Volvo Car AB (publ.) Ratios and Metrics

Market cap in millions USD. Fiscal year is January - December.

Millions USD. Fiscal year is Jan - Dec.

Fiscal Year	Current	FY 2025	FY 2024	FY 2023	FY 2022	FY 2021
Period Ending	Feb '26 Feb 11, 2026	Dec '25 Dec 31, 2025	Dec '24 Dec 31, 2024	Dec '23 Dec 31, 2023	Dec '22 Dec 31, 2022	Dec '21 Dec 31, 2021
Market Capitalization	7,997	9,872	6,442	9,647	13,543	25,379
Market Cap Growth	23.08%	53.25%	-33.22%	-28.77%	-46.64%	-
Enterprise Value	5,911	8,968	8,123	8,280	11,611	25,218
Last Close Price	3.35	3.16	2.17	3.23	6.50	8.85
PE Ratio	423.62	522.95	4.63	7.43	9.06	18.83
PS Ratio	0.21	0.26	0.18	0.24	0.43	0.81
PB Ratio	0.50	0.61	0.50	0.74	1.20	2.43
P/TBV Ratio	1.15	1.42	0.69	1.27	1.86	3.41
P/FCF Ratio	6.25	7.71	3.22	3.98	7.12	12.40
P/OCF Ratio	2.13	2.63	1.51	2.26	4.20	7.69
EV/Sales Ratio	0.15	0.23	0.23	0.21	0.37	0.81
EV/EBITDA Ratio	2.62	4.26	2.31	2.24	4.69	8.32
EV/EBIT Ratio	12.22	22.65	3.37	3.07	7.07	11.74
EV/FCF Ratio	4.62	7.01	4.07	3.42	6.11	12.33
Debt / Equity Ratio	0.25	0.25	0.28	0.28	0.30	0.34
Debt / EBITDA Ratio	1.94	1.94	0.97	0.93	1.25	1.10
Debt / FCF Ratio	3.20	3.20	1.80	1.49	1.78	1.75
Net Debt / Equity Ratio	-0.13	-0.13	-0.12	-0.16	-0.27	-0.40
Net Debt / EBITDA Ratio	-1.02	-1.02	-0.43	-0.58	-1.24	-1.38
Net Debt / FCF Ratio	-1.68	-1.68	-0.75	-0.88	-1.61	-2.05
Asset Turnover	0.94	0.94	1.08	1.16	1.08	1.03
Inventory Turnover	4.83	4.83	5.37	6.19	6.46	6.14
Quick Ratio	0.53	0.53	0.52	0.54	0.70	0.76
Current Ratio	1.04	1.04	0.94	0.98	1.07	1.13
Return on Equity (ROE)	-2.04%	-2.04%	11.69%	11.35%	16.06%	17.19%
Return on Assets (ROA)	0.60%	0.60%	4.47%	4.93%	3.48%	4.45%
Return on Invested Capital (ROIC)	2.77%	2.87%	15.94%	18.82%	19.70%	30.04%
Return on Capital Employed (ROCE)	1.60%	1.60%	12.20%	13.90%	9.40%	12.40%
Earnings Yield	0.24%	0.19%	21.60%	13.46%	11.03%	5.47%
FCF Yield	16.01%	12.97%	31.02%	25.13%	14.04%	8.06%
Payout Ratio	-	-	-	-	-	83.39%
Buyback Yield / Dilution	0.24%	0.24%	0.07%	-0.03%	-15.49%	-0.90%
Total Shareholder Return	0.24%	0.24%	0.07%	-0.03%	-15.49%	-0.90%

Updated Dec 31, 2025. Source: S&P Global Market Intelligence. Standard template. Financial Sources.