Good day, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to the Q1 2019 Xencor Earnings Conference Call. At this time, all participants are in a listen only mode. Later, we will conduct a question and answer session and instructions will follow at that time. Please be advised this call is being recorded at the company's request. I would now like to introduce your host for today's conference, Charles Liles, Associate Director and Head of Corporate Communications and Investor Relations.
You may begin.
Thank you, operator. Good afternoon. This is Charles Liles with Xencor. Welcome to our Q1 2019 financial results conference call. Earlier this afternoon, we issued a press release, which outlines the topics we plan to discuss today.
The release is available at www.zenkor.com. Today on our call, Vasil Dahiyat, President and Chief Executive Officer, will discuss the company's business highlights Paul Foster, Senior Vice President and Chief Medical Officer, will provide an update on Xencor's clinical programs and John Cush, Senior Vice President of Finance and Chief Financial Officer, will review the financial results from the Q1 of 2019. Then we will open up the call for your questions. Before we begin, I would like to remind you that during the course of this conference call, Xencor management may make forward looking statements, including statements regarding the company's future financial and operating results, future market conditions, the plans and objectives of management for future operations, partnering efforts, capital requirements, future product offerings and research and development programs. These forward looking statements are not historical facts, but rather are based on our current expectations and beliefs and are based on information currently available to us.
The outcome of the events described in these forward looking statements is subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results anticipated by these forward looking statements, including, but not limited to, those factors contained in the Risk Factors section of our most recently filed Annual Report on Form 10 ks and Quarterly Report on Form 10 Q. With that, let me pass the call over to Bassil.
Thanks, Charles, and good afternoon, everyone. The core of Xencor's approach to creating antibody and protein therapeutics is our XmAb engineering platform. By making small changes to an antibody structure, specifically its Fc domain, we can improve its natural functions and performance or create new mechanisms of therapeutic actions. The plug and play nature of the small suite of XmAbc domains we've created allows us to engineer nearly any antibody to have improved potency, longer half life or bispecific structure. This flexibility and portability enables us to advance multiple programs simultaneously and generate proof of concept data to guide which programs we will independently advance, which we will partner and which we would terminate.
Now the majority of our R and D over the last few years has been the expansion of our pipeline of bispecific antibody drug candidates. Bi specifics are a rapidly emerging area of biotherapeutic development, particularly in oncology, and we're committed to being at the forefront of this field. Our XmAb heterodimer Fc domain provides a robust scaffold and enables us to rapidly generate new protein and antibody bispecific candidates. These candidates can be grouped into 3 distinct classes. The first and most advanced is the CD3 class.
These are tumor targeted antibodies that contain both a tumor antigen binding domain and a cytotoxic T cell binding domain, which is the CD3 binding domain. They activate T cells at the site of the tumor in order to potently kill them. Now our second group of bispecific antibodies are our tumor microenvironment activators. Rather than directly bridging a T cell to a tumor cell, our TME activators seek to more effectively reactivate tumor reactive T cells than existing therapies by engaging multiple T cell targets simultaneously, such as checkpoints or agonists. This approach not only reduces the need for multiple antibodies typically used for combination therapy, but it also allows for more selective targeting T cells with multiple checkpoint expression, which are typically the ones overexpressed in the tumor microenvironment.
Finally, we're developing a suite of engineered cytokines, which are immune signaling proteins. We've built them on our XmAb bispecific Fc domain. They contain both cytokine and cytokine receptor domains and aim to selectively expand and activate immune cells that can be recruited against tumors. Our first preclinical candidate is XmAb24306. It's an IL-fifteen receptor alpha fused with a bispecific Fc domain.
It's the lead program in our co development collaboration with Genentech, which we announced in February and have previously discussed in detail. Our heterodimer Fc domain and engineering of the IL-fifteen's potency potentially provides superior tolerability, slower receptor mediated clearance and a prolonged half life. 24,306 is intended for development with a wide range of combination agents and importantly, we can perform our own clinical trials with both our own pipeline assets and non Genentech agents subject to some condition. We look forward to planning a number of these combination studies pending completion of the initial dose escalation study of 24,306 and we expect to support Genentech's IND application in multiple oncology indications in the second half of this year. Partnerships like this one provide us with cash helps fund the development of our own product candidates.
Now most of these partnerships require very limited resources and effort from us. For example, we licensed Xtend Fc technology to Alexion to create a complement inhibitor with improved half life and dosing schedule. They received FDA approval and have launched the drug, Ultomiris, we will receive a low single digit royalty on net sales. Another partner, MorphoSys, licensed from us MOR208, an antibody now called tafasitamab. It is a CD19 antibody that we built and used our cytotoxic Fc domain in for high ADCC or high cytotoxic killing function.
MorphoSys recently affirmed that they intend to complete a BLA submission by the end of 2019. If approved, we would receive royalties in the high single digit to low double digit percent range. In April, we announced our newest partnership, a small research collaboration with Astellas, where we're using our bispecific Fc platform to create drug candidate molecules against 1 undisclosed target pair specified by Astellas. We'll perform initial characterization of the molecules and Astellas will do all further development, regulatory and commercial activities and they have the exclusive worldwide license for the program. We received $15,000,000 upfront and are eligible for up to $240,000,000 in milestone payments as well as high single to low double digit percent royalties on net sales.
This agreement complements our work to advance our internal pipeline of bispecifics in oncology and we're happy to have Astellas as a partner. With that, I'll hand the call over to Paul Foster to discuss our clinical efforts in greater detail.
Thank you, Basil. XmAb14045 is our CD123 CD3 bispecific antibody that's being developed in collaboration with our partner Novartis. It's being evaluated currently in an open label Phase 1 dose escalation study in patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia or other CD123 expressing hematologic malignancies. Last month, the FDA lifted the partial clinical hold that have been placed on the Phase 1 study due to safety issues of cytokine release syndrome and pulmonary toxicity. The FDA's decision to lift the hold follow discussion and agreement on amendments to the study protocol, which include the addition of more guidance on the monitoring and the management of cytokine release syndrome.
We are currently working with the investigational sites to resume enrollment based on the amended protocol and we expect to be fully enrolling at all these sites within the coming weeks. Recall that we presented initial data from 66 patients last year at ASH. We observed multiple complete remissions in a heavily pretreated patient population and since then we treated many more patients at active initial dose levels. The highest prevalence and severity of cytokine release syndrome observed was generally on the first dose and it reduces in severity on subsequent doses. We are currently working to optimize the dosing regimen and we are also working with our partner Novartis to plan the next phase of clinical development.
Our
other 2 clinical stage CD3 biopsivics are XmAb13676 and 18,087 and we are conducting Phase 1 dose escalation studies to assess safety, tolerability and preliminary anti tumor activity of these antibodies. Initial dose escalation clinical and biomarker data are expected from these studies in the second half of twenty nineteen. Moving on to our bispecific antibodies that aim to activate T cells in the tumor microenvironment, we recently dosed the first patient in a Phase 1 clinical study of XmAb23104, which simultaneously targets the immune receptors PD-one and ICOS for the treatment of patients with advanced solid tumors. As with all our bispecific TME activators, the hypothesis is that the multiple immune checkpoints and co stimulatory receptors are more highly expressed on T cells in the tumor microenvironment than on those in the periphery. Through preferential targeting of cells that express combinations of these receptors like PD-one and ICOS or CTLA-four and LAG-three for example, we hope to be able to drive a stronger anti tumor response than monotherapy with improved tolerability relative to combination therapy.
The most validated combination of checkpoints is PD-one and CTLA-four and we designed XmAb20717 as a bispecific antibody to target T cells that co express both these checkpoint receptors. XmAb20717 is being evaluated in the Phase 1 clinical study in patients with advanced solid tumors. We began enrolling patients in the study in July of last year and we anticipate initial dose escalation clinical and biomarker data to be available in the second half of twenty nineteen. Finally, this quarter, we look forward to updating you when we begin to enroll patients in a Phase 1 study evaluating XmAb22841, our 3rd TME activator. It's a CTLA-four LAG-three bispecific antibody and while we conduct these initial dose escalation with XmAb22841 as a monotherapy, we designed it to be evaluated along with a PD-one inhibitor to create a triple check point blockade.
We will be combining with pembrolizumab in separate dose escalation cohorts. Basil?
Thanks, Paul. Before we move on to financials, I'd like to turn briefly to obexelimab, which we used to call XmAb5871. This antibody uses our XmAb immune inhibitor Fc domain to enhance Fc gamma R2B binding and it targets CD19 with its variable domain. It's designed to inhibit the function of B cells, an important component of the immune system without killing them. We've completed multiple clinical studies of obexelimab where we've observed encouraging disease modifying activity, including an IgG4 related disease and systemic lupus erythematosus or SLE.
Additionally, we've also completed a study with a subcutaneous formulation, which showed good tolerability and supports every other week dosing. We believe that the data from studies in patients with SLE and IgG4 related disease support further development of these indications as well as in other B cell mediated autoimmune indications. And as we previously mentioned on our Q4 call, we're seeking a partner that has the infrastructure and resources to continue late stage development of obexelimab and maximize the drug candidates potential for the broadest set of patients. With that, I'll turn the call over to John Cush to review our Q1 2019 financial results. Thank you, Bassil.
During the Q1, we continued to strengthen Xencor's balance sheet and financial position with new partnerships and collaborations. Today, we reported cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and receivables totaling $650,500,000 at March 31, 2019 compared to $540,700,000 at December 31, 2018. The increase reflects upfront proceeds of $135,000,000 from our Genentech and Astellas collaborations, which were reported as receivables at March 31, 2019 and were received by us in April, net of cash used to fund operating activities in the Q1 of 2019. Total revenue for the Q1 ended March 31, 2019 was $111,900,000 which reflects revenue recognized from our research and licensing collaboration with Genentech. No revenue was reported for the same period March 2018.
As Basil mentioned, in connection with our Alexion partnership, the company is eligible to receive royalties in the low single digits on net sales of ULTOMIRIS, which was approved for marketing in the U. S. By the FDA in March 2018. Under our agreement with Alexion, royalties are due to us based on net sales proceeds that is cash received. We did not report any royalty income for the Q1 of 2019 and we expect that royalty income that we will report will be 1 to 2 quarters in arrears from the ULTOMIRIS sales report by Alexion.
Research and development expenditures for the Q1 were $28,200,000 compared to $26,100,000 for the same period in 2018. Spending on R and D expenses for the Q1 2019 is primarily on our bispecific technologies and pipeline, including our lead cytokine candidate Xmav24306. Reported R and D expenses are net of cost sharing reimbursements received from Novartis and Genentech under the respective collaboration agreements. General and administrative expenses for the Q1 were $5,500,000 compared to $4,600,000 in the same period in 2018. The increased spending on G and A expenses for the Q1 of 2019 reflects additional spending on professional fees related to licensing and intellectual property.
Non cash stock based compensation expense for the Q1 was $5,900,000 compared to $4,500,000 for the same period in 2018. Net income for the Q1 was $80,000,000 or $1.38 on a fully diluted per share basis compared to a net loss of $29,500,000 or $0.62 on a fully diluted per share basis for the same period in 2018. The net income reported for the Q1 2019 over the loss for the same period in 2018 is due to revenue recognized from our Genentech collaboration. Total shares outstanding were 56,300,000 as of March 31, 2019 compared to 55,600,000 as of March 31, 31, 2018. Based on current operating plans, projected spending and proceeds from partnerships and collaborations, we expect to have cash to fund research and development programs and operations beyond 2024 and to end 2019 with between $550,000,000 $575,000,000 in cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities.
With that, we would now like to open up the call for your questions. Operator?
And our first question is from Ted Tenthoff from Piper Jaffray. Your line is now open.
Great. Thank you very much for the update and congrats on all the great progress. There's a lot to go through and a lot to read out. I wanted to ask first, just with respect to CD123, how material do you think the clinical hold might be to sort of data readouts and how quickly have you been able to restart enrolling patients? And I just had a follow-up, if I may, on CD20.
Yes. I would say that it's probably going to be a couple of quarters overall setback when you deal with the response, the response from the FDA on that and then the ramp back up timing. That's generally overall how it's going to play out, I would say.
And do you still expect to have an update at ASH done this year or is that when we should look for the next update?
As always, we have to confer with Novartis, so we can't say. I would venture to say that that's probably premature, the ask would be premature.
All right, cool. Good to know. And then just on CD123, recent competitor compound, CRS as well. I think this is something you guys have experienced with and are dealing with, what is CD123 experience and maybe competitive molecule experience kind of teach you with respect to CD3 activation with CD20 in the second bispecific? Thanks.
I'm sorry. I'm just confused on the question. Maybe the target names. You're referring to CD123.
No. So for the second question, on CD20 and on recent competitor data, I was just saying, CRS is something you guys are used to, obviously, an on target effect of CD3. So just trying to kind of figure out sort of what your read through is to your CD20 molecule?
I see. Yes. So what you're referring to is a recent report from a competitor that had a CD20, CD3 where their combination arm with an anti PD-one antibody, they reported CRS likely CRS related patient deaths and they commented that that happens at lower doses of the CD3, implying that the PD-one antibody made the immune system that made the T cells more active, right?
Yes, exactly.
I would say Yes, it's a general theme. The more immune activated a patient is, whether that's by the affinity on the CD3 side, the format of the bispecific like with the old BiTE format. In this case, I guess we've learned that general immune stimulation can do it as well, which I think is quite interesting in that a PD-one antibody can be used to boost up the immune response to a CD3 that gives you another tool to ultimately titrate how these things go. I think we're early days in that kind of approach, but that I thought that was a pretty interesting that was a pretty interesting read through. I just think it means you have to be thoughtful.
I don't think there's any direct read through to our compound. It's got its own dose escalation, its own specific potency level. And I think the general lessons you can learn are the usual tricks of the trade for infusion reaction type things, splitting doses, step up doses are going to continue to be sort of the rule of the day.
Cool. Helpful. That's all. I appreciate it.
Thank you. Our next question is from Jonathan Chang from SVB Leerink. Your line is now open.
Hi, guys. Thanks for taking my questions. First question on 14,045. Can you talk about what modifications have been incorporated into the study? And are these modifications being incorporated into your other CD3 bispecific programs?
Yes. We're not going to comment specifically on the adjustments or the protocol amendments, just to say that we have enhanced monitoring and guidance on the treatment of CRS and other toxicities. And we certainly will take some of those measures and apply them across all of our CD3 studies. It's just prudent to do so.
Got it. Thank you. Second question, can you provide any color on how the partnership discussions for obexelimab are going? Any updates or changes on how you're thinking about next steps for the program?
I wouldn't say any updates or changes to how we've been thinking about it. We continue on in discussions. I think it's clearly going to be a matter of aligning with partners that have a view that we can agree with on next phases of development. I think that's really the thought process we go through here. But nothing to update.
We'll certainly update when we have news.
Got it. Just one final question for me. How should we be thinking about initial data from the TME bispecific platform broadly? What are the key things you'll be looking for in the initial data set? And what would you see as a win?
Yes. I would say that the key things to look for so the first program we have coming up, 2717, we hope to read out some data late this year. I think the key things to look for are, of course, the tolerability profile and what kind of biomarker data and any glimmers of activity we would see in our initial dose escalation because that data readout is just going to be dose escalation. It's not going to involve a huge number of patients. But once we get out of dose escalation, we have pretty aggressive plans for expansion cohorts where we can really start to dig in.
So I think we're going to want to see the right kind of T cell activation. I think the tolerability profile in particular for a molecule that had CTLA-four inhibition in it, where tolerability is significantly is always an issue for those kinds of antibodies. So I think those two pieces and whatever glimmers of activity we might see, we are in patients that are either post PD-one or not, but the reality means we're going to be in predominantly during dose escalation and people that have had exposure to PD-one therapy and either progressed or didn't respond. So we don't want to over we don't want to overstate how much information we might get out of it from this first look. But once we're through dose escalation, that's things should be much more interesting.
And then generally speaking, I'd say that would hold true for each of the different agents, where you've got to get through that initial dose escalation and you want to see if you're hitting the biology right and if your selectivity hypothesis has any kind of support. And I think for 2717 that would be supportive on the tolerability side. Does that answer your question?
That's helpful. Thank you very much.
Thank you. Our next question is from Alethia Young from Cantor Fitzgerald. Your line is now open.
Hi. This is Eileen on for Alythia. Thanks so much for taking the question. So one on 14,045, can you walk us through the logistical steps that are sort of pending to get the sites back enrolling with the updated protocol? And then I just want to clarify that the pulmonary cytokine bispecific.
So what are the key targets or sort of directions that you think makes sense to bring this technology beyond the Genentech collaboration? And can you comment on any of the learnings that you could bring from that program to the next steps that we might see there? Thanks.
We're going to maybe have you repeat with the questions one at a time as we answer and then you can repeat them again because I don't think we could keep up with that. So could you restate your first one?
Sorry, the first one is just
yes. So we've come to agreement with FDA on a protocol amendment. Now it's a matter of now submitting that new protocol out to the sites and their IRBs to get approval. We're also going out to each of the sites and talking with the investigators to make sure they understand the changes in the protocol. And once that happens, we'll start enrolling.
And we've already started that process.
Okay. And then the pulmonary toxicity, was that deemed unrelated to drug? Or I just wanted to clarify.
It was deemed as possibly related by the investigator.
Okay. And then the last one was on the cytokine bispecific. So can you comment on the direction that you see this sort of portion of the bispecific platform going in the future? And maybe any comments about learnings from the Genentech collaboration or IL-fifteen
collaboration because we just started. And I think we published enough data to show that the profile of the molecule, I think suggests how we're going to be looking at cytokines, whether they're IL-fifteen based that we target to particular tumor particular immune cell types or whether they're other cytokines. The strategy we took was to reduce the potency of the cytokine to create a more tolerable, but just as important to create an agent that is able to activate the immune cell target, in this case, T cells and NK cells, without over activating them, creating that toxicity and then essentially creating its own clearance sync because these when these things bind their target cells, they get cleared. The more actively they do so, the more rapidly they get cleared. So you have this tug of war and I think what we want is a nice steady extended activation of the cells.
So that general lesson of potency tuning to give you that blend of good activity with tolerability and half life is what we're after. We've looked at that and seen the kind of design profile we want in our preclinical models. The learnings that we're going to get first out of the Genentech collaboration is how that looks in patients, in humans. So that's a general thrust that we're going to carry forward as we build the cytokine platform out. And of course, the detail for each program will vary based on the cytokine.
I think immediate next steps are with the IL-fifteen to really to look at how we can target that to different immune cells by using the bispecific platform to guide the IL-fifteen activity to particular targets. We published some of that earlier and that's going to be an area of active research with Genentech we can hope we can report more on in the future.
Okay, sounds great. Thanks so much.
Thank you. Our next question is from Arlinda Lee from Canaccord. Your line is now open.
Hi, guys. It's Ben in for Arlinda. Thanks for taking my questions.
Pablo, I
was just wondering, when would me hear about the breadth and scope of the clinical plan for the IL-fifteen program later this year?
No, I don't think it's going to be later this year. I think that in terms of details for that, it would, I think, be no earlier than once we're well along with dose escalation, which I wouldn't imagine would be before the second half of twenty twenty. And some of that's going to be based on when we trigger additional sort of steps in the clinical plan, expansion cohorts and such that, that would probably come to light. I can't promise you what level of detail we can provide. That's something that's far enough off in the future we haven't discussed with Genentech.
We already have a quite detailed and comprehensive plan laid out with them for combination agents in various indications once we're through that initial dose escalation. So we'll be able to tell you a lot more about that next year, but I don't know how much detail.
Okay, great. That's very helpful. Thanks. And I just wanted to reaffirm on what you, I think, said on 20,717. Do you expect that to be later in the year towards year end?
Yes, end of the year, we hope.
Got you. Okay. That's all I had. Thank you very much.
Thank you. Our next question is from Shanshan Xu from Berenberg Capital Markets. Your line is now open.
Hi, guys. I'm wondering if you can talk a little bit more about obexelimab, which seems to be underappreciated on the street. Given that MOR208 is another anti CD19 antibody formed from your platform and it is right now very close to a regulatory approval. So can you please share a little bit about the binding epitope of obexelimab? It is similar to MOR208.
Do you expect similar success like MOR208 with obexelimab?
It's the identical binding epitope because obexelimab and tafasitamab have precisely the same amino acid sequences for their variable domain. So they bind CD19 in precisely the same way with the same affinity, same epitope. I don't think that creates any read through whatsoever. I wish it did given the really exciting possibilities that we're seeing with tafasitabab now in lymphoma, because the real action for both of those molecules happens because of their Fc domains rather than the biology driven by their CD19 binding. The CD19 binding for both of those essentially targets the antibody and its active Fc domain to B cells in a very lineage restricted way.
And in the case of tafasitamab, it kills them with ADCC function. In the case of obexelimab, you're engaging the B cell's own receptor to be to shut it down. I think what we have seen with obexelimab is very potent activity of shutting B cells down through both biomarker data as well as disease modifying activity data. And we have a lot of confidence in the molecule's design. It seems quite robust.
It's readily delivered. The subcutaneous formulation, I think, looks very promising from our early clinical data there. And so we're just going to have to let that program stand on its own.
Yes, I agree. And my second question is that can you please compare and contrast the structure of your CD3 bispecific antibody franchise in your pipeline versus other specifics from such as companies like Regeneron or Miras? And do you expect your C3 bispecific molecules to show clinical superiority versus your competitors? Thank you.
Yes. I think that you've got to look at the class of bispecifics that target CD3 quite broadly. I think there's sort of 2 buckets, ones that have Fc domains, where there's sort of a header dimer Fc domain in particular that's used that creates a structure that looks a lot like ours and then there's ones that don't. And in those cases, those molecules have to overcome the inherent limitations and half life that come without having an Fc domain. And there's tricks that people use to try to do that.
And I'd say there's varying levels of success on that, though there's been some promise. I would say that each platform gives you different starting point for the major issues that you have to deal with to make bispecifics a reality. First is their stability and I think a number of companies have good tools for that. I would say the companies you mentioned as well as ours seem to have molecules that can be made, right? As for manufacturability, I can't speak in detail on others.
I know that ours is incredibly plug and play in the standard manufacturing processes and now 3 different companies have made GMP materials, Encore, Amgen and Novartis. And I think that that's a sign of how easily portable ours are. I can't comment in the details of others, so I know a number of others you have to do special manufacturing approaches, come up with processes de novo. Now that said, I think that the main differentiation is going to come from how people design their individual molecules. And in particular, when you look at within the Fc containing class, which we favor as having a lot of advantages in terms of simplicity, half life, etcetera, It's going to really come down to how people make their molecules for each individual program, the affinities they choose, the valencies they choose for binding to the different targets they have on either side.
And I think it's going to be a lot more than CD3s as we go forward. We're going to have our 3rd tumor microactive tumor microhymen activator in the clinic soon and our 1st cytokine in the clinic within the next 12 months. So I think these bispecific tools are much broader than just CD3. So that portability and that simplicity of transfer of what we do seems to be an advantage we have. Though I think as in anything with technologies, a lot of people will come racing in when there seems to be interesting possibilities.
I don't think that there's any one platform that will shine without having really good protein engineering and good biology for any given drug candidate though.
Thank you. That's very helpful.
Thank you. And our next question is from Michael Schmidt from Guggenheim Securities. Your line is now open.
Hey, guys. This is Charles Zhu on for Michael Schmidt. Thanks for taking the questions and congrats on the quarter. Could you quickly remind us again of the potential specific patient populations for XmAb13676 given that you also have out licensed MOR208 both within some form of B cell malignancies? Thank you.
Yes. The MOR208 out license has no bearing on it. We're trying to make the best drugs and we're going to let the data speak for itself. I would say that there's 2 parallel cohorts in dose escalation, CLL and non Hodgkin lymphoma of varying subtypes. And Paul, correct me if I'm wrong here, in both cases, relapsed or refractory disease, right?
Correct. I think there's still a lot of unmet need. I think Morto Whit does a great job in that relapsed DLBCL setting. I think you still got to remember the majority of patients after a little over a year are no longer in response though.
Okay. All right. That makes sense and that's very helpful. And also, look, I think you referred briefly that the royalty collection cycle from Alexion would be approximately a 1 to 2 quarter delay or so. Could we assume that this would be something similar for MorphoSys?
I can't recall the details of the
I can't recall it either, but I don't think it is, but I have to double check.
Yes, we'd have to double check. Sorry.
Once I get a little bit closer, we'll dig into that. But we can check on that and get back to you.
Thank you. At this time, I'm showing no further questions. I would like to turn the call back over to Basile DeHaye, CEO for closing remarks.
Thank you, operator, and thank you all for joining today's call. We look forward to updating you again throughout the year.
Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for your participation in today's conference. This concludes the program. You may now disconnect.