Good afternoon and welcome to Kemira's Q3 results webcast. My name is Mikko Pohjala, and I'm from Kemira's Investor Relations. We continue our social distancing measures today, and as in the previous quarters, we only have a webcast from our headquarters here in Helsinki. Here with me, I have our President and CEO, Jari Rosendal, as well as our CFO, Petri Castrén. Earlier today, we published our Q3 results for the January-September period, and in addition, we announced that the board has made a resolution on the second installment of the dividend. During the webcast, Jari and Petri will go through Q3, the main events, after which you'll have the chance to ask questions either via the teleconference or then via the webcast tool. Without much further ado, Jari, please go ahead.
Okay. Thank you, Mikko. Good afternoon from my side also. As you've seen from our numbers, we have continued performing well despite the special circumstances of the COVID-19 and the economic downturn it has caused. Q3 operating conditions was mainly a continuation of Q2, but now we are operating more steadily, as in Q2 we were still learning the new circumstances. Unfortunately, after the summer, the pandemic situation around the world has again gone to the wrong direction except in China, so these conditions will prevail for some time to go. All in all, I'm pleased how we have been performing during these special times. Some of the Q3 highlights. As said, continued operating all our plants and there has been no disruption in supply chain or raw material availability.
Our revenue has come down, but mainly from oil and gas and printing and writing applications, and those have been hit most by the pandemic effects. Profitability, however, was good as some raw materials helped us, but also majorly our own self-help actions have been helping us. We've been doing a lot of self-help during the last years, and that's now carrying and contributing and helping our profitability. We reach a operative EBITDA of EUR 113 million and 18.9% of revenue, which I'm really pleased about. We also updated our outlook in early October and basically returned to the original outlook for the year. As Mikko mentioned, the board decided on the second installment of the dividend. Let's look at the main figures of Q3 on a group level. Revenue EUR 597 million, down 13% year-on-year, and as said, mostly from oil and gas and printing and writing applications.
Without oil and gas, the organic drop of revenue was 5%. As said, operating profit strong. Even if the revenue dropped, we got some help and really the efficiencies also from our new investments that started late last year and early this year are really contributing now and the ramp-up is going well. Earnings per share, EUR 0.24 and strong cash flow. Wanted to talk about a bit of the longer perspective. We have done a lot of self-help actions during the past years, and many actions have small increments. It takes time to get into run rate profitability. During the second half of 2019, most actions started to be in or just coming in, and that got us to a good run rate start from the beginning of the year, which was good and supporting this difficult situation that started then in March.
Progress is clear, what you can see from the graph, and there are seasonalities between the quarters. For instance, the last quarter of last year, we had some startup costs of new plants. Some fluctuation sometimes, but you can see the clear trend in profitability developed. Looking at Pulp & Paper, had a strong quarter. Demand has continued fairly resilient in the big picture, especially pulp, packaging, and tissue is resilient and as said, printing and writing down 16% year-on-year as people are working remotely and newsprint and advertising papers are down. Revenue EUR 352 million, only 5% down organically. Also, there were maintenance shutdowns by the customers in Q3, which normally hits Q2, but now they were delayed because of COVID-19. The new plant, AKD plant in China, continued to ramp up well and is contributing nicely to the bottom line.
Our AKD business before this plant was not very profitable and not meeting our targets, but with this investment, we now get it to a reasonable level, not stellar, but a reasonable level. That's now part of the improvement compared to last year. It's also a bio-based sizing product, it's in the heart of our strategy. As a reminder, with this new plant, we insourced some manufacturing steps that we were buying from outside, which created more costs for us. Now this benefit is shown in the variable cost. We also in Q3 received a emission trading right compensation that then benefited this quarter more than normal. Looking at Industry & Water, water treatment chemicals are always needed that supports I&W even if the oil and gas demand is down. Municipal water treatment demand remains steady. Actually up year-to-date, couple of percentage points.
Industrial water treatment recovered some from Q2, also some recovery in shale in Q2, not huge, but still the right direction. Organic revenue down 18%, most drop from oil and gas. Still, operative EBITDA reached EUR 47.6 million and 19.5% from revenue. The new line for special polymers for CEOR applications in Netherlands is running now nicely and contributed to the profitability as we again, in this case, insourced some outsourced steps earlier. That is going according to our investment plan as designed. A bit deeper look into oil and gas. Shale demand, as said, still low, but recovered some from Q2. You can see that we bottomed at EUR 27 million of revenue in Q2 and now EUR 41 million in Q3, but then you compare to 2019 run rate level, still low, but going to the right direction.
Oil sands tailings treatment demand also down compared to 2019 as customers were saving cash this year. That's because of the oil price real volatility in the first quarter. The oil sands demand should return to normal next year. It's a long-term thing. They need decades to treat those legacy tailings. The tailings treatment season has now ended as winter is coming. The next season starts in April, when the snows and ice melts. CEOR, no changes in demand. Actually, year to date, we are even up 3% in revenue, even if the pricing has gone down through to formula pricing in those contracts. We signed a multi-year continuation in CEOR with Ithaca Energy that operates at the North Sea. This secures good volumes for us for the next years to come and good load to the new line that we have in Botlek.
Short-term, we continue to focus on mitigating the effects of the pandemic. So far we have succeeded well. When things allow, we start gradually returning to office. However, during last weeks, as you have seen, the situation has worsened in many countries. We are being conservative and staying safe, tight control on cost and running operations, and realize the benefits of our new investments. Medium to longer-term focus areas, keep meeting our financial targets, focus more on profitable growth, continue to construct the polymer plants in U.S. and in South Korea, the expansion for bleaching capacity in Uruguay to support the UPM new pulp mill. All customers are placing increasing focus on sustainability in their operations and in their products. We have increased Kemira R&D focus on barrier-based products going forward and supporting recyclability.
Finally, I'd really like to thank the Kemira staff for a good quarter. That's my summary for Q3. Next, Petri will give some more color on the financials.
Very good. Thank you, Jari. The quarterly report for Q3 has a lot of the same themes as we had in Q2, meaning strong profitability, and I'll talk about the drivers behind that. Lower volumes, on the other hand, obviously driven by the COVID-induced economic downturn, and our good cash flow and capital efficiency. I will also touch on the outlook and then assumptions behind it for the full year and second half of the year. Looking at this traditional profitability bridge, revenue declined 13%, as Jari mentioned, mostly due to lower volumes. However, with the 3% impact from FX, the currency impact is primarily because of the weakening U.S. dollar during the quarter.
As Jari mentioned, main customer segments where volumes declined were oil and gas, particularly shale and oil sands, then printing and writing, and then within the water treatment, to some lesser extent, in industrial water treatment. Average prices held very nicely in this environment. Top line was impacted by less than one percentage point from price reductions compared to a period a year ago. Big picture continues to be the same. Decline in sales volumes primarily due to this COVID and related economic downturn. As well as the benefit that we have been able to secure through variable costs. Now, Jari talked about the self-help items, let me spend a bit more time into what all goes into this line item variable costs. I can categorize them into four categories.
One, our own actions, like the efficiencies that we are getting from China and in Netherlands and from these new investments. Second item that is visible in this variable cost is the pass-through items. We sell caustic with a pass-through pricing, and also we have some items like electricity costs, which are really passed on to the customers in short order. Of course, the raw material price fluctuation, and there's always the other. The other has some items like change in bad debts, inventory accruals, and other. Own actions give typically permanent long-term help. Now we can say that the combined annual cost saving from the two investments that Jari talked about is now EUR 5 million compared to a year ago. Obviously, if you analyze that by simple math, it's a run rate of about EUR 20 million benefit.
Obviously, Q3 last year was also a good year from the profitability point of view. These pass-through items do not really help us as the benefit is passed to the customer either immediately or with a very short time lag. Raw material prices, obviously they tend to fluctuate, and this fluctuation has been favorable to us recently. We are seeing the biggest benefit in oil-based raw materials, and that's visible in the polymer prices. Jari gave an example of already formula-based pricing in CEOR. Then other parts, they are something that has items that we can impact. For example, now we're having lower inventory write-offs compared to the period of a year ago. If you remember, a year ago, we were starting up both the Netherlands and the China investments.
Initially, we actually had some inventory write-offs. That's helping us as well. There's also another positive one-off type item benefiting this quarter, and this is the emission compensation payment in Finland. This was obviously booked as a reduction in variable costs. This helps our Pulp & Paper segment as really the big electricity consumer in Finland is the chlorate plants in Finland. This is one of the reasons why we are calling Pulp & Paper quarterly performance exceptional from profitability point of view. There were also some other items, like interestingly, medical cost reversal, as people seemingly are going to doctors less often. This is actually something that we saw during the quarter as well. Fixed costs, we're getting a nice benefit here as well. Travel savings is something that most companies, if not all global companies, are reporting as a savings item.
For us, that's about 1/2 of the EUR 10 million fixed cost saving that you see in the picture is just simply reduced travel because of the various travel restrictions during this pandemic. On top of that, we are obviously doing our own actions on fixed cost side as well. Particularly in oil and gas, we have done headcount reductions. Elsewhere in the company as well, we have deliberately slowed down replacement hiring. As a result, our permanent headcount is now almost 100 employees down from six months ago. Obviously, that is starting to show in the costs. The drivers behind these charts were already quite well discussed. Variable costs came down, the net from these drivers continued to be nicely positive. Obviously, this is the one big driver supporting the profitability during the quarter.
Backward integration benefits from the AKD and specialty polymer investments. We expect them to continue to contribute in the coming quarters before they then establish a steady run rate. The year-on-year comparison becomes less significant. Still, we expect that to continue for a few quarters. Talking about raw material costs, currently, we expect that the outlook for raw materials is now towards slightly increasing raw material costs. Nothing dramatic, but still a small increase in the costs for 2021. Obviously, during this time, quite a bit of uncertainty regarding the economic activity and the raw material costs. Jari talked about the supply chains. Yes, they have continued to work very well. Obviously, the increasing number of COVID cases will raise the risk again.
I think us and the whole industry has learned to manage the supply chains quite well. Hard Brexit is obviously a risk for us in the coming quarter, and we expect that if the hard Brexit really takes place, there will be some local disruptions, but in the group level, the impact is not expected to be material. Moving to cash flow. Q3 cash flow was good. Year to date, we're now approximately at the same level with last year if you ignore the EUR 50 million one-time capital return that we received from our pension fund nearly last year. I may be repeating my comment from Q2, but I'm also continue to be very pleased about our receivable management. We have been able to maintain our receivable turnover ratio constant or actually even slightly improve during the Q2, even as the sales volumes have come down.
Inventory levels which I flagged at Q2 were at somewhat high level. They have come down during the quarter according to our plans. Finally, I also at this time of the year tend to remind that our net working capital and capital expenditure cycles make our cash generation typically second half weighted, particularly Q4 weighted. This year, I don't quite expect the same type of a big cash release that we saw last year, but still expect that the positive cash flow will continue at a good level. One example why this release will be smaller is that we are building some inventory buffer in preparation for hard Brexit. CapEx, nothing particular there. It's going as planned and with full year CapEx likely to land around EUR 200 million. Where it exactly lands obviously depends on the timing of some of the bigger expansion projects that we are underway now.
Little bit on the balance sheet gearing. Due to good profitability and good cash flow generation, net debt is down some EUR 80 million versus a year ago, versus last year. At the same time, leverage ratio has now fallen below 2x , first time for some years. Cost of borrowing, particularly in higher cost places like in China, has come down and that is reducing our borrowing costs or interest expense. Again, or finally, a reminder of our FX position as we now saw some FX impact in our numbers and now there has been quite a bit of a more focus on where the U.S. dollar, euro rate will fall. First of all, as you can see, we have a pretty good natural hedge in our business if you look at the revenue cost breakdown of our currencies.
For example, it is 34% of our revenues which are derived in U.S. dollars, but so is 32% of our costs. From that perspective, we have a nice, pretty good natural balance there. The U.S. dollar weakness or strength, but this time it's a more weakness recently, comes through primarily through translation of the U.S. profits as generating fewer euros. Year to date, the negative FX impact is EUR 4.6 million and about EUR 3 million of it came now in the third quarter. If you try to project into the future as a rough rule of thumb, EUR 0.01 in the exchange rate euro to U.S. dollar is roughly EUR 1 million bottom line impact on an annual basis for us.
That's the rough impact before hedging, so hedging activities may smoothen it a little bit so it doesn't always immediately come through the P&L, but that's roughly the type of exposure that we have to that currency pair. Like Jari mentioned, we updated the outlook on October 9th and due to the lower costs and improved outlook for shale business, we also revised our own estimates for full year 2020, and that outlook now states as operative EBITDA higher than the EUR 410 million that we had in 2019. Why we did, by our own interpretation, the market had sort of taken our earlier withdrawal of the original outlook as placing a gap on the profitability at EUR 410 million and therefore we felt it was prudent to update the market as soon as the quarter was closed and the full year forecast was revised and reviewed.
However, environment still continues to be difficult and uncertainties, so we expect H2 EBITDA will be lower than the H1 level. We felt that it was also important to leave that part of the guidance in place. Already mentioned the one change in the assumptions from Q2, meaning somewhat improved market for shale oil and gas. Otherwise, we expect that the overall demand for Kemira's end markets during the second half will be approximately at the Q2 level. Good. I'll like to, again, invite you all to our Capital Markets Day. We will host a virtual Capital Markets Day in less than one month's time. Please do join us in a virtual session November 19th, starting at 2:00 P.M. With that, I think we're ready to move to the Q&A session. Operator, please.
Thank you. If you do wish to ask a question, please press zero one on your telephone keypad. If you wish to withdraw it, you may do so by pressing zero two to cancel. That is zero one to register for a question. We have a question from Martin Roediger from Kepler Cheuvreux.
Hello. Good afternoon, Jari, Petri, Mikko. I'll start with two questions. Later on, I will queue up again. The first question is on the emission rights compensation. Can you mention the magnitude of it in Q3? Will this effect repeat in the quarters to come? Since when did you benefit from that emission rights compensation? Is it the first time or not? The second question is actually on selling prices, actually, because you mentioned that in CEOR you had a pass-through of low raw material costs. When I look at your chart on page 12, it seems to be that the same prices have been stable overall, which means that some other activities you have increased your selling prices sequentially. Can you help me to understand in which business units you did increase your selling prices sequentially? Thanks.
Yeah, I'll let Petri answer the first question, but maybe I'll answer the second one. In our CEOR business, we have such big volumes that the contract is based on a formula pricing. Some feedstock prices that we have coming into our raw materials, that goes as a formula to the customer prices. If feedstocks increase, our sales prices increase. If feedstocks come down, our sales prices go down. Same thing we have in oil sands, polymers, and in North American electrical prices for bleaching chemicals. That's the effect. There are some benefits also on sales prices, but that's more of a run rate comparison.
We were still working on some delayed price fixes this time of last year and as I said, that at the end of 2019, we got our run rate into the right shape with various things, and that small delta is visible now.
Okay. I'll try to cover this quickly, the emission cost. Obviously in EU, industries are either required to buy carbon credits, or then they need the certificates of origin for the electricity that you're consuming if it's fossil-free. As you may have seen, the carbon credits have gotten more expensive over the last few years. Obviously the EU allowance, the idea is that the industry within EU can compete efficiently against the competition that comes outside of EU. Finnish government is giving some compensation for industries in Finland under this, actually to less extent than in many other European countries. That's the underlying regulatory framework quickly discussed. We have received this now for a few years, but as the price of carbon credits has increased, the compensation has also increased. We do recognize that during the quarter received.
That's why we received those, most of them in Q3. There was something received also previous year, quarter three, the magnitude was smaller last year, that's why we highlighted it this year. This schema or subsidy will last next year, but then the political environment has sort of made a decision to fade this subsidy away, there will be sort of other ways of using or promoting sort of efficient and fossil-free energy, and that sort of a framework, I think, is still a bit up in the air how it will work in Finland. Nevertheless, we will see this benefit next year as well.
The effect in Q3 was how much?
Roughly EUR 3 million.
Okay, thanks.
Why it's Finland is that it's happening elsewhere also in Europe, but our electricity consumption due to our bleaching capacity here in Finland is we're fifth biggest electricity user in Finland. Maybe that gives you the sort of size of it.
Thank you.
I remind you that if you want to ask a question, please press zero one on your telephone keypad now. As a final reminder, if you would like to ask a question, please press zero one on your telephone keypad now. We have a follow-up question from Martin Roediger from Kepler Cheuvreux. Your line is open.
I'm obviously the only person who's in this call. I apologize for that. Maybe then I have two follow-up questions or two additional questions. The first one is on bio-based products. You mentioned that on page nine. Can you elucidate what is the exposure today, and what is your expectation of the bio-based products exposure in five years' time, so that we get a feeling of how important that could be? The second question is on the outlook. Just to clarify, all else equal, is there any reason why the seasonality in Q4 this year should be different to the seasonality we are used to see at Kemira over the last couple of years? Thank you.
Well probably the seasonality is pretty similar. The oil sands season is over and the winter and snow and ice coming affects some of the water treatment volumes. Probably last year, the shale drop from Q3 to Q4 was more significant, and now that comes from a small base. Most likely it then continues at a flat rate, let's put it this way, if the weather allows. The other thing is that then the holiday season, there might be some extra stoppages, we don't know, by the Pulp & Paper companies and potential shutdowns. We are informed of those only days before if they do take a downtime during the holiday. Other than that, last year there were no major downtimes from the Pulp & Paper as demand was good. That's the situation. On the bio-based, we have a portfolio already.
AKD in China is one of those. That AKD product is shipped all over the world. It's our global base. We have others also. We intend to threefold that business in the next 10 years. That's a topic that we'll be talking more in the CMD.
Thank you.
Maybe now we can take a question from the webcast, too. Two questions here. You briefly touched upon this already, but could a bit more elaborate, Jari? How do you see the maintenance outlook for the Pulp & Paper customers in Q4 as a question?
Well, basically, it's possible. We saw maintenance shutdowns in Q3. They've announced a few in Q4. The holiday season is a question mark. It's not known to us.
Yes, indeed. One more question regarding the new investments. This may be more for Petri. What kind of improvement do you expect to the EUR 20 million run rate from the China and Netherlands investments next year?
Somewhat, but not dramatic anymore. Obviously, now one assumes that the starting point, so the comparison point is fixed. Yeah, I think it's maybe another EUR 5 million or so on an annual basis one would expect to receive. Obviously, both of these investments not only provide the backward integration help and the cost benefit, but they both have extra capacity so we can grow these businesses. That's one of the reasons why we are now growing in Pulp & Paper because we have more AKD capacity so we can grow there. Same thing, Jari mentioned that the polymer plant now, the Ithaca provides a good base load, and actually it's growing base load, but now we can actually start entertaining other customers, which we were not able to do before we had this extra capacity.
There is the also, as we hope and expect that we build the market, so we will get benefit from the expansion, but then that's on top of the cost saving that we had up to now.
Maybe as a reminder, the AKD plant in China, we started that up in November last year, and then obviously have some ramping up issues in the beginning and shutdowns for maintenance and so on. You can imagine that it was not full run rate until after the summer. The specialty polymer line we started up in March. That's the increment that is going to then be there for next year. Now they're running well and ramped up.
If we turn to the audio line for questions, if there are still.
We have a telephone question from Veikko Silvasti from Nordea Equities. Please go ahead. Your line is open.
Hello, and thank you for taking my questions. Could you maybe remind us once again, how does your pricing work in an inflationary raw material environment now that we are most likely going to see in 2021?
Well, if it comes to the polymers and shale, you could call it frame agreements and spot pricing. Then obviously, then the competitive situation is a factor there, too. In the water treatment side and in the Pulp & Paper side, it's mostly long-term fixed contracts, not a lot of spot volumes. Then we have the formula pricing for CEOR and oil sands and bleaching in United States that go with the input cost up or down.
If I continue a little bit on that. Veikko, if you flip through and go to our Q2 presentation, I had a slide on that one. Off memory, something like 80% of our business is this type of a fixed price, fixed-term contracts. To be honest with you, I don't vouch that the percentage number is correct, but it's in the Q2 presentation.
Yeah, it's about right.
Great. Thank you. I'll have a look.
There are no further questions registered, so I hand back to the speakers.
Okay. This was the shortest one ever.
All right.
Thank you.
This was the shortest one ever so but t hank you for participating. If there are still questions after the audio cast and webcast, please be in touch with me and we're happy to take your questions. As Petri said, we're looking forward to seeing as many of you as possible at the CMD on the 19th of November. We'll catch up then. Thank you for today. Thank you.
Thank you.
Thank you.