Good afternoon, and welcome to the Werner Enterprises second quarter 2021 earnings conference call. Earlier this afternoon, the company issued an earnings release for its second quarter 2021 results and posted a slide presentation. These materials are available at the company's website at werner.com. Today's webcast is being recorded and will be available for replay beginning later this evening. Before we begin, please direct your attention to the disclosure statement on slide two of the presentation, as well as the disclaimers in our earnings release related to forward-looking statements.
Today's remarks may contain forward-looking statements that may involve risks, uncertainties, and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially. Additionally, the company reports results using non-GAAP measures, which it believes provide additional information for investors to help facilitate the comparison of past and present performance. A reconciliation to the most directly comparable GAAP measures is included in the table attached to the earnings release in the appendix of the slide presentation. I would now like to turn the conference over to Mr. Derek Leathers, Chairman, President, and CEO. Please go ahead, sir.
Thank you. Good afternoon, everyone. With me today is our CFO, John Steele. I'm pleased to report that Werner delivered record earnings in second quarter, which was achieved through outstanding execution in a robust freight market with unprecedented driver and capacity challenges. The Werner team worked tirelessly and creatively to provide our customers with best-in-class solutions and superior on-time performance. We continue to expect strong freight demand through the rest of this year and well into 2022. Retail inventories require significant replenishing, which will take time and bodes well for retail freight demand going forward. Strong sales combined with persistent supply challenges resulted in the retail inventory to sales ratio setting another new 30-year low this quarter. At the same time, the driver shortage is as severe as I've ever seen. Traditional industry headwinds remain, including aging demographics and recruiting for the trucking life.
Werner is well-positioned to thrive in this business environment as a result of our consumer-oriented freight base, driver-preferred dedicated fleets, industry-leading cross-border Mexico business, engineered lanes in our One-Way Truckload segment, and our comprehensive capacity solutions within Werner Logistics. Just after quarter end, we added 500 trucks and skilled professional drivers to the Werner family by acquiring 80% of the regional truckload carriers of the ECM Transport Group. Slide four provides an updated snapshot of Werner to include the addition of the ECM acquisition, which we completed on July 1st. ECM adds 500 trucks and 2,000 trailers to our combined One-Way Truckload fleet and provides us with a short-haul regional fleet presence to serve customers in the Mid-Atlantic, Ohio, and Northeast geographic markets. ECM has strong safety and service performance, an outstanding leadership team, and highly skilled drivers with extremely low driver turnover.
After the acquisition, Werner continues to have a consumer-centric freight base with over 70% of revenues in retail and food and beverage. Nearly half our revenues are with our top 10 customers and almost 80% from our top 50. Werner and ECM have longstanding and growing relationships with successful companies. Let's move to slide five for a summary of our second quarter financial performance. For the quarter, revenues increased 14% to $650 million. Adjusted EPS grew 40% to $0.86 per share. Adjusted operating income increased 37% to $79.1 million, while our TTS adjusted operating margin net of fuel grew 340 basis points to 17.1%. We generated margin expansion from higher revenues per total mile, continued strong safety performance, effective expense management despite continued cost inflation, and improved gains on sales of trucks and trailers due to much better than anticipated pricing and strong sales execution.
Dedicated freight demand remained strong in second quarter as our largest dedicated customers in discount retail, home improvement, and beverage continued to generate robust sales. Our dedicated team once again executed well in second quarter. One-Way Truckload freight demand was also strong. The rapidly growing economy, combined with several factors limiting industry capacity, resulted in excellent second-quarter freight market conditions, and our One-Way Truckload team performed well. We made further strides in our Logistics segment in the quarter, stepping up our growth in both revenues and operating income. Despite much higher capacity costs, which impacted our gross margin percentage for our contract business, improved pricing and operational efficiency led to better logistics results. The driver recruiting and retention markets became more challenging in the second quarter. High-quality drivers are increasingly harder to find and retain, with intense competition from other carriers and industries that are labor-constrained.
To address driver turnover, we implemented additional selective compensation increases. Our TTS company driver pay per mile increased nearly 11% year-over-year. We continue to deploy innovative strategies to strengthen our driver positioning, which I will discuss in a few minutes. In second quarter, Werner Fleet Sales capitalized on a significantly improving pricing market for our premium used trucks and trailers by realizing substantially higher average gains per truck and trailer and achieved equipment gains of $13.5 million. Fleet sales are a core part of our business for the last 30 years, and our Werner Fleet Sales team performed well in the quarter as well. In first quarter, we made a strategic minority equity investment in TuSimple, an autonomous technology company.
TuSimple completed its IPO in April and experienced stock price appreciation through June. We recognized a $20.2 million unrealized gain on our investment, or $0.22 a share, which increased our non-operating income in second quarter 2021. We reduced our second quarter GAAP EPS for this item in our adjusted EPS reconciliation. In future quarters, we will mark to market this investment based on the change in TuSimple's stock price. We ended the quarter with 7,645 trucks in TTS, five fewer than last year and 90 fewer sequentially. The extremely difficult driver recruiting market prevented us from achieving our goal of organically growing our fleet during second quarter. At quarter end, 66% of our TTS truck fleet was in dedicated, and 34% was in One-Way Truckload. Following the ECM acquisition, our dedicated and One-Way Truckload fleet percentages changed to 62% and 38%, respectively.
At this point, I'll turn the call over to John to discuss our second quarter financial results in more detail. John?
Thank you, Derek, and good afternoon. Beginning on slide seven, total second quarter revenues increased $81 million- $650 million, or +14%. Our TTS revenues per truck per week increased 6.7% due to a low double-digit percentage improvement in revenues per total mile, offset by a mid-single-digit decline in miles per truck caused by a greater mix of shorter length of haul dedicated versus One-Way Truckload and fewer team drivers. Logistics continued to strengthen, growing revenues by 29%. Adjusted operating income grew 37% based on 33% growth in TTS, 25% growth in logistics, and improved financial performance from our driver training school network. Adjusted earnings per share were $0.86, up 40% year-over-year. Beginning on slide eight, let's review results for our Truckload Transportation Services segment.
In second quarter, TTS revenues increased 10% on higher revenues per mile, lower miles per truck, and 1% fewer average trucks. Adjusted operating income was $74.4 million, or a 33% increase, driven by a 340 basis point expansion in our adjusted operating margin net of fuel. Our adjusted operating ratio continued to show strong improvement with an 82.9% OR. Turning to TTS fleet metrics on Slide nine. For dedicated, we grew trucking revenues net of fuel by 10% to $262 million. Dedicated average trucks increased 7%, and revenues per truck per week increased 2.4%. Dedicated rates increased above our guidance range of 3%-5%, and miles per truck were lower due to fleet mix changes. Our dedicated customer pipeline remains strong. One-Way Truckload revenues net of fuel decreased 1% to $166 million. Average trucks decreased 14% due to trucks that moved into dedicated and the challenging driver market.
Revenues per truck per week increased 14.8% as a result of higher revenues per total mile, which grew 16.7%. This was partially offset by a miles per truck decrease of 1.7% due to fewer team drivers. Like others, we anticipate ongoing inflationary pressure for our main costs, specifically fuel, driver wages, and driver sourcing. We will continue to drive operational excellence initiatives to gain greater efficiency and address cost issues, including working with our suppliers and attempting to recover these costs from customers wherever possible. Moving to Werner Logistics on slide 10. In second quarter, logistics revenues of $142 million grew 29%. Adjusting for the sale of Werner Global Logistics in the prior quarter, total logistics revenues grew 52%. Truckload logistics revenues increased 49%, driven by a 37% increase in revenues per shipment and a 10% increase in shipments.
Power only and project business continued to generate strong revenue growth, more than doubling from second quarter a year ago. Intermodal revenues grew 52%, supported by a 17% increase in revenues per shipment and a 30% increase in shipments. Our logistics gross margin percentage decreased 350 basis points year-over-year due to the much higher cost of truckload capacity for contractual brokerage and intermodal shipments. To address the increase in cost of truck capacity, we reduced our contractual truckload logistics shipments from 58%- 48%. Also, intermodal dwell time increased at customer and rail locations during second quarter, which impacted profitability. As we move forward, we expect to see continued performance improvement from Werner Logistics through revenue growth and margin expansion. On slide 11 is a summary of cash flow from operations, net capital expenditures, and our growing free cash flow over the past five years.
Expanded operating margins and less variable net CapEx resulted in higher free cash flow during the last four years. We expect to generate continued meaningful free cash flow going forward. For 2021, we continue to expect net CapEx to be comparable to the last two years in a range of $275 million-$300 million. This guidance range assumes we maintain our new truck and trailer fleet, and we continue to invest in Werner EDGE, the innovation arm of Werner, by building out our technology platform with solutions that are more advanced, more productive, and with enhanced safety and security. Our net CapEx guidance assumes no significant delays in delivery of new trucks and trailers in the second half.
On slide 12 is a summary of our disciplined strategy for capital allocation. The first priority is reinvestment in our new fleet, with feature-rich trucks and trailers with the latest safety, driver-friendly, and fuel-efficient capabilities. Earlier this month, we opened our second new terminal facility of 2021. This terminal is strategically located in Lehigh Valley, Pennsylvania, and replaces a smaller leased facility. We are making meaningful and sustainable progress enhancing Werner EDGE, our technology initiative and platform. During the quarter, we raised our quarterly dividend by 20%. In prior quarters, we said we would consider strategic acquisitions that are additive and accretive. Just after quarter end, we were excited to announce the acquisition of the elite regional truckload carriers of the ECM Transport Group. ECM operates with industry-leading operating margins, and its accomplished and experienced leadership team remains in place as a standalone business unit.
We will leverage our collective strengths and generate synergies to serve our existing and new customers at even higher levels. We are committed to maintaining a strong and flexible financial position. Our long-term leverage goal is a net debt to annual EBITDA ratio of 1.5: 1 turn. We added a $100 million fixed-rate loan on June 30 at an interest rate of 1.3% to partially fund the ECM acquisition the following day. Since the acquisition did not occur until the beginning of the third quarter, our net debt to EBITDA ratio was 0.2 x at quarter end and increased to a pro forma 0.4 x the following day. On slide 13 is a summary of the benefits of the ECM acquisition. ECM strategically expands our operations in the Mid-Atlantic, Ohio, and Northeast regions by adding eight terminals and 18 drop yards to our footprint, as shown on the map.
Our companies share similar cultures based on the highest standards of safety and on-time service, and the combination will boost our fleet size by nearly 7%. The integration is going smoothly, and the transaction is expected to be accretive to adjusted EPS in year one. I'll now turn the final portion of our prepared remarks back to Darek. Darek?
Thank you, John. Over the past five years, we implemented structural and sustainable upgrades to our TTS segment with a modern, safer, and more efficient fleet, raised our hiring and retention standards for high-quality, safe, professional drivers, and delivered on our commitment to best-in-class customer service. Our trucks and trailers continue to have young average fleet ages of two and 4.1 years, respectively. Every Werner truck is equipped with advanced Collision Mitigation safety systems, industry-leading emissions and fuel mileage technology, Automated Manual Transmissions, Forward-Facing Cameras, and an untethered tablet-based telematic solution. The driver market is very competitive and dynamic. In addition to implementing attractive and competitive driver pay increases, we are expanding and leveraging the strategic advantage of our industry-leading driver training school network. This year, we have grown our locations from 13 to 16 and have three more planned openings for 2021 and an additional three in 2022.
Our goal is to achieve a total of 22 strategic driver training school locations by the end of March 2022. We also took another strategic action to achieve our fleet growth goal. Similar to our IT software strategy of buying rather than building when it makes sense, our ECM truckload acquisition enabled us to acquire 500 trucks and over 500 highly skilled regional drivers who have daily home time. In addition to attractive driver compensation, Werner strives to be the truckload employer of choice by providing a modern truck and trailer fleet with the latest safety equipment and technology, a wide variety of driving positions, including daily and weekly home time opportunities, and an industry-leading driver training program. Despite the tight driver recruiting market, we are maintaining our stringent hiring standards, and we remain focused on attracting and retaining the best professional drivers.
This year, we opened two new flagship terminals in Lake City, Florida and Lehigh Valley, Pennsylvania. Our strength in terminal network is an integral part of our ability to attract and retain the best drivers and minimize fleet downtime for maintenance issues. On the technology front, we continue to execute on our cloud-first, cloud-now strategy by developing innovative products and combining them with third-party SaaS solutions to work in ways that provide competitive advantages. For example, Werner rolled out new technology to streamline our connectivity with existing and new preferred maintenance vendors. This allows us to optimize costs for our over-the-road maintenance program, as well as decrease truck maintenance downtime to keep our trucks and drivers rolling. With this new technology, we accomplished a 67% reduction in call time and a 52% reduction in driver dwell time for each maintenance event.
We also rolled out a new simplified equipment warranty recovery process that is projected to realize an additional 25%-30% savings in warranty dollars by the end of this year. Werner Logistics recently launched our Carrier's EDGE digital freight platform. This provides our carriers with a self-service portal that enables them to view and book loads in real time. For our drivers, we launched our Drive Werner Pro mobile app, which offers enhanced features to improve our drivers' lives on the road. We continue to modernize and update our core IT systems with SaaS applications. One exciting second-quarter milestone is that we are 100% migrated to a cloud-based EDI solution that easily connects and provides more accurate and timely information to our shippers and carriers.
We are committed to the modernization of our financial and accounting systems with the selection of Workday Finance, which dovetails with our existing Workday HRM platform. We were also thrilled to roll out MasterMind, our new transportation management software platform with Mastery. We began testing with our logistics teams, this is the first of many incremental rollouts. This is the first step on our four-year strategy to have our truckload and logistics systems on one combined SaaS platform with the same but enhanced secret sauce features and applications that make Werner successful. We will continue to provide status updates as we progress. Last year, we added sustainability as a key element of our strategy. On slide 16, I'm excited to announce that we published our inaugural corporate social responsibility report this week with a significant amount of new information and specific ES G goals.
Some important actions we've taken that I'd like to highlight because they demonstrate our commitment to becoming an ESG leader in our industry are, in November, we formally and publicly launched our ESG program, including adding sustainability as a strategic pillar, and as we embed sustainability organization-wide into our business decisions. In March, we hired an associate vice president of sustainability. In January, we created a new position and appointed an associate vice president of diversity, inclusion, and learning. We are now a signatory of the UN Global Compact and have aligned with specific sustainability development goals that most support Werner values, our strategy, and aspirations. The specific SDGs are Good Health and Well-being, Decent Work and Economic Growth, Reduced Inequalities, and Climate Action. This week, we published our inaugural CSR report, which was a milestone we outlined back in November.
You can find the report on our website at werner.com. We adopted the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board, or SASB, disclosure framework. We have formally branded our sustainability program as Werner Blue, and we will be working to develop a more comprehensive strategy, and we'll communicate our progress. I'm proud of our team for all the hard work that went into our progress over the past eight months and achieving these important ESG journey milestones. It's a great foundation on which to build, and we will keep building from here. Next, on slide 17, are the new ESG goals and milestones that we announced earlier this week. For environmental, we will disclose Scope 1 and Scope 2 greenhouse gas emissions by 2025. We will double our intermodal usage by 2030, and we will reaffirm our aggressive goal to achieve a 55% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2035.
For social, we are creating an advancement and retention plan to increase and elevate women and diverse talent in our management team pipeline. We are instituting an employee volunteer hours program by 2022, and we will add greater impact to the communities we serve by doubling the volunteer hours of our successful Werner Blue Brigade program by 2025. We are also doubling training hours devoted to human trafficking awareness. For governance, by next year, we will establish a standalone ESG committee for our board of directors. We will establish a task force of leaders, associates, and board members to further the goals of our Werner Blue ESG strategy. While we are still in the early stages of the positive impact we will have, I'm inspired by the excitement and engagement of our associates and drivers. Like everything we do at Werner, we are committed to leading by example.
Moving to slide 18 and a review of our 2021 guidance framework, how we are progressing against that guidance, and updates to our outlook. During the second quarter, our truck fleet declined 1%, and we are down 2% year to date due to the extremely challenging driver recruiting market. We believe this challenge will persist, and taking this dynamic into account, we are updating our expectations for the Werner fleet for the remainder of the year. We now expect truck growth for the full year to be in a range of 1%-4%, including the ECM fleet. Pricing in the used truck and trailer sales market was stronger than expected in second quarter, resulting in higher equipment gains of $13.5 million. For third quarter, we expect continued strong pricing with fewer units sold, resulting in expected gains in the range of $9 million-$13 million.
Net capital expenditures were $103 million for the first half of 2021. We continue to expect full year net CapEx in the range of $275 million-$300 million, which will maintain our truck and trailer fleet ages subject to the timing of OEM new truck and trailer deliveries. Dedicated revenue per truck per week increased 2.4% in second quarter due to higher rates, partially offset by lower miles per truck. Dedicated rates in 2Q21 versus 2Q20 were above our guidance range. However, miles per truck were lower due to changes in fleet mix. We continue to expect annual growth of revenue per truck per week in the 3%-5% range, but more likely at the bottom end of the range.
One-Way Truckload revenues per total mile for the second quarter increased 16.7%, which was above our guidance range of 13%-16% as a result of strong execution with our core customers. For the second half, we are now expecting One-Way Truckload revenues per total mile to increase 16%-19% due to higher contract rates and including the favorable impact of the ECM acquisition. Going forward, we will report ECM within our One-Way Truckload results and metrics. In the first four weeks of July, freight demand trends in our One-Way Truckload unit have remained strong. Far, we are about 80% through our annual contract bid season negotiations in One-Way Truckload. Contract rate increases year to date are tracking in the low double-digit percentage range. More recently, contract rate increases have further strengthened to the mid to high double-digit percentage range. Dedicated contract rates are also tracking favorably.
We are reaffirming our effective tax rate assumption of 24.5%-25.5% and average age of our truck fleet of two years, consistent with what we guided to in the beginning of the year. Werner remains well-positioned with a superior team and an active talent pipeline that will continue to yield strong and sustainable results. We continue to believe the runway for freight demand looks very good for 2021 and well into 2022. At this time, I'd like to turn the call over to the operator to begin our Q&A.
Thank you. We will now begin the question and answer session. This call will end at 5:00 P.M. Central Standard Time following the company's closing remarks. Our first question today will come from Ken Hoexter with Bank of America. Please go ahead.
Hey, Derek. Thanks for that. John, thanks for the detailed overview. Good afternoon. I guess we're looking at demand. I want to follow up on that last comment of continuing. I guess, what signs do you look for in terms of that acceleration or continuation? Rail car loads have kind of flattened out. It looks like Amazon had some weak sales data. I'm just trying to gather what we'd look for to see that peak. Looks like your CapEx is going to really accelerate in the second half. I guess, is that more just timing? Those are my two questions. Just one on what you look for in terms of that continued strength and then the CapEx, your confidence on being able to get those trucks in the second half.
Yeah. Ken, thanks for joining us today. Great question. A few things, right? On the demand side, I guess I'll start with the conversations we're having with actual customers about their actual expectations relative to the next six months. It's both a combination of macro data that everybody can see, and it's private data based on conversations we're having with our retailers in particular, where we have a heavy retail base with successful retailers that are sort of having outsized results inside of the overall macro economy. The economy itself is still doing well. Even with the 6.5% GDP growth that was maybe below what some had expected, it's still significant growth. You couple that with inventories to sales ratios that are now at a new 30-year low. There's certainly some replenishment that has to take place.
The last thing I think that might just get overlooked is, where does supply play into all of this? On the supply side, out of those that have publicly reported so far, you've got a net fleet decline of 7%, versus a Werner net decline of 1%. We're holding the line better on our fleet. Not something we're proud of ever being negative, but on a relative basis, certainly sort of winning the battle. My point being, there isn't capacity flooding in or coming into the market. OEM production schedules have been negatively impacted and continue to be as we look forward. I think it's the combination of supply and demand that makes us bullish on the back half. As it relates to CapEx, yeah, some of it is just timing. It's as simple as that.
When things are received versus maybe when we originally expected to get them. We have seen some delays, both on truck and trailer. The truck side's done better than the trailer side, clearly. We know as we think through the back half that based on what we now expect, that we will end up somewhere in that range. It's also impacted by our stated remarks in the prepared section around the intent to sell less equipment in the back half. Two reasons there. One is to provide a hedge for what may continue to be supply chain disruptions in the receipt of our equipment.
Also it's based on our belief that with the additional schools that are coming online with the demand profile of our customer base, that if the opportunity is there to grow that fleet a little bit during peak and better support what is going to be a very supply-constrained market, we're going to do so.
Our next question will come from Scott Group with Wolfe Research. Please go ahead.
Hey, thanks. Afternoon. Maybe can you give us some thoughts on just how to think about the margin progression in the back half of the year? We're at such a great starting level. Can we sort of keep up the normal seasonality, or does that get tougher? Any thoughts or perspective there?
Yeah, I think the seasonality question, Scott, is tougher than really any period I can recall because the moment we say that it may not be normal seasonality, people read into that or react to that in ways that are not intended. The seasonality is affected by the starting point, which I appreciate you pointing that out. We've never really had a second quarter that looked an awful lot like peak to begin with. As you go forward, you won't have normal seasonality simply based on starting in such an oversold environment. Our job and what our expectation is to continue to get creative around capacity creation through brokerage, our intermodal, the ECM acquisition itself, as well as doing a better job of increasing our team count and our seated tractor count in the back half.
If we can get more throughput through the existing infrastructure, then it gives us opportunity to further expand margins. We're about 80% through the contract rates. We talked about that earlier. There's still 20% yet to go, and some of that 80% was only implemented in July, so it's not in the Q2 numbers, but it's now being implemented, and we'll start to see the results of it. We think there's top-line opportunity in the back half, bottom-line opportunity in the back half, both. The normal sequential incremental gains that you might see in prior years will be tougher to come by, not because peak won't be as strong, not because we won't have as robust of a project opportunity, but more because of the strength of the second quarter.
Right. That makes sense. When we think about our model, the ECM, I think, helps the rate per mile. Can you just help us think about the implications, what that means for utilization in the back half of the year?
Sure. I can jump in, Scott. How you doing?
Good. Hey, John.
Hey. On the ECM acquisition, it's about 16% of our One-Way Truckload fleet, that's where it will be reported going forward. Because the length of haul is substantially lower than our existing One-Way fleet, their length of haul is in the mid-200s.
As a result, the miles per truck will be lower. The deadhead percentage will be higher. The revenue per truck per week is pretty comparable to what we are realizing in our one-way fleet. The rate per mile, it will be a help. There's a few percentage points of help that the ECM fleet will give to our percentage increase in one-way truckload rate per mile.
Our next question will come from Jack Atkins with Stephens. Please go ahead.
Great. Good evening. Thank you for taking my questions. I guess, Derek, I don't know if you want to take this or if this is more for John, but I'd be curious if you guys could maybe help us think through the impact that the lower than expected tractor count this year, because of the driver recruiting challenges, the impact that that's having on your efficiency within the TTS segment. I'm just thinking forward to next year. Hopefully we're in a position to see some acceleration on the fleet next year. Is that perhaps a tailwind for margins as we go into 2022? Any thoughts on that would be very helpful.
It's difficult, Jack, to predict all the way out into 2022 at this point with so many unknowns. Clearly, we have a portion of our costs that are fixed in their nature. We've actually added some fixed costs and absorbed those costs despite putting up an 82.9% net of fuel and TTS in the form of new terminals and other investments we're making. We would like to see more throughput through all of that fixed cost infrastructure, truck count is certainly a great way to get there. Utilization is another way. We know there's things working against us on that front relative to congestion of the general motoring public is continuing to pick up.
On the flip side of that, the addition of the schools, the expiration of the additional unemployment benefits, the hopeful expiration over time of some of the cautious feelings around being out over the road during COVID as vaccine rates go up could and should give us an opportunity to, at a minimum, stop the attrition and ideally have some incremental adds as we look in the back half. The caveat to all of that is the production impact of what's happening at the OEM level. At a macro level, I've said starting in Q1 this year that I thought 285,000 builds was about where they would be. At that time, most experts had the number in the 325 or even higher in some cases. I think we won't get to 285 when the dust settles on the year. I really don't.
It's difficult to fight for trucks, fight for drivers, and fight to overcome some of the COVID hesitancy that still exists out there. It's just too early to say that about 2022. In terms of where's our mind share right now in the building, yeah, that's the type of mindset that we have. We want to look to do more for our customers, grow a little bit in the back half if feasible, but with all those stated obstacles I've talked about, and then work to enhance margins through both yield exercises that will be ongoing, I believe, through 2022, that we're going to need to continue to do as well as some of the cost takeouts that we continue to chip away at every day.
Okay. That makes sense. I guess for my follow-up question, Derek, obviously a lot of investments going into the logistics business. I think a lot of the opportunity there is on the come when we think about the payoff from those investments, particularly around your partnership with Mastery and Werner EDGE. How are you thinking strategically about the logistics business as a revenue and profit driver over the next several years? What portion of your revenue do you think that could represent if we were to look out, call it three to five years from now?
Yeah. At a macro level, Jack, I would say that we are certainly looking to be more aggressive with our growth in our Logistics group. At the same time, we want to make sure they're properly tooled with the right systems, right infrastructure, and right processes to be able to handle the growth while enhancing margins. You've seen some, in this recent quarter, the impact of our ability to now start really moving the needle on revenue. I'm actually more interested and more excited about the fact that we're seeing volumes going the right direction and increased volumes taking place with it. That's with a lot of effort that has to be taken away from the day-to-day to work on the strategic relative to the implementation of a new TMS that's really company-wide, but logistics is kind of the tip of the spear of where we're implementing.
As those things, you get through that knothole, two couple of things happen. The expense rate or the investment rate that we're having to make on the front end with little or no productivity gains until you start getting to rollout phases starts to ease a little. The second thing is as we get more comfortable with our ability to utilizing those tools as well as our internally developed kind of secret sauce, if you will, we think we can grow that further. If I look out three to five years, I certainly expect logistics to be a larger percentage of the total. I'm not yet ready to predict exactly how big that would be. All expectations internally are to more aggressively grow that as we look forward.
Our next question will come from Ravi Shanker with Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead.
Great. Thanks, gentlemen. Derek, can you give us some color on the dedicated side of the business in terms of what the pipeline looks like, what customer interest is like? Clearly, at least a couple of quarters ago, there was a lot of momentum in customers trying to shift their dedicated to guaranteed capacity. Are you still seeing that? What's the organic truck count going to look like in the next couple of quarters?
Yes, sure, Ravi. Thank you for the question. First off, I'm going to start with this. I'm extremely excited about what dedicated was able to accomplish in the quarter. If you think about the 2.4% revenue per truck per week number, that's muted to say the least, right? That's not where we want to see a number like that. With it being the predominance of our fleet, with only 2.4% revenue per truck per week gains, we were able to still post a TTS OR of 82.9%. I point that out because it once again proves that even in strong markets, dedicated can perform very well and not act like the anchor that so many people were fearful of. As I look forward, the pipeline in dedicated is as strong today as it's been on any of the prior multiple quarters of calls.
As a matter of fact, those bids already landed that we're looking to source and looking to find drivers and fill open seats is actually greater as of this moment than it was on the prior two calls. The obstacle is that although those jobs are better and are more easy to fill than a One-Way Truckload job, they're still very difficult to fill nonetheless. The battlefront is clearly on the driver, and we must continue to gain traction with how we treat our drivers, how we pay our drivers, and then the tools we give them to equip themselves to do their jobs effectively. We're seeing momentum, so that's the good news. I know I've said it before, but I'll say it again. The additional schools coming online, we're very excited about because we've already seen the impact from those schools we opened earlier in the year.
We think that gives us some lift. We grew 300 trucks + in dedicated year-over-year in the quarter. That's something to be excited about, because in a market that's this tough, it's hard to grow at all. That shows the ability to land fill and then operate profitably those new fleets as they start up. There's a lot to like there, and we're going to continue to lean into it as we go into 2022.
Great. Just want to follow up on the ECM acquisition, when you look at the recent history of TL M&A, in most cases, you see an exodus of drivers, either voluntary or involuntary, from the acquired asset. Clearly, part of the reason you made this acquisition is to get those 500 drivers on board. Are you pretty confident that you can retain them?
Yeah, that's a great question, and I would tell you something I'm probably most happy with thus far as it relates to the ECM acquisition, is that the due diligence and the work and frankly, the very cautious nature of Werner in terms of getting something across the finish line and then deciding that this was the right one, has been proven true thus far. The driver morale, the driver retention has been very strong. Same on the customer front. In fact, I would say at the moment, we feel like we have some momentum with ECM, and conversations we're having are about growth, not retention, or not attrition at all.
We think in the back half, because of the high desirability of the types of jobs they have, home nightly, stable pay, regional repeatable work, that we actually have an opportunity with this acquisition to grow that one-way truckload group. A lot of that growth may end up residing within ECM based on the early returns and conversations we've been having with their leadership, and their fleet directly. Far so good. If anything, a little better than good. We're pretty excited.
Our next question will come from Jonathan Chappell with Evercore. Please go ahead.
Thank you. Derek, just to follow up on the Dedicated, I think maybe John mentioned it. Some of the trucks from One Way were shifted to Dedicated because of the business there. How do you come about making that decision, just given the strength in One Way today? Do you take a long-term view that you want to service a customer and get them on board for a long term and give up some of the torque, so to speak? How do you think about that in the back half of the year? I know you sound more optimistic about the seating trucks, but it's still a pretty decent trade-off between long term and short term.
Yeah. Well, I guess a couple of things, Jon. First off, in our network, the trade-off isn't what some might expect. Both of those divisions operate very well, and we have a model that has been able to produce results in Dedicated that replicate One Way more closely than evidently many others. So we're going to continue to focus on operating that Dedicated fleet as efficiently as we can. As to how we make the decision, obviously, it is going to be based with a little bit longer term view, but the bigger deciding factor is the defensive nature of it. The fact that we think those Dedicated returns can stabilize through the cycle at a premier level, if you compare it to other truckload players out there. It's pretty exciting stuff.
If I can give that driver that level of stability, give the investor community the same level of stability, do so over a multi-year cycle versus just one year, bid to bid. The last piece is back to the driver. Frankly, even if I wanted to keep a truck in One-Way, and that driver's preference is clearly to be in Dedicated, I'm not going to risk losing that driver when I have an opening in Dedicated that fits that driver's needs and provides the return profile that our investors would expect. If that's the case, we're going to do what we can to build a bubble around each and every driver in this fleet because that's how important they are right now.
Got it. That makes sense. I'm glad you brought up the defensive part of it as well. I know it's a big focus of yours, and you just brought it up, how it can still have upside even in the up markets. Maybe some people don't think that way. I know ECM's showing up in One Way. However, just given the length of haul, it sounds like it's a more defensive business as well. As you think about still being levered at 0.4x pro forma, and any other acquisitions you'd look to make in the future, do you look to get out of the traditional long-haul truckload market and get into other businesses that may not be as defensive per se as Dedicated, but a little stickier, a little less cyclical, like what ECM is?
Yeah. In short, the answer would be yes. We're not going to run from long haul, and we have drivers in our fleet and customers in our fleet that are important to us, that are profitable, that make sense in that long haul business. We are always looking across every one of our businesses for more sustainable, defensible, repeatable work. Those are the things that we want to go after. We think the ECM business, if you look at their contracts, their customer relationships, we're talking multi-year, and in many cases, actually multiple decade type relationships. It has proved to be very sticky because what they do is very difficult. If you look at our one-way business, we do a tremendous amount of engineered lanes outside of our one-way business.
We do a tremendous amount of cross-border Mexico, which is also more complex, more difficult, and more defensible. We have a decent component of team expedited that works for very high expectation customers on business that is not for the faint of heart. The business we have the least interest in is that stuff that's in the furthest end of the commoditized spectrum. Yes, there are times when that business is highly fruitful, and we know that and understand that. It comes at a price when the market turns.
Even with this quarter's results that we just talked through, I'm probably most proud of the fact that type of OR result was put forth with only about a 10% exposure to the spot market, and that's in the side of our one-way network, which means our total spot exposure of all miles is well under 5%. We didn't get there that way, and we're not going to get penalized that way when the spot market turns because quite frankly, we have very limited exposure in that space.
Our next question will come from Amit Mehrotra with Deutsche Bank. Please go ahead.
Thanks, operator. Hi, Derek. Hi, John.
Hi, Amit.
The 82.9% OR performance in trucking was obviously very impressive. You kind of answered this, Derek, in the last question, but I was hoping you can deconstruct that for us. What is the level that one-way is performing at versus dedicated? The dedicated business, we've heard from some other trucking companies, has been impacted a bit as the cost inflation has come on faster than the contract repricings. Wondering if you guys saw that at all, and if there's opportunity for a step up in profitability in dedicated as some of those contracts are revisited in light of some of the cost inflation?
Yep. Hi, Amit. This is John. As you know, we don't report dedicated and one-way margins separately, so I'm going to give you a general answer as opposed to a specific one. Margins in both dedicated and one-way were strong that enabled us to achieve that 82.9% OR. We didn't see a deterioration in margins in dedicated as a result of the driver pay market. We have good relationships with our customers, and when the driver challenge is big in a certain geography for a specific customer, we're able to go out and get rate increases to compensate us for the needed driver pay before it happens or as it happens. That has not been a problem for us. The one-way margins obviously improved from last year because of the strength of the freight market, but dedicated has been solid both years.
Yeah, the only thing I would add to that answer is that when you think about our dedicated, I don't want you to have the impression that as our costs go up, we simply tell our customers to pay us more, and they just do it. It's a combination of that. They certainly need to support us because the business is defensible, and our performance warrants it. We also look aggressively at increased creativity to eliminate empty miles, better backhaul fill percentages of each of those dedicated fleets, work with those customers to better optimize what freight they need to ship, when, where, and what mode. All these things come into play, and that's how you retain that business at 96% or north of that in many cases, as it does come up for renewal. It's a collaborative effort.
The outcome, from a profit profile perspective for us, is one that serves us well in very strong markets like this one, and we think serves us even better when and if this market turns, although we don't see it turning in the foreseeable future.
Okay. That's helpful. Just for my follow-up, I fully understand the dynamic of one-way truckload counts coming down. I think we're seeing that across the industry. The magnitude of the decline was pretty significant. I think you'd have to go back to 2016 to see this type of sequential decline in average tractor counts. I was wondering, John, you usually have been pretty helpful in trying to understand the forward outlook for that. I know ECM will add 500 trucks in the back half of the year. If we were to just put that to the side for a second, have we seen the worst of the organic decline in truckload counts? Maybe they continue to go down, but at a lower level in the third quarter. What's the right expectation there?
Well, if you take out ECM from our guidance, as we said at the end of June, we're on the upper end of the range, we're flat, and at the bottom end of the range, we're down about 200 trucks. It really depends on, does the driver market get more difficult from here or not? We're taking steps with the addition of the new driving school locations to counter that and to give us better recruiting numbers for drivers entering the fleet. There's risks of other factors in the marketplace, like the infrastructure bill, for example. If that comes to bear and that starts to change the market conditions, that may make it harder to get drivers than easier to get drivers. It's the most difficult market I've seen for drivers in my career, Amit.
Our next question will come from Bert Subin with Stifel. Please go ahead.
Hey, good afternoon, and thank you for the time. Derek, I appreciate your supply comments, John as well. Have those views changed at all over the last 90 days? Seems like truck deliveries are clearly slipping a little to the right, but that's probably going to be transitory. Drivers, however, aren't getting any easier to find, as you highlighted. That may be more structural in nature. Do you agree with that? Just curious to how you're thinking about this and sort of how it's changed, maybe since earlier in the year.
I would say on the supply side, the only change over the course of the year is it's become more pessimistic, in terms of what's going to happen with supply as the year has progressed. I think the driver market has become worse as the year has played out. We may see some relief, as I mentioned earlier, from the expiration of some of the additional unemployment benefits, although we think that is going to be more impactful for our customers at the loading dock levels and jobs of that nature. We really hope it'll be impactful there because we have seen increased delays at customer locations because of the lack of staffing that exists. That's a problem. On the truck OEM front, yes, transitory is probably a good word for it, but I don't think people realize how long that transitory period might last.
I think we're going to be in a disrupted state through the end of the year, and frankly, all of my opinions at this point would point toward further disruption as we get into the early parts of next year. It's far beyond the chip shortage. It's far more robust of a list of issues than that, and I think it's going to be a tough hole to dig out of. Yeah, I don't see a lot of good news on the horizon, on the capacity front. Again, I think the thing that we're proud of here is on a relative basis, being -1 versus -7 of the public group. If you look at ATA's most recent data, they have large carrier fleet shrinkage of north of 6% and small carrier fleet shrinkage now approaching 4%.
You almost never see through prior cycles, both large and small shrink at the same time. Right now we're seeing that, and that's very unique, and there's no real end in sight that I can see.
Yeah, I appreciate that. Maybe sort of in a similar vein, you mentioned infrastructure. That looks like it could be becoming a little more tangible. From an operator perspective, how do you plan for that? It seems like the effect would be more supply side for you, just on the job competition side, probably less so on the demand side, just based on your exposure. Curious to know maybe how you guys are thinking about that if that becomes to realization. Thank you.
Yeah, I think in terms of weighting, you're right, Bert, that it's more of a supply side issue than a demand side, but there is demand effect even for us because trucks have wheels, and they move to where the market is. It doesn't mean our trucks do, but it means other trucks that have the flexibility or maybe are more transitory in the type of work life they live will flow to those infrastructure projects, which further constrains capacity or said differently, further increases net demand to us. We think there's a demand impact, but certainly on the supply side, both on net drivers available, drivers leaving the industry to pursue construction jobs, and then just drivers being tied up actually hauling freight, but tied up now with new freight, that we were not previously competing with from an overall demand perspective.
I do think infrastructure is gaining some momentum. I suspect something will take place sometime this year. As we all know, that's a multi-year rollout. The last piece of all of it that we spend time thinking about, both in driver training, but also just in projections and thinking about our business is it will increase congestion, which is already increasing from cars returning to the road. When you start doing massive infrastructure projects, we all know what that looks like, and the one thing it doesn't look like is efficient. There will be some slowdowns in network velocity that we've got to plan for and price for as we think about 2022.
Our next question will come from Jordan Alliger with Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead.
Yeah, hi. Just a quick question. I'm curious with the tightness in supply chains and drivers and trucks. From a dedicated perspective, are you actually seeing when customers come to you or potential customers, a desire for larger contracts or more fleet outsourced?
Yeah. Jordan, I think both the frequency by which we're seeing dedicated bid opportunities or the number, I should say, of dedicated opportunities is increasing because of the capacity constrained market we're in. As well as in some cases, the size of those opportunities. When things are thin in the pipeline, you might be looking at five and 10 truck opportunities. Right now, we look at everything, and if it fits right and it fits a need, and it forms an important piece in the puzzle that we're trying to build every day, then it may work its way through the pipeline and to implementation. The propensity for these larger dedicated fleets is certainly greater right now. Our biggest filter, if you will, that we run things through is relative to the profile.
We want stuff that is defensible, difficult to do, that we think is true dedicated. It's not a designated type fleet or a one-way replacement fleet. It has work characteristics that can only really be accomplished long term through dedicated service levels. That's the stuff we want to pursue and really try to avoid just capacity fleets when we can, because those opportunities blow up on you when the cycle turns, and suddenly that defensive position doesn't look so defensive after all. We have a very critical eye as we look through those opportunities and try to sift through those that we can seat, those that we can serve. Those that we can sustain through the cycle.
Great. Thank you.
Thank you.
Our next question will come from Chris Wetherbee with Citi. Please go ahead.
Yeah. Hey, thanks. Good afternoon, Darek, John. Maybe I could just ask quickly on the dedicated mix issue, obviously it impacted that revenue per tractor. Can you just give us a little bit more detail on what's driving that? Maybe, I think you said sort of maybe towards the lower end of the range is the right way to think about the full year outlook there?
We just wanted to make it clear that what's driving it is fleet mix more than any other factor. As we bring on new dedicated fleets, or we grow with existing dedicated fleets, depending on where that incremental truck count ends up, it can have a negative effect on revenue per truck per week that may not be negative at all to our overall profitability, because it could be a low mileage fleet, that simply doesn't produce the same amounts of revenue, but nor does it have nearly the same cost structure. It just so happened that in the second quarter, both incremental growth of existing fleets as well as a couple of fleets that were seated, landed and implemented, just had impacts that were greater than were originally projected on that revenue per truck per week metric.
It may not be the perfect metric going forward. We're actually having discussions about that. We think it's still the best metric to use for now, to try to give you guys some sort of visibility to how the business is running. There are anomalies from quarte- to- quarter based on fleet mix that can play into it, and certainly the second quarter was one of those quarters.
Got it. That's super helpful. Just to follow up on the driver pay side, I think you mentioned in the neighborhood of 10% wage increases. As you think out for the back half of the year, do you need to see more of those continue to sort of hold the line on the organic fleet count?
We're about 11% year-over-year TTS driver wages were up. That's accelerated from the first quarter to the second quarter. We look at the back half of the year, we still have some targeted strategic driver pay raises that are going into effect, both in Dedicated and in One-Way. We're somewhat insulated in that in the Dedicated side, those are funded increases that are worked out collaboratively with the customer. That's going to be our approach as we continue to battle through the back half. On the One-Way side, we'll be very cognizant of where we're at from a rate per mile perspective and what's going on with our overall yield efforts, as well as what does our peak agreements end up landing as we think about rolling out targeted pay increases. Some could be very fleet specific.
Some could be seasonal specific, i.e., peak run bonuses and things of that nature. We'll be very thoughtful in the back half, but certainly there will be some more pressure on the wage line that we currently believe based on all information we have as well as bids that we know landed in July, will be offset through rate increase and overall yield initiatives.
Our next question will come from Jeffrey Kauffman with Vertical Research Partners. Please go ahead.
Thank you very much, and thank you for squeezing me in. Just a broader picture question and follow-up. Your insurance and claims expense looked fantastic, and I know it was still a little bit anomalous a year ago. Purchased transportation surprised me. If I back out the PT related to logistics, it looked like for the trucking business, purchased transportation was down about 5%, and that kind of stood out for me relative to other truckers. How did you manage both of those so well in the quarter?
On the insurance line, the simplest of answers would be we had a very strong first half of the year. We've been working aggressively on much revamped training programs. We've been using and learning and evolving in our use of simulation training, our onboarding procedures, the way we think about our driver leaders interacting with our placement drivers as they come into the fleet, and it's paying dividends. We've seen a significant reduction in major accidents. Technology also plays a part in that. All of this tech that I know we're redundant on in our prepared remarks quarter after quarter, I realize, but it's because we're trying to message things that we think are very important, and that one is one that's very important. Those are some of the dividends that that's paid.
I want to be clear, as we go forward, insurance renewals still look ugly. The market is still a very tough market to deal with. We're going through that process as we speak right now. There will be headwinds as it relates to the cost of insurance as we go forward that obviously we have to work to make sure are offset through actual performance of the portion of that risk that we hold in-house. That's going to be an ongoing evolution. As far as the purchase trans thing, that's an owner-operator issue. That's all that is. We know that the market for drivers is tough. It's also tough for owner-operators. We probably have a more cautious view than some of our competitors on that owner-operator model overall. We want to stand by those that we have.
We want to provide opportunities for company drivers to be able to make that conversion and become a fleet owner if they so desire. We're not actively out there trying to increase our exposure in that owner-operator environment given the current regulatory environment that we live in and the current administration. We believe that's going to be a tougher part of the capacity framework as we go forward over the next several years. It's not one we're looking to grow, and therefore that PT line will probably decrease further as we go forward.
Yeah, Jeff, our. Owner-operator count went from 485 a year ago to 340. Derek's right. The reason for the decline in the TTS side of rent purchase transportation is a reduction in owner-operator costs due to fewer owner-operators.
Okay. It's going up pretty much in line with the industry outside of the owner-operator shift. Just to follow up, it was really interesting this quarter. A lot of the other truckers out there were reporting pretty healthy margin improvements in their OTR businesses, but most folks running a dedicated operation had a decline in their reported ORs. I guess I was just reading into your commentary about how OTR just had a terrific quarter and dedicated kind of really hung in there. Did you buck that trend? If we looked at the dedicated business on an OR basis, did it not go down? Was it up on a year-on-year basis? I've just been surprised how most folks running dedicated fleets have struggled with drivers and PT costs this quarter.
Yeah, again, we don't disclose the breakout, and I know you're not specifically asking for that, but I will say that in general terms, yes, we bucked that trend. Our dedicated group performed well this quarter. It was not a drag this quarter, and I think it's a combination of the top-quality execution, the top-quality customers that we work with, and the very difficult to do business that we're in that's not easily replaceable. It gives you the opportunity to have a lot more rational discussions with your customers, and we have to be good about asking for what we need to continue to provide that service, and I think we did that this quarter.
I don't know if that fully answers your question, but yeah, I read the same comments and have heard some of the same calls, and our results in the quarter certainly seem to differ from many of our competitors in that particular aspect.
This will conclude the question and answer session. I'd like to turn the conference back over to Mr. Derek Leathers for any closing remarks.
Thank you. I just want to thank everybody for being on the call again this quarter. We appreciate it, and we appreciate you tuning in. I want to thank the Werner associates for all they did to make the quarter possible. We're very proud of what we view as a very strong quarter in an extremely challenging labor market. As I've said several times, we're very proud of our ability to hold the line on our fleet in that market. I think it proves the kind of differentiation we've been speaking of. Dedicated performed well, and it will continue to perform well through the cycle. That's something that we look forward to being able to put on display when and if the cycle turn takes place.
Although we think that is well into 2022, if not further out than that, based on current supply constraints and the current demand indicators that we follow. We're happy with the ECM acquisition. We're probably more happy with how that integration has been going at this point. It's still in the early innings. We have a lot to prove. We'll work hard to make sure we do that. I also want to mention this week we had our 2,000th million mi accident-free driver. The 2,000th person at Werner Enterprises to achieve 1 million mi accident free. We're looking forward to some celebrations around that fact as the week progresses. Lastly, we're committed to generating free cash flow through the cycle. We've been talking about it for some time. We remain committed to that.
I think more importantly, we're committed to utilizing that free cash flow to return value to our shareholders, but doing so in the same capital allocation discipline that we've been demonstrating up till now. Investing back in our fleet, growing our business organically, looking for the appropriate time and place for M&A when we think something special exists that can be additive and accretive. We will continue to look to do that going forward. Our commitment to ESG has never been stronger. We're going to continue this journey, and that's what it is. It's a journey, not a short trip. We're going to work hard at it. I think you're going to continue to see results that can make the investment community proud of the work going on here at Werner Enterprises. Thanks again. Thanks for joining us.
The conference is now concluded. Thank you for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect your lines at this time.