Good afternoon, and welcome to the Werner Enterprises' fourth quarter and full year 2021 earnings conference call. All participants will be in a listen-only mode. Should you need assistance, please signal a conference specialist by pressing the star key followed by zero. After today's presentation, there will be an opportunity to ask questions. To ask a question, you may press star then one on your Touch-Tone phone. To withdraw your question, please press star then two. I would now like to turn the conference over to John Steele, Werner's CFO. Please go ahead.
Earlier this afternoon, we issued our earnings release with fourth quarter and full year 2021 results. The release, along with the slide presentation, are available at the company's website at werner.com. Today's webcast is being recorded and will be available for replay beginning later this evening. Before we begin, please direct your attention to the disclosure statement on slide 2 of the presentation, as well as the disclaimers in our earnings release related to forward-looking statements.
Today's remarks contain forward-looking statements that may involve risks, uncertainties, and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially. Additionally, the company reports results using non-GAAP measures, which it believes provide additional information for investors to help facilitate the comparison of past and present performance.
A reconciliation to the most directly comparable GAAP measures is included in the tables attached to the earnings release and in the appendix of the slide presentation. I'd now like to turn the conference over to Derek Leathers, Chairman, President, and CEO. Please go ahead, Derek.
Thank you, and good afternoon, everyone. 2021 marked another year of strong performance and financial results. We adapted to new and changing developments throughout the year in a market with robust demand and limited supply. I'm extremely proud of our entire Werner team for their resourcefulness, determination, persistence, and creativity. We safely delivered superior service and solutions to Werner customers. I'm also pleased to report that Werner delivered record fourth quarter earnings, our sixth consecutive record-setting quarter.
Once again, we achieved record annual earnings. During 2021, the domestic freight economy strengthened. Increased consumer spending led to depleted inventories. COVID issues persisted, supply chains became stressed, and labor challenges escalated. This led to a very competitive driver market and increased cost pressure in driver recruiting, development, and retention. New truck and trailer production slowed. Truckload capacity became constrained, and used truck and trailer pricing increased to record levels.
Despite the significant driver headwinds, our strategic investment in sourcing, pay, and driver amenities enabled us to expand our driver base and grow our TTS fleet. During fourth quarter, we added 120 trucks, and for the year, we added 510. To proactively address the challenging driver market, we're actively leveraging the strength of our industry-leading driver training school network.
During fourth quarter, we added 2 strategically located schools for a total of 6 added this past year. At year-end, we had 19 school locations, and during this quarter, 3 more schools will be added. During 2021, our driver hires increased by 17%. Werner is uniquely positioned to achieve strong financial results going forward. We will benefit from our attractive freight base with winning customers and the stability and consistent performance of our driver-preferred dedicated fleets that perform well in all freight markets.
Werner also possesses several other attractive businesses, including our industry-leading Cross-border Mexico franchise, engineered freight lanes in one-way truckload, our recent acquisitions of ECM Transport Group and NEHDS Logistics, and our comprehensive and growing capacity solutions in Werner Logistics. Moving to slide 4, here's an updated snapshot of Werner.
Our TTS truck fleet grew 7% during the past year to a total of 8,340 trucks, ending with a fleet mix of 63% dedicated and 37% one-way truckload. Werner continues to maintain a consumer-centric freight network with over three-quarters of our annual revenues in retail and food and beverage. Nearly half our revenues are with our top 10 customers, and nearly 80% come from our top 50. Werner has longstanding and growing relationships with customers that are winning in their industry.
Let's move to slide 5 for a summary of our fourth quarter and 2021 financial performance. For the quarter, revenues increased 23% to $765 million. Adjusted EPS grew 27% to $1.13. Adjusted operating income rose 22% to $101 million, while our TTS adjusted operating margin, net of fuel, remained a strong 18.2%. For the year, revenues rose 15% to $2.7 billion.
Adjusted EPS increased 33% to $3.45, and we expanded our full-year TTS adjusted operating margin by 190 basis points to 15.9. Dedicated Freight demand remained robust in fourth quarter as our winning customers continued to generate strong sales in discount retail, home improvement, and food and beverage.
In fourth quarter, Dedicated average trucks grew 7% year-over-year and increased 3% sequentially from third quarter. Bid activity with new and existing customers remained strong. Dedicated average trucks in fourth quarter grew by 353 trucks year-over-year, and we expect similar fleet growth in 2022. One-Way truckload freight demand also remained strong in fourth quarter.
We expect our One-Way truckload fleet to grow slightly this year. In fourth quarter, Werner Logistics produced another strong quarter of accelerating growth in revenues and operating income. In a capacity-challenged peak season, Logistics provided enhanced capacity solutions for our brokerage, intermodal, and Final Mile customers. Logistics actively managed several peak projects for key customers throughout the quarter.
During this year, we expect Werner Logistics to achieve continued revenue and operating income growth. We received fewer new trucks and trailers than planned in fourth quarter due to OEM new truck and trailer production delays. We expect this trend will continue for the industry during at least the first half of this year. Consistent with our fourth quarter guidance, we sold one-third fewer trucks and one-half fewer trailers.
Used truck and trailer pricing strengthened again to new record levels, resulting in higher gains on sales than anticipated. At the same time, reduced new truck availability is increasing the percentage of our trucks not covered by chassis warranties, which is increasing our truck maintenance expenses. In late November, we closed on the acquisition of NEHDS Logistics, a leading and growing final mile provider that delivers home furniture and appliances to residential and commercial customers in the Northeast and Midwest.
We are pleased to retain the experienced NEHDS leadership team and their associates. We've combined our final mile business in Werner Logistics with NEHDS as Werner Final Mile. To date, integration activities are going very well, and we are confident that Werner Final Mile will generate over $100 million of revenues this year and be accretive to our earnings. I would like to take this opportunity to welcome the elite team of NEHDS Final Mile professionals to Werner. Now, I'd like to turn the call over to John to discuss our fourth quarter and full year financial results in more detail. John?
Thank you, Derek, and good afternoon. Beginning on slide 7, total fourth quarter revenues increased from $145 million- $765 million due to TTS fleet growth, higher rates, and growth in logistics. TTS revenues per truck per week increased 5.5% year-over-year and nearly 4% sequentially from third quarter. Adjusted operating income increased over $18 million or 22% on top of 30% adjusted operating income growth in the same quarter a year ago.
Logistics achieved another strong quarter with 42% revenues growth and over $9 million of operating income growth. Adjusted earnings per share in fourth quarter was $1.13, up 27% year-over-year on top of the 33% adjusted earnings per share growth we achieved in fourth quarter a year ago. Moving to slide 8, here are our full year comparative results.
In 2021, we stepped up our revenue growth by $362 million, an increase of 15%. Over the same period, we expanded our adjusted operating margin by 140 basis points, resulting in 31% adjusted operating income growth and 33% adjusted earnings per share growth. Both TTS and Logistics made significant contributions to our improved performance.
Beginning on slide 9, here are results for our truckload transportation services segment. In fourth quarter, TTS revenues increased 19% to $563 million due to average TTS truck growth of 6.7%, revenue per truck growth of 5.5%, and higher fuel surcharges. Adjusted operating income grew 13% to $90 million. TTS produced an adjusted operating ratio of 81.8%. Turning to TTS fleet metrics on slide 10.
For the fourth quarter, dedicated revenues net of fuel increased 13%. Average trucks increased by 7% year-over-year. Revenues per truck per week increased 5.2%, which was ahead of our expectations and was 490 basis points higher than the increase in third quarter. One-way truckload revenues net of fuel increased 12% in fourth quarter to $197 million. Average trucks increased 6%.
Revenues per truck per week also increased 6% due to a 19.2% increase in revenues per total mile. Driver pay rose in fourth quarter due to driver pay per mile increases, incentive recruiting bonuses, and minimum pay guarantees. Our fourth quarter TTS driver pay per company mile increased 22% year-over-year. Insurance and claims expense increased $3 million year-over-year in fourth quarter and increased slightly compared to third quarter.
Moving to Werner Logistics on slide 11. In fourth quarter, Logistics revenues grew by $55 million to $185 million. Excluding Werner Global Logistics, which we sold in first quarter, Logistics revenues grew 58%. Truckload Logistics revenues increased 58%, driven by a 29% increase in revenues per shipment and a 23% increase in shipments. Power-only and project business continued to generate strong revenue growth.
Intermodal revenues grew 37%, supported by a 35% increase in revenues per shipment and a 1% increase in shipments. Intermodal shipment increases were limited by a decline in rail velocity, chassis shortages, and increased dwell time throughout the rail and customer networks. Werner Logistics produced a $9.1 million improvement in operating income to $11.7 million due to enhanced revenue growth and margin expansion.
Logistics provided needed capacity for our customers during peak season with creative project and power-only solutions. Our Logistics operating margin improved a strong 430 basis points to 6.3%. Final Mile produced $9 million of revenue growth with the NEHDS acquisition in effect for 6 weeks of the quarter. NEHDS was accretive to adjusted earnings per share in fourth quarter.
On slide 12 is a summary of our cash flow from operations, net capital expenditures, and free cash flow over the past 5 years. Expanded operating margins and less variable net CapEx resulted in higher free cash flow during the last 4 years. We expect to continue to generate meaningful free cash flow going forward. On slide 13 is a summary of our disciplined strategy for capital allocation.
Our first priority for capital continues to be reinvesting in our fleet. With feature-rich trucks and trailers with the latest safety, driver-friendly, and fuel-efficient capabilities. We see intrinsic value in our stock based on our long-term growth expectations. We purchased over 1 million shares in fourth quarter. We are committed to maintaining a strong and flexible financial position. Our long-term leverage goal is a net debt to annual EBITDA ratio of 0.5x to 1x . During fourth quarter, with the acquisition of NEHDS and stock repurchases, we ended the year with a net debt to EBITDA ratio of 0.6x . I'll now turn the final portion of our remarks back to Derek. Derek?
Thank you, John. Moving to slide 15. The Five T's plus S strategy serves as our North Star, guiding us in all aspects of our business. During fourth quarter, the age of our newer truck and trailer fleet increased slightly, as it has become more challenging to receive new trucks and trailers in recent months. We've been limiting the number of trucks and trailers we sell to enable us to meet our capacity commitments to our customers. During fourth quarter, we made good progress expanding our driver school network by 2 more locations, bringing our total to 19. Our schools are performing well and are producing highly trained graduates, many of whom we hire to join Werner.
These drivers are able to further develop their skills with certified and experienced Werner leader drivers, and the investments in our school network enabled us to organically grow our fleet the last two quarters in a very difficult and competitive driver market. Two weeks ago, the American Trucking Associations completed a rigorous selection process and named 22 elite professional drivers to be captains for America's Road Team for the next two years.
I'm pleased that three of these industry captains drive for Werner. Thank you, Gina, Jesus, and Eric, for being outstanding Werner leaders and role models for safety and service. Our commitment to innovation and investment in technology led to an expanded rollout of MasterMind Transportation System to most of our logistics offices in fourth quarter.
We also successfully converted our driver payroll and human capital management systems to Workday in January, and there were multiple updates to our growing ESG program during the quarter. On slide 16 are those ESG developments. In fourth quarter, we established a standalone ESG committee of our board of directors. We also participated in a commitment to opportunity, diversity, and equity assessment, focusing on inclusion, perspective, and company culture.
We also committed to purchase 10 additional battery electric trucks and a battery diesel hybrid. We were proud to again be recognized with the 2021 SmartWay Excellence Award, the highest award level given by the EPA. Werner has won this award the last five years and eight of the last nine. Next, on slide 17, I would like to spend a moment revisiting our durable business model.
Here is a history of our annual TTS adjusted operating margin percentage net of fuel since 2008. Over the last five years, while we successfully implemented our Five T's plus S strategy and we grew our dedicated fleet, we achieved meaningful TTS operating margin improvement. In our third quarter earnings presentation, we raised our TTS annual adjusted operating margin net of fuel goal from a range of 10%-16% to a range of 12%-17%.
Our carefully constructed and optimized fleet mix is designed to generate strong adjusted TTS operating margin performance in good freight markets, like the 15.9% margin we achieved this past year. At some point in the future, the freight trends will change and the market will become more challenging.
Yet we are increasingly confident we will perform well in a softer freight market due to our growing and resilient dedicated fleet, which is now 63% of TTS. We also have strengthened and diversified our one-way truckload fleet with emphasis on Mexico cross-border, expedited, engineered lanes, temperature controlled, and short-haul regional. You can look to 2019 as a bellwether of our financial performance in a softer freight market. 2018 was a strong freight market, and in 2019, industry freight shipments and rates in the one-way markets declined.
The strength of Werner's execution with our large, dedicated, and diversified one-way fleets produced only a small decline in operating margin in 2019. In that difficult year, we achieved year-over-year growth in adjusted earnings per share. During the decade ending in 2020, the size of our truck fleet increased slightly.
Going forward, we will have more of an eye to both top and bottom-line growth. Revenue growth creates opportunities for our customers, associates, and shareholders. Let me be frank, this is not an or, this is an and proposition. We are not de-emphasizing our operating margin. We expect improved top-line growth with a strong operating margin.
Over the last five years, we generated average annual revenue growth net of fuel of 6%. This includes two double-digit years of revenue growth in 2018 and 2021. Over that same five-year period, we achieved an adjusted TTS operating margin of 13%. We recently completed a rigorous process to develop our comprehensive five-year plan. Over the next five years, it is our goal to achieve annual average revenue growth of 10%.
Over the five-year period, we also expect to achieve an average TTS adjusted operating margin net of fuel of at least the midpoint of our long-term guidance range of 12%-17%. This takes into consideration an expectation that there will be a variety of freight markets during this five-year timeframe. Now let's move to slide 18 and a review of our performance versus our 2021 guidance metrics, as well as our outlook with our 2022 guidance.
During fourth quarter, we increased our truck count by 120 trucks sequentially, ahead of expectations. Our trucks increased by 510 for the year. For 2022, we expect our fleet to increase from 2%-5% with the majority of the fleet growth in dedicated. Net capital expenditures last year were $193 million.
Based on our expectations for new trucks and trailer purchases this year, we anticipate a net CapEx range of $275 million-$325 million. This guidance is subject to the timing of delivery of new trucks and trailers this year. Dedicated revenue per truck per week increased 5.2% in fourth quarter, up 490 basis points from the third quarter. For this year, we expect our Dedicated revenue per truck per week to grow in the 3%-5% range.
One-Way truckload revenues per total mile for the fourth quarter increased 19.2%, slightly above the top end of our guidance range. For the first half of 2022, we expect our One-Way truckload revenues per total mile to increase in a range of 16%-19% over the same period last year.
So far, in the first 5 weeks of 2022, freight demand trends in our one-way truckload unit remain strong. Our income tax rate in fourth quarter was slightly lower than expected at 23% due to a few discrete items. For 2022, we are reaffirming our effective tax rate of 24.5%-25.5%, and we expect the average age of our truck and trailer fleet at year-end to be 2.2 and 4.8 years, respectively. We are no longer providing guidance for gains on sales of equipment as there are simply too many variables affecting the number of trucks and trailers we can sell, as well as the used equipment pricing. We anticipate a continued strong freight market this year.
A tight labor market and a rapidly growing economy are contributing to increased cost inflation, and we expect higher freight rates in 2022. Recent elevated COVID case counts from Omicron are a near-term temporary headwind for truck productivity and fleet growth. The last two years have presented numerous unexpected challenges and opportunities. Werner remains well positioned with a superior team and an active talent pipeline that we believe will continue to yield strong and sustainable results. At this time, I'd like to turn the call over to our operator to begin our Q&A.
We will now begin the question and answer session. To ask a question, you may press star then one on your touch tone phone. If you are using a speaker phone, please pick up your handset before pressing the keys. To withdraw your question, please press star then two. To allow for as many callers as possible to ask questions, we ask that callers limit their questions to one question and one follow-up. This call will end at 5 P.M. Central Time following the company's closing remarks. At this time, we will pause momentarily to assemble the roster. Our first question comes from Todd Fowler of KeyBanc Capital Markets. Please go ahead.
Great. Thanks, and good evening. Derek, just to start, maybe to spend a little bit more time on the focus on the 10% annual revenue growth. Can you give us a sense, are you thinking about that as being predominantly organic? Are you thinking about acquisitions in there? And then how do you think about, you know, mix of dedicated one-way truckload in the context of growing the top line at that rate?
Yeah, sure, Todd. Great question, and thanks for calling in. First off, you know, the last 5 years, we were pretty transparent about the focus on the fundamentals. The whole 5 T's and an S strategy was all about getting the foundation in order, getting a return to excellence from a margin perspective, making sure that our operating teams were executing at the highest of levels and putting safety and service above all else. That's a journey. It's a marathon, not a sprint, and we've worked hard to get to where we are today. That's led to the 6 consecutive quarters of EPS setting new EPS records, et cetera.
As we look forward, you know, the time is come that we need to have the and proposition I talked about in the script, which is both, focusing on top and bottom line growth and not losing any focus at all on our attention to detail relative to the bottom line execution, both for our customers and our shareholders, but with a little more eye towards the need to grow along with it. We are gonna be more revenue driven than maybe you've seen historically out of us. It is predominantly organic, almost exclusive. Let me say it this way. We believe there's a path for us to get there and consistently achieve those results purely from an organic perspective. I'm not gonna rule out the ability to do M&A as part of it.
There will be times and places whereas you do certain bolt-on, you know, opportunistic acquisitions that are additive to the portfolio and accretive to results, that does shift some focus in a particular quarter or two. There could be some blend. The predominance of the 10% is in terms of the takeaway from this call would be we have an organic path to getting to those types of numbers over that horizon and averaging that 10% number over the five-year period.
Got it. Okay. No, Derek, that's helpful, and that makes a lot of sense. Just for my follow-up, I'm not sure how granular you want to be on this, but as I think about the TTS margins here this year and kind of the range that you've laid out, you know, what's your sense on your ability to improve upon that into 2022? And if you don't want to give specific margin targets or guidances, are there some things that you can maybe help us think about, that could impact the margins as we move into 2022? Thanks.
Sure. As we think about 2022, we are certainly optimistic as we look out right now and as we have conversations with customers and talk about the kind of quality service that we provide. We think it sets up and presents the opportunity for us to achieve the necessary rate increases to help offset the inherent cost pressures that we spoke about during the opening remarks. We are going to be faced with cost pressures in this industry and in most every industry.
We believe that through increased focus on the costs that are controllable to help offset some of those costs that are simply facing the type of inflationary pressure, as well as looking for our customers to help invest with us so we can continue to provide them the kind of quality service that they expect, that there is some opportunity in 2022 to at least hold serve, if not expand slightly margins on the TTS portion. We will, of course, be growing in logistics as well in 2022, and you've seen some outpaced growth on that side of the portfolio, and that's expected to continue as we go forward, not necessarily at the percentage rate that you've seen in recent quarters, but at an outpaced rate compared to that growth that you might see in TTS.
Yeah. Okay. Got it. All right. Thanks for the time, Derek. Thanks, John.
Thank you.
The next question comes from Ravi Shanker of Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead.
Thanks. Good evening. Derek and John, if I can just kind of follow up on that question, the 10%, sorry if I missed this, but did you break that down into price versus volume kind of driving that? Like, if you are targeting growth and volume growth in excess of GDP, kind of where is that coming from? Is it share gain? Is it converting other modes? Do you think trucking naturally kind of gains share as the economy grows? Some color there would be helpful.
Yeah. Obviously, there's hours of conversation that goes into the number and hard to answer in a 1-minute soundbite. Well, let me start with this. Truck growth makes up a little over half of what we believe where that growth comes from. Organic truck growth, I should say. Logistics will continue to grow at an outpaced level compared to TTS growth over the same period. Those two things added, and then added to that would be price. Price will play a role in it, and we have not assumed five years of stable freight conditions. Our assumptions are that there will be some ups and downs in the freight market over that five-year period, and I'd rather not get more granular than that.
The outcome of all of the above is that 10% growth. Again, predominantly, if not exclusively, organically relative to the 10, so the upside would be where we find opportunistic acquisitions to add on to that as well.
Got it. That's really helpful. For my follow-up, just your target for 2022 on final mile was really helpful. What do you think the near-term outlook kind of, you know, 2022 or 2023 of that business looks like? I mean, there's a lot of debate as to what some of the heavy appliance type end market looks like post-pandemic and some mean reversion there. Do you feel like that's a market that's potentially due for a slowdown before resuming long-term growth?
Well, I think there's two different issues there, Ravi. There's the what happens industry-wide and then what happens on a secular basis with Werner and the product we're putting into the market. What we see relative to our runway is with our customers who are growing and having great success is an underserved need in the big and bulky final mile marketplace. You know, we're not an all things to all people provider in that space. We're going to focus heavily on that big and bulky application. In that world, with our customer base, we believe the runway is pretty clean as we look forward. There's a lot of opportunity. There's other competitors out there that do a fine job, but nobody has fully solved this whole final mile dilemma.
Even with some cooling in the rate of growth in that final mile environment, there's plenty of share gain as well as even in a cooling market, there's still net growth of demand in final mile. We're very optimistic about it, I should say.
Ravi, I'd add one thing. The existing business for final mile has a greater emphasis on furniture than appliances. Going forward, the prospects for both furniture and appliances with our existing customer base are very strong.
Very helpful. Thank you.
Thank you.
The next question comes from Scott Group of Wolfe Research. Please go ahead.
Hey, thanks. Good afternoon, guys.
Afternoon, Scott.
I want to start on the buyback. It's two quarters in a row of $50 million a quarter. Do you think this becomes a new sort of normalized run rate? Maybe is there any chance to accelerate it even more just given that you're still at the low end of the leverage target?
Sure. Great question. But look, I'm not going to be, you know. I'd rather stay away from trying to guide on where we're at on it. I'll just give you our mindset as to where we've been and why. You know, as we think about a market that is continuously over the last several quarters, and frankly, even all the way back to 2020, kind of pre-called the cycle turn, in our mind at least, and knowing what we knew about our customer base and what they were doing, it was our belief that our stock was and is undervalued and has been underappreciated for its improved performance. As long as that stays the case, we're going to continue to stay interested in share buyback.
You know, at some point, if the resilient nature of our portfolio, if the defensive, high service, kind of structure of our dedicated model is better appreciated, you know, that will certainly weigh into our decision as to when and how much we would buy back. I think the better way to think about it, Scott, is that we're willing and able to do so when we think the time is right, just like we've shown a propensity in 2021 to be willing and able to acquire assets that we think make us better, both in the form of ECM and in the case with NEHDS.
Okay. On the modeling side, when I look at the pricing guidance, the comps naturally start getting a little tougher in second quarter. Do you think you could be at the high end or maybe even above the high end of that pricing guidance to start the year in 1Q?
Well, you know, we're a month into the quarter when, as this call is taking place, we're pretty dialed in on where we believe we'll be. You know, I'd remind you that it's a One-Way truckload guidance metric as it relates to price. In that scenario, we feel like that's the right range. We're certainly going to ask to be paid what we think it's worth, and what we think the product we're putting forth is worth. We'll keep our eyes on spot. I'd remind you that spot is such a small portion of what we do. I mean, we stayed committed even in the fourth quarter with our core customers.
To the extent you saw margin expansion or not margin, but the rate expansion outside of the range, it was really just our ability to step up and do more on behalf of our customers during their peak season. Right now, the start within and it's early in the bid season gives us the confidence to put these kind of numbers up. We'll continue to, you know, work at it and chip away at it every day with our customers.
Thank you, guys.
Thank you.
The next question comes from Jack Atkins of Stephens. Please go ahead.
Okay, great. Good evening. Thanks for taking my questions. I guess-
Good evening, Jack.
Derek, I'd love to get your thoughts on the driver market. You know, what's recruiting like? Has it gotten maybe a bit better at the margin here over the last several months? Then you've got, you know, 19 driver schools, I think at your end, adding several more here early in 2022. To what degree is that giving you a competitive advantage as you're thinking about strategically growing your fleet throughout 2022 and beyond?
Yes, great question. I appreciate it. The driver's market tough, and I don't think that's going to change. I mean, it's an ongoing demographic uphill challenge that we face over the next several years, and we mean in the industry. Within that challenge, I clearly believe that our driver school network is a competitive advantage, and that's why we've continued to expand that model. We still do hire from high-quality schools around the country, as well as we do a lot more hiring than people realize of experienced drivers in the marketplace that come to Werner to find a home. Yes, we've added these schools. These are much more targeted schools.
I'd think about these as sort of strategic rifle shot type locations that are being put up or stood up for very specific regional needs and with a line of sight to what our pipeline looks like a quarter, 2 quarters, 3 quarters out relative to dedicated and other customer opportunities. It isn't like we're going to add them, you know, indefinitely, and we're not trying to get to any specific number. As we have found greater and greater success with some of these smaller locations targeted for very specific customer needs, we'll continue to do so as long as that model continues to perform. So far it's performing very well.
Okay. That's great to hear. I guess for my follow-up question, you know, you referenced MasterMind being rolled out to I think most of your logistics branches, I think you said by at the end of the year. Could you maybe update us on what the next steps are, whether it's with Mastery, with MasterMind, or just your digital journey more broadly within logistics and sort of how that plays into, you know, you thinking about your broader top-line growth opportunities over the next several years?
Yes. First off, you know, our partnership with Mastery is sort of the foundational or backbone, if you will, the platform, tech to which we will hook all of our in-house developments to. When it comes to, like, how we think about optimizing our network, how we think about planning and developing more engineered routes in the future, how we work across logistics to do better and better load matching, there's all kinds of things we're focusing our internal efforts on developing so that that portion of the secret sauce, if you will, stays and remains exactly that. It's our approach to the market that we believe will differentiate us over time.
Logistics was the natural jumping-off point, and within that, it was actually brokerage even more so, because that was a little more ready for prime time early in this migration. This is a three, you know, probably four-year type total journey by the time it's completely complete, and we have all of our systems more integrated. The focus, as I mentioned today, is on brokerage and the full rollout, as well as the full tie-in with all of our internal optimization tools. As we go forward, we'll continue to focus across our portfolio, rolling in, you know, Dedicated and One-Way at future dates, and most importantly, connecting all three of the above in a way that's better connected than what it is today.
It's hard to get too granular because we have several phases to this integration, as well as we, you know, we're always going to be nimble, depending on, as the market develops, and we'll make moves where appropriate. This is going to be a multi-year journey, but a lot of it is happening concurrently, and we do have work underway all the time, even with recent acquisitions as an example, to make sure that we're building once, not building something that will then be replaced by some future system as we try to bring them on and integrate them.
Okay, that's great. Thank you.
Thank you.
The next question comes from Jason Seidl of Cowen. Please go ahead.
Thank you, operator. Derek, John, team, good afternoon. Wanted to focus a little bit on pricing and looking out towards 2023 as stuff rolls over. My question is, once we get past June, how much of your business will be repriced in the first half of this year? And then are you seeing contracts lengthen out beyond one year? We are starting to hear that from some other people in the market.
Good questions. To answer the first part of the question, you know, roughly 60%, perhaps a little more than that, but about 60% of our business will be priced or repriced, if you will, in the first half of this year. As it relates to multi-year contracts, we on the dedicated side, which is the majority of our fleet, those have always been multi-year contracts with a variety-
Right
Of annual renewal and, or, you know, rate kickers included. Some are negotiated rates on an annual basis, some are indexed rates and there's really a mix of all of the above, and that mix is something we pay very close attention to. On the One-Way side, we have also entered into select situations with very high quality, you know, think of kind of the best of the best, if you will, from a customer base perspective, some multi-year arrangements. Those also have annual rate language in them. In those cases, those are more often indexed to a variety of things that we've worked very, very judiciously on to make sure that we're both we and the customer have sort of mutual protections as this market evolves.
We think that gives us better stability for what then remains, which is that more ad hoc annual rate renewal type world that we're always so focused on. It gives that stability allows us to be even more laser-focused on what we'll retain year-over-year, what we're looking to grow and with whom year-over-year, and how we're going to deploy these scarce assets because I don't see a line of sight toward capacity suddenly coming online and on a macro level, and even here, if you were to look forward to our 2022 guidance. I mean, we're guiding to a fairly low number of 2%-5%, and that's a day in, day out kind of hand fight to be able to attract, train, and retain the best drivers.
It's a little bit of all of the above with a heavy focus on driver retention, driving being a leading indicator of our ability to be where we'll fall in that range.
No, that really helps, Derek. I want to now just focus to try to better understand your outperformance here in 4Q. John, I think you said in TTS that the revenue per truck per week was above your expectations. I sort of want to dig into why. Was it some of the specialty work that you mentioned that you did in the quarter?
Yes. We worked real hard after third quarter in getting our mileage to improve, addressing some of the issues, part shortages, challenges that we faced, and we did make progress. Revenue per truck per week in Dedicated was up 0.3 in third quarter and up 5.2 in fourth quarter. We made some really good progress, particularly in Dedicated, but also made progress in One-Way in improving our productivity. We made good progress in improving our TTS margin. It improved 420 basis points from 14.0% to 8.2% from third to fourth quarter. That was a combination of improved productivity, improved pricing, better cost management in an inflationary environment. We're pleased with the progress we're making and think that sets us up well for 2022.
Appreciate the time as always, gentlemen.
Thank you.
Thanks, Jason.
The next question comes from Jeff Kauffman of Vertical Research. Please go ahead.
Thank you very much, and congratulations.
Thank you.
I want to ask a little bit about the power-only solutions. That seems to be something we're seeing more of across the industry, and some people are mixing it in with the truckload, some people are putting it into the logistics and the brokers. Could you give us an idea for how big that business is, whether you want to use revenue or whether you want to use, say, number of trailers or something like that are out there, just relative to, say, where it was a year ago so we can get an idea of how that business has grown for you?
Well, I'll probably steer clear of how big it is in total, because that would just be yet another breakout that we'd be giving, and I already feel like we're pretty transparent on how much information we give. What I will tell you is we've seen, you know, significant growth in power-only over the last year. It's something we've been doing for several years and had really kind of kept it in the background on purpose and intentionally, as it related to something we viewed as a competitive advantage as we were trying to vet that out and expand it faster. With that said, in the last year, we've seen exponential type growth in power only, both in Dedicated and in One-Way.
We have a unique mix of everything from power-only brokerage, where it's truly a brokerage environment where we're matching them up with transactional freight to power-only operating within our dedicated fleets, and then power-only, obviously operating like others in their One-Way network. It resides in multiple places. What we know for sure is across all of the above, customers like and appreciate the scale advantages of a large national fleet of trailers. We're going to continue to lean into that. You've seen our trailer ratios increase. You've seen our trailer sales decrease. That's intentional. We understand that it represents more depreciation on the P&L, but it's an investment in a product that we think will only grow in its significance as we look forward.
Okay, Derek, thank you. I guess the simple answer is it just complicates our analysis a little because it's not located in just one place. Yet, to your point, it's in Dedicated, it's in One-Way, and it's in brokerage. Okay. That's my question. Thank you.
Yes. I do apologize for it being complicated, but it's we wanna put it where the customers need it and where we think it's most profitable.
Thank you.
The next question comes from Jon Chappell of Evercore ISI. Please go ahead.
Thank you. Good afternoon. Derek, I think Jason asked this. I'm not sure it was addressed directly. Obviously, dedicated is pretty long in duration and, you know, spot's known as being kind of much shorter term. Is there kind of a third tier developing, just given some of the elevated demand and the capacity constraints where you're doing one-way business that may be longer in duration, you know, maybe a little bit more visibility on pricing just because of the service you provide, the network you have, and the fact that customers wanna lock in capacity with one site?
Yeah. I think, Jon, that's a fair way of thinking about it. I would say using your verbiage of tiers, I mean, there's really kind of four tiers, right? There's the spot that's overly focused on and overly everybody gets overly animated about. We do very little of that. Less than 5% of total miles in our fleet are really that. There's the traditional One-Way annual renewal type business that's a lot more secure and stable than spot, but nonetheless does renew annually. There's dedicated, which would be the longest end of the spectrum, which is multiyear with annual rate, you know, mitigation factors.
Now there's a growing trend, at least in our business, for very select, and I wanna be emphatic about this, but very select opportunities with key winning customers to kind of partner over a longer term horizon. These were months, and in some one case in particular, over a year in the making. They weren't based on any particular point in the cycle. They are strategic decisions we are taking with folks that we think align with us long term, that we believe give us stability through the cycle, and most importantly, allow us to build around their successful model and thus dedicate more resources towards the analysis and negotiations and transactional nature of what's left over. Yes, it is evolving.
Yeah. My follow-up is somewhat related to that. I mean, the range you gave on truck growth, 2%-5%, I imagine the majority of that will be in dedicated. But as far as the demand is concerned, would it be fair to assume that, you know, if you had the drivers and if you had the OEMs able to meet your demand, that would be at the high end, if not higher than that range because the pipeline's so strong? Or are you starting to see a little bit of slowing in the demand for dedicated at this point of the cycle?
No, I'll start with this. The pipeline is very strong. The pipeline is very robust, and we are very optimistic about what that means for our ability to grow. Yes, you're right. The majority of that growth would be in dedicated. I'm not as sure about the second part in terms of, you know, if drivers were readily available and if trucks were easy to get, then I suspect the durability of some of those opportunities wouldn't be as great. You know, it's hard to play in a, you know, a hypothetical world right now. What I know is drivers are very hard to get, and trucks are even tougher. In that world, with the pipeline we have, we're gonna push and do everything we can to be at the high end of the range.
If those two dynamics were suddenly different, we'd be cautious about growth at that point, at least as it relates to asset-only growth. We'd still be bullish, obviously, on growing logistics. We have to react to the market depending on where we're at at any given time, but right now, I think the crux of your question is what's the overall freight environment like? The answer is very strong. What's the outlook for that freight environment through 2022? We believe that that outlook is also strong. Then what does that dedicated pipeline look like? I would say it's as full today as it has been on the last several quarters, and we're equally optimistic about our ability to add trucks in that space. Although it's just increasingly difficult on the driver and OEM side of the equation.
Okay. That's super helpful. Thanks for the insights, Derek.
Thank you.
The next question comes from Ken Hoexter of Bank of America. Please go ahead.
Hey. Great. Good afternoon, Derek and John. Appreciate the details and great discussion on growth. Maybe just dig into that to follow up on your last thought there on your outlook. If rates at dedicated you mentioned at 5.2, that's kinda at the top end of your 3-5 range, and revenue per load mile is at 19%, the top end of your range. Are you then? I mean, it doesn't sound like you're seeing softening, but are you suggesting that we're now at the peak? Is this as good as it gets, and you're seeing from here on in it it's gonna start decelerating? I just wanna understand your thought on kinda capping the targets at the levels we're at.
Let me start on the dedicated side. Don't misread the 3%-5% compared to fourth quarter over fourth quarter at 5.2 to mean that the rate negotiations or rate activity with those customers is decelerating. What it really means is we're continuing the trend we talked about last quarter, which is 16 of our last 20 dedicated accounts that we've added have been shorter haul in nature with both lower expenses and lower revenue per truck per week because they simply run less miles. I think that trend continues over time. As people forward deploy more and more inventory, as they continue to raise the bar on their expectations for service, there's more and more opportunity for these shorter haul dedicated fleets.
You could see some muting of your revenue per truck per week number that does not necessarily reflect a decreased margin or decrease in op income potential. It just simply means that truck runs a little less miles because of the nature of the work that it's in. Right now, again, the market's as strong as it was. It's continuing to look as strong as we look out into the pipeline. Dedicated has a long tail, so when we talk about pipelines and dedicated, we have a multi-quarter look at forward look because they take multiple quarters to close. It's not like it's getting skinnier further out in that pipeline.
We've got to continue to sift through those opportunities, make sure they align with our long-term objectives and with the type of customers that we believe will continue to win in their space. We'll land, you know, a relatively small percentage by choice, by design of those opportunities that we think fit the criteria we're looking for. On One-Way truckload, it has more to do with just, you know, comps will get tougher on price as you continue to get deeper into the year. Right now, we're guiding to the first quarter, which shows sustained momentum, if you will, of what we've been seeing, and that's reflective of a sustained strong freight market.
Perfect. I mean, the follow-up would be, you posted an 81 and change operating ratio at truck this year and last year in the fourth quarter. I don't want to sound ungrateful for the solid level because it's amazing that you know to get to low 80s, but it is flat despite 13% ex-fuel revenue growth. Would you have expected to get ahead of that, you know, improve given that revenue growth? Or is it, hey, labor and cost inflation, it's just so tough to stay ahead of that with the rate gains that you're putting in? You know, kind of give your thoughts on what you would have expected looking back at that kind of revenue growth.
Well, I think the first answer, and I'm not trying to evade the crux of the question, but the first thing I have to remind you of is Q3 was a heavily disrupted quarter, and we were very vocal about what was happening within our network from a combination of things, startups that were significant in nature and highly costly in their makeup, parts and OEM shortages that were disruptive in our network and our ability to produce miles, and the list kind of went on from there. We indicated that we had a line of sight to correct it and to get back on course, and we did that.
When I think about Q4 this year versus Q4 last year and the level of disruption going on right now in Q4, and yet the ability to put up the 81.8 OR, to be frank, I'm probably more proud of this one than I am of what we did a year ago. I understand the concern about why not better, but given the nature of the underlying disruptive forces within our network, the team's ability to rally around their execution philosophies and their focus on the details, you know, really was impressive in the quarter, and I'm proud of them.
They also did all of the above while having the necessary distractions of performing another acquisition in the quarter, and all of the work and focus that does go into that. Overall, I think it's a very solid quarter. We're going to always push, Ken, to do better. As we have this conversation a year from now, we'll do everything in our power to not have to repeat a flat conversation, but we'll be equally unapologetic about an 81.8.
Yeah. Can I just get a quick understanding there? You mentioned the dedicated backlog. Is that not something we can ever kind of forecast or see. It just depends on what the scale it hits in that quarter, right? It's not like there's, you know, you know, a sizable ramp that impacts it more.
No, it's more driven, Ken, by the makeup of the actual fleet. It would be so difficult to even attempt an answer that would do anything other than further confuse. There are dedicated fleets, just as an example, that could be 10:1 trailer ratios, and the amount of work and effort and start-up costs associated with a fleet of that type, especially depending on where that geography might exist, could be significant. You'd have all kinds of temporary headwinds as you ramp that particular fleet. There are other ones that are power-only dedicated fleets to begin with. They're truck-only dedicated fleets in which you can get in and engage and ramp up very, very quickly. There's a robust pipeline coming down the path at us.
It's a, it's the type of mix we're looking for, and our sales team has done an incredible job of staying true to the mission, if you will, that we've given them. Our job it will be to just make sure that everything's rated appropriately for its level of complexity. Every once in a while, like we saw in Q3, you just have the worst of all timing, where all of the costs reside in a quarter and none of the opportunity. We've got through that knothole, and we've performed in Q4 on a more normalized basis. That's kind of what you see in the results.
Ken, I would add, just back it up with the numbers and the stats. In Dedicated, from first quarter to second quarter, we added 15 dedicated trucks on average. Second quarter to third quarter, increased by 100. Third quarter to fourth quarter increased by 175. You saw a ramping up of dedicated growth, and that was some of the startups that we were referring to.
Really appreciate the time and insight. Thanks, guys. Have a great evening.
Yeah, thank you.
The next question comes from Chris Wetherbee of Citigroup. Please go ahead.
Hey, thanks for taking the call. I guess I wanted to pick up a little bit on the cost side. Again, don't wanna nitpick too much here, but I'm trying to look through some of the very elevated gains that you guys realized on sales in 2021 and get a sense of sort of what the core profitability of the truck business is and maybe where sort of the costs are kind of running. Obviously, the third quarter was a challenge and somewhat of an anomaly, as you talked about. It still sounds like there's disruption going on in 4Q. We saw sort of core EBIT down, margin down on a year-over-year basis.
I guess when we look out to 2022, and then maybe even thinking longer term, I know you don't wanna guide gains 'cause it's obviously extraordinarily volatile. Can you give us some help directionally to see sort of when we can start to get that margin expansion maybe on a core ex-gain basis? I think you guys have built in some costs that are likely to unwind a bit as we go into next year. Just wanna understand the cadence of that a little better.
Hi, Chris. This is John. Good question. Let me start off with we consider the fleet truck sales and fleet trailer sales side of our business to be a core part of what we do. We've been in the business for 30 years. We have an excellent team, and they executed pretty well in fourth quarter when you think about the fact that we sold one-third fewer trucks and one-half fewer trailers and generated an increase in gains. Our gains have gone from $11 million in first quarter to $13 million in second quarter to $15 million in third quarter to $21 million in fourth quarter. There's been an acceleration. I would say that's because of better pricing more so than unit sales. We consider gains to be the core part of our business.
On the cost side, I would agree completely that it's a more inflationary environment. It's very, very competitive for labor, both on the driver side and on the non-driver side of the business. Benefit costs are higher for both health insurance and work comp this year than they were a year ago. We've also made some investments in our school network to be able to bring on more schools with more instructors, hire more placement drivers out of the schools to join our network, and that has increased our cost structure. We think that we're in a good place based on the school development. We have one more significant quarter to go with schools to be added in first quarter.
We are very optimistic about the opportunity to continue to improve margins in 2022 going forward based on the runway we have right now.
Okay. That's helpful. I appreciate that color. Obviously understanding the gains are gonna be part of the story going forward as well. I guess, do you have a number that you guys contemplate when you think about the 12%-17% long-term target range? What's embedded in that over a multi-year period of time?
What's embedded in terms of what percent comes from gains?
Yeah.
I don't have a number off the top of my head. I can tell you that that gain number fluctuates year to year in that five-year plan based on our best estimate of what we think happens within the market, taking into account everything from EPA changes to two back-to-back years of less than replacement level, followed eventually someday by a year where there will probably be a glut of manufacturing. All of that type of stuff has been built into it. In terms of a percent average over the course, no. I can tell you it does fluctuate greatly year to year, or not year to year, but it does fluctuate through the five-year period, just like many other line items do as well. It is contemplated.
Chris, we've had gains for the last 20 years, every year. I think the last year we had losses on equipment sales goes back to the early 2000s.
Got it. That's very helpful. I appreciate the color. Thank you.
Thank you.
The next question comes from Brandon Oglenski of Barclays. Please go ahead.
Hey, good afternoon, everyone, and thanks for taking the question. I guess, Derek or John, you know, just given where truckload valuations are right now in equity markets, you know, there's a lot of, I guess, uncertainty with investors that these levels of earnings and margins are sustainable. Derek, I really appreciate, you know, the focus here on moving forward and staying in that range. I guess, what can you tell us about, you know, how are you managing the inevitable turn in the cycle when things get a little bit more difficult, you know, capacity is more abundant? Should we expect the same type of contraction we've seen in the past from your company?
First off, how are we managing it? I mean, it's really on a preponderance of what we focus on right now is the ongoing build-out and strategy of what I consider to be the most resilient portfolio in trucking. If you think about what we've been working on, communicating, speaking about and really trying to message, it's that our portfolio is different. We are predominantly dedicated and increasing in that ratio all the time. We're continuing to further engineer the One-Way portion of our network and focusing on franchises within it that we think we're best in class. Cross-border Mexico, Team Expedited, Engineered Fleets, and now with the addition of ECM and then the expansion of those concepts into engineered regional short haul.
All of the above continues to place us in a position that when it turns, and we believe that is further off than most folks probably on this call, but when it turns, our model is built for that. In terms of what should we expect and will it be as bad as it was last time, I would call back or call your attention to the 2018 and 2019 cycle where you could see in most every portfolio around after we came off a very strong, robust year in trucking, followed by a less stellar freight market and demand environment. Our EPS actually went up by 1% in that time frame. Now I'm not predicting that our EPS every year, regardless of how bad the cycle gets, will go up.
What I'm saying is it's remarkably more defensive than it's ever been, and even in prior cycles, it's performed better than most, if not all, as it relates to how far that fall goes. Fourth quarter, which is pertinent since that's the call we're on, again, these results were achieved without a heavy involvement in the spot market, and instead it was a heavy focus on our core customers. We worked with them on what their needs were. We met them where they were, and they were willing to invest with us as appropriate to make sure their products were on the shelf. Arguably, I've spent most of the last five years trying to change or focus a culture around a more resilient portfolio.
While it's not complete and never will be, I think we're better positioned right now than we've ever been.
Thank you, Derek. I'll leave it there.
All right. Thank you.
This concludes our question and answer session. I would like to turn the conference back over to Mr. Derek Leathers for any closing remarks.
Yeah. Thank you. Well, once again, I just want to thank everybody for spending time with us this afternoon. We appreciate sincerely your interest in the Werner story. We're really proud of the record results in the fourth quarter, but I'm more excited about the foundation it provides for 2022. Our portfolio continues to improve in service, safety, and capabilities while achieving improved financial results. As we move into 2022 and beyond, we are focused on building upon the great brand we have today and growing both top and bottom line results for all of our stakeholders. While we may never change the perception of this being a cyclical industry, here at Werner, we have built a portfolio with incredible resiliency.
Our alignment with winning customers, combined with our focus on strategic, dedicated relationships in a fast and growing logistics segment, positions us well to prosper in coming years through any economic or other adverse cycle that we may face. Lastly, I'd like to close with another sincere thank you to the men and women of Werner that have made 2021 possible, and a thank you in advance for all of you that I know in all that you will achieve in 2022.
The conference is now concluded. Thank you for attending today's presentation, and you may now disconnect.