and trabecular bone.
Further, enobosarm increases muscle mass and improves physical function. Both the beneficial bone and muscle effects may reduce the skeletal-related events caused by bone metastases. Accordingly, enobosarm could be a potential therapeutic option for women with bone-only non-measurable metastatic breast cancer. We plan to meet with the FDA to discuss the Phase IIb/3 clinical development program to evaluate enobosarm monotherapy in bone-only non-measurable metastatic breast cancer. Turn our attention now to the viral ARDS infectious disease program. ARDS is a form of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema with diffuse alveolar damage associated with systemic inflammatory conditions. Viruses can cause up to one-third of community acquired pneumonia, and viruses can trigger the immune system to release an overwhelming amount of inflammatory proteins known as a cytokine storm. The cytokine storm causes tissue damage in the lungs that leads to ARDS. Patients who develop ARDS have a high mortality rate.
Virus-induced ARDS remains a significant unmet medical need with limited treatment options. Common viral infections that cause ARDS include COVID-19, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus, also known as RSV, and other virus infections that may also lead to ARDS and death, posing a global public health risk to society includes smallpox and Ebola virus. A single outbreak involving any one of these viruses would be an immediate global emergency with limited existing options available for treatment. As ARDS results from the over-exaggerated immune inflammatory response by the patient to a virus infection rather than direct injury from the virus infection itself, an antiviral agent alone may not be effective. Cibisibulin has host-targeted antiviral and a broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory agent, has the potential to address the virus infection and the inflammation caused by the cytokine storm that causes ARDS, multi-organ failure, and death.
Company is developing cibisibulin for the treatment of hospitalized to moderate to severe COVID-19 patients at high risk for ARDS and death. ARDS remains the most frequent serious complication of severe COVID-19 infection. It has been reported up to 33% of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 have ARDS, and 75%-92% of patients admitted to the intensive care unit with COVID-19 have ARDS. The mortality rate of COVID-19-associated ARDS is 45%. Among patients who die from COVID-19, there's a 90% incidence of ARDS. In the current endemic phase, COVID-19 infections is estimated to be the fourth leading cause of death in the United States. COVID-19 is not going away. It has transitioned to a new disease that will remain with us, like influenza and RSV.
The endemic phase with COVID-19 remains deadly, with the latest data from the CDC reporting 1,100 deaths this past week and an average of 4,500 hospitalizations a day. The number of COVID-19 cases is expected to be seasonal, with a rise in midsummer when people gather indoors to get out of the heat, and in the winter when they gather to get out of the cold. As the COVID-19 endemic continues, we need to remain vigilant and focused on preparedness for the next wave of infections involving new, potentially more dangerous mutated virus strains. In fact, a new mutated strain of Omicron has emerged called Arcturus. It's also known as XBB.1.16, and it appears to have high infectivity and pathogenicity.
COVID-19 will be a problem for the foreseeable future, and there's a great need for effective therapies, especially for these hospitalized patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 infection at high risk for ARDS. The company has completed a positive phase II and a positive phase III COVID-19 clinical trials evaluating sabizabulin. The phase III clinical study was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study in 204 hospitalized moderate to severe COVID-19 patients at high risk for ARDS. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients that died by day 60. Based on a planned interim analysis of the first 150 patients randomized, the independent data monitoring committee unanimously recommended that the study be stopped for clear evidence of clinical efficacy, and they identified no safety concerns.
In the interim analysis, treatment with sabizabulin 9 milligrams once a day resulted in a clinically meaningful and statistically significant 55.2% relative reduction in deaths compared to placebo. On May 10, 2022, the company had a pre-emergency use authorization, so that's EUA, meeting with the FDA to discuss the submission of an EUA application for sabizabulin COVID-19 treatment. On June 7, 2022, the company submitted a request for FDA emergency use authorization for sabizabulin. On July 6, 2022, the company announced publication of the interim analysis, interim efficacy, and the full safety clinical results from the Phase III COVID-19 study of sabizabulin in the NEJM Evidence.
February 28, 2023, the FDA notified the company that it had declined to grant, at that time, the company's request for emergency use authorization for sabizabulin to treat hospitalized mild to severe COVID-19 patients. In communicating its decision, the FDA stated that despite the FDA declining to issue an EUA for sabizabulin at this time, the FDA remains committed to working with the company in development of sabizabulin. Separately, on February 16, 2023, the FDA also provided comments on a confirmatory Phase III study protocol submitted by the company that could support a new EUA request to the FDA.
In regard to the study design, the FDA stated that strong consideration should be given to the appropriate time frames for interim analyses, so that should a, quote, "strong efficacy signal again be observed, the trial could be stopped in an efficient time frame," end quote. On April 27th, 2023, the company met with the FDA and reached agreement on the design of the phase III confirmatory COVID-19 clinical trial and the path forward to submit a new EUA application and/or NDA. The FDA agreed to a confirmatory phase III randomized 1-to-1 multicenter global efficacy and safety study of sabizabulin 9 milligrams oral daily dose plus standard of care treatment versus placebo plus standard of care treatment in 480 hospitalized adult patients with moderate severe SARS-CoV-2 infection who are at high risk for ARDS.
The patient population for sabizabulin will be expanded to include all hospitalized moderate to severe COVID-19 patients. That's WHO 4, passive low flow oxygen, WHO 5, forced or high flow oxygen, and WHO 6, mechanical ventilation. There's no requirement to have a comorbidity. The primary efficacy endpoint will be all-cause mortality at day 60. Secondary endpoints include days in the hospital, days in the ICU, days on mechanical ventilation, and a proportion of patients alive without respiratory failure. An exploratory endpoint will be the presence of long COVID-19 symptoms at day 180. In order to get a potentially efficacious drug to patients in an efficient time frame, there are 2 planned interim efficacy analyses that will be conducted.
As requested by FDA, the first planned interim analysis will occur when 204 patients, that's 50% of the population, have completed day 60 primary efficacy endpoint. The second planned interim analysis is expected to occur when 290 patients, which is 71%, have completed the day 60 primary efficacy endpoint, which incidentally is the same time frame with a similar amount of data as when the interim analysis was conducted for the first phase III study.
If either of the interim efficacy analyses meets statistical significance criteria, the trial could be stopped for efficacy should the pre-specified primary efficacy endpoint analysis demonstrate a statistically significant effect on all-cause mortality favoring sabizabulin. The company may consider a new request for an EUA and or submission of an NDA, quote, "As the company would potentially have two adequate and well-controlled trials for review," end quote. The program has Fast Track designation, a rolling NDA submission is a possibility for sabizabulin. The phase III confirmatory COVID-19 clinical trial is expected to begin enrollment in second half of 2023, and the first planned interim efficacy analysis is anticipated to be conducted in 2024. Our justification for pursuing a phase III confirmatory trial in hospitalized mild to severe COVID-19 patients at high risk for ARDS is as follows.
First of all, COVID is here to stay. It's a large market size, it's the fourth leading cause of death. There's lack of effective treatment options and a high mortality rates in COVID-19 patients who progress to ARDS. Cibisibulin has a unique mechanism of action as a host-targeted antiviral and a broad anti-inflammatory agent, and it's viral mutant strain agnostic. As requested by the FDA, the host targeted antiviral activity of cibisibulin has been reconfirmed with an in vitro cell study done at the University of Rochester by the University of Rochester. Cibisibulin has demonstrated efficacy and safety in previous phase II and phase III clinical studies. We have regulatory clarity. The phase III COVID-19 confirmatory study with two potential interim analyses to assess efficacy of cibisibulin earlier.
The company may request a new EUA and or an NDA with this additional data from the Phase III confirmatory COVID-19 study. Interestingly, under Section 564 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, FDA may continue to issue EUAs, and EUA drugs may be available after the national public health emergency ends today. Clinical evaluation of other drug candidates by competitors had marginal or no activity. Thus, there will be less competition for hospitalized COVID-19 patients to enroll into clinical trials. Having a positive first Phase III COVID-19 study with cibisibulin treatment demonstrating a mortality benefit published in New England Journal of Medicine Evidence should also help with patient recruitment into clinical trials.
Compared to the first phase III clinical study, we plan to conduct a confirmatory phase III clinical study in a greater number of clinical sites, with approximately 100 sites compared to 50 clinical sites for the previous phase III study. Now, as it relates to the current ex-US regulatory status, the company believes that it's most likely that all the ex-US regulatory authorities, like the FDA, will require some level of new additional clinical data, including from the confirmatory phase III study, before granting emergency conditional or other similar authorizations of cibisibulin for COVID-19. In April, we submitted a request to the FDA's CDER, C-D-E-R, to reevaluate the FDA's declination of our EUA for cibisibulin through the FDA's formal dispute resolution process, often referred to as the FDA Dispute Resolution or the FDR process.
We will provide more details on the content of our FDR application when we have an FDA response on the next steps. For now, we can state that our main argument for seeking a reevaluation is that we believe the FDA applied an incorrect standard of review of our EUA, essentially holding our data to the proven safe and effective standard of a new drug application, rather than the proper standard under an EUA application of whether Cibisibulin's potential benefits outweigh its potential risks. We also believe that this inappropriate standard affected much of the November 2022 Paddock Advisory Committee meeting. Also, we have contrasted the FDA's higher level of scrutiny towards our Cibisibulin EUA with other EUAs that have been granted, including the recent EUA granted for Kohibic for certain late-stage COVID-19 patients.
We're now awaiting the FDA's decision on whether to accept our request into the FDA FDR process. We will determine our next steps based at that time, based on the FDA's response, but we will consider all options. We hope to hear this month, but because we're dealing with an EUA and not proceeding under a PDUFA statute like we would if we had filed an NDA, the FDA's timelines are not definite. Our FDR application is a matter of high importance to Veru, and we will update you when the time is appropriate.
In order to position cibisibulin as a drug to be used broadly for the treatment of viral ARDS, so in other words, COVID is sort of the hook into ARDS, the company also plans to expand the clinical development of cibisibulin for the treatment of hospitalized influenza patients at high risk for ARDS and death. On April 4th, 2023, the company announced positive results from a preclinical study of cibisibulin, demonstrating robust anti-inflammatory activity with improved outcomes in an H1N1 influenza-induced pulmonary infection mouse ARDS model. H1N1 is the old Spanish flu and now swine flu, and this was conducted by a team of researchers at Labcorp Early Development Laboratories in the United Kingdom. Cibisibulin treatment resulted in a statistically significant decrease in the total number of inflammatory cells and a reduction in key cytokines and chemokines in lung fluid.
Clinically, cibisibulin treatment resulted in a reduction in severity of lung inflammation by histopathology, and there was a dose-dependent improvement in lung function. Oral administration of the two milligram per kilogram cibisibulin resulted in a reduction in clinical signs and body weight loss associated with H1N1 infection. Company expects to submit the full data set for presentation in the future scientific meetings and peer review publications. These preclinical data suggests that cibisibulin has the potential for treatment for hospitalized influenza patients at high risk for ARDS and death. The pathogenesis and mortality rates for hospitalized influenza patients who develop ARDS are similar to COVID-19-associated ARDS, representing a high unmet need and very limited treatment options. According to the CDC, this is important, influenza burden estimates in the United States were up to 630 hospitalizations and 55,000 deaths in just the last six months.
Accordingly, Veru is planning a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled Phase III clinical trial evaluating cibisibulin in hospitalized adult influenza patients at high risk for ARDS. Moreover, the company's plan to expand the development of cibisibulin for smallpox and Ebola viruses under the Animal Rule FDA regulatory pathway. On April 11, 2023, the company announced positive results from a preclinical in vitro study evaluating the effects of cibisibulin against the prototypical poxvirus called the vaccinia virus, which demonstrated cibisibulin prevented both the release of the poxvirus from infected cells and the spread of the poxvirus to healthy cells. This was conducted by a team of researchers led by Dr. Brian Ward, who's Associate Professor of Microbiology and Immunology at University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry in New York. The company expects to submit the full data set for presentation in future scientific meetings and peer review publications.
Based on the preclinical data, the company plans to expand Cibisibulin program to include other serious virus infections that pose a global public health threat to society. Cibisibulin, as a host-targeted antiviral and broad anti-inflammatory agent, may be useful as a novel treatment, not only against smallpox and other poxviruses, but it may also reduce the hyperreactive immune response triggered by poxvirus that's responsible for severe pneumonia, ARDS, multi-organ failure, and death. The company plans to have a pre-IND meetings with the FDA to discuss the Animal Rule regulatory requirements for assessing the efficacy of Cibisibulin for smallpox virus, as well as the Ebola virus. Clinical human efficacy trials of drugs for preventing or treating smallpox and Ebola viruses are not feasible, and challenge studies in healthy subjects are unethical.
Therefore, drugs for these indications are generally developed and approved under a regulatory pathway commonly referred to as the Animal Rule. FDA may grant marketing approval based on adequate and well-controlled animal efficacy studies when the results of those studies establish that the drug is reasonably likely to produce clinical benefit in humans. As for our commercial business, the Company's sexual health program consists of FC2, an FDA-approved commercial product with dual protection against unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. The Company sells FC2 both in the commercial sector and in the public health sector, both in the U.S. and globally. In the U.S., FC2 is available by prescription through multiple telemedicine internet pharmacy channels as well as retail pharmacies. The Company has launched its own dedicated direct-to-patient telemedicine pharmacy services portal platform to continue to drive sales growth.
FC2 is also available to public health sector entities such as state departments of health and 501(c)(3) organizations. In the global public health sector, the company markets FC2 to entities, including ministries of health, government health agencies, UN agencies, and nonprofit organizations and commercial partners. Company had another FDA-approved product, ENTADFI, which is finasteride topical capsules for use as a new treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia that was approved by the FDA in December of 2021. On April 19, 2023, the company entered into an asset purchase agreement with Blue Water Biotech. The purchase price for the transaction was $20 million, plus $80 million of potential sales milestones based on net revenues of ENTADFI after closing. I will now turn the call over to Michele Greco, the CFO and CAO, to discuss the financial highlights. Michele?
Thank you, Dr. Steiner. As Dr. Steiner indicated, we continue to have a lot of ongoing activity at Veru. Let's start with the second quarter results for the 3 months ended March 31st, 2023. Overall, net revenues were $6.6 million compared to $13 million in the prior year's second quarter. The company reported quarterly sales for its U.S. prescription business of $4.1 million compared to $11.6 million in the prior year's second quarter. The decrease in the prescription business is due to lower volume from our customers as a result of ongoing business challenges, which includes changes in strategy, the impact from a rebranding, a reduction in marketing spend, and the recent bankruptcy filing of The Pill Club, an important FC2 customer, all resulting in a slowdown of orders in recent periods.
Net revenue from the global public sector business for the quarter was $2.4 million compared to $1.4 million in the prior year's quarter. The increase in the public sector business is because the company began shipping to South Africa under the most recent tender during the quarter and because the company is seeing increased orders in the U.S. public sector resulting from two contracts executed last year. Overall, gross profit was $4.1 million, or 62% of net revenues, compared to $11.2 million, or 86% of net revenues in the prior year quarter. The decrease in gross profit and gross margin is driven primarily by decreased sales in our U.S. FC2 prescription business.
Operating expenses for the quarter increased to $43.5 million compared to the prior year's quarter of $22.9 million. The increase is primarily due to research and development costs, which increased $7.4 million- $22.9 million compared to $15.5 million in the prior year quarter, and the increase in selling general and administrative expenses of $5.4 million from $7.4 million in the prior year quarter to $12.8 million in the current quarter. The increase in research and development costs is due to the number of ongoing clinical trials, mainly for preparation for the Phase III COVID-19 confirmatory study and costs related to the ongoing and planned Enobosarm studies, along with increased personnel costs due to increased headcount.
The company also incurred expenses related to preparation of the launch of COVID-19 under an EUA, including manufacturing drug products for the launch as required by the FDA. The increase in selling general and administrative expenses is primarily due to the commercialization costs related to preparation for the potential launch of sabizabulin for COVID-19 prior to the FDA's declination of the company's EUA application and an increase in personnel-related costs due to increased headcount. Most of this incremental headcount has now been reduced post the EUA declination.
During the quarter, we recorded an impairment charge totaling $3.9 million related to in-process research and development assets recorded for Cibisibulin for prostate and Zuclomiphene citrate because of the company's change in strategy to focus its efforts on those drug candidates which have the best opportunity for long-term success and the potential for meaningful Phase III data readouts in 2024. We also recorded provision for credit losses of $3.9 million related to the total amount due from The Pill Club as a result of the uncertainty of their financial condition after they filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in April. The operating loss for the quarter was $39.4 million compared to $11.8 million in the prior year quarter.
Non-operating income was $559,000 compared to a non-operating loss of $2.4 million in the prior year's second quarter and primarily consisted of interest expense and the change in the fair value of the derivative liabilities related to the synthetic royalty financing. For the quarter, we recorded a tax benefit of $67,000 compared to $27,000 in the prior year's second quarter. The bottom-line result for the quarter was a net loss of $38.8 million, or $0.48 per diluted common share, compared to a net loss of $14.2 million or $0.18 per diluted common share in the prior year's second quarter. Turning to the results for the six months ended March 31st, 2023.
For the first six months, of fiscal 2023 total net revenues were $9.1 million compared to $27.2 million in the prior year period. Net revenue from the US prescription business was $4.3 million compared to $23.2 million in the prior year period. The causes for the reduction of the net revenues from the prescription business for the period are consistent with those in the quarter. In addition, the net revenues from the PillClub were $3.9 million for the current period, compared to $10.8 million in the prior year period, a reduction of $6.9 million. Due to the PillClub's Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing, we are uncertain whether these revenues will return in the future.
Net revenues from another prescription channel customer were $11.3 million in the prior year period and 0 in the current period. We understand this reduction is due to the impact of its most significant customer, in turn, reducing its orders. Net revenue from the global public sector business for the period was $4.8 million compared to $4 million in the prior year period. Overall, gross profit was $4.8 million, or 53% of net revenues, compared to $23 million or 85% of net revenues in the prior year period. The decrease in profit and gross margin is due primarily to the decrease in the U.S. prescription business. Operating expenses increased by $40.1 million- $79.8 million compared to the prior year's period of $39.7 million.
The increase is primarily driven by research and development costs, which increased by $16 million- $41.6 million from $25.6 million in the prior year period, and the increase in selling general and administrative expenses of $16.3 million from $14.1 million in the prior year period to $30.4 million in the current period. The factors contributing to the increase in research and development costs and selling general administrative expenses are the same as those described for the quarter. As I mentioned before, during the quarter, we also recorded an impairment charge of $3.9 million related to in-process research and development costs and a provision for credit losses of $3.9 million related to receivables from The Pill Club.
Operating loss for the period was $75 million compared to $16.7 million in the prior year period. The increase in the operating loss of $58.3 million is due to the increased research and development costs, increased selling general administrative expenses, the impairment charge, the provision for credit losses, all combined with the reduction in net revenues during the current year period. Non-operating expenses were $763,000 compared to $3.7 million in the prior year period and primarily consisted of interest expense and the change in the fair value of the derivative liabilities related to the synthetic royalty financing.
For the six-month period, we recorded a tax benefit of $135,000 compared to a tax expense of $87,000 in the prior year period. The company has net operating loss carryforwards for U.S. federal tax purposes of $112.5 million, with $29.7 million expiring in years through 2042, and $82.8 million, which can be carried forward indefinitely. Our U.K. subsidiary has net operating loss carryforwards of $63.1 million, which do not expire. The company also has U.S. federal research and development tax credit carryforwards of $8.5 million, which expire in years through 2042.
The bottom line results for the first six months of fiscal 2023 was a net loss of $75.6 million or $0.94 per diluted common share, compared to a net loss of $20.6 million or $0.26 per diluted common share in the prior year period. The net loss for the company increased by $55 million for the current period. The main reason for the increase in the net loss relates to the company preparing for the potential launch of Cibisibulin for COVID-19 in the U.S. and outside the U.S. This required building a commercial team, engaging vendors to assist with the commercial launch and manufacturing drug product for the launch upon the EUA approval as required by the FDA.
Since the declination, the majority of the employees hired for the commercial team have been terminated and the commercial launch sales and marketing related vendor contracts have been canceled. The related costs for commercialization for the period totaled $12.1 million. The cost of manufacturing drug product for the launch for the period was $12.4 million. With the change in strategy, the company stopped several drug development trials and reduced headcount related to the reduction in drug trials. During this period, we also recorded an impairment charge of $3.9 million and a credit loss charge of $3.9 million. Lastly, our gross margin decreased by $18.2 million for the period. Looking at the balance sheet.
As of March 31, 2023, our cash balance was $23.5 million and our accounts receivable was $4.2 million compared to a cash balance of $80.2 million and an accounts receivable balance of $3.6 million as of September 30, 2022. Our net working capital was $4 million on March 31, 2023, compared to $63.3 million on September 30, 2022. During the six months ended March 31, 2023, we used cash of $60.1 million for operating activities, compared with $12.6 million used for operating activities in the prior period. We generated cash of $2.6 million related to the sale of shares under the common stock purchase agreement with Aspire Capital.
There has been a lot of activity since the end of our second quarter on March 31, 2023. On April 12, we entered into a stock purchase agreement with the Frost Gamma Investments Trust, which generated $5 million from the sale of shares of the company's common stock. On April 19, we entered into an asset purchase agreement to sell our ENTADFI product to Blue Water Biotech for $20 million. We received $6 million at closing, $4 million payable by September 30, 2023, $5 million payable by April 19, 2024, and $5 million by September 30, 2024. There's the possibility of up to $80 million in sales milestone payments.
On May second, we entered into a common stock purchase agreement with Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC, which provides the company with the right, but not the obligation, to sell to Lincoln Park up to $100 million of shares of the company's common stock over a 36-month period. We are working to increase the future net revenues in the prescription channel by growing awareness and demand of FC2 through increased marketing efforts for our own telehealth platform and pursuing additional distributors in the telehealth sector. We've started to see an increase in the U.S. public sector as a result of new agreements recently executed and are seeing increases in our global public sector business from shipments and tenders. We will continue to consume cash as we develop our drug candidates.
We believe the current cash balance, along with the revenue from sales of FC2, cash payments we'll receive from the recent sale of our Intasy product, and our ability to secure financing will be adequate to fund the planned operations of the company for the next 12 months as we continue to focus on developing novel medicines for the treatment of breast cancer, for COVID-19 and other ARDS related diseases. I'd like to turn the call back to Dr. Steiner. Dr. Steiner?
Thank you, Michele. As Ms. Greco said, the main reason for the increase in the net loss relates to the large expense of preparing for potential losses Cibisibulin for COVID-19 in the U.S. and outside the U.S. This required building a commercial team, engaging vendors to assist in the commercial launch and manufacturing drug product for launch upon EUA approval as required by FDA. These activities have ceased. We've hit the reset button. As for our cash burn and cash position, we have been able to also significantly cut costs by prioritizing our spend, restructuring our clinical development to focus only on the most promising near-term programs. We have strategically positioned Veru on late-stage clinical programs in both advanced breast cancer with enobosarm and virally induced ARDS infectious disease program with Cibisibulin, both areas of great unmet need. These are major premium market opportunities.
Our cash and cash equivalents are $23.5 million as of March 31, 2023, subsequent to the company's fiscal year 2023 second quarter, as previously disclosed, Frost Gamma Investments Trust acquired $5 million of company common stock in a private placement. The company sold its Entaffi product to Blue Water Biotech for $20 million and up to $80 million in additional sales milestones. Veru has also entered into a common stock purchase agreement for purchase of up to $100 million with Lincoln Park Capital Fund. Under the terms of the agreement, Lincoln Park has committed to purchasing up to $100 million of Veru's common stock at Veru's sole discretion from time to time over a 36-month period.
We're pleased to enter into this transaction with Lincoln Park Capital and we believe that this agreement allows us to access capital in a very efficient manner. We believe this purchase commitment further enhances our financial flexibility and is aligned with our long-term strategy for shareholder value creation. We intend to use any net proceeds from the sale of common stock to Lincoln Park Capital for working capital or for general corporate purposes, as well as to advance our late-stage clinical programs. Furthermore, we have a near-term strategy to drive FC2 revenues from our commercial business as follows: We are adding additional telemedicine and internet pharmacy service partnerships. We have our own dedicated direct-to-patient telemedicine internet pharmacy services portal. We're pleased with the telemedicine portal as a growing source of revenue.
Making this strategic move has allowed us to both supply FC2 to other telemedicine providers and to also have our own FC2 dedicated telemedicine portal that we can control and grow. We've expanded our pharmacy fulfillment capabilities to over 50 states in the U.S., and the website can be reached at fc2condoms.com. We expect to continue to increase U.S. public sector sales through our agreements in New York State Department of Health and with the distribution partners with Global Protection as well as Afaxys. We're seeing an increase in global public health, public sector sales, and we believe Brazil is getting ready to order a new tender. It should be noted we had an improvement in our FC2 revenues in second quarter of fiscal year 2023.
Finally, we are actively seeking, in some cases already in discussions, for potential partnerships with enobosarm in breast cancer and sabizabulin in virally induced ARDS as another source of non-dilutive capital. All of these resources and business development activities should allow us to advance our most important drug candidates, enobosarm for second line AR-positive, ER-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer and sabizabulin for SARS-CoV-2 viral ARDS that could yield Phase III clinical data in 2024. With that, I'll now open the call to questions. Operator?
Ladies and gentlemen, at this time, we will begin the question-and-answer session. To ask a question, you may press star then one on your telephone keypad. If you're using a speakerphone, we ask that you please pick up your handset before pressing the keys to ensure the best sound quality. To withdraw your question, please press star then two. Please limit yourself to one question and one follow-up. If you have further questions, you may re-enter the question queue. Once again, that is star then one to rejoin the question queue. We will pause momentarily to assemble our roster. Our first question will come from Yi Chen with H.C. Wainwright. You may now go ahead.
Hey, good morning. I'm sorry if I missed this during your prepared remarks. My line was a little choppy. Any color on if you have to rehire or rebuild a commercial team, following the potential positive pivotal study results from . Thank you. Also any learnings from your previous efforts.
To make sure I understand the question. The question is, would we consider building a commercial team for our drugs going forward?
Yeah. Any learnings from what...
Oh, learnings. Yeah. Yeah.
Yeah.
Absolutely. Absolutely. Yeah. Thank you for that question. Yeah. I'll tell you what the learnings are. You know, again, the purpose of this is to, you know, to get as much candor as we can. You know, we were told by both the European authorities and U.S. that, you know, we have to have drug ready to go, commercially ready to go, and we also need to have the ability to distribute ready to go. So we invested and heavily because we, you know, we waited nine months. We were under the impression that this would be short term. That's why they call it Emergency Use Authorization. It turned out to be much longer than that. For nine months, we sat there burning cash.
The learnings the next time is either you have a partnership with a group that already has a commercial team ready to go and you can incrementally add to that commercial team, or you just wait. You handle the manufacturing piece because you have no choice. You have to have drug to release. You know, maybe the public will get mad at us if we don't launch quickly, but I'd rather have the public get mad at us for not launching quickly than sitting here for nine months burning cash with a group that was ready to launch in July.
The learnings is, you know, going forward, until I see in black and white that the FDA or any of the other regulatory authorities have approved or authorized the product, you know, we're gonna sit tight. Or like we're doing now, pursue partnerships with commercial organizations that are in this space that know how to commercialize. In which case then, you know, it's not a, not a big incremental expense for them to be ready and be in idle. For a company of our size that's focused on clinical development, you know, it was a major learning. In all fairness, you know, we're in the middle of a public crisis. It was an emergency.
People were dying at some point 7 to 1,000 patients a day. At one point it was 2,500 patients a day. You know, it felt like things were gonna move quickly and, but, you know, hindsight, you know, is 20/20. If we had to do it again, I would wait until I see something from the FDA that says you're officially authorized, and then the delay should be the company not getting the drug out fast enough, not that the FDA took the 9 months away, and the company lost a lot of money in that process.
Great. Thank you. I'll hop back in the line.
Thank you.
Our next question will come from Leland Gershell with Oppenheimer. You may now go ahead.
Hey, Rohan here, speaking on behalf of Leland Gershell. Just a couple of questions from me. Could you update us on some of the ongoing discussions with European and ex-U.S. authorities on ongoing sabizabulin reviews? Have there been any communications around the confirmatory Phase III trial and if that might satisfy their request for additional data? Secondly, do you have a sense for what kind of spend will be needed to fund the additional ARDS studies, particularly the influenza trial? Thank you.
Right now we have some. You know, as soon as the FDA made the decision that they were gonna decline the Emergency Use Authorization at this time, you know, all the agencies talk. There's no question this, these agencies talk across the world. But they all came back with sort of different, a different kind of take on it. For example, the Article 18 with the European Union, the EMA, they took the position that they cannot issue a negative opinion, I mean, 'cause we've got data, I mean.
What they said instead was, "If you can provide us with additional clinical information, it doesn't necessarily have to be a Phase III clinical study, although the Phase III clinical study certainly would suffice, they would be willing to review that as a way forward to get to a positive opinion. We have to meet with them, find out what kinds of data they want, short of a Phase III. If the Phase III is done, we feel that will, you know, easily suffice for Europe. You know, the other major group is The Access Group, which, you know, we're still in discussions with them and, but our...
Again, our sense is that we can provide them additional clinical information and certainly if it's the Phase III clinical trial, that that would be appropriate. I think all the agencies know already that we're committing to the Phase III study, and so they know that that's forthcoming. As it relates to, so those are the conversations that we had with them. We do believe that the confirmatory Phase III study that the agency has reached agreement with the company, all the elements of that study would suffice not only for U.S. if we're successful, but outside the U.S. as well. All that's still in flux and, you know, decisions haven't been made.
It's just literally we're on hold or in suspension until we provide more data. As it relates to spend for the Phase III confirmatory COVID-19 study, it will cost us roughly $16 million to get to the 204 patients that we need for the first interim look. That's a number to think about. For influenza, that's for COVID-19 and that will get us into 2024. $16 million is the incremental increase that we would need for the clinical development program to get us to that number, which will open up ARDS. As it relates to influenza, the planned study, we're not planning to start that study until we've secured funding and we're comfortable.
For example, one of the things that we're doing now, and it turns out that again, influenza is a big deal. Influenza, you know, killed almost the same number of patients as COVID did in the last 6 months when influenza was, you know, came back with a vengeance after being gone, you know, low numbers in the last year. We are actively talking to BARDA. As you know, BARDA had recently received $5 billion in funding. Their interest is ARDS, their interest is influenza. We have developed a nice relationship with BARDA through our interactions with them with COVID. We plan to continue to use that as a potential pathway to get non-dilutive dollars that we can support the influenza study.
For us to take that cash right now makes no sense until we get COVID-19 over the finish line.
Thanks much.
Thank you.
Again, if you have a question, please press star then one. Our next question will come from Brandon Folkes with Cantor Fitzgerald. You may now go ahead.
Hi. Thanks for taking my questions, and thank you for all the color. Can you just perhaps dive a little bit deeper and elaborate on some of these assumptions that go into the statement of being able to fund the company for the next 12 months? Any additional details you can provide on the stock purchase agreement? You know, just is that something that can be used pretty quickly and heavily in the near term? Similarly, you know, I heard sort of your prior commentary on the cost of the COVID-19 trial. How much more can OpEx come down and how quickly? Similarly, how quickly do you expect the FC2 investments to have an impact? Just any color on the cash burn in the next few quarters would be helpful.
Yeah. I'm gonna have Michele comment in a moment as well. I'll give you from a high level the stock purchase agreement as I understand it. As you know, we had one with Aspire Capital over the last, I don't know, 5 years or so, and we sparingly used it. It was always there when we needed it, you know, additional cash to, you know, keep things moving if we could not get non-dilutive cash. Our goal was always to get non-dilutive cash, and that's why we're active in partnership discussions. We're active with trying to get BARDA to provide money, and we're active in investing in our FC2 efforts because the FC2 efforts will allow us to gain non-dilutive cash.
Finally, we sold ENTADFI for $20 million, which all of that will come in the same time period that we're running the COVID-19 clinical study and the ENABLAR-2 study to clinical data. The gap, you know, the gap that we need to make up depends on what FC2 does, but the goal is to have readily available funding in the event that we need it. The stock purchase agreement basically means at Veru's sole discretion, we can ask Lincoln Park Capital, who's agreed to buy up to $100 million of Veru stock over the next 3 years. So it's very different than an ATM.
An ATM means that you have to go to the, you know, the bank and the market has to be. It's basically a market-driven transaction, and you have to have the market has to be ready to accept that stock or you can't do the deal. With a purchase agreement like this, it's not based on market conditions at all. It's based on, you know, you have a price that's agreed to and they have to buy it at that price. The goal is for the fund to hold on to this stock and not put the stock back into circulation, so it doesn't put pressure on the stock.
It doesn't help either parties if you put pressure on the stock. That's my sort of layman's non-financial expert thinking behind it. Michele can correct me, but it worked out very nicely because it doesn't put pressure on the stock. As it relates to FC2 investment, as soon as we got the declination from the FDA, we realized that we need to, again, refocus on FC2. We had some headwinds with some of our major customers, and we saw that happening over the last couple of quarters.
The good news is that we have identified and have moved, moving forward in getting additional telemedicine partners that we'll announce over time that will come in and fill the gap or fill in the void that we now have with telemedicine prescriptions from The Pill Club and another partner that also faced headwinds. You know, again, this is, you know, independent of us. This is what they did and, but it's our customers. So we feel that's gonna be very important. Also we're getting real data, and I encourage you to look at the FC2 site.
We're getting real data to show that and this is very consistent with the Google market analytics that we conducted 2-3 years ago, that when women are offered FC2, about half the women want to try it, and about 60%-70% will continue to get FC2. The reason that's important is because, you know, FC2, as Michele Greco said, you know, by driving awareness, it's a blue ocean. It is a non-hormonal birth control method that women can be empowered to use. Also, as you saw recently, syphilis has become another major epidemic and you can't get protection from STIs with birth control pills or IUDs or anything of that sort.
You have to use a barrier technique, and women are just not waiting for the man to put a condom on. They're taking control. We think we tapped into something very interesting, and we're starting to see the numbers grow. You know, it could easily fill our gap for next year, easily. You know, stay tuned. The investment is paying off. The reason we know that is we get real-time data, so we know exactly how much we're spending. We know exactly how much we're spending per prescription. We know exactly you know, when patients you know, wanna continue to use the product. We've just expanded pharmacy fulfillment to 50 states in all 50 states. You know, pharmacy world is state-based, so you can't just... It's not a U.S. thing.
It's U.S. and states. If you don't have, in some cases, bricks and mortar or a agreement in each of the states and you're not licensed, you can't fulfill. We solved that problem and we're working with Medicaid to make sure, again, women have a choice, women have access, which is all part of the Affordable Care Act. We're heavily invested in it. Also with FC2, we're finding that the U.S. public sector drives awareness. Finally, the global public sector has come back. COVID-19 had put quite a wrench in worldwide sales of FC2 and it kind of, you know, resources are being diverted towards vaccines and that kind of stuff.
It feels like it's kind of moving the other direction now, beyond vaccines. As, you know, we mentioned the South African tender, we're supplying-Brazil is getting ready for a major tender that we'll compete for, and we're still the major brand for FC2. FC2 has been the major brand internationally, and in the U.S., we're the only approved FDA product. I think, you know, if we can get back to where we were just even a year and a half ago, or even a year ago, you know, that having, you know, resources at that level, will easily cover our clinical burn, clinical trials burn. Michele, do you wanna add anything to that?
Yes. I would just like to comment a little bit about OpEx and the use of cash. You know, last quarter, we did talk about the fact that, you know, we were cutting back on expenses. We were still waiting for the FDA. You know, all signs had been pointing to an EUA approval. You know, we did not pull the plug on all of our commercialization efforts, you know, until the last minute when the FDA formally said, you know, "No." One of the things that we had started to do was work with our vendors and push out some of our payment dates. You know, we're still seeing that, and that you're seeing that in our cash burn.
We've pushed out payments related to building up the drug supply that the FDA said we needed to have on hand. You know, the same thing as we terminated all the vendors related to the commercialization efforts. You know, we had payments due with them. We worked on pushing those payments out as well. You know, our spend, our cash burn has been a lot higher now. It's gonna start to come back down, you know, in our next quarter. It's not going all the way down to the level it was a year ago, but it's gonna get much closer. It's gonna at least go down by half of what we just saw, if not a little bit more.
As Mitch indicated, you know, until we have the cash in place for the confirmatory trial, we're not gonna be going ahead with it. Just to give you a little bit of color on our OpEx and our cash spend.
Thank you. That's very helpful. 1 follow-up, if I may. On that Phase III confirmatory trial design for COVID-19, is that designed to meet the NDA standard or the EUA standard here in the US? Similarly, ex-US, should we think about continuing to pursue EUA equivalence or full approvals post that Phase III confirmatory trial? Thank you.
It's a great question. To answer that question, the idea is that this trial. The FDA also agrees and is guiding us towards this, is that. The quote that I used in my prepared comments was then we would have two well-controlled studies. If you have two well-controlled studies, successful studies, then the FDA views that as the standard for an NDA. We are setting ourselves up in the U.S. to do the EUA and NDA together. You say, "Well, Mitch, why would you do that?" Well, the NDA takes time and even a Fast Track designation, you get a six-month review.
In an EUA, they can go much quicker and get you to market. The standard that we're going to hit with a successful trial is going to be an NDA standard, we should be able to easily blow away an EUA standard. The EUA standard lets you get on the market in weeks, whereas an NDA gets you on the market in, you know, six months plus. We think from a timing standpoint, if the EUA is still available, which we would apply for that, and simultaneously we apply for the NDA. Ex-US is kind of the same way. You know, because the full approval takes longer, we would take advantage of the shorter route but also have the longer route in play as well. It's still the same way to think of it.
No, we're not gonna be just an EUA standard. You know, with this trial behind us, when it's completed, it would be an NDA standard.
Great. Thank you very much. I appreciate all the color.
Okay.
Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes our question and answer session. I would like to turn the conference call over back to Dr. Mitchell Steiner for any closing remarks.
Thank you. I appreciate everybody who joined our call today. I look forward to updating you all on our progress on our next investors call. Thank you for being with us today.
The digital replay of the conference call will be available beginning approximately 12:00 P.M. Eastern Time today, May 11, by dialing 1-877-344-7529 in the U.S., and 1-412-317-0088 internationally. You will be prompted to enter the replay access code, which will be 1592419. Please record your name and company when joining. The conference call has now concluded. Thank you for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect.