Good afternoon, everyone, and welcome to Banco de Chile's second quarter 2022 results conference call. If you need a copy of the management financial review, it is available on the company's website. Today with us, we have Mr. Rodrigo Aravena, Chief Economist and Institutional Relations Officer, Mr. Pablo Mejia, Head of Investor Relations, Daniel Galarce, Head of Financial Control and Capital, and Natalia Villela, Investor Relations Specialist. Before we begin, I would like to remind you that the call today is being recorded and that the information discussed may include forward-looking statements regarding the company's financial and operating performance. All projections are subject to risks and uncertainties, and actual results may differ materially. Please refer to the detailed note in the company's press release regarding forward-looking statements. I'll now turn the call over to Mr. Rodrigo Aravena. Please go ahead, sir.
Good afternoon, everyone, and thank you for joining this call. Today, we will present the overall performance of Banco de Chile during the last quarter, as well as our analysis of the main macroeconomic trends, including our guidance for the near future. Before going to the presentation, I'd like to say that we're very proud of the several achievements of our bank during the quarter, demonstrating our unquestionable leadership in different areas. On the financial side, for instance, we posted a historical bottom line of CLP 452 billion, widening the gap even more with our main peers. This characteristic, which has differentiated our bank over time, was also accompanied by superior levels of capital and strong risk indicators. In this quarter, we also had important advances in ESG, mainly in terms of further improvements in ESG ratings and the development of an ambitious and comprehensive bond framework.
All of these topics will be deeply discussed throughout this presentation. When looking at the performance of our main peers, our recent achievements are even more significant given the economic and business environment. I'd like to begin with a discussion on the micro side. Please go to slide number three. The Chilean economy continues posting positive annual growth rate, as seen in the upper left chart. In the first quarter, the GDP went up by 7.2%, while in the second quarter, the activity increased by 5.7% year-on-year. On a broad sense, the year-on-year expansion has been driven by consumption and services, and on the other hand, mining has remained in negative territory. On a sequential basis, however, the story looks different. The chart on the upper right shows that the overall activity has remained relatively stable since the end of the last year.
In fact, in June, the IMACEC was 0.1% below the level posted in December last year, reflecting that the GDP hasn't grown year to date. The chart also reflects how the normalization in consumption has contributed to reducing GDP growth. The labor market continues showing signs of gradual recovery. The unemployment rate in June was 7.8%, remaining below the peak of 13% observed in 2020, when the pandemic significantly affected the economy. Nevertheless, it is worth mentioning that the lower unemployment is the result of two effects. One is the global recovery of total employment, which increased by 9.9% in second quarter, although it remains below its pre-COVID level. Second is the reduction of the labor force, which has reduced the participation rate and, consequently, the level of unemployment.
There have also been several changes in the global economy with significant impact on Chile. Some of them have been reflected in the evolution of commodity prices as the chart on the bottom right displays. Due to supply disruptions related to the war in Eastern Europe, the oil price posted an impressive rise of 40% in the first half of this year. On the other hand, the copper price declined by 17% in the same period, influenced by weaker GDP expectations, mainly in China. The combination of prices has led to a deterioration in Chilean terms of trade. All these trends have had important impacts on nominal factors, mainly interest rates, prices, and effects. Please move to the next slide, number four. In this environment, and in line with the trends seen in the rest of the world, prices continued to increase steadily.
Specifically, the annual CPI went up to 12.5% in June, the highest figure since the 1990s. It resulted from the 3.6% inflation posted in the second quarter after the 3.4% rise in the first quarter 2022. All of the core measures have been going up, widening the gap, with the policy target set at 3%. For instance, the index that excludes food and energy, and energy prices increased to 9.9% in June, also the highest in decades. Nontradable and tradable measures have followed a similar trend as they rose 15% and 9.5% year-on-year in June. All in all, the rise in core measures confirm that inflation in Chile is a generalized process, not explained by the increase of few articles. The Chilean peso had a substantial decline, especially last month.
In addition to the global strengthening of the dollar and the deterioration in terms of trade, the Chilean peso has been affected by domestic factors, such as the persistence of political uncertainty. Consequently, the exchange rate fell 7.2% against the dollar in the first half of the year, becoming one of the currencies with the highest depreciation in the region. Given the magnitude of the adjustment and the higher volatility, the Central Bank of Chile announced an intervention equivalent to $25 billion in the FX market to be implemented until September 30th by using different tools, such as sales in the spot market, as well as injections through FX derivatives. After the announcement, the Chilean peso strengthened from almost CLP 1,050 per dollar to CLP 900 . In this environment, the Chilean Central Bank has continued tightening the monetary policy.
In the meeting held in July, the board decided to lift the rate by 75 basis points to 9.75%, achieving the highest value since the nineties. It is worth mentioning that this level exceeded the forward guidance provided in the monetary policy report released a month ago, reflecting a material change in inflationary perspectives in a short period of time. According to the press release of the meeting, the board should continue raising the interest rate in the future. Another important adjustment this year has been the steep decline in the overall liquidity. The chart on the bottom right shows the downward trend in the monetary base or M0 and the M1 supply equivalent to M0 plus total liquidity held in demand deposits.
As expected, this trend has been attributable to the absence of further liquidity injections as pension funds withdraw and monetary subsidies provided by the government and the rise in inflation, which reduces disposable income even more. All these trends have had several impacts on the banking system, as we will analyze in this presentation. Now, I'd like to go to the next slide, number five, to discuss our macroeconomic forecast for this and the next year. We expect the economy to grow 1.7% in the current year. Since the economy probably expanded around 6.5% in the first half, this forecast is consistent with negative growth for the rest of the year. This slowdown will be a consequence of several factors, including, first, the fall in fiscal spending this year due to the withdrawal of measures implemented during the pandemic.
Second, the lagged effect of the interest rate hikes implemented since mid-2021. Third, the worse global conditions. Fourth, the persistence of political uncertainty at the local level. These negative year-on-year growth rate should last until middle of 2023, translating into a negative expansion for the whole year, 2023. We expect -1%. This slowdown should contribute to reducing inflation. We expect the headline inflation to fall from 11% this year to around 5.5% in 2023. Nevertheless, it is reasonable to expect it to remain above the target of 3% at least until 2024 due to the persistent of second round effect and the high inflation in the world.
These reasons support our view of a rather normalization in the interest rate from an expected value of 10.75% this year to nearly 6% in 2023, remaining in contractionary territory. Before finalize this section, I'd like to mention some risks worth to pay attention to. Apart from the global sources of uncertainty relevant for Chile, such as the evolution of China and the geopolitical conflict in Eastern Europe, it will be especially relevant to monitor the constitutional discussion in Chile. Apart from the result of the referendum scheduled for September fourth, it will be important to analyze the implementation of potential changes in the constitution by the Congress in a process that could last at least one year, despite the result of the referendum.
It is also relevant the discussion and implementation of several reforms announced by the government, including tax and pensions. I'd like now to present the Chilean banking industry main trends. Please move to the next slide, number six. The banking industry posted CLP 218 trillion in loans this quarter, which represents an increase of 5.4% quarter-on-quarter in nominal terms, driven by commercial and mortgage loans, which grew by 6.2% and 4.4% respectively. In real terms, however, loans only grew 1% quarter-on-quarter. This lower dynamism in real terms was in line with the conclusions of the second quarter Banking Credit Survey, which noted that credit supply conditions are tightening and demand remains weak across all credit segments.
The industry posted solid nominal results, driven mainly by the high levels of inflation, which benefited operating income, as shown on the bottom left chart. Nevertheless, when considering the effect of inflation on the value of equity, net income growth would be lower. For instance, return on average equity for the industry reached 23.8% year to date, and when adjusted by the effect of inflation on equity, this would decrease to 9.3%. Regarding credit quality, the industry has begun to show a slight deterioration in loan loss provisions as well as in NPLs, as can be seen in the chart on the bottom right of this slide.
Nevertheless, this trend is in line with the guidance that we mentioned in previous conference calls, since we are entering a scenario of lower liquidity levels, higher inflation, and higher interest rate, factors that could potentially affect negatively customers' payment behavior. Therefore, we expect that cost of risk should continue its transition to pre-pandemic levels. Now, I'd like to pass the call to Pablo, who will go into more details about Banco de Chile advances and the financial performance.
Thank you, Rodrigo. I'd like to begin with advances in our key strategic projects. Please go to slide number eight. As we have reviewed in the past, our strategy focuses on three main areas. First, the digital transformation of the bank, as this is key to continue competing effectively in the future. Second, a strong focus on driving efficiency and productivity. Third, continuing our commitment to create the most sustainable bank. We will go over this on the next few slides. Please move to slide number nine, where we will highlight some of our initiatives in digital banking and how they benefit financial inclusion. Cuenta FAN, our main digital debit account, continues to have a positive trend, and we originated over 926,000 accounts since its launch and added approximately 82,000 new accounts during the second quarter of 2022.
Of the total accounts, we have cross-sold 24% to other products and services, including current accounts, insurance products, investments, credit cards, consumer loans, and mortgages. We are also launching a new checking account with digital onboarding for SMEs that makes it easier for entrepreneurs to take the next step and separate their personal and business accounts. This does not require any minimum sales or period of time of operations and charges no entrance or maintenance fees. These digital initiatives, along with the improvements introduced in our comprehensive investment app and the payment solution, Paga2, has led us to be recognized by The European as the most innovative digital bank in Chile. Please turn to slide 10. We continue to drive productivity across all areas of the bank by implementing incremental improvements.
This progress in operational efficiency, together with all the technological advances that we have implemented and through the streamlining of its branch network, has allowed us to become one of the most efficient banks in Chile. This quarter, we even broke the prior quarter's record and posted a leading efficiency ratio of 28% and 31% year to date. Although our efficiency has been mainly due to strong top-line growth, our determination to continue controlling expenses further enhanced these levels, which grew below inflation. In fact, in real terms, our year-to-date expenses decreased 2.5% during the quarter. This has been the result of cost improvements through innovations such as our digital purchasing platform that introduces electronic auctions and tender processes to acquire goods and services.
Likewise, we continued streamlining and automating diverse back-office and middle-office processes, which is making a difference in the use of resources. We are sure that through these actions, we can continue to show positive productivity gains as we have seen in our total operating costs to total assets indicator, which isolates the effect of inflation on operating revenues while providing a clearer measure of productivity that improved significantly over the last years, reaching 1.7% as of June. Please turn to slide 11. During the second quarter, we kept boosting our initiatives relating to our commitment to be the most sustainable bank in Chile. Particularly, we are excited to mention that we have developed a sustainable financing framework to issue green, social, or ESG bonds.
The framework will allow us to finance projects that generate positive impacts in diverse areas such as green buildings, clean transportation, energy efficiency, renewable energy, financial literacy, social housing, and access to basic infrastructure. We will also be able to use these proceeds to finance SMEs and women-owned enterprises, which is in line with our commitment to the entrepreneurship and the development of Chile and its people. As mentioned, we are promoting financial inclusion through online and free of maintenance fees digital accounts. However, we are aware that while digital adoption keeps increasing, for many customers, it's still very important to have branches or ATMs close by. For this reason, we have been actively promoting access to finance through diverse projects, such as the partnership with municipalities to install ATMs where people need them.
Cajas Chile, which is a partnership with many markets located across Chilean cities and towns, and in rural areas that provide financial transactions for people living in these areas where there is little or no banking alternatives. We have the largest private bank ATM network, and we have one of the largest branch footprints in the country. We are also very proud to mention that as a recognition of our efforts to be a sustainable bank, we have obtained the best ESG ratings in the Chilean banking industry from MSCI and Sustainalytics, confirming our leadership on this matter. Please turn to slide 13 to begin our discussion on our results. This year has been record-breaking in terms of nominal results for all comparable banks, as you can see on the chart to the left that shows the traditional ROE measure.
Nevertheless, it is very important to be aware of the impacts generated by the high level of inflation on profitability figures in periods when inflation is extraordinarily high, as has occurred since the end of 2021. In this context, it's very important to note that since 2009, the nominal effect of inflation under Chilean GAAP, similar to IFRS, does not take into consideration the full impact of inflation on our income and balance sheet. When we consider the effect of inflation on equity in order to recognize the loss in purchasing power, this reduces the profitability of banks significantly. Given the material impact of high levels of inflation, we want to share with you some figures that potentially address this bias.
The chart on the right shows inflation-adjusted ROE from the main Chilean banks, considering the impact of inflation on equity by deducting the effect of price level restatement on capital in the income statement. We believe this measure provides a more comprehensive perspective of real profitability since it shows the effective economic value that is generated by maintaining the real value of equity after considering the negative impact of inflation on its nominal value. Even under this scenario, Banco de Chile remains as the bank with the highest profitability, which is attributable to our superior competitive advantages, a consistent long-term strategy, and the successful implementation of several strategic projects, as we discussed earlier in the presentation.
Finally, it's also worth mentioning that our level of profitability adjusted by the effect of CPI on capital is even higher than the historical levels of nominal ROE of around 18%, which clearly shows the solid results obtained during the year. Please turn to slide 14. We posted for the third quarter in a row a record nominal bottom line of CLP 432 billion, 164% above the same period last year and almost 50% above the first quarter. As mentioned, inflation played a major role, but this was boosted by our sound business and risk management that drove customer income and maintained both credit and operational expenses low. Noteworthy is how we have managed to outperform all of our peers with substantial gains in net income, as you can see on the chart to the right.
Despite an important portion of this growth has been the direct result of the temporary rise in inflation, we expect only a slight slowdown in revenue generation in the second half of the year as CPI is anticipated to begin to slowly decrease in the next months. Depending on the permanent impacts of the recent events in Chile and the evolution of the pandemic, we believe that our long-term ROE should return to levels we posted prior to the pandemic towards around 18% in the coming years. However, we expect 2022 ROE to be well above this level as a consequence of the described temporary effects on net interest margin. Please turn to slide 15.
Total operating income increased sharply by 72% year-on-year, primarily from a 218% rise in non-customer income, but was further driven by a rise of 28% in customer income. We achieved the strong rise in non-customer income by proactively managing and increasing our UF-denominated asset position, which enabled us to profit from the higher than normal levels of inflation based on gains related to the contribution of our structural UF net asset exposure that hedges our equity from inflation. We also benefited from favorable impacts of shifts in both interest rates and inflation on temporary gaps by our treasury when managing balance sheet and currency mismatches. Additionally, we recorded positive results in debt securities and trading portfolio acquired at convenient cost of funds based on higher accrual generated by the effect of inflation on UF-denominated securities.
As of June 2022, our UF net asset gap in the banking book was approximately CLP 7.8 trillion, translating into sensitivity of about CLP 78 billion for every 100 basis point change in inflation or approximately 20 basis points in net interest margin. We also recorded a sharp expansion in customer income, primarily from the higher contribution of demand deposits to our funding costs. As interest rates have risen significantly over the last 12 months, benefiting us by over CLP 100 billion in terms of lower cost of funds, partially offset by the reduction in DDA volumes that we anticipated in previous calls. Additionally, fees grew by 6% year-on-year due to higher transactional income as a result of a more dynamic business activity in the second quarter when compared to the same period last year.
To a lesser degree, higher transactions in the sales and structuring area also contributed to increasing customer income based on deals closed with customers looking for coverage from higher volatility and FX and interest rates, among others. Net interest margin this quarter rose to 6.2%, surpassing all of our competitors in terms of total operating margin, as shown on the bottom right. We are confident that our sound long-term strategy should continue to generate attractive returns, not only in the short term, but also in the longer term. Please turn to slide 16. Total loans reached CLP 36 trillion, up 11% nominal from last year and 4% on a sequential basis. Except for consumer loans, an important portion of this has been driven by market factors such as inflation and the peso depreciation rather than loan origination.
As a reminder, about 34% of commercial loans and almost 100% of mortgage loans are denominated in UF. Likewise, around 18% of commercial loans are denominated in foreign currency, mainly the U.S. dollar. As you can see on the charts to the right, commercial and mortgage loans expanded 10% year-on-year. In real terms, these loans decreased because CPI increased more than 10% during the last 12 months. Nevertheless, the overall trend in the commercial and mortgage loans is completely in line with the latest Banking Credit Survey that highlighted stricter credit conditions and weaker demand for loans. On a more positive tone, consumer loans grew powerfully at 18% over the same period last year.
Different from the rest of the portfolio, consumer loans are chiefly denominated in pesos, which means that this growth was due to origination and not to other market factors. We continued to strengthen and adapt the value propositions to the new trends and customer expectations, which accelerated business growth. We also implemented diverse projects that optimize our branch network, incorporated business intelligence, and implemented new commercial strategies. This enabled us to deploy successful commercial campaigns in the second quarter of 2022, aimed at increasing consumer loan origination while enhancing credit card transactions by reinforcing loyalty programs. It is also worth noting that the expected normalization of liquidity levels should positively contribute to increased demand for consumer loans, partially reducing the impact from the GDP slowdown expected in the coming quarters. I'd also like to highlight that we recently developed the Commercial Systematics program, which is bearing fruit.
This initiative focuses on boosting the productivity of our sales force through four key pillars. First, improving risk procedures to increase credit approvals at the front office through pre-approved loans and by improving risk attributions. Second, leveraging digital tools to develop advanced analytics. Third, expanding our business intelligence and building new propensity models. And lastly, developing commercial discipline through the implementation of management and training procedures. Through the successful implementation of this program, we have seen important improvements across the business unit's KPIs. The most important one being an increase in originations per account manager. As a result of this program's success, we are in the process of rolling out something similar in the SME segment. Please turn to slide 17. Funding has been key in this economic cycle.
Thanks to our strong position in demand deposits and prudent and consistent positions taken in the asset side of the balance sheet, we have been rewarded with higher margins. First, I want to emphasize that the evolution of deposits has evolved in line with our expectations, as shown on the chart on the top right. As a result of the sharp increase in interest rates and inflation, as we foresaw last quarter, we have seen a reduction in demand deposits from clients that have either used these funds that they have accumulated during the pandemic or invested in time deposits or mutual funds. Since interest rates are expected to remain high for a while, we expect that DDAs should continue decreasing. This reduction in DDAs should be experienced across the entire industry.
Along these lines, we maintain our leadership position in demand deposits to loans, as shown on the chart on the bottom left. This source of funding and short-term deposits denominated in pesos support part of our structural gap. Given the lag response of nominal interest rates to inflation, we have benefited from a positive trade-off when funding our UF net asset position with these kinds of liabilities. In this environment, we decide to gradually and responsibly increase our UF exposure in the banking book over the last quarters. As such, our net asset UF gap in the banking book reached CLP 7.8 trillion as of June 2022, up from CLP 5.3 trillion in 2019. We are also the most capitalized bank among our peers, as shown on the next slide 18.
Our Basel ratio reached 17.4% as of June 2022, significantly higher than the average of the industry. When compared to our peers, we outranked all of them in our CET1 ratio of 12.9%, as displayed in the chart on the bottom left side. More importantly, we have been able to post these figures with a level of profitability that none of our competing banks have managed to attain, as shown on the chart to the right. This position of the highest profitability with the best capitalization is truly unique and is a direct result of our long-term consistent strategy that focuses on growing responsibly with strict policies to manage risk exposures in order to generate appropriate returns.
We're in a comfortable position to implement fully loaded Basel III requirements smoothly based on our solid CET1 capital level and our capacity of generating high and consistent returns over time, which in turn should permit us to continue delivering attractive dividends for our shareholders. Please turn to slide 19. We posted this quarter expected credit losses of CLP 106 billion, up from CLP 74 billion the same period last year. Once again, a large percentage of these provisions were related to additional allowances that we established in line with the persistent uncertainty of the economic and political environment. NPLs also remained below historical levels, posting only 0.9% this quarter, down from 1.05% a year earlier. This was strongly driven by transitory factors that reduced the real deterioration in the fundamentals of the economy.
However, we have begun to see a slight increase in non-performing loans over the last few months, in line with the gradual and expected process of normalization. Saying that, cost of risk, including additional provisions, reached 1.21%, but this is significantly lower when we exclude the additional allowances. In fact, we recorded only 0.74% cost of risk when excluding these allowances and a delinquency ratio of only 0.97%, as you can see on the chart on the bottom left, both significantly below our peers. Finally, I want to emphasize that we have a superior revenue generation, as shown on the chart on the bottom right. We outrank all of our competition with a wide gap for the fourth quarter in a row, clearly demonstrating our excellent and consistent business strategy. Please turn to slide 20.
This has been another record-breaking quarter in terms of efficiency ratio. We reached this quarter a ratio of merely 28%. Not only that, our total operating expenses actually decreased in real terms year-over-year. In nominal terms, costs grew 11%. This level of efficiency and cost control has been possible through the productivity plan and initiatives that we have continuously been implementing over the years and are bearing fruit. It's also relevant to remember that many costs are indexed to inflation and to a lesser extent, to foreign currency. For example, salaries are adjusted at least twice per year by inflation, and many IT costs are indexed to the U.S. dollar. We are committed to continuing to improve our cost structure and to make better use of our resources to maintain a high level of productivity.
As mentioned at the beginning of this presentation, it's clear the level of efficiency reported is heavily impacted by the transitory revenue growth. We are, however, convinced that the incremental progress that we have made in recent periods should lead to sustainable productivity improvements compared to the levels we had prior to the pandemic after these revenues normalize. Please turn to slide 21. Before moving on to questions, I would like to briefly discuss the main points presented today and provide some guidance. First, we expect an economic slowdown for GDP beginning in the second half of this year, and this should persist during the first half of 2023.
Inflation for the second half of the year should be similar to the levels we saw in the first six months, 2022, with more short-term rate hikes from the Central Bank of Chile. As a result, we're expecting GDP for 2022 to slow down to around 1.7%, and loans in the industry to grow around inflation in nominal terms. For Banco de Chile, we're pursuing to grow in consumer and SME commercial loans, and we aim to pick up market share in these segments this year. In terms of results, we posted again the strongest bottom line in the industry because of our superior balance sheet management and successful strategic initiatives that have driven stronger figures than our peers.
We expect full-year 2022 ROE of approximately 28%, with a net interest margin of around 5.2% and an efficiency ratio in the levels of around 35%. A cost of risk hovering around the 1.2% range. In the long term, we expect that our ROE to converge to pre-pandemic levels of around 18%, which is consistent with the NIM to be around the 4%-4.5% level, and the cost of risk without additional provisions to reach around that 1.1%-1.2% level, and cost of income around the 42%. Finally, I want to emphasize that we posted the strongest results in the industry with the highest capital and the highest additional provisions, as shown on the chart to the right.
As such, we believe that this further proves our superior sound business model and competitive strengths that continue to position us as the strongest bank in the country and a great investment for our shareholders. Thank you for listening. If you have any questions, we would be happy to answer them.
Thank you very much for the presentation. We will now be moving to the Q&A part of the call. If you are dialed in via the telephone and have any questions, please press star two on your keypad. That's star two on your keypad. If you're dialed in via the web, you may also ask a voice or a text question. We will now give a moment or so for the questions to come in. Thank you. Our first question comes from Jason Mollin from Scotiabank. Please go ahead, sir. Your line is open.
Hi. Thanks for the opportunity to ask questions. I just wanted to address, I mean, you're very clear in the presentation about the high level of capitalization, the additional provisions that were created so far this year and in the past. I mean, what you're still, Banco de Chile is still generating this very high ROE. What about returning more capital to shareholders, either in the form of dividends, and I think you've addressed buybacks in the past may not be so likely. If you can just talk about the dynamic going forward in terms of capital, additional provisions, and dividends. Thanks.
Thanks, Jason. Well, as you know, we have a very high capital ratio, the highest in the industry, a strong level, and we're quite comfortable with that level to implement Basel III in Chile. If we look at the past in Chile and take into consideration what's occurred, we can't rule out that there's changes in the dividends that we pay out in line, for example, how we paid out this year versus in the prior crisis that we paid out 100% of distributable net income. It's something that we can't rule out for the future. It's something that we have to take into consideration as well in terms of everything as the future growth, the future prosperity or the permanent impacts of Chile in the long term after the pandemic.
What are the permanent impacts of the pandemic, of the crisis, and how that affects the growth of Banco de Chile. We have to take into consideration everything in terms of where that dividend policy will be. Obviously we need to use our capital efficiently and if we don't see growth, obviously that capital has to be used efficiently, so we can't rule out something similar like we've done in the past in future dividends. In terms of additional provisions, we've set again this quarter an important amount of additional provisions. The stock today is CLP 650 billion, well above all of our peers. This decision was taken again in an environment that had several signs of recovery since late 2020, but there's still many areas of the economy, economic and political scenario that still is generating uncertainties.
I would say today, it's we don't see these uncertainties still dissipating, so we need to see something more permanent that we can do something related to the additional provisions. We can't rule out that a portion of these additional provisions in the future could be reversed, but that has to be taken by the board of directors, and we still feel that we need to see a permanent improvement in the economy and in the whole local scenario. I think that answers the question.
Let me ask. This is Rodrigo Aravena. I'd like just to highlight the very high level of uncertainty that. We have in Chile, basically, you know that there are important sources of uncertainty from the rest of the world. You know how sensitive is the Chilean economy to the Chinese economic growth, for example, the recent evolution of the copper price as well. At the local level, we have to keep in mind that there will be a next referendum for the new constitution, which is a very important source of uncertainty for the future. Additionally, the government has mentioned the intention to implement several reforms. As for now, the government announced, for example, some guidelines for the tax potential tax reform, the same for pension.
Basically, it's not clear how will be the economy in the long term, even though in the past, Chile used to be a country with 3% economic growth, 3% inflation, a low interest rate. It's not clear how will be the parameters of Chile in the long term. Having said that, given the important uncertainty that we face, we think that it's best to have a stronger buffer in terms of additional provisions. That's why we feel comfortable in terms that we have the strongest bank as to face potential negative scenario for the future. In fact, we are just beginning probably our recession in Chile, a negative annual growth between the third quarter of the year, where probably until the second quarter of the next year.
In this environment, we have been taking a more, you know, conservative approach, given the uncertainty of the economy and the political situation in Chile as well.
Thanks for that as well, Rodrigo. Thanks, Pablo.
Thank you.
Thank you very much. Our next question comes from Mr. Tito Labarta from Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead, sir. Your line is open.
Hi, Rodrigo and Pablo. Thank you for the call and taking my question. My question, and, you know, thanks for some of the guidance you gave, Pablo. It was very helpful. If you could help us think a little bit of the evolution of the ROE from here. I know you gave the guidance for the year and long term, just to think about, you mentioned inflation should be similar to the first half of the year, but your rates continue to go up now. So how should that impact your margin from here? If you help us, you know, remind us on the sensitivity for both, inflation and for higher rates. You know, how long does it take to get back to that 18% ROE? You know, like in the short term, you know, it looks like you probably remain elevated, not at the level of 2Q, I imagine.
So there should be some kind of gradual decline in ROE, but if you can help us maybe just kind of quantify it given the moving parts between inflation, and rates and the impact on margins. Thank you.
Hi, Tito. Thanks for your question. In terms of ROE, yeah, we've had a strong ROE level due to the factors that we mentioned in the presentation, the high inflation, the higher levels of the overnight rate, which is benefiting us because of our strong funding base. If we look at in the short term, in the second half of the year, we should be seeing slightly lower net interest margins due to a lower overnight. Sorry, a lower level of inflation. That should be beginning to decrease. We should see some decrease at the end of the year. If we look at other signals that we have to see as well, take into consideration for that bottom line of ROE is risk.
We have seen a little bit of a rise in NPLs in the last couple of months, probably due to obviously the using up of all this liquidity that we've had in Chile, high inflation, this can be having an impact on the payment behavior of individuals and SMEs. In terms of the bottom line, we should see still a very positive bottom line in the short term, around 28%-30%. We're expecting something around that. If we look in the next couple of years, it'll take a little bit of time for ROEs to come back to that long-term level of around the 18% level 16%-18%, mainly due to the persistent high inflation that we've seen. We still believe that next year we'll have an inflation above the regulatory 3% level, which is in the range around 6%, the overnight rate will still be high.
That will still be benefiting our net interest margins. We really do have to see how the growth in the loan portfolio will continue to evolve and NPL in Chile. We should still probably see in the short term higher levels of ROEs of profitability than the long term. Depending on risk obviously, probably next year will still be a positive year in terms of the bottom line because of the very high inflation that we've seen in Chile. We have to see what happens in terms of risk, in terms of inflation. We think as mentioned, as long as this continues to come down, our cost of risk in at least the medium term should return to more normal levels of around 1.1%-1.2%.
Thank you, Pablo. That's very helpful. Maybe just one quick follow-up on that cost of risk and the NPLs in particular, you know, going into a recession as you guys expect. You know, what do you think that means for NPLs from here? You know, can it. You mentioned a bit of a rise in NPLs, but, you know, how much can they increase? Is it a huge risk or is it more sort of a normalization kind of to those pre-COVID levels? If you can help us think about how the NPLs move from here.
It's a slight rise, but it's a normalization.
Please stand by, ladies and gentlemen. We have lost connection with the host. We'll be reconnecting shortly. Please stand by. We are reconnecting with the host momentarily. We'll be with you shortly.
Hello, Mike?
Pablo, please go ahead. You are live.
Okay. I'm not sure where it got cut off. Sorry for that.
No worries. If you can hear me, I think it was, you said kind of a normalization of NPLs, was the last thing I remember hearing.
Well, what we're seeing is a normalization in terms of NPL. It's not a rise that we've seen is more of a normalization, where we've seen across the different portfolios, but it's not something that we have an area that we're very concerned of as of today. Obviously, we're doing all the follow-up monitoring procedures for the more cyclical portfolios. What we've seen is more of a normalization in terms of the portfolio, and we expect that normalization should continue in the coming months. It's not an area of particular concern. Obviously, it's something that we have to monitor. In terms of the levels related to the economy, this is very important on how the economy evolves, obviously. I think Rodrigo can give some insight in terms of the-
Yeah.
Economic factors that could be a driver in terms of where the NPL levels go.
Yeah. Basically, it's important to keep in mind that the key driver of this slowdown of this potential recession in Chile will be related with a lower investment growth. We are not quite pessimistic, for example, for consumption, for unemployment, since probably there will be an active fiscal policy in the future. That's why the key adjustment will be more related with investment and normalization in terms of the activity level. That we're expecting a temporary recession, a normalization of the economic growth between the third quarter of the year until the second quarter of the next year. Again, it's extremely important to analyze how the constitutional discussion will evolve in Chile, how will be implemented the key reforms.
All in all, we're expecting just a temporary recession in Chile, with a limited impact in terms of consumption, with a greater impact on investment, without having important changes in the labor market as we had, for example, in 2020.
Maybe I'm not sure if this got cut off. One of the things I mentioned as well is that it's only a slight deterioration, so the figures are still well below the historical levels. What's happening is mainly due to the liquidity drying up in Chile and the slightly higher inflation levels that could be affecting certain customers' payment behaviors.
That's perfect. Thanks a lot, Pablo and Rodrigo.
Mm-hmm.
Okay. Thank you very much. Reminder, star two for any additional questions. Our next question is from Mr. Alonso García from Credit Suisse. Please go ahead, sir. Your line is open.
Hello, everyone. My question is on the deposit side. You mentioned that DDAs should continue decreasing. But so far, as you mentioned also, we have seen more of a shift towards time deposits than the use of overall deposits. Considering your total deposit base is slightly up compared to December, just wanted to ask, what do you expect going forward? I mean, you mentioned DDAs should continue to decrease, but what do you expect for time deposits during the remainder of the year and for your total deposit base? Do you think it should continue growing slightly, or do you think for the second half we should see an overall decline in the deposit base? Also, what do you expect on this regard for next year with lower rates and UF contracting? Thank you.
Hi, thanks for your questions. In terms of DDAs evolution has been in line what we are expecting with the rise of the overnight rates and this extremely high levels of liquidity in Chile. What we've seen is customers either moving these funds to time deposits because of the opportunity cost or spending this or this being used in some sort of fashion going to mutual funds or going somewhere. It's completely in line. We still think that there's still room for it to continue decreasing the DDAs. They're well above historical levels. If you look at different indicators, it's well above those levels. For the second half of the year, we should probably still continue to see a rise in time deposits.
The levels of interest rates is still at a very attractive levels. Probably for next year will still remain at higher levels, and it's something that will transition slowly to a normalization, similar to the risk that the levels of funding that banks have in general in the industry in Chile.
Perfect. If I may, thank you for the answer. If I may, ask a second question. I mean, your cost of risk guidance basically implies a very similar level in second half compared to the first half of the year. I just wanted to check if this assumption for the second half of the year considers the creation of further additional reserves or if that would be something additional to the level implied in your guidance. Thank you. If you have a guidance for cost of risk next year. Thank you.
In terms of cost of risk, cost of risk is very difficult, very uncertain times today, so there's a lot of things going on, as Rodrigo Aravena mentioned. What we're seeing is cost of risk in the short term being around that 1.2% level, 1.1%-1.2% level for this year and the next. This should also be including the additional provisions. Now, how this continues evolving in the future and what the mix is will really depend on the evolution of the economy. If there's any new uncertainties that occur, that could have an impact in terms of the mix. We expect to be around these levels for this year and the next year, as long as the economy evolves in line with our baseline scenario.
Perfect. That's very clear. Thank you very much.
Thanks.
Thank you very much. It looks like we have no further questions at this point. I'll pass the line back to Pablo and the team for concluding remarks. Please go ahead.
Well, thank you very much.
I'm sorry, we just have one more question. Yes, I'm sorry, Pablo, we just have one more question from Banco Santander from Mr. Andres Soto. Please go ahead, sir. Your line is open.
Thanks very much. Congratulations for the results. Just very quickly, I have two questions. You mentioned in the presentation that your ROE adjusted by inflation was 20%, so this quarter versus 16% in 2018. Do you see this number as possible for the following two years? What would be the main risk on your expectations? My second question is regarding the capitalization subject. I want to ask what is the CET1 ratio level that in which you feel confident? Thanks. That's it.
In terms of the profitability adjusted, the adjusted ROE, one of the things that takes into consideration that calculation is adjusting net income for the effect of inflation on capital. Because inflation has been so high and we have to see the effect of inflation on capital, because similar to what occurred prior to IFRS, we did this adjustment. We have an ROE, as you saw in the 20% levels. Obviously, as inflation comes down, the impact of the traditional inflation adjustment on net income will be less relevant, will be less material because we should move to a more normal level of inflation.
If you break this down, the net income, which is based on inflation and based on the core business, not inflation, you can see that our core business has been growing quite strongly. This is a very positive note looking forward. We should probably, in the medium term, still be around that 18% that we were mentioning earlier and unadjusted for inflation. The adjustment for inflation becomes less of a change when inflation is much lower. Today, the impact of the high levels of inflation is very significant because we're running at extremely high levels of inflation today. The second question, Daniel, let's
Hi, everyone. Regarding the CET1 ratio, we have today a level of around 13%, in the range of 12%-13%. This is a level that we feel comfortable today. Actually, we are in the process of implementation of Basel III now. Of course, there could be some requirements. We don't know how this is going to evolve with total certainty. For the next challenges in terms of capital, this is a level that we, with which we feel comfortable. Also this will permit us to grow in the next three or four years with some gap regarding the regulatory limits.
Thanks. Thanks for the response. Very good.
Okay.
Okay. Thank you very much. No further questions.
Okay. Well, thanks for listening to the call, and we look forward to speaking with you on the next quarterly conference call.
Thank you very much. This concludes today's call. We'll now be closing all the lines. Goodbye.