Earnings Call: Q3 2020

Oct 28, 2020

Thank you all for joining us. As usual on our call, our CEO, Christian Sewing will speak first, followed by our Chief Financial Officer, James Von Moltke. The presentation, as always, is available for download in the Investor Relations section of our website, db.com. But before we get started, let me remind you that the presentation contains forward looking statements, which may not develop as we currently expect. We therefore ask you to take notice of the precautionary warning at the end of our materials. With that, let me hand over to Christian. Thank you, James, and welcome from me. It is now 5 quarters since we launched our strategic transformation. And for the 5th quarter in a row, we have delivered on or ahead of our financial targets and transformational agenda. And this positions us well to deliver against our long term targets. We were profitable in the 3rd quarter and in the 1st 9 months of the year with results ahead of our internal plan. The results are clearly a reflection of our refocused strategy. And yes, the results are in part driven by higher revenues in the Investment Bank where market conditions remain supportive. But we see our revenue growth in the Investment Bank as much more than just market driven. The performance also reflects the refocus of this division around businesses where we have market leading positions. In Q3, we have outperformed peers in several of our key areas within fixed income and increased market share. Despite the revenue headwinds we are facing in the Corporate and Private Bank, the results are in line with our original plans. Asset Management is performing in line with our expectations as well. We also continue to reduce costs with the 11th quarter in a row of year on year declines. The combination of higher revenues and lower cost is driving higher core bank profitability, which more than offsets the combined impacts of transformation costs to implement our strategy, the burden of winding down the capital release unit, which continues in line with our plan and elevated provisions for credit losses given the COVID-nineteen pandemic. And finally, we continue to manage our balance sheet conservatively. Capital was broadly stable in the quarter, while liquidity further increased. This provides a solid position in the current environment to maintain our financial strength and to support our clients. Let us go through these themes in more detail, starting with our progress against our strategic transformation on Slide 2. In July 2019, we identified the transformation related effects that we would take over the next 14 quarters. After just 5 quarters, we have put over 80% of these costs behind us. In the Q3, we continued to implement our strategic transformation. Some examples include: in the Private Bank Germany, we announced the reduction of a further 100 Deutsche Bank branded branches. Since 2016, we will have removed approximately 30% of our entire German branch network, including Postbank. This announcement reflects the changes in customer behavior that we are seeing, including a near doubling of online securities transactions, of which 30% are now coming through our mobile app. To support our revenue objectives, we extended partnerships with Zurich and Mastercard. We further rationalized our real estate footprint with the early closure of a significant part of our New York campus. We continued to simplify our legal entity structure with the completion of the sale of our trust business in Mexico. And we completed the formation of the International Private Bank and introduced a simplified reporting and leadership structure. This should unlock further revenue and cost synergies between Wealth Management and the former Private and Commercial Bank International consistent with our agenda. These examples demonstrate our relentless focus on execution. Let me now discuss our revenue performance on Slide 3. The core objective of our transformation has been to stabilize and then grow revenues. We have grown group revenues by approximately €500,000,000 over the last 12 months, driven mainly by the Investment Bank. The revenue growth in our refocused business model has offset the exit from equities trading. Clients have reengaged with a model which focuses on our core strengths. In each of the last four quarters, we have grown FICC revenues year on year by high double digit percentage, including a near doubling of rates revenues, mainly driven by strong underlying client flow. In Origination and Advisory, we have consistently outperformed the global fee pool in 2020, resulting in our highest market share in 6 quarters. And this includes ranking 3rd in green bond issuance, up from 14th in 2019. As a result, we see a substantial part of the Investment Bank revenue performance to be sustainable. You see this in core bank revenues, which have increased to around €24,000,000,000 over the last 12 months. And this puts us close to the plan of €20.5 €1,000,000,000 that we described at the last investor deep dive as part of our path to the 8% return on tangible equity target in 2022. But we are not complacent. We will continue to work on measures to offset the interest rate headwinds and the further anticipated normalization of market conditions in Investment Banking. Turning now to our progress on cost reductions on Slide 4. We promised that we would not let COVID-nineteen slow down our pace of execution, and we kept that promise. We have delivered 11 quarters of year on year reductions in adjusted costs, excluding transformation charges and bank levies. Excluding transformation charges and prime finance costs, adjusted costs were €4,700,000,000 in the 3rd quarter. This puts us well on track to meet our 2020 target of EUR 19,500,000,000 This would be a reduction of €3,300,000,000 almost 15% over the past 2 years. Our relentless focus on costs is now in the mindset of the bank and will continue. The disciplined execution is becoming increasingly visible in our financial results, as you can see on Slide 5. A core objective of our transformation is to improve sustainable profitability. That means generating positive operating leverage by growing revenues and at the same time reducing costs. We have generated positive operating leverage for 4 quarters in a row at both a group and a core bank level. This operating leverage has driven significant improvements in core bank profitability. The improved core bank performance has increasingly offset the negative impact of the wind down of the capital release unit. Over time, more of the core bank's profitability should flow to the group's bottom line as we continue to progress on our transformation agenda and provisions for credit losses normalize. I'm also encouraged that all 4 of our core businesses generated positive operating leverage as you can see on Slide 6. The improvements were driven by disciplined implementation of our strategy as each business works to improve its return on equity. Both the Corporate Bank and the Private Bank have implemented measures to offset the interest rate headwinds. The Corporate Bank has now charging agreements in place on approximately €68,000,000,000 of deposits. These agreements added €55,000,000 to revenues in the current quarter alone. This is materially above the targets we laid out at the Investor Deep Dive in December 2019. To further accelerate growth, we have recently combined all our operations for business clients in Germany into a single unit. Bank benefited from the before mentioned recovery in revenues combined with ongoing cost reductions. The private bank generated EUR 5,000,000,000 of net new client loans and EUR 3,000,000,000 of net inflows into investment products in the quarter. On the cost side, in the Private Bank, we have now generated EUR 260,000,000 of cost synergies from the German merger year to date. And here, we remain on track to reach our full year objectives. In Asset Management, DWS has shown its resilience with a rebound in revenues driven in part by ongoing cost reductions as well as net asset inflows. DWS has generated €17,000,000,000 of net inflows year to date with more than 1 third in ESG products. Across our businesses, the operating leverage has not been generated at the expense of resource discipline. Over the last 12 months, risk weighted assets were broadly flat or slightly down in each of our businesses. This discipline around risk weighted assets is a key element of our commitment to conservative balance sheet management, which we discuss on Slide 7. We held our CET1 ratio broadly stable at 13.3%. Liquidity reserves increased to around €250,000,000,000 Both of these metrics are comfortably above regulatory requirements. Provisions for credit losses were 25 basis points of loans on an annualized basis in the 3rd quarter. Performance in our loan portfolio since the Q1 supports our guidance for the full year that provisions will remain in the 35 to 45 basis point range. We reiterate this guidance even with the recent renewed uncertainties in the macroeconomic outlook. This compares favorably to our international peers, reflecting the high quality nature of our loan portfolios and tight management of credit risk. It also reflects the fact that around 50% of our loan portfolio is in Germany. In summary, our performance is in line with or even ahead of all our major strategic and financial objectives. We are confident we can continue on this path, including our expectation to be profitable at the pretax level for the full year. We look forward to discussing this with you in more detail in our investor deep dive on the 9th December. With that, let me hand over to James. Thank you, Christian. Let me start with a summary of our Q3 financial performance compared to the prior year on Slide 8. As Christian said, operating leverage was strong in the quarter. On a reported basis, we generated 23% operating leverage as revenues increased by 13% while non interest expenses declined by 10%. Excluding specific revenue and cost items, which are detailed on Slide 34 of the appendix, operating leverage was 17%. On this basis, revenues increased by 9%, while adjusted costs, excluding transformation charges declined by 8%. We generated a profit before tax of €482,000,000 or €826,000,000 on an adjusted basis. In the 9 months, profit before tax was €846,000,000 reported or €1,500,000,000 adjusted. Excluding specific revenue items, restructuring and severance and transformation charges, the core bank generated a post tax return on tangible equity of 6.8% in the 3rd quarter. Tangible book value per share of €23.21 was slightly below the 2nd quarter driven by FX translation. Turning to provision for credit losses on Slide 9. Consistent with our full year guidance, provision for credit losses returned to more moderate levels this period. The provision was EUR 273,000,000 in the quarter or 25 basis points of loans on an annualized basis. Incremental provision for credit losses related to COVID-nineteen was EUR 76,000,000 including €215,000,000 of Stage 3 builds. The Stage 3 build was partly offset by releases in Stages 12 reflecting the better consensus macroeconomic outlook in the quarter. We implemented a larger management overlay compared to the Q2 given uncertainties in the macroeconomic outlook, which partly offset the release generated by the model. Including the provisions taken in the Q3, we ended the period with €4,800,000,000 of allowance for loan losses, equivalent to 111 basis points of loans. Turning to capital on Slide 10. Our CET1 ratio was 13.3 percent atquarterend, 285 basis points above our regulatory requirement of 10.4%. The CET1 ratio increased by 2 basis points in the quarter. Progress in the capital release unit, lower operational risk RWA and repayment of client credit facilities were broadly offset by movements in OCI and growth in core bank RWA. The leverage ratio was 4.4% atquarterend, an increase of 28 basis points. The increase reflected the exclusion of certain Central Bank balances from the leverage ratio denominator following the implementation of the CRR quick fix. Slide 11 shows the progress we are making on reducing adjusted costs. Adjusted costs declined by €424,000,000 or 8% excluding transformation Costs declined across all major categories, while we continue to invest in our IT and control programs. Adjusted costs included €89,000,000 of expenses eligible for reimbursement related to Prime Finance and €104,000,000 of transformation charges. These costs are excluded from our 2020 adjusted cost target. On this basis, adjusted costs were €4,700,000,000 in the quarter and €14,900,000,000 for the 1st 9 months. As Christian said, this puts us on a good path to the €19,500,000,000 target this year. With that, let's turn to the progress our businesses have made compared to the prior year period starting with the Corporate Bank on Slide 13. Pre tax profit in the Corporate Bank was €189,000,000 in the quarter or €243,000,000 excluding transformation charges and restructuring and severance, which we detail in the appendix. This equates to a 6.9 percent adjusted post tax return on tangible equity. Revenues of €1,300,000,000 decreased by 5% on a reported basis or 2% excluding the impact of FX translation. The Corporate Bank partly offset the interest rate headwinds and lower client activity with deposit repricing, higher episodic items, balance sheet management and ECB tiering. Despite the challenging rates environment and other macroeconomic headwinds, Corporate Bank revenues for the 1st 9 months were essentially flat year on year. The Corporate Bank also made progress on reducing costs to offset the revenue headwinds. Non interest expenses declined by 1% and included €39,000,000 of restructuring and severance charges, mainly related to the finalization of the German Corporate and Commercial Banking integration. Adjusted costs excluding transformation expenses declined by 7%, reflecting reductions in non compensation expenses and FX translation benefits. Provisions for credit losses of EUR 42,000,000 were mainly driven by releases due to the improved macro outlook with modest new impairments. Global Transaction Banking revenues declined by 8% or 4% on an FX adjusted basis as shown on Slide 14. Cash management revenues declined as deposit repricing, balance sheet management and ECB tiering were more than offset by the interest rate headwinds and lower client activity in parts of the quarter. Trade Finance and Lending revenues were essentially flat excluding the impact of FX translation and episodic items. Securities Services and Trust and Agency Services revenues declined as a result of interest rate reductions in key markets. Commercial Banking revenues increased by 1% as growth in deposits and fee revenues was partly offset by lower lending related revenues. Turning to the Investment Bank on Slide 15. The Investment Bank generated a profit before tax of €957,000,000 in the 3rd quarter with a 12% post tax return on tangible equity. We made further progress on our strategic objectives including standardization of processes to reduce costs, growing revenues in focus areas and reducing funding costs. Revenues of €2,400,000,000 increased by 35% excluding specific items, driven by the benefits of strategic repositioning, strong market conditions and good client flows. Non interest expenses of €1,400,000,000 declined by 14% in part reflecting lower restructuring expenses. Adjusted costs excluding transformation charges declined by 5% on continued disciplined expense management despite higher compensation costs on significantly higher revenues. Provision for credit losses of EUR 52,000,000 or 29 basis points of loans reflected the improved economic outlook, partly offset by further COVID-nineteen related impairments. Loan balances declined during the quarter returning to more normalized levels with further repayment of client credit facilities and prudent balance sheet deployment. Revenues in fixed income, currency, sales and trading increased by 43%, excluding specific items as you can see on Slide 16. This included a near doubling of revenues in the trading Foreign exchange revenues were significantly higher reflecting higher volatility and strength in derivatives. Revenues from credit trading were significantly higher driven by the continued recovering credit markets and strong client flows. Emerging market revenues were higher compared to a weak prior year quarter principally due to strength in SIMEA and Latin America, specifically in the flow businesses. Financing revenues were essentially flat, excluding the impact of FX translation headwinds. 3rd quarter financing revenues benefited from a rebound of ABS activity and a further strengthening of the U. S. CMBS market. Revenues in origination and advisory increased by 15%. Equity origination revenues were significantly higher driven by market share gains in a record fee pool environment. Growth in debt origination also reflected market share gains across both investment grade debt and leverage finance. Advisory revenues were significantly lower against the strong prior year, but in line with industry performance. Turning to the Private Bank on Slide 17. The Private Bank reported a pretax loss of €4,000,000 in the quarter. Excluding specific revenue items, restructuring and severance expenses as well as transformation charges, profit before tax was €180,000,000 more than 50% higher than last year. Revenues were flat as growth in volumes offset ongoing deposit margin and the negative impacts from COVID-nineteen. Both client activity and assets under management have further improved, but remain below the pre crisis levels. The private bank made continued progress on its broader strategic initiatives including the ongoing redesign of the distribution network and establishing strategic sales partnerships. In the quarter, we generated €115,000,000 of German merger related cost synergies. Non interest expenses were broadly flat as reductions in adjusted costs were offset by higher restructuring charges. The charges reflected further progress towards the head office and branch network optimization in Germany. Adjusted costs excluding transformation charges declined by 10%. Non compensation costs declined in part driven by lower internal service cost allocations. Compensation costs were also lower reflecting reductions in the workforce. Provision for credit losses was €174,000,000 or 30 basis points of loans, reflecting the macroeconomic environment. Turning to revenues by business area on Slide 18. Revenues in Private Bank Germany increased by 1%. Growth in lending revenues, higher fee income from investment products and higher episodic insurance revenues offset the ongoing deposit margin compression and COVID-nineteen impacts. Business growth continued with €3,000,000,000 of net new client loans and €1,000,000,000 of net inflows in investment products in the quarter. This quarter, we implemented the new management and reporting structure for the International Private Bank. This division combines Wealth Management and the former Private and Commercial Business International. Revenues in the International Private Bank declined by 1 percent excluding workout activities related to the Sal Oppenheim franchise. The International Private Bank continued to grow volumes with EUR 2,000,000,000 of net new client loans and EUR 2,000,000,000 of net inflows in investment products. The revenues for the 2 sub businesses within International Private Bank are reported in the financial data supplement. International Private Banking and Wealth Management combines the former Wealth Management segment with our most affluent international clients. Revenues in this segment were essentially flat excluding specific items and headwinds from foreign exchange translation. Volume growth reflecting targeted hiring broadly offset deposit margin compression and COVID-nineteen effects on average assets management. International Personal Banking principally serves retail customers in our target markets. Revenues in International Personal Banking declined by 1% as continued deposit margin compression and the negative impacts of COVID-nineteen were broadly offset by a valuation adjustment on an investment. Asset Management continued to perform well as you can see on Slide 19. To remind you, the Asset Management segment includes certain items that are not part of DWS standalone DWS standalone financials. Asset Management pretax profit of EUR163,000,000 increased by 56% driven by both cost reductions and higher revenues. The Asset Management divisional cost income ratio improved by 12 percentage points to 63% compared to 62% at the DWS level. DWS is on track to achieve all targets set at the IPO. Revenues grew by 4%, principally reflecting a positive impact from the change in fair value of guarantees and lower funding cost allocations. Compared to the prior quarter, revenues grew by 3% on higher management fees given the increase in average assets under management. Non interest expenses declined by 12% with adjusted costs excluding transformation charges down by 11%. The reduction in costs was driven by ongoing efficiency initiatives, lower transaction costs as well as the absence of write downs on buildings and leases recorded in Q3 2019. Net flows were €11,000,000,000 in the quarter, while assets under management increased by €14,000,000,000 to €759,000,000,000 within 1% of year end 2019 levels. Corporate and Other reported a pre tax loss of €396,000,000 in the quarter as shown on Slide 20. The loss included €179,000,000 of valuation and timing differences. These differences principally relate to mark to market movements on swaps the group uses to mitigate the interest rate and cross currency risk from funding activities. The negative impact of other items also increased due in part to certain real estate transformation charges as we accelerate our New York real estate footprint rationalization. It was also impacted by higher than planned infrastructure costs that have not been charged to business divisions. Turning to the Capital Release Unit on Slide 21. The Capital Release Unit recorded negative revenues of €36,000,000 Revenues were driven by de risking, hedging and funding costs, partly offset by the Prime Finance cost recovery and positive effects from valuation adjustments. Non interest expenses in the 3rd quarter were 50% lower, in part reflecting lower restructuring and severance, lower transformation charges and reduced litigation costs. Adjusted costs excluding transformation charges declined by 40%. The decline was driven by lower internal service cost allocations as well as reduction in compensation and non compensation costs, including professional service fees, market data and other employee driven spend. Risk weighted assets declined by €3,000,000,000 in the quarter to €39,000,000,000 compared to the €38,000,000,000 target for year end. Leverage exposure declined by €12,000,000,000 or 12% in the quarter. Consistent with our prior guidance, we expect leverage exposure to continue to decline by €10,000,000,000 to €15,000,000,000 in the coming period subject to market movements. For both RWA and leverage exposure, our 2022 targets remain unchanged. As Christian highlighted, we've continued to navigate successfully through the challenging environment. The progress that we have made in the 1st 9 months of the year puts us on a good path to reach our 2020 financial milestones, which are shown on Slide 22. We have updated the outlook statements in the earnings report to reflect our current expectations. Our group revenue expectations are now marginally higher than our prior outlook, primarily reflecting the stronger than expected performance in the 1st 9 months. Our current planning assumes a normalization of Investment Banking revenue performance in the Q4 compared to earlier in the year. We expect relatively stable performance in our other core businesses sequentially. The capital release unit revenue is also forecast to return to the range that we outlined at the investor deep dive of between negative €100,000,000 negative €250,000,000 We remain on track to reach our €19,500,000,000 adjusted cost target excluding transformation charges and the impact of the Prime Finance transfer. We have previously guided to deferred tax asset valuation adjustments of €400,000,000 for the full year. Based on our improved profitability and outlook, we now expect this tax item to be €100,000,000 for the full year, of which we have taken €25,000,000 in the 1st 9 months. The improved outlook on DTA should be partly offset by higher restructuring and severance as we work to accelerate as much as possible We will We will continue to manage our CET1 ratio conservatively and we expect to remain well above our 12.5% long term target. Our strong CET1 ratio in the 3rd quarter provides sufficient headroom to absorb the likely regulatory inflation and to support clients they navigate the pandemic. These are themes that we will address in detail at our next investor deep dive on Wednesday, December 9. With that, let us take your questions. Ladies and gentlemen, at this time, we will begin the question and answer session. The first question comes from the line of ryaneshandarayan with Bank of America. Please go ahead. Good afternoon everybody and thank you very much. I would like to just ask on a couple of areas, please. The first is just following up on your comments on Investment Banking revenue sustainability. It's clearly been another strong quarter, including some outperformance against peers. The market conditions are unusually supportive and consensus looks like it's anticipating something like a 20% to 25% decline in the FICC revenue pool by 2023 compared to what we've seen over the last four quarters. And applying that to Deutsche Bank would suggest something like a €1,500,000,000 revenue headwind in the FICC business. So I'd be interested in your thoughts on the market outlook, how much share you've regained so far and also your aspirations for further franchise strengthening. And then the second area was on the impairment charge. So the Q3 charge was relatively low on the back of some assumption changes driving some releases. Interested if you could provide a little bit more detail there on how your thinking has evolved given the fluidity of the situation. And is there any change to your expectations for 20 21, which I think you previously described as moderate normalization? And then for this year, you just mentioned Q4 charge similar to Q3. Can I just clarify whether that's the sort of the Stage 3 charge or the net charge that you took in Q3? So that's 25 basis points versus 37 basis points. Thank you. Thanks, Ruid. It's Christian. I think I take the first question and then James will address the second one. With regard to the sustainability of the Investment Banking revenues, I referenced also the answers we gave already in Q2. And again, in Q3, we can clearly see that the main driver for the improvement in the Investment Banking Revenues is really sustainable, and that is the result of our focused strategy. And in my view and in our view, Q3 is actually the best evidence because markets started actually to normalize exactly what we said at the end of Q2. And in that market, we have outperformed. And that is a clear function of the focus we have given ourselves. Now about 80% of the revenues we generate in business where we definitely have a leading market position. We see in particular in times like these that clients then tend to do transactions with institutions where they are in the top 5 in the industry, and that's exactly what we have in 80% of our revenues. In the FICC business, again, let me highlight some franchises where we invested in people, in IT, also in overall resources. Look at rates, we clearly benefited, and that is now since 12 months from new hires, from a very strong risk discipline and clearly from the fact what we also outlined for the last 3 or 4 quarters that we can see a reengagement of clients, which is continuously going on and where we clearly see the momentum not only in Q3, but it's ongoing. In Emerging Markets, again, a strong recovery, admittedly from a rather relatively weak position in Q3 2019, but also again driven by client reengagement. We can see it by the underlying trade flow, by the underlying transactions. And clearly also by picking the right management team and the leadership structure. In O and A, I think we have now shown the highest market share for 6 quarters and there with the recovery across almost all our franchises. And if you see here again the underlying client activity steps, which we measure globally, I'm actually not surprised by the development which we have seen in Q3. That was a trend which was indicated already in Q4 last year. Momentum was picking further up in Q1, Q2, and we have the result in Q3. And if I look at the pipeline, which Mark Fedorzic is showing me, I can see the momentum continuing into Q4. So I think overall, this is the Investment Banking revenues which we see is very much a sustainable story, clearly driven by a strong focus, which we have given ourselves by the leadership, which is done by Mark and Ram. And so we remain confident that there is good underlying momentum in the IB, which continues and which, in our view, will carry on into 2021. And Rohit, it's James. On your questions on impairments, which I take to mean credit loss provisions. We've mentioned in the past that 2021, we would expect to be still elevated, but below the level of 2020. And of course, that's subject to all the usual caveats around the outlook, the macroeconomic world that we'll live in. I would expect the 4th quarter number, which we say is in line with the 3rd quarter, That is a net number, in other words of Stage 3 events, net of unexpected Stage 1 and Stage 2 release. So I'd expect that pattern to also be quite similar to the 2nd to the 3rd quarter. And look, I would point you out point out a few things. One is there's some disclosure in our earnings report starting on Page 39, which gives you some sense of the variables that feed into the model. Of course, we will follow consensus in how we build our provisions as we go through time. But I'd also point out to you the overlay as we call it sort of a management adjustment to the conservative that we've built in, in Q3, reflecting uncertainties in the outlook. So with all of that said, we're comfortable, very comfortable with our position as we finish the quarter. Thank you very much. The next question comes from the line of Daniel Brupbacher with UBS. Please go ahead. Good afternoon. Thank you. I had a few questions on net interest income. And I mean, in general, when I look at revenues in the Corporate Bank and the Private Bank, there's still some pressure there. I guess it's mainly NII. And also the loan book overall for the group is going down now again for 2 quarters in a row and there's obviously some other headwinds. So if you could just share your thoughts with us when it comes to volume growth, margin developments going forward? And could you also remind us of the TLTRO benefits and when that will come through? And probably, any initiatives you can highlight to us on the fee income side, which are intended to compensate at least some of the NII pressure, that would be helpful. Thank you. Yes. Daniel, thanks. Let me start on the Corporate Bank and Private Bank, and James will talk about the NII and TLTRO. First of all, both divisions and the performance of the Corporate Bank as well as the Private Bank is absolutely in line with our internal plans, which is, in my view, quite a good result given the additional headwinds, which we have in particular from the interest rate side this year and which was obviously not priced in when we have given ourselves the plan at the end of 2019. Also in the Corporate Bank, which you referred to at the start of your question, I mean, we are FX adjusted 2% down, which again also compared to the peers in the market, is a satisfactory result. If you go to the details in the Corporate Bank, I think the Corporate Bank in Germany has performed actually very well with revenues even slightly up year over year. Of course, we feel the pressure in the cash management from the interest rate. But also there, we are clearly ahead of the goal which we have given ourselves with passing on the negative interest rates to our clients. And again, we also keep here the momentum. And therefore, I can see that the strategy which we have given ourselves is actually working and is compensating for the further headwinds. One comment on the loan book. Of course, we see a reduction in the loan book, in particular, in the corporate sector compared to the end of the Q1, where we had a lot of utilization, a lot of drawdowns. There you can also see the actually the issuances in the Capital Markets, which were partially used to repay us. But the good thing is now also with the capital ratio, that we have the powder in order to actually once the risk appetite is there where we feel we are confident to now bring additional resources in, we have that dry powder, both for the corporate bank. For the private bank, we see actually an increasing loan book, but also for parts of the investment bank. And Daniela, it's James. On the net interest income environment, of course, it's a challenging environment for banks in terms of the net income, net interest income development given the rate environment. In our case, I would say, and this feeds on what Christian just said, in Corporate Bank and Private Bank, if you look at their margins, they've actually been relatively stable. Of course, declining a little bit, but on balance stable. The group net interest margin declined quite a lot in the quarter. There are a couple of unusual items that are going on there. On the one hand, there's an asymmetry in the accounting for the U. S. Dollar funding that we earn with swaps or that we arrange through swaps. And so the recognition of the U. S. Dollar interest revenue, the associated funding costs is split between the net interest income and the other income lines. So you see part of the downward pressure is in corporate and other, less to do with the businesses. The other thing sequentially was there were some episodic items that fell in the net interest income line in the second quarter. And so it's really not representative of the overall performance or of the sort of economic impact to Deutsche Bank of those lines. Christian spoke to loan growth. I would reiterate as well, there's obviously a degree of loan growth that's episodic in the marketplace. And we've had some declines in repayments of committed credit facilities that of course has influenced the balances as well. At the moment, we're accruing on the TLTRO funding, at the negative 50 basis point rate. So we're not accruing the incentive fee. We don't expect to accrue that in 2020, but it would be an increment to revenues in 2021. And then on the fee income side to your question there, of course, the businesses are working hard as you'd expect in this environment with bank revenues from the balance sheet from interest income under pressure. We have to respond by building fee and commission revenue sources and of course focusing on the expense line. In those fee and commission revenue sources, we feel well positioned. We talked about the Investment Bank performance, but also in Private Bank and in Asset Management. Through Investment Products, Assets Under Management, we generate, I think, strong performance in those areas and income sources that helps to shield a little bit the overall revenues from the interest rate environment. Thank you very much. The next question comes from the line of Adam Terolak with Mediobanca. Please go ahead. Good morning. I had one on capital and then a follow-up on the Corporate Bank. On capital, I just wanted the moving parts of how we should think about capital moving from here. Could you give us the current view on the timing and size of the intangibles relief, but also TRIM opposite that and what the envelope and timing of that could be as well as planning assumptions for credit migration over the next year or 2? And then on the Corporate Bank, I just wanted to think about revenues on a q on q basis. Clearly, there's a bit of FX in there, but NII has stepped down pretty materially. I want to understand the moving parts there. But you also in the report outlook statement, you're talking about favorable recurring items in 9 months 2020 revenues. And what will this look like into next year? And whether that will be a drag on the corporate bank's top line in 2021 versus 2020? Thank you. Sure, Adam. A lot to cover in that question too. I hope I can capture it all. First of all, on the CET1 outlook, as things stand and we've tried to give you as much visibility as we have as time goes on, from the 13.3% that we finished the Q3, we would expect about 30 basis points of pressure from regulatory items net during the quarter. Everything else at this point, we would probably say is plus or minus 10 basis points in the ratio. And so we would end the quarter in and around the 13% end the year, I'm sorry, in and around the 13% level based on everything we see at the moment. Baked into that is the assumption that we would recover some of the capital that's currently deducted on software intangibles. There's a bit of an improvement based on the, I think the final proposal from the EBA, extending the essentially the non deduction of capital over 3 years and that's built into the assumptions I just gave. So a little bit of upside there. TRIM timing and impact, it's gone back to a current expectation that the TRIM decisions we expected this year will happen this year. They relate to banks and large corporates. We called that out for about $6,000,000,000 of RWA inflation from that event. That is expected this year. The other TRIM impacts are expected now in 2021. And I'd say our guidance remains more or less in line with the earlier guidance that we provided there. In terms of the Corporate Bank revenue performance, we've spoken about the sort of episodic revenues. They're not necessarily predictable, and they come in a lot of different flavors. But one of them is recoveries on credit insurance and that of course depends on the underlying events. So we talk about that. It tends to be in a range between say $100,000,000 in revenues per quarter. And so that explains some of the variation that you see in that business. And including also the sequential difference between Q2 and Q3 for the Corporate Bank. And as I say, it's hard to predict, but by and large, you're looking at a stable revenue base, perhaps a little bit below where we were in the Q3 and it can be influenced up by these episodic revenues. And that's before some of the drivers of growth that Christian talked about earlier. So obviously, we're fighting through the headwinds from interest rates in that business, particularly by the way U. S. Dollar rates this year in 2020. So when we talk about a minus 2x FX, we think of that as strong performance given that now we've been we've battled through really 2 set rounds of U. S. Dollar rate declines. And really the U. S. Dollar impact is pretty much built into our run rate now, in the Q3. So year on year, next year, there's probably a little more to come given that that rate move hadn't taken place in the Q1. But on a run rate basis in the second third quarters, it's largely filtered through the U. S. Dollar piece. Hope that helps. Thank you much. The next question comes from the line of Magdalena Stoklosa with Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead. I've got 2 questions. 1 is still on capital and another one is on costs. So on the capital, of course, we've run through the moving parts. But could you just remind us what would be your management capital target for 2021? Kind of what would you consider the right level for you to be operating on the CET1 kind of ratios as you prepare to pay dividends from earnings from that year? So that's the first question. And the second question, I mean, your cost delivery kind of continues delivering very, very well. And I'm just wondering, as you think about 2021, how has kind of COVID impacted your ability to execute? I think a couple of months ago, you talked about potential for lower attrition as a reason for potentially kind of higher severance costs kind of next year? How can you just share your most recent thinking there? And maybe if I could squeeze the last one. It's on the PB, where I kind of thought that the kind of revenue trajectory was actually quite good from a perspective of what we're actually facing on the rate side and on the macro side. But I was quite interested from the perspective of your mix shift or as much as possible, your mix shift kind towards a piece in that division, particularly on the sale of investment products. Could you kind of give us a sense what are your initiatives there? Thank you. Thanks, Magdalena. On capital briefly, you've seen in our sort of outlook statements the reference to the 12.5% level. I think that represents still a good guideline. I think we'd like to run a margin above that, a small buffer if you like. But it represents a solid level of capital for this company, especially in light of the business model changes and the risk profile that as you've seen have changed pretty dramatically over the past 5 or 6 quarters. I will say on the capital return front, what's remarkable thinking back to July of last year is despite all the movements that have taken place or changes in the environment and assumptions throughout, we have managed to navigate basically in line with the assumptions we set out at that time with some shifts in terms of timing that we've also kept you updated on. And if anything, we're running a little bit ahead or better than our capital outlook that we started off with. And as Christian mentioned, we think the businesses are running a little better than our original expectations, notwithstanding some of the challenges that have risen in the market environment. So lots of movements in the capital plan, but basically, we would be consistent with our initial expectations in July of last year, including positioning the company for distributions ultimately. On costs, COVID has I think net been a small benefit to costs this year, but again a lot of different moving elements of that. One element that is a headwind, if you like, is by and large increased the cost picture, as you mentioned, has been a decline in attrition of our full time equivalent employee base. And that is understandable in an environment like the one we've gone through where people face a lot of uncertainty, there's less labor market mobility. But it means that in order to sort of recapture, if you like, the glide path towards our FTE and ultimately, I think what the critical element here is the expense glide path. We need to look at other levers that can enable us to recapture that. As you've seen, the cost discipline has remained. We've been able to offset that. We naturally are formulating initiatives and executing on plans to make sure that we remain on that trajectory both on costs as well as FTE. And as you mentioned, that can result in slightly higher than originally expected restructuring and severance costs than we called for back in July of last year. But as I said in the prepared remarks, we have, I think an offset now, in terms of the total transformation effect based on lower DTA valuation adjustments, I think offsetting or more than offsetting increases in restructuring and severance. And Marcelino, on your private bank question, thanks for this. I think there are generally, I think in Q3, we have seen also a little bit of catch up from Q2, I. E, from the lockdowns, which we have seen in kind of across of Europe and with recovery in Q3, there was a bit of a kind of catch up from Q2, number 1. Number 2, we can see a clear trend. And you have seen that in our numbers that the demand for investment products is getting higher and higher. We have clearly made our sales push and marketing push into that area to convert deposits into investment products. And we can see that also in Germany, which is known to be a place where actually people are not that quite open for security investments, that this picture is turning step by step, and they ask for advisory. And I think that is exactly under the brand name Deutsche Bank what we can offer. Here we can see the success, and that is one of the key strategies going forward. If you see the plan going forward, we put a lot expectation on that business. And we can see that this is actually developing in line with plan, actually slightly ahead of plan. And we feel that the customers' demand in that is quite high. You can also see that, for instance, in DWS, with the earlier numbers, how much inflows we have seen. In particular, the demand for ESG products is there, which we can now kind of offer not only in terms of asset generation, but then also on the passive side, I. E, on the demand from our clients. And that again is a clear accelerator for that business. Great. Thank you very much. The next question is from the line of Yane Omahem with Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead. Good afternoon from my side as well. I've got 3 questions, please. The first one is on this repricing of deposits. And you said that you've managed to reprice $68,000,000,000 which is only a of your corporate deposit base and the run rate is $55 a quarter. So can you please elaborate just on this point as to, 1, what is the scope for repricing the remaining 3 quarters of this deposit base? And 2, what shape is this repricing taking place? I mean, is it as simple to say that annualizing €55,000,000 over €68,000,000,000 is negative 33 basis points, but that's now the negative rate charged to your corporate depositors or if it's more complicated than that. So that would be question number 1. Question number 2 would be, James, I guess, more on your what I interpret to be an upbeat tone on the outlook for credit losses, the outlook for provisions. I mean, it looks like Germany is going into a second lockdown. What is the argument against saying the credit losses for next year should be at least as high as credit losses for this year. So I guess that would be the second one. And then the third one, I guess like the Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Let's leave it there, A, for time and B, we can't hear you particularly well, so let's just stop it there, okay? Let's go through those. Thanks. So Jernay, the answer to your first question on repricing is it is more complicated. The number that we disclosed, the $68,000,000,000 refers to balances in client accounts in respect of which we have charging agreements in place. So in that $68,000,000 will be some balances that are underneath the threshold that we agree with the client. And there'll be other factors in it, but basically that's the main driver of that you can't multiply the balance by a rate. And of course, that goes up and down based on client behavior within those balances. To your point about how much can be repriced, I'll refer you back to Slide 7 of the investor deep dive deck back in December of last year, where we pointed out that first of all, the universe that we can reprice will be the equivalent of current accounts. So excludes time deposit, excludes dollars. And then of course, as we mentioned, we do agree with clients thresholds that reward them for their relationship with DB and hopefully is a sign of additional business that they do with the company. And so if you then say it's only the balances above those thresholds on average that can be charged, you get a smaller universe. I'd say there is still some distance to go. We have repriced the largest accounts from institutional to large corporates and we continue to work through sort of commercial and smaller accounts over time. I'd say the impact of that will diminish, but given that we originally called for $100,000,000 annualized impact, we're now running at over $200,000,000 dollars and we still have a little bit left to go in terms of both balances and revenue impact. We're really pleased frankly with the progress that we've made in this area. In terms of the CLP outlook, I don't want to I wouldn't characterize it as upbeat. I think we've been quite consistent all the way going all the way back to April, which was in the period of time of greatest uncertainty, frankly, where we laid out quite clearly what we saw in the portfolio. Stuart Lewis, the risk team have done an outstanding job just understanding the portfolio in a granular level. And also then engaging with clients as we've worked through moratoria, forbearance and other mitigation steps, we've had a really good handle on the impact of the portfolio on the portfolio throughout. And I think also the modeling element here of the expected loss has proved quite good as well. Now as I mentioned, we give you the assumptions in the earnings report that we're using now. It's based on consensus. There is some sensitivity around that built into our modeling. And of course, if consensus were to deteriorate in the 3rd quarter, naturally that would be impact that would impact our ECL and therefore the credit loss provision. But I'd also point out that this overlay that gives us I think a measure of conservatism as we travel into Q4. 2021, of course, there's still uncertainty about the outlook, but we're not seeing the sort of the type of deterioration in the book that you might expect. And we don't see cliff events in when moratoria come to an end, the payment patterns have been normal. Of course, there are individual defaults and there's restructuring that we engage in, but we're not seeing at this point a broad brush deterioration. You're going to point out that it's early to say whether this next wave of COVID will result in a more significant deterioration of the macroeconomic environment than we currently expect and that's true. But we're not at this point seeing the type of concerns that you would have. And I think the last point, Irena, I would always draw your attention back to the allowance for loan losses. The comparability of the CLP basis points, which for us stands at 47 basis points in the year to date, That reflects simply the mix in our portfolio that we've always talked about conservative underwriting. Other companies will have different mix of risks in their books. What we've looked at is a comparison of the allowance for loan losses relative to the portfolio and we think we're pretty much in line adjusted for the exposure to unsecured consumer credit that we had we have. And as you've also seen in the risk deep dive in June, we've tried to provide you with some disclosure to help translate, if you like, the Pillar 3 disclosure into a level of provisioning against the net risks in the book after things like guarantees, collateral and other credit protections. And again, all of that feeds into the CLP numbers that we book and also our assessment of the outlook. The next question comes from the line of Jeremy Siggy with Exane BNP Paribas. Please go ahead. Hello. Thank you. Two questions, please. So the first one is you're currently in profit at the 9 month stage, which wasn't expected. And I just wondered what your prospects are for making a profit, a positive number for the full year now? And how important that is to you either sort of symbolically or whether it has any practical consequences such that it might be something that you sort of actively try to manage towards to the extent that you have discretion with 4Q bookings? So that's my first question. And then the second question really, you mentioned a few areas of cost saving. There's the additional branch reductions and you sort of indicated other areas where you see scope for cost reductions beyond what was originally in your plans. I wonder if you could begin to sort of quantify some of those for us both in terms of the saving but also the restructuring charges. Jeremy, let me start with the outlook on the full year. Yes, we are targeting a pretax profit. I think it would be abnormal if we have outperformed ourselves, so to say, in our internal plan for the 1st 9 months and then we go away from our ambition to post a pretax profit for year end. We feel confident that we can achieve that. But as James also pointed out, Q4 is seasonally a different quarter. We may also have the 1 or the other additional restructuring costs in order to go for further cost cuts than in 2021 2022. But we are confident based on what we are seeing and based on the 1st 9 months that a pretax profit is definitely achievable. Post tax, difficult to say because there are variables on DTAs and other stuff. So that is far too early. But we said that we have the target of being pretax profitable, and we obviously hold on to that statement. Jeremy, on the restructuring and severance, look, we are working hard as you've seen this year to put the transformation effects behind us. We just number of 80% of the around $8,000,000,000 of total transformation effects that we estimated around this restructuring that we initiated in July of last year. We are seeking to put as much of that behind us as quickly as possible. And as I indicated, there may be higher restructuring and severance. We're actually at this point the restructuring and severance that we initially called for the full year. And we do expect more restructuring and severance in the Q4. I'm not sure exactly where that would run, but in a ballpark, perhaps $100,000,000 in the Q4. And as we go through our planning this year, we're going to see and then update you how much of that is pulled forward from 2021, how much of that will be ultimately incremental to what we've guided to. But of course, as I mentioned, there is this offset in DTA, which means that the 80% is still a pretty good number. As to your the longer term question, look, some of the initiatives that we now formulate and execute will have impacts beyond 2022. We've been very focused on the glide path to the $17,000,000,000 of expenses in 2022. But obviously, as you find new opportunities, you execute on decisions, it should give us some scope to continue driving efficiencies. I wouldn't want to commit to near term impacts of these additional initiatives because we think we've got a lot of wood to chop still executing on what we set ourselves for the next 2 years. But I think it's encouraging that the company has, as we talked about in Q2, accelerated the cadence of decision making, of execution and is working hard to deliver the benefits that we've committed in the financial model. Thank you. Sorry, can I just your line broke up a bit when you said the number? Did you say EUR 300,000,000 additional restructuring in 4Q? I said €200,000,000 and that is against the €300,000,000 less DTA than we originally were calling for in 2020. Understood. Thank you very much indeed. Thank you. The next question comes from the line of Jon Peace with Credit Suisse. Please go ahead. Yes, thank you. So I just wanted to ask a couple of questions about revenue. Firstly, on Slide 3, where you give us the split by division and your 2022 target. How different do you think that split will look in 2022? It doesn't sound from what you're saying today like you expect a great deal of change, because I think Private Bank and Asset Management, you'd originally targeted relatively little growth. And it sounds like you're saying today that Investment Bank is reasonably sustainable. So it's Corporate a handful a handful of episodic items. You mentioned in corporate. I think also there was some insurance revenues in private bank, fair value of guarantees and asset management. I wondered if you could just help us quantify those. And was there anything at all lumpy in the FICC performance? It doesn't sound like it, but just to check. Thanks. Yes. Let me start, John, on Slide 3. Well, the first good news on Slide 3 is actually that we show very early in our transformation that the target which we have of around or the overall direction of around €24,000,000,000 to €24,500,000,000 of revenues is definitely achievable. We are happy with the balance of the bank. That means we won't change our strategy. Of course, there are always given market volatility, there are always little adjustments and little volatilities. But overall, I would say that from a directional point of view, in particular in the stable businesses, we keep the course. And as we said, a good part of the outperformance in the investment bank, we see as sustainable as we really invested into our core, core businesses and where we can see the underlying flow. But I wouldn't say that the composition of the revenues will materially change. Potentially, a slightly stronger investment bank like we indicated before, but overall in very much in the balance, which we told you on the IDD in 2019. And John, one other thing to add. We don't show on the page, but is included in the 24.1% is the corporate and other revenues, which have been a higher drag this year than you would typically expect based on the valuation and timing differences that we called out in the prepared remarks. In terms of the lumpiness of certain individual items, I would say, first of all, if it was material, we would disclose it as specific revenue items, so they don't cross our materiality threshold. They're not nothing that was individually material inside any of the businesses. I would say it was a favorable quarter in this regard that net net usually there's some things that go in your favor, stuff that goes against you. Net net, it was a favorable quarter. But it tended to be in things that are inherent parts of the business. So transactions that we were successful in FICC, but are ordinary course. We spoke to the episodic items in Corporate Bank. The Private Bank had a little bit of help, but again, inherent in the business around areas like the insurance premiums that you mentioned. So we wouldn't call it out as a major driver, but a modest help this quarter. Sure. Thank you. The next question comes from the line of Andrew Lim with Societe Generale. Please go ahead. Hi, thanks for taking my questions. So you've reiterated your adjusted cost guidance for this year and for 2022. I was wondering if you could give a bit more guidance for what you expect for next year. And then my second question is on taxes. So for your financial forecast, I think you're assuming a tax rate of 30% to 35%. And I was wondering why it has to be that high and if it should not decline in coming years as you make profits and especially if you utilize deferred tax assets? And then my third question is on your economic assumptions and how you provisioned against those. So if I look to some of your peers, they've got like 5 different economic forecasts, a baseline and then 2 worse, then 2 better. And then the provisions that they've made tend to be towards the low end, the more conservative set of assumptions. So I was wondering how you set yourself against that kind of process used by your peers? Thanks. So Andrew, I'll try to cover all 3 and Christian may want to add. Look, on the adjusted cost guidance for next year, I think it's early. We probably go through this in a little bit more detail with you at the Investor Deep Dive. I would say next year is probably again a little bit of an investment year as we build to the benefits that we expect to deliver in 2022. So I wouldn't say it's going to be linear all the time, but we are working to keep a sequential and a year on year glide path through to our targets in 2022. On the tax rate, it is high and the simple answer is higher pretax profit brings the tax rate down closer to the normalized range, which we've guided in the past to be in the low 30s. You can see that now in the Q3, we've had many quarters in which we've had very high tax rates. But in now the closer to the mid to high 30s, it is, I think, reflecting where that would ultimately trend to with more normalized earnings. As it relates to the economic assumptions, we build sensitivity into our the modeling rather than calling out 5 different scenarios and trying to take some weighted or median of those scenarios. So we do think our ECL numbers are sensitive to the uncertainty in the environment. While we base the model inputs on the consensus that we provide in the earnings report. Thanks. I mean, could I just chase down a bit more on this tax rate? I mean, the German corporate tax rate is 15%. And as you make more profits, I mean, to stick at the low 30s still seems really high and it doesn't quite make sense. Could you give a bit more color on that? Well, you're going to get me into uncharted territory, but it's the federal rate that's 15%. So there are other taxes payable in Germany that drives up the German rate actually considerably higher. The German rate that we have, the blended rate in Germany is I think already into the 30s. And then the group blended statutory rate, of course then reflects the mix of pretax profit we have around the company. So the United States, places in Asia, including India, which is relatively high, all is part of the group's blended statutory rate. That was great. Thank you very much. The next question is from the line of Anke Rangan with RBC. Please go ahead. Yes. Thank you very much for my question. I just have 2 follow-up questions. Firstly, on the capital return and the dividend, I reiterated that you wouldn't want to resume in 2022 with a competitive payout ratio. But when you go into 2021 or at year end 2021, what main criteria are you looking at as in could you resume the then payments earlier? Is it a capital ratio or what other factors would you take into account? And then secondly, on the Corporate Center, can you please give us some indication about the normalized run rate? Thank you very much. Sure. Thank you. Look, the criteria are clearly both the starting point capital and our outlook for the future. Capital distributions need to be prudent in light of the risks that management foresees in the future. And that's something of course that our regulators have a point of view on as well. So that will depend on where we stand a year or a year and a half from now. But as I mentioned earlier, from where we stand today, the glide path that we'd set ourselves on a year and a half ago, it seems to be very much intact. The corporate center items I've been through in the past, there are some levels of this drag on earnings, some elements that are in fact recurring. I think the most sort of the most recurring of which is the shareholder expenses, which run-in the $90,000,000 to 100,000,000 per quarter. Funding and liquidity, we've called out based on the adjustment in transfer pricing should run around $200,000,000 maybe a little higher per year. The other items, non controlling interest is simply an accounting move of the DWS minority interest. And valuation and timing should sort of oscillate around 0 as we manage the risks on the balance sheet and as I mentioned was unusually high this quarter. The other item is also unusually high this quarter as it represents higher than expected expenses in the infrastructure areas as well as the transformation charge that we booked on real estate in the U. S. So short version of all that, I would not tell you to run rate the 400 negative EBIT here. It is much less than that typically sort of around half or less than of the Q4 of the Q3 level. Thank you very much. The next question comes from the line of Andrew Coombs with Citi. Please go ahead. Yes, afternoon. One question, one follow-up. Perhaps just to tackle the only division we've not focused on, CRU. You've outperformed your revenue run rate guidance for 3 consecutive quarters. So why the caution? Why do you think you'll revert to that previous run rate that you guided to? And then second one, a follow-up on Investment Banking revenues. Perhaps to ask the first question you had in a slightly different way. If you look at 9 month 2020 revenues, they're already in line with full year 2018, full year 2019 revenues and fixed income. I think you said that you felt your market share was the highest you've been for 6 quarters, so you're kind of back to 2018 market share levels. So if the fixed income industry wallet were to fall back to 2018 levels next year, do you think you generate higher revenues than you generated in 2018 or lower revenues? Thank you. Let me start with, Andrew, with the Investment Banking revenues. Again, I always say that what I said for the last 2 or 3 quarters. First of all, after the history which we had over the last 3 or 4 years with the transformation, in a certain sense, Andrew, we are running now our own race. We have reestablished ourselves. We have stabilized. We have, in many sense, a very complete new leadership team, which set this function up in a different way, focus clearly on those businesses where we can feel that the clients want to trade with us, want to do business with us. And therefore, even if you take the wallet on the one hand, just from the momentum we have in the business with the reengagement of the clients, you have to see if you just take the list of clients coming back to Deutsche Bank, compare that how many clients post trading with us after 2016, then this is a massive underlying transaction volume, which we actually have. And therefore, I can comfortably say that I expect that the 20 year that the future revenues in the fixed income business will be higher than the 2018 business because we can simply see the day to day and underlying trading volume and the transaction flow. And again, in businesses where we are leading and where we are now focusing on, on putting either technology investments in or other resources or we also obviously do certain hiring. So I'm very positive on that. But you I think Deutsche Bank has obviously history from the last 3 or 4 years, and that should not be forgotten if you now see actually not only the stabilizing, but the improving trend. Now the CRU revenues, look, that team, I think, has done an outstanding job over the last 5 quarters working on the deleveraging, working on costs, also working on operational aspects of the CRU, whether it's closing books or closing down operational risks. When we think about the revenues though, they have a pipeline of transactions that they're working on with an expectation of the economic impact of those. As you point out, in recent quarters, we appear to have done better, executing on the derisking in terms of its cost than we might have anticipated. But we'd like to be conservative and preserve the room to be able to execute on de risking opportunities as we see those opportunities in the marketplace, even if they might drive some negative place, even if they might drive some negative revenues. So we hope it's conservative, but we want to create the room in terms of your expectations to ensure we remain on track here. Thank you, Barry. The next question comes from the line of Annette Gill with Barclays. Please go ahead. Hi, thank you. So I've got just some questions on cost and personnel development within the IB. So I guess just for the IB, clearly revenues have been much stronger 1st 9 months of this year versus last year. But and then costs have been very well controlled. I just want to understand a bit better how much of that is driven by some of the restrictions potentially on compensation that may be in place this year and or how to think about that going forward? And then secondly, just in terms of when I'm looking at the movements in employee numbers, I'm seeing the front office FTEs dropping quite substantially, but the overall total number of employees increasing a reasonable amount. So just trying to understand that shift and what it may mean in terms of how you manage that business going forward? Thank you. Yes. Amit, let me start on the cost side for the Investment Bank. I think we said last year already that, in particular, the restructuring started on the front office. We did a lot in the year 2019, and that obviously is now coming fully through in 2020. So all that what we said in the IDD, what was done with the front office rightsizing is now obviously paying off. We are also obviously doing a lot on the technology side and also they're investing on the one hand. On the other hand, then decommissioning applications, which is cost saving and will be cost saving going forward. So in the Investment Bank, we are actually absolutely in line with our cost targets. And by the way, that is not actually affecting the comp, which is which we accrue for the people which are on the platform. In this regard, we obviously we know we need to pay competitive and in a fair way. And that will happen if the performance is kept. And then on the headcount trajectory, look, much of the hiring that is going on underlying has been in areas like the technology organization, like anti financial crime and KYC, where we've been making technology and control investments. And so that feels flows through into the difference that you're referring to. Okay. Thank you. Should we expect FTEs to remain broadly stable from here for the front office? Yes. I mean, on the well, we have to be very careful. On the Investment Bank, yes, we always said that the main reductions have been done in 2019. Of course, there's always a little bit of fine tuning here and there. But overall, yes, you're right. That is not the case, for instance, for the private bank, where we are now obviously going through the full merger with Postbank. That will also have an impact then on the front office and distribution channels. So it's different from business to business. But overall, we really started with the cuts on the front office side and always said, like in the IDD, that the infrastructure functions are following, and that's what we are seeing. Okay. Thank you. The final question today is from the line of Stuart Graham with Autonomous. Please go ahead. Thank you for taking my questions. First, well done on the FICC revenues, much better than I thought you'd do in Q3. Given these very strong FICC results, a piece of €350,000,000 and the ongoing high level of macro uncertainty, I guess I'm surprised you felt the need to release €135,000,000 of Stage 1 and Stage 2 provisions. But now outside, I'd have thought of prudent things to do would have been to recycle a much better fixed revenues into stronger provision coverage. So I guess my first question is why did you choose not to do that? And then my second question is specifically on commercial real estate. Can you give us some updated figures on asset quality please? How much is in Stage 3? I think it was €1,700,000,000 at Q2. And how much is in voluntary forbearance? I think it was €5,000,000,000 at Q2. Thank you. Stuart, hi, it's James. On the CLPs, look, I'd say 2 things. 1 is the ECL for stages 12, we follow the model. And so that gives us insight into what the release should be based on the model. We did, as we mentioned, execute a management adjustment or an overlay to the conservative to, if you like, restrain what the model's result would have been. I don't see it as necessarily corresponding to the revenue environment. If you do that, it is it's not frankly following the accounting standards. We think we've built the appropriate provision. It's prudent with a management overlay and something that reflects, the outlook and all of the information that we had at that time. Estate, we did update the disclosure in the earnings report on the overall commercial real estate portfolio. I think it is actually evolved as we expected. We think the trajectory there is manageable. I don't actually have the immediate Stage 3 numbers for you in that portfolio, which we can follow-up on. But I can say more broadly, we're seeing small numbers of defaults over time as you'd expect. We're working with sponsors to manage through this environment and we're seeing overall favorable behavior in this environment. And the losses have continued to track well within our expectations and stress tolerance. I hope that helps. Okay. Maybe if I could follow-up with IR on those numbers, that would be great. Thank you. Yes, Stuart. We'll follow-up with you on that, and we'll also follow-up with the other people that are unfortunately in the question queue, but we've run out of time for. You know where the IR team is if you need us. Otherwise, we very much look forward to speaking to you and seeing you all on the 9th December at our Investor Deep Dive. Take care and see you soon.